Validate dimensions before creating texture (#4430)

* ava: Refactor Updater.cs

Fix typos
Remove unused usings
Rename variables to follow naming scheme

* ava: Set file permissions when extracting update files

* gtk: Apply the same refactor to Updater.cs

* updater: Replace assert with if statement

* updater: Remove await usings again

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Bug Report
-about: Something doesn't work correctly in Ryujinx. Game-specific issues should be posted at https://github.com/Ryujinx/Ryujinx-Games-List instead, unless it is a provable regression.
-#assignees:
----
-
-## Bug Report
-
-[ If any section does not apply, replace its contents with "N/A". ]</br>
-[ Lines between [ ] (square brackets) should be removed before posting. ]
-
-### What's the issue you encountered?
-
-[ Describe the issue in detail and what you were doing beforehand. ]</br>
-[ Did you make any changes related to Ryujinx itself? ]</br>
-[ If so, make sure to include details relating to what exactly you changed. ]
-
-### How can the issue be reproduced?
-
-[ Include a detailed step by step process for recreating your issue. ]
-
-### Log file
-
-[ Logs files can be found under ``Logs`` folder in Ryujinx program folder. ]</br>
-[ If you don't include a crash report in instances of crash related issues, we will ask you one to provide one. ]
-
-### Environment?
-
-- Ryujinx version: 1.0.X</br>
-[ Replace X's with the Ryujinx version at time of crash. ]
-- Game version: X.X.X</br>
-[ Replace X's with the game version at time of crash. ]
-- System Specs:
-  - OS: *(e.g. Windows 10)*
-  - CPU: *(e.g. i7-6700)*
-  - GPU: *(e.g. NVIDIA RTX 2070)*
-  - RAM: *(e.g. 16GiB)*
-- Applied Mods : [ Yes (Which ones) / No ]
-
-### Additional context?
-
-Additional info about your environment:</br>
-[ Any other information relevant to your issue. ]

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+name: Bug Report
+description: File a bug report
+title: "[Bug]"
+labels: bug
+body:
+  - type: textarea
+    id: issue
+    attributes:
+      label: Description of the issue
+      description: What's the issue you encountered?
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: repro
+    attributes:
+      label: Reproduction steps
+      description: How can the issue be reproduced?
+      placeholder: Describe each step as precisely as possible
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: log
+    attributes:
+      label: Log file
+      description: A log file will help our developers to better diagnose and fix the issue.
+      placeholder: Logs files can be found under "Logs" folder in Ryujinx program folder. You can drag and drop the log on to the text area
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: input
+    id: os
+    attributes:
+      label: OS
+      placeholder: "e.g. Windows 10"
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: input
+    id: ryujinx-version
+    attributes:
+      label: Ryujinx version
+      placeholder: "e.g. 1.0.470"
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: input
+    id: game-version
+    attributes:
+      label: Game version
+      placeholder: "e.g. 1.1.1"
+    validations:
+      required: false
+  - type: input
+    id: cpu
+    attributes:
+      label: CPU
+      placeholder: "e.g. i7-6700"
+    validations:
+      required: false
+  - type: input
+    id: gpu
+    attributes:
+      label: GPU
+      placeholder: "e.g. NVIDIA RTX 2070"
+    validations:
+      required: false
+  - type: input
+    id: ram
+    attributes:
+      label: RAM
+      placeholder: "e.g. 16GB"
+    validations:
+      required: false
+  - type: textarea
+    id: mods
+    attributes:
+      label: List of applied mods
+      placeholder: You can list applied mods here.
+    validations:
+      required: false
+  - type: textarea
+    id: additional-context
+    attributes:
+      label: Additional context?
+      description: |
+        - Additional info about your environment:
+        - Any other information relevant to your issue.
+    validations:
+      required: false

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Feature Request
-about: Suggest a new feature for Ryujinx.
-#assignees:
----
-
-## Feature Request
-
-[ If any section does not apply, replace its contents with "N/A". ]</br>
-[ If you do not have the information needed for a section, replace its contents with "Unknown". ]</br>
-[ Lines between [ ] (square brackets) are to be removed before posting. ]</br>
-
-[ Please search for existing [feature requests](https://github.com/Ryujinx/Ryujinx/issues) before you make your own request. ]</br>
-[ Duplicate requests will be marked as such and you will be referred to the original request. ]
-
-### What feature are you suggesting?
-#### Overview:
-- [ Include the basic, high-level concepts for this feature here. ]
-
-#### Smaller Details: 
-- [ These may include specific methods of implementation etc. ]
-
-#### Nature of Request:  
-[ Remove all that do not apply to your request. ]
-- Addition
-  - [ Ex: Addition of certain original features or features from other community projects. ]
-  - [ If you are suggesting porting features or including features from other projects, include what license they are distributed under and what, if any libraries those project use. ]
-- Change
-- Removal
-  - [Ex: Removal of certain features or implementation due to a specific issue/bug or because of low quality code, etc.]
-
-### Why would this feature be useful?
-[ If this is a feature for an end-user, how does it benefit the end-user? ]</br>
-[ If this feature is for developers, what does it add to Ryujinx that did not already exist? ]

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+name: Feature Request
+description: Suggest a new feature for Ryujinx.
+title: "[Feature Request]"
+body:
+  - type: textarea
+    id: overview
+    attributes:
+      label: Overview
+      description: Include the basic, high-level concepts for this feature here.
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: details
+    attributes:
+      label: Smaller details
+      description: These may include specific methods of implementation etc.
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: request
+    attributes:
+      label: Nature of request
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: feature
+    attributes:
+      label: Why would this feature be useful?
+    validations:
+      required: true

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/missing_cpu_instruction.md

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Missing CPU Instruction
-about: CPU Instruction is missing in Ryujinx.
-#assignees:
----
-
-## Missing CPU Instruction
-
-[ If any section does not apply, replace its contents with "N/A". ]</br>
-[ If you do not have the information needed for a section, replace its contents with "Unknown". ]</br>
-[ Lines between [ ] (square brackets) are to be removed before posting. ]
-
-[ Please search for existing [missing CPU instruction](https://github.com/Ryujinx/Ryujinx/issues) before you make your own issue. ]</br>
-[ See the following [issue](https://github.com/Ryujinx/Ryujinx/issues/1405) as an example ]</br>
-[ Duplicate issue will be marked as such and you will be referred to the original request. ]
-
-### What CPU instruction is missing?
-
-Requires the *INSTRUCTION* instruction.</br>
-[ Replace *INSTRUCTION* by the instruction name, e.g. VADDL.U16 ]
-
-```
-*
-```
-[ Add the undefined instruction error message in the above code block ]
-
-### Instruction name
-```
-*
-```
-[ Include the name from [armconverter.com](https://armconverter.com/?disasm) or [shell-storm.org](http://shell-storm.org/online/Online-Assembler-and-Disassembler/?arch=arm64&endianness=big&dis_with_raw=True&dis_with_ins=True) in the above code block ]
-
-### Required by: 
-[ Add our (games list database)[https://github.com/Ryujinx/Ryujinx-Games-List/issues] links of games who require this instruction ]

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/missing_cpu_instruction.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+name: Missing CPU Instruction
+description: CPU Instruction is missing in Ryujinx.
+title: "[CPU]"
+labels: [cpu, not-implemented]
+body:
+  - type: textarea
+    id: instruction
+    attributes:
+      label: CPU instruction
+      description: What CPU instruction is missing?
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: name
+    attributes:
+      label: Instruction name
+      description: Include the name from [armconverter.com](https://armconverter.com/?disasm) or [shell-storm.org](http://shell-storm.org/online/Online-Assembler-and-Disassembler/?arch=arm64&endianness=big&dis_with_raw=True&dis_with_ins=True) in the above code block
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: required
+    attributes:
+      label: Required by
+      description: Add links to the [compatibility list page(s)](https://github.com/Ryujinx/Ryujinx-Games-List/issues) of the game(s) that require this instruction.
+    validations:
+      required: true

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/missing_service_call.md

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Missing Service Call
-about: Service call is missing in Ryujinx.
-#assignees:
----
-
-## Missing Service Call
-
-[ If any section does not apply, replace its contents with "N/A". ]</br>
-[ If you do not have the information needed for a section, replace its contents with "Unknown". ]</br>
-[ Lines between [ ] (square brackets) are to be removed before posting. ]
-
-[ Please search for existing [missing service call](https://github.com/Ryujinx/Ryujinx/issues) before you make your own issue. ]</br>
-[ See the following [issue](https://github.com/Ryujinx/Ryujinx/issues/1431) as an example ]</br>
-[ Duplicate issue will be marked as such and you will be referred to the original request. ]
-
-### What service call is missing?
-
-*SERVICE* *INTERFACE*: *NUMBER* (*NAME*) is not implemented.</br>
-[ Replace *SERVICE* by the service name, e.g. appletAE ]</br>
-[ Replace *INTERFACE* by the interface name, e.g. IAllSystemAppletProxiesService ]</br>
-[ Replace *NUMBER* by the call number, e.g. 100 ]</br>
-[ Replace *NAME* by the call name, e.g. OpenSystemAppletProxy ]</br>
-[ e.g. appletAE IAllSystemAppletProxiesService: 100 (OpenSystemAppletProxy) ]
-
-[ Add related links to the specific call from [Switchbrew](https://switchbrew.org/w/index.php?title=Services_API) and/or [SwIPC](https://reswitched.github.io/SwIPC/) ]
-
-### Service description
-```
-*
-```
-[ Include the description/explanation from [Switchbrew](https://switchbrew.org/w/index.php?title=Services_API) and/or [SwIPC](https://reswitched.github.io/SwIPC/) in the above code block ]
-
-### Required by: 
-[ Add our (games list database)[https://github.com/Ryujinx/Ryujinx-Games-List/issues] links of games who require this call ]

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/missing_service_call.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+name: Missing Service Call
+description: Service call is missing in Ryujinx.
+labels: not-implemented
+body:
+  - type: textarea
+    id: instruction
+    attributes:
+      label: Service call
+      description: What service call is missing?
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: name
+    attributes:
+      label: Service description
+      description: Include the description/explanation from [Switchbrew](https://switchbrew.org/w/index.php?title=Services_API) and/or [SwIPC](https://reswitched.github.io/SwIPC/) in the above code block
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: required
+    attributes:
+      label: Required by
+      description:  Add links to the [compatibility list page(s)](https://github.com/Ryujinx/Ryujinx-Games-List/issues) of the game(s) that require this service.
+    validations:
+      required: true

ARMeilleure/CodeGen/CompiledFunction.cs

@@ -48,9 +48,21 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.CodeGen
         /// <returns>A delegate of type <typeparamref name="T"/> pointing to the mapped function</returns>
         public T Map<T>()
         {
-            IntPtr codePtr = JitCache.Map(this);
+            return MapWithPointer<T>(out _);
+        }
 
-            return Marshal.GetDelegateForFunctionPointer<T>(codePtr);
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Maps the <see cref="CompiledFunction"/> onto the <see cref="JitCache"/> and returns a delegate of type
+        /// <typeparamref name="T"/> pointing to the mapped function.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">Type of delegate</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="codePointer">Pointer to the function code in memory</param>
+        /// <returns>A delegate of type <typeparamref name="T"/> pointing to the mapped function</returns>
+        public T MapWithPointer<T>(out IntPtr codePointer)
+        {
+            codePointer = JitCache.Map(this);
+
+            return Marshal.GetDelegateForFunctionPointer<T>(codePointer);
         }
     }
 }

ARMeilleure/Instructions/NativeInterface.cs

@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
         {
             TranslatedFunction function = Context.Translator.GetOrTranslate(address, GetContext().ExecutionMode);
 
-            return (ulong)function.FuncPtr.ToInt64();
+            return (ulong)function.FuncPointer.ToInt64();
         }
 
         public static void InvalidateCacheLine(ulong address)

ARMeilleure/Translation/PTC/Ptc.cs

@@ -745,9 +745,9 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
             bool highCq)
         {
             var cFunc = new CompiledFunction(code, unwindInfo, RelocInfo.Empty);
-            var gFunc = cFunc.Map<GuestFunction>();
+            var gFunc = cFunc.MapWithPointer<GuestFunction>(out IntPtr gFuncPointer);
 
-            return new TranslatedFunction(gFunc, callCounter, guestSize, highCq);
+            return new TranslatedFunction(gFunc, gFuncPointer, callCounter, guestSize, highCq);
         }
 
         private void UpdateInfo(InfoEntry infoEntry)

ARMeilleure/Translation/TranslatedFunction.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 using ARMeilleure.Common;
 using System;
-using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
 {
@@ -8,18 +7,18 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
     {
         private readonly GuestFunction _func; // Ensure that this delegate will not be garbage collected.
 
+        public IntPtr FuncPointer { get; }
         public Counter<uint> CallCounter { get; }
         public ulong GuestSize { get; }
         public bool HighCq { get; }
-        public IntPtr FuncPtr { get; }
 
-        public TranslatedFunction(GuestFunction func, Counter<uint> callCounter, ulong guestSize, bool highCq)
+        public TranslatedFunction(GuestFunction func, IntPtr funcPointer, Counter<uint> callCounter, ulong guestSize, bool highCq)
         {
             _func = func;
+            FuncPointer = funcPointer;
             CallCounter = callCounter;
             GuestSize = guestSize;
             HighCq = highCq;
-            FuncPtr = Marshal.GetFunctionPointerForDelegate(func);
         }
 
         public ulong Execute(State.ExecutionContext context)

ARMeilleure/Translation/Translator.cs

@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
 
                 if (oldFunc != func)
                 {
-                    JitCache.Unmap(func.FuncPtr);
+                    JitCache.Unmap(func.FuncPointer);
                     func = oldFunc;
                 }
 
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
         {
             if (FunctionTable.IsValid(guestAddress) && (Optimizations.AllowLcqInFunctionTable || func.HighCq))
             {
-                Volatile.Write(ref FunctionTable.GetValue(guestAddress), (ulong)func.FuncPtr);
+                Volatile.Write(ref FunctionTable.GetValue(guestAddress), (ulong)func.FuncPointer);
             }
         }
 
@@ -292,11 +292,11 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
                 _ptc.WriteCompiledFunction(address, funcSize, hash, highCq, compiledFunc);
             }
 
-            GuestFunction func = compiledFunc.Map<GuestFunction>();
+            GuestFunction func = compiledFunc.MapWithPointer<GuestFunction>(out IntPtr funcPointer);
 
             Allocators.ResetAll();
 
-            return new TranslatedFunction(func, counter, funcSize, highCq);
+            return new TranslatedFunction(func, funcPointer, counter, funcSize, highCq);
         }
 
         private void BackgroundTranslate()
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
 
             foreach (var func in functions)
             {
-                JitCache.Unmap(func.FuncPtr);
+                JitCache.Unmap(func.FuncPointer);
 
                 func.CallCounter?.Dispose();
             }
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
 
             while (_oldFuncs.TryDequeue(out var kv))
             {
-                JitCache.Unmap(kv.Value.FuncPtr);
+                JitCache.Unmap(kv.Value.FuncPointer);
 
                 kv.Value.CallCounter?.Dispose();
             }

Directory.Packages.props

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
     <PackageVersion Include="Ryujinx.GtkSharp" Version="3.24.24.59-ryujinx" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Ryujinx.SDL2-CS" Version="2.26.1-build23" />
     <PackageVersion Include="shaderc.net" Version="0.1.0" />
-    <PackageVersion Include="SharpZipLib" Version="1.4.1" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="SharpZipLib" Version="1.4.2" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan" Version="2.16.0" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT" Version="2.16.0" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR" Version="2.16.0" />
@@ -44,11 +44,12 @@
     <PackageVersion Include="SixLabors.ImageSharp.Drawing" Version="1.0.0-beta11" />
     <PackageVersion Include="SPB" Version="0.0.4-build28" />
     <PackageVersion Include="System.Drawing.Common" Version="7.0.0" />
-    <PackageVersion Include="System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt" Version="6.26.0" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt" Version="6.26.1" />
     <PackageVersion Include="System.IO.FileSystem.Primitives" Version="4.3.0" />
     <PackageVersion Include="System.Management" Version="7.0.0" />
     <PackageVersion Include="System.Net.NameResolution" Version="4.3.0" />
     <PackageVersion Include="System.Threading.ThreadPool" Version="4.3.0" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="UnicornEngine.Unicorn" Version="2.0.2-rc1-9c9356d" />
     <PackageVersion Include="XamlNameReferenceGenerator" Version="1.5.1" />
   </ItemGroup>
 </Project>

Ryujinx.Ava/AppHost.cs

@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ using Key = Ryujinx.Input.Key;
 using MouseButton = Ryujinx.Input.MouseButton;
 using Size = Avalonia.Size;
 using Switch = Ryujinx.HLE.Switch;
-using WindowState = Avalonia.Controls.WindowState;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Ava
 {
@@ -241,7 +240,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
                     {
                         DateTime currentTime = DateTime.Now;
                         string   filename    = $"ryujinx_capture_{currentTime.Year}-{currentTime.Month:D2}-{currentTime.Day:D2}_{currentTime.Hour:D2}-{currentTime.Minute:D2}-{currentTime.Second:D2}.png";
-                        
+
                         string directory = AppDataManager.Mode switch
                         {
                             AppDataManager.LaunchMode.Portable => Path.Combine(AppDataManager.BaseDirPath, "screenshots"),
@@ -678,7 +677,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
                                                      ConfigurationState.Instance.System.MemoryManagerMode,
                                                      ConfigurationState.Instance.System.IgnoreMissingServices,
                                                      ConfigurationState.Instance.Graphics.AspectRatio,
-                                                     ConfigurationState.Instance.System.AudioVolume);
+                                                     ConfigurationState.Instance.System.AudioVolume,
+                                                     ConfigurationState.Instance.System.UseHypervisor);
 
             Device = new Switch(configuration);
         }
@@ -765,7 +765,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
             }
         }
 
-        private unsafe void RenderLoop()
+        private void RenderLoop()
         {
             Dispatcher.UIThread.InvokeAsync(() =>
             {
@@ -801,6 +801,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
                 Device.Gpu.InitializeShaderCache(_gpuCancellationTokenSource.Token);
                 Translator.IsReadyForTranslation.Set();
 
+                _renderer.Window.ChangeVSyncMode(Device.EnableDeviceVsync);
+
                 while (_isActive)
                 {
                     _ticks += _chrono.ElapsedTicks;
@@ -839,7 +841,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
         {
             // Run a status update only when a frame is to be drawn. This prevents from updating the ui and wasting a render when no frame is queued.
             string dockedMode = ConfigurationState.Instance.System.EnableDockedMode ? LocaleManager.Instance[LocaleKeys.Docked] : LocaleManager.Instance[LocaleKeys.Handheld];
-            
+
             if (GraphicsConfig.ResScale != 1)
             {
                 dockedMode += $" ({GraphicsConfig.ResScale}x)";

Ryujinx.Ava/Assets/Locales/en_US.json

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
   "SettingsTabSystemMemoryManagerModeSoftware": "Software",
   "SettingsTabSystemMemoryManagerModeHost": "Host (fast)",
   "SettingsTabSystemMemoryManagerModeHostUnchecked": "Host Unchecked (fastest, unsafe)",
+  "SettingsTabSystemUseHypervisor": "Use Hypervisor",
   "MenuBarFile": "_File",
   "MenuBarFileOpenFromFile": "_Load Application From File",
   "MenuBarFileOpenUnpacked": "Load _Unpacked Game",
@@ -457,6 +458,7 @@
   "MemoryManagerSoftwareTooltip": "Use a software page table for address translation. Highest accuracy but slowest performance.",
   "MemoryManagerHostTooltip": "Directly map memory in the host address space. Much faster JIT compilation and execution.",
   "MemoryManagerUnsafeTooltip": "Directly map memory, but do not mask the address within the guest address space before access. Faster, but at the cost of safety. The guest application can access memory from anywhere in Ryujinx, so only run programs you trust with this mode.",
+  "UseHypervisorTooltip": "Use Hypervisor instead of JIT. Greatly improves performance when available, but can be unstable in its current state.",
   "DRamTooltip": "Utilizes an alternative MemoryMode layout to mimic a Switch development model.\n\nThis is only useful for higher-resolution texture packs or 4k resolution mods. Does NOT improve performance.\n\nLeave OFF if unsure.",
   "IgnoreMissingServicesTooltip": "Ignores unimplemented Horizon OS services. This may help in bypassing crashes when booting certain games.\n\nLeave OFF if unsure.",
   "GraphicsBackendThreadingTooltip": "Executes graphics backend commands on a second thread.\n\nSpeeds up shader compilation, reduces stuttering, and improves performance on GPU drivers without multithreading support of their own. Slightly better performance on drivers with multithreading.\n\nSet to AUTO if unsure.",
@@ -507,7 +509,7 @@
   "SettingsTabNetwork": "Network",
   "SettingsTabNetworkConnection": "Network Connection",
   "SettingsTabCpuCache": "CPU Cache",
-  "SettingsTabCpuMemory": "CPU Memory",
+  "SettingsTabCpuMemory": "CPU Mode",
   "DialogUpdaterFlatpakNotSupportedMessage": "Please update Ryujinx via FlatHub.",
   "UpdaterDisabledWarningTitle": "Updater Disabled!",
   "GameListContextMenuOpenSdModsDirectory": "Open Atmosphere Mods Directory",

Ryujinx.Ava/Modules/Updater/Updater.cs

@@ -132,8 +132,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Modules
                     }
                 }
 
-                // If build not done, assume no new update are availaible.
-                if (_buildUrl == null)
+                // If build not done, assume no new update are available.
+                if (_buildUrl is null)
                 {
                     if (showVersionUpToDate)
                     {
@@ -240,13 +240,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Modules
         {
             HttpClient result = new();
 
-            // Required by GitHub to interract with APIs.
+            // Required by GitHub to interact with APIs.
             result.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("User-Agent", "Ryujinx-Updater/1.0.0");
 
             return result;
         }
 
-        public static async void UpdateRyujinx(Window parent, string downloadUrl)
+        private static async void UpdateRyujinx(Window parent, string downloadUrl)
         {
             _updateSuccessful = false;
 
@@ -300,8 +300,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Modules
                         ryuExe = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, OperatingSystem.IsWindows() ? "Ryujinx.exe" : "Ryujinx");
                     }
 
-                    SetFileExecutable(ryuExe);
-
                     Process.Start(ryuExe, CommandLineState.Arguments);
 
                     Environment.Exit(0);
@@ -408,9 +406,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Modules
                     Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Application, ex.Message);
                     Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Application, "Multi-Threaded update failed, falling back to single-threaded updater.");
 
-                    for (int j = 0; j < webClients.Count; j++)
+                    foreach (WebClient webClient in webClients)
                     {
-                        webClients[j].CancelAsync();
+                        webClient.CancelAsync();
                     }
 
                     DoUpdateWithSingleThread(taskDialog, downloadUrl, updateFile);
@@ -472,22 +470,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Modules
             worker.Start();
         }
 
-        private static void SetFileExecutable(string path)
-        {
-            const UnixFileMode ExecutableFileMode = UnixFileMode.UserExecute |
-                                                    UnixFileMode.UserWrite |
-                                                    UnixFileMode.UserRead |
-                                                    UnixFileMode.GroupRead |
-                                                    UnixFileMode.GroupWrite |
-                                                    UnixFileMode.OtherRead |
-                                                    UnixFileMode.OtherWrite;
-
-            if (!OperatingSystem.IsWindows() && File.Exists(path))
-            {
-                File.SetUnixFileMode(path, ExecutableFileMode);
-            }
-        }
-
         private static async void InstallUpdate(TaskDialog taskDialog, string updateFile)
         {
             // Extract Update
@@ -503,27 +485,30 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Modules
                 await Task.Run(() =>
                 {
                     TarEntry tarEntry;
-                    while ((tarEntry = tarStream.GetNextEntry()) != null)
+
+                    if (!OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
                     {
-                        if (tarEntry.IsDirectory) continue;
-
-                        string outPath = Path.Combine(UpdateDir, tarEntry.Name);
-
-                        Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.GetDirectoryName(outPath));
-
-                        using (FileStream outStream = File.OpenWrite(outPath))
+                        while ((tarEntry = tarStream.GetNextEntry()) is not null)
                         {
-                            tarStream.CopyEntryContents(outStream);
+                            if (tarEntry.IsDirectory) continue;
+
+                            string outPath = Path.Combine(UpdateDir, tarEntry.Name);
+
+                            Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.GetDirectoryName(outPath));
+
+                            using (FileStream outStream = File.OpenWrite(outPath))
+                            {
+                                tarStream.CopyEntryContents(outStream);
+                            }
+
+                            File.SetUnixFileMode(outPath, (UnixFileMode)tarEntry.TarHeader.Mode);
+                            File.SetLastWriteTime(outPath, DateTime.SpecifyKind(tarEntry.ModTime, DateTimeKind.Utc));
+
+                            Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(() =>
+                            {
+                                taskDialog.SetProgressBarState(GetPercentage(tarEntry.Size, inStream.Length), TaskDialogProgressState.Normal);
+                            });
                         }
-
-                        File.SetLastWriteTime(outPath, DateTime.SpecifyKind(tarEntry.ModTime, DateTimeKind.Utc));
-
-                        TarEntry entry = tarEntry;
-
-                        Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(() =>
-                        {
-                            taskDialog.SetProgressBarState(GetPercentage(entry.Size, inStream.Length), TaskDialogProgressState.Normal);
-                        });
                     }
                 });
 
@@ -603,8 +588,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Modules
 
             Directory.Delete(UpdateDir, true);
 
-            SetFileExecutable(Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "Ryujinx"));
-
             _updateSuccessful = true;
 
             taskDialog.Hide();

Ryujinx.Ava/Ryujinx.Ava.csproj

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <PropertyGroup>
     <TargetFramework>net7.0</TargetFramework>
     <RuntimeIdentifiers>win10-x64;osx-x64;linux-x64</RuntimeIdentifiers>
@@ -6,11 +6,16 @@
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
     <Version>1.0.0-dirty</Version>
     <DefineConstants Condition=" '$(ExtraDefineConstants)' != '' ">$(DefineConstants);$(ExtraDefineConstants)</DefineConstants>
+    <SigningCertificate Condition=" '$(SigningCertificate)' == '' ">-</SigningCertificate>
     <RootNamespace>Ryujinx.Ava</RootNamespace>
     <ApplicationIcon>Ryujinx.ico</ApplicationIcon>
     <TieredPGO>true</TieredPGO>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
+  <Target Name="PostBuild" AfterTargets="PostBuildEvent" Condition="$([MSBuild]::IsOSPlatform('OSX'))">
+    <Exec Command="codesign --entitlements $(ProjectDir)..\distribution\macos\entitlements.xml -f --deep -s $(SigningCertificate) $(TargetDir)$(TargetName)" />
+  </Target>
+
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(RuntimeIdentifier)' != ''">
     <PublishSingleFile>true</PublishSingleFile>
     <PublishTrimmed>true</PublishTrimmed>

Ryujinx.Ava/UI/Helpers/MetalHelper.cs

@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Runtime.Versioning;
-using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
-using Avalonia;
-
-namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Helpers
-{
-    public delegate void UpdateBoundsCallbackDelegate(Rect rect);
-
-    [SupportedOSPlatform("macos")]
-    static partial class MetalHelper
-    {
-        private const string LibObjCImport = "/usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib";
-
-        private struct Selector
-        {
-            public readonly IntPtr NativePtr;
-
-            public unsafe Selector(string value)
-            {
-                int size = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetMaxByteCount(value.Length);
-                byte* data = stackalloc byte[size];
-
-                fixed (char* pValue = value)
-                {
-                    System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(pValue, value.Length, data, size);
-                }
-
-                NativePtr = sel_registerName(data);
-            }
-
-            public static implicit operator Selector(string value) => new Selector(value);
-        }
-
-        private static unsafe IntPtr GetClass(string value)
-        {
-            int size = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetMaxByteCount(value.Length);
-            byte* data = stackalloc byte[size];
-
-            fixed (char* pValue = value)
-            {
-                System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(pValue, value.Length, data, size);
-            }
-
-            return objc_getClass(data);
-        }
-
-        private struct NSPoint
-        {
-            public double X;
-            public double Y;
-
-            public NSPoint(double x, double y)
-            {
-                X = x;
-                Y = y;
-            }
-        }
-
-        private struct NSRect
-        {
-            public NSPoint Pos;
-            public NSPoint Size;
-
-            public NSRect(double x, double y, double width, double height)
-            {
-                Pos = new NSPoint(x, y);
-                Size = new NSPoint(width, height);
-            }
-        }
-
-        public static IntPtr GetMetalLayer(out IntPtr nsView, out UpdateBoundsCallbackDelegate updateBounds)
-        {
-            // Create a new CAMetalLayer.
-            IntPtr layerClass = GetClass("CAMetalLayer");
-            IntPtr metalLayer = IntPtr_objc_msgSend(layerClass, "alloc");
-            objc_msgSend(metalLayer, "init");
-
-            // Create a child NSView to render into.
-            IntPtr nsViewClass = GetClass("NSView");
-            IntPtr child = IntPtr_objc_msgSend(nsViewClass, "alloc");
-            objc_msgSend(child, "init", new NSRect(0, 0, 0, 0));
-
-            // Make its renderer our metal layer.
-            objc_msgSend(child, "setWantsLayer:", (byte)1);
-            objc_msgSend(child, "setLayer:", metalLayer);
-            objc_msgSend(metalLayer, "setContentsScale:", Program.DesktopScaleFactor);
-
-            // Ensure the scale factor is up to date.
-            updateBounds = (Rect rect) => {
-                objc_msgSend(metalLayer, "setContentsScale:", Program.DesktopScaleFactor);
-            };
-
-            nsView = child;
-            return metalLayer;
-        }
-
-        public static void DestroyMetalLayer(IntPtr nsView, IntPtr metalLayer)
-        {
-            // TODO
-        }
-
-        [LibraryImport(LibObjCImport)]
-        private static unsafe partial IntPtr sel_registerName(byte* data);
-
-        [LibraryImport(LibObjCImport)]
-        private static unsafe partial IntPtr objc_getClass(byte* data);
-
-        [LibraryImport(LibObjCImport)]
-        private static partial void objc_msgSend(IntPtr receiver, Selector selector);
-
-        [LibraryImport(LibObjCImport)]
-        private static partial void objc_msgSend(IntPtr receiver, Selector selector, byte value);
-
-        [LibraryImport(LibObjCImport)]
-        private static partial void objc_msgSend(IntPtr receiver, Selector selector, IntPtr value);
-
-        [LibraryImport(LibObjCImport)]
-        private static partial void objc_msgSend(IntPtr receiver, Selector selector, NSRect point);
-
-        [LibraryImport(LibObjCImport)]
-        private static partial void objc_msgSend(IntPtr receiver, Selector selector, double value);
-
-        [LibraryImport(LibObjCImport, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-        private static partial IntPtr IntPtr_objc_msgSend(IntPtr receiver, Selector selector);
-    }
-}

Ryujinx.Ava/UI/Renderer/EmbeddedWindow.cs

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ using Avalonia;
 using Avalonia.Controls;
 using Avalonia.Input;
 using Avalonia.Platform;
-using Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Helpers;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration;
 using Ryujinx.Ui.Common.Configuration;
+using Ryujinx.Ui.Common.Helper;
 using SPB.Graphics;
 using SPB.Platform;
 using SPB.Platform.GLX;
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Renderer
         protected IntPtr NsView       { get; set; }
         protected IntPtr MetalLayer   { get; set; }
 
+        public delegate void UpdateBoundsCallbackDelegate(Rect rect);
         private UpdateBoundsCallbackDelegate _updateBoundsCallback;
 
         public event EventHandler<IntPtr> WindowCreated;
@@ -237,8 +238,29 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Renderer
         [SupportedOSPlatform("macos")]
         IPlatformHandle CreateMacOS()
         {
-            MetalLayer = MetalHelper.GetMetalLayer(out IntPtr nsView, out _updateBoundsCallback);
+            // Create a new CAMetalLayer.
+            IntPtr layerClass = ObjectiveC.objc_getClass("CAMetalLayer");
+            IntPtr metalLayer = ObjectiveC.IntPtr_objc_msgSend(layerClass, "alloc");
+            ObjectiveC.objc_msgSend(metalLayer, "init");
 
+            // Create a child NSView to render into.
+            IntPtr nsViewClass = ObjectiveC.objc_getClass("NSView");
+            IntPtr child = ObjectiveC.IntPtr_objc_msgSend(nsViewClass, "alloc");
+            ObjectiveC.objc_msgSend(child, "init", new ObjectiveC.NSRect(0, 0, 0, 0));
+
+            // Make its renderer our metal layer.
+            ObjectiveC.objc_msgSend(child, "setWantsLayer:", 1);
+            ObjectiveC.objc_msgSend(child, "setLayer:", metalLayer);
+            ObjectiveC.objc_msgSend(metalLayer, "setContentsScale:", Program.DesktopScaleFactor);
+
+            // Ensure the scale factor is up to date.
+            _updateBoundsCallback = rect =>
+            {
+                ObjectiveC.objc_msgSend(metalLayer, "setContentsScale:", Program.DesktopScaleFactor);
+            };
+
+            IntPtr nsView = child;
+            MetalLayer = metalLayer;
             NsView = nsView;
 
             return new PlatformHandle(nsView, "NSView");
@@ -260,7 +282,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Renderer
         [SupportedOSPlatform("macos")]
         void DestroyMacOS()
         {
-            MetalHelper.DestroyMetalLayer(NsView, MetalLayer);
+            // TODO
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Ava/UI/ViewModels/SettingsViewModel.cs

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
 using System.Linq;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using TimeZone = Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Models.TimeZone;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
                 OnPropertyChanged(nameof(IsCustomResolutionScaleActive));
             }
         }
+
         public int GraphicsBackendMultithreadingIndex
         {
             get => _graphicsBackendMultithreadingIndex;
@@ -106,6 +108,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
 
         public bool IsOpenGLAvailable => !OperatingSystem.IsMacOS();
 
+        public bool IsHypervisorAvailable => OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() && RuntimeInformation.ProcessArchitecture == Architecture.Arm64;
+
         public bool DirectoryChanged
         {
             get => _directoryChanged;
@@ -117,10 +121,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
             }
         }
 
-        public bool IsMacOS
-        {
-            get => OperatingSystem.IsMacOS();
-        }
+        public bool IsMacOS => OperatingSystem.IsMacOS();
 
         public bool EnableDiscordIntegration { get; set; }
         public bool CheckUpdatesOnStart { get; set; }
@@ -153,6 +154,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
         public bool EnableCustomTheme { get; set; }
         public bool IsCustomResolutionScaleActive => _resolutionScale == 4;
         public bool IsVulkanSelected => GraphicsBackendIndex == 0;
+        public bool UseHypervisor { get; set; }
 
         public string TimeZone { get; set; }
         public string ShaderDumpPath { get; set; }
@@ -349,6 +351,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
             // CPU
             EnablePptc = config.System.EnablePtc;
             MemoryMode = (int)config.System.MemoryManagerMode.Value;
+            UseHypervisor = config.System.UseHypervisor;
 
             // Graphics
             GraphicsBackendIndex = (int)config.Graphics.GraphicsBackend.Value;
@@ -369,7 +372,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
 
             // Network
             EnableInternetAccess = config.System.EnableInternetAccess;
-            
+
             // Logging
             EnableFileLog = config.Logger.EnableFileLog;
             EnableStub = config.Logger.EnableStub;
@@ -432,6 +435,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
             // CPU
             config.System.EnablePtc.Value = EnablePptc;
             config.System.MemoryManagerMode.Value = (MemoryManagerMode)MemoryMode;
+            config.System.UseHypervisor.Value = UseHypervisor;
 
             // Graphics
             config.Graphics.GraphicsBackend.Value = (GraphicsBackend)GraphicsBackendIndex;

Ryujinx.Ava/UI/Views/Settings/SettingsCPUView.axaml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<UserControl 
+<UserControl
     x:Class="Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Views.Settings.SettingsCPUView"
     xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
     xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
@@ -65,8 +65,14 @@
                             </ComboBoxItem>
                         </ComboBox>
                     </StackPanel>
+                    <CheckBox IsChecked="{Binding UseHypervisor}"
+                              IsVisible="{Binding IsHypervisorAvailable}"
+                              ToolTip.Tip="{locale:Locale UseHypervisorTooltip}">
+                        <TextBlock Text="{locale:Locale SettingsTabSystemUseHypervisor}"
+                                   ToolTip.Tip="{locale:Locale UseHypervisorTooltip}" />
+                    </CheckBox>
                 </StackPanel>
             </StackPanel>
         </Border>
     </ScrollViewer>
-</UserControl>
+</UserControl>

Ryujinx.Cpu/AppleHv/Arm/ApFlags.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.AppleHv.Arm
+{
+    enum ApFlags : ulong
+    {
+        ApShift = 6,
+        PxnShift = 53,
+        UxnShift = 54,
+
+        UserExecuteKernelReadWriteExecute = (0UL << (int)ApShift),
+        UserReadWriteExecuteKernelReadWrite = (1UL << (int)ApShift),
+        UserExecuteKernelReadExecute = (2UL << (int)ApShift),
+        UserReadExecuteKernelReadExecute = (3UL << (int)ApShift),
+
+        UserExecuteKernelReadWrite = (1UL << (int)PxnShift) | (0UL << (int)ApShift),
+        UserExecuteKernelRead = (1UL << (int)PxnShift) | (2UL << (int)ApShift),
+        UserReadExecuteKernelRead = (1UL << (int)PxnShift) | (3UL << (int)ApShift),
+
+        UserNoneKernelReadWriteExecute = (1UL << (int)UxnShift) | (0UL << (int)ApShift),
+        UserReadWriteKernelReadWrite = (1UL << (int)UxnShift) | (1UL << (int)ApShift),
+        UserNoneKernelReadExecute = (1UL << (int)UxnShift) | (2UL << (int)ApShift),
+        UserReadKernelReadExecute = (1UL << (int)UxnShift) | (3UL << (int)ApShift),
+
+        UserNoneKernelReadWrite = (1UL << (int)PxnShift) | (1UL << (int)UxnShift) | (0UL << (int)ApShift),
+        UserNoneKernelRead = (1UL << (int)PxnShift) | (1UL << (int)UxnShift) | (2UL << (int)ApShift),
+        UserReadKernelRead = (1UL << (int)PxnShift) | (1UL << (int)UxnShift) | (3UL << (int)ApShift)
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/AppleHv/Arm/ExceptionClass.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.AppleHv.Arm
+{
+    enum ExceptionClass
+    {
+        Unknown = 0b000000,
+        TrappedWfeWfiWfetWfit = 0b000001,
+        TrappedMcrMrcCp15 = 0b000011,
+        TrappedMcrrMrrcCp15 = 0b000100,
+        TrappedMcrMrcCp14 = 0b000101,
+        TrappedLdcStc = 0b000110,
+        TrappedSveFpSimd = 0b000111,
+        TrappedVmrs = 0b001000,
+        TrappedPAuth = 0b001001,
+        TrappedLd64bSt64bSt64bvSt64bv0 = 0b001010,
+        TrappedMrrcCp14 = 0b001100,
+        IllegalExecutionState = 0b001110,
+        SvcAarch32 = 0b010001,
+        HvcAarch32 = 0b010010,
+        SmcAarch32 = 0b010011,
+        SvcAarch64 = 0b010101,
+        HvcAarch64 = 0b010110,
+        SmcAarch64 = 0b010111,
+        TrappedMsrMrsSystem = 0b011000,
+        TrappedSve = 0b011001,
+        TrappedEretEretaaEretab = 0b011010,
+        PointerAuthenticationFailure = 0b011100,
+        ImplementationDefinedEl3 = 0b011111,
+        InstructionAbortLowerEl = 0b100000,
+        InstructionAbortSameEl = 0b100001,
+        PcAlignmentFault = 0b100010,
+        DataAbortLowerEl = 0b100100,
+        DataAbortSameEl = 0b100101,
+        SpAlignmentFault = 0b100110,
+        TrappedFpExceptionAarch32 = 0b101000,
+        TrappedFpExceptionAarch64 = 0b101100,
+        SErrorInterrupt = 0b101111,
+        BreakpointLowerEl = 0b110000,
+        BreakpointSameEl = 0b110001,
+        SoftwareStepLowerEl = 0b110010,
+        SoftwareStepSameEl = 0b110011,
+        WatchpointLowerEl = 0b110100,
+        WatchpointSameEl = 0b110101,
+        BkptAarch32 = 0b111000,
+        VectorCatchAarch32 = 0b111010,
+        BrkAarch64 = 0b111100
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/AppleHv/DummyDiskCacheLoadState.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+using System;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.AppleHv
+{
+    public class DummyDiskCacheLoadState : IDiskCacheLoadState
+    {
+#pragma warning disable CS0067
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public event Action<LoadState, int, int> StateChanged;
+#pragma warning restore CS0067
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void Cancel()
+        {
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/AppleHv/HvAddressSpace.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+using Ryujinx.Cpu.AppleHv.Arm;
+using Ryujinx.Memory;
+using System;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.AppleHv
+{
+    class HvAddressSpace : IDisposable
+    {
+        private const ulong KernelRegionBase = unchecked((ulong)-(1L << 39));
+        private const ulong KernelRegionCodeOffset = 0UL;
+        private const ulong KernelRegionCodeSize = 0x2000UL;
+        private const ulong KernelRegionTlbiEretOffset = KernelRegionCodeOffset + 0x1000UL;
+        private const ulong KernelRegionEretOffset = KernelRegionTlbiEretOffset + 4UL;
+
+        public const ulong KernelRegionEretAddress = KernelRegionBase + KernelRegionEretOffset;
+        public const ulong KernelRegionTlbiEretAddress = KernelRegionBase + KernelRegionTlbiEretOffset;
+
+        private const ulong AllocationGranule = 1UL << 14;
+
+        private readonly ulong _asBase;
+        private readonly ulong _asSize;
+        private readonly ulong _backingSize;
+
+        private readonly HvAddressSpaceRange _userRange;
+        private readonly HvAddressSpaceRange _kernelRange;
+
+        private MemoryBlock _kernelCodeBlock;
+
+        public HvAddressSpace(MemoryBlock backingMemory, ulong asSize)
+        {
+            (_asBase, var ipaAllocator) = HvVm.CreateAddressSpace(backingMemory);
+            _asSize = asSize;
+            _backingSize = backingMemory.Size;
+
+            _userRange = new HvAddressSpaceRange(ipaAllocator);
+            _kernelRange = new HvAddressSpaceRange(ipaAllocator);
+
+            _kernelCodeBlock = new MemoryBlock(AllocationGranule);
+
+            InitializeKernelCode(ipaAllocator);
+        }
+
+        private void InitializeKernelCode(HvIpaAllocator ipaAllocator)
+        {
+            // Write exception handlers.
+            for (ulong offset = 0; offset < 0x800; offset += 0x80)
+            {
+                // Offsets:
+                // 0x0: Synchronous
+                // 0x80: IRQ
+                // 0x100: FIQ
+                // 0x180: SError
+                _kernelCodeBlock.Write(KernelRegionCodeOffset + offset, 0xD41FFFE2u); // HVC #0xFFFF
+                _kernelCodeBlock.Write(KernelRegionCodeOffset + offset + 4, 0xD69F03E0u); // ERET
+            }
+
+            _kernelCodeBlock.Write(KernelRegionTlbiEretOffset, 0xD508831Fu); // TLBI VMALLE1IS
+            _kernelCodeBlock.Write(KernelRegionEretOffset, 0xD69F03E0u); // ERET
+
+            ulong kernelCodePa = ipaAllocator.Allocate(AllocationGranule);
+            HvApi.hv_vm_map((ulong)_kernelCodeBlock.Pointer, kernelCodePa, AllocationGranule, hv_memory_flags_t.HV_MEMORY_READ | hv_memory_flags_t.HV_MEMORY_EXEC).ThrowOnError();
+
+            _kernelRange.Map(KernelRegionCodeOffset, kernelCodePa, KernelRegionCodeSize, ApFlags.UserNoneKernelReadExecute);
+        }
+
+        public void InitializeMmu(ulong vcpu)
+        {
+            HvApi.hv_vcpu_set_sys_reg(vcpu, hv_sys_reg_t.HV_SYS_REG_VBAR_EL1, KernelRegionBase + KernelRegionCodeOffset);
+
+            HvApi.hv_vcpu_set_sys_reg(vcpu, hv_sys_reg_t.HV_SYS_REG_TTBR0_EL1, _userRange.GetIpaBase());
+            HvApi.hv_vcpu_set_sys_reg(vcpu, hv_sys_reg_t.HV_SYS_REG_TTBR1_EL1, _kernelRange.GetIpaBase());
+            HvApi.hv_vcpu_set_sys_reg(vcpu, hv_sys_reg_t.HV_SYS_REG_MAIR_EL1, 0xffUL);
+            HvApi.hv_vcpu_set_sys_reg(vcpu, hv_sys_reg_t.HV_SYS_REG_TCR_EL1, 0x00000011B5193519UL);
+            HvApi.hv_vcpu_set_sys_reg(vcpu, hv_sys_reg_t.HV_SYS_REG_SCTLR_EL1, 0x0000000034D5D925UL);
+        }
+
+        public bool GetAndClearUserTlbInvalidationPending()
+        {
+            return _userRange.GetAndClearTlbInvalidationPending();
+        }
+
+        public void MapUser(ulong va, ulong pa, ulong size, MemoryPermission permission)
+        {
+            pa += _asBase;
+
+            lock (_userRange)
+            {
+                _userRange.Map(va, pa, size, GetApFlags(permission));
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void UnmapUser(ulong va, ulong size)
+        {
+            lock (_userRange)
+            {
+                _userRange.Unmap(va, size);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void ReprotectUser(ulong va, ulong size, MemoryPermission permission)
+        {
+            lock (_userRange)
+            {
+                _userRange.Reprotect(va, size, GetApFlags(permission));
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static ApFlags GetApFlags(MemoryPermission permission)
+        {
+            return permission switch
+            {
+                MemoryPermission.None => ApFlags.UserNoneKernelRead,
+                MemoryPermission.Execute => ApFlags.UserExecuteKernelRead,
+                MemoryPermission.Read => ApFlags.UserReadKernelRead,
+                MemoryPermission.ReadAndWrite => ApFlags.UserReadWriteKernelReadWrite,
+                MemoryPermission.ReadAndExecute => ApFlags.UserReadExecuteKernelRead,
+                MemoryPermission.ReadWriteExecute => ApFlags.UserReadWriteExecuteKernelReadWrite,
+                _ => throw new ArgumentException($"Permission \"{permission}\" is invalid.")
+            };
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            _userRange.Dispose();
+            _kernelRange.Dispose();
+            HvVm.DestroyAddressSpace(_asBase, _backingSize);
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/AppleHv/HvAddressSpaceRange.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+using Ryujinx.Cpu.AppleHv.Arm;
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Threading;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.AppleHv
+{
+    class HvAddressSpaceRange : IDisposable
+    {
+        private const ulong AllocationGranule = 1UL << 14;
+
+        private const ulong AttributesMask = (0x3ffUL << 2) | (0x3fffUL << 50);
+
+        private const ulong BaseAttributes = (1UL << 10) | (3UL << 8); // Access flag set, inner shareable.
+
+        private const int LevelBits = 9;
+        private const int LevelCount = 1 << LevelBits;
+        private const int LevelMask = LevelCount - 1;
+        private const int PageBits = 12;
+        private const int PageSize = 1 << PageBits;
+        private const int PageMask = PageSize - 1;
+        private const int AllLevelsMask = PageMask | (LevelMask << PageBits) | (LevelMask << (PageBits + LevelBits));
+
+        private class PtLevel
+        {
+            public ulong Address => Allocation.Ipa + Allocation.Offset;
+            public int EntriesCount;
+            public readonly HvMemoryBlockAllocation Allocation;
+            public readonly PtLevel[] Next;
+
+            public PtLevel(HvMemoryBlockAllocator blockAllocator, int count, bool hasNext)
+            {
+                ulong size = (ulong)count * sizeof(ulong);
+                Allocation = blockAllocator.Allocate(size, PageSize);
+
+                AsSpan().Fill(0UL);
+
+                if (hasNext)
+                {
+                    Next = new PtLevel[count];
+                }
+            }
+
+            public unsafe Span<ulong> AsSpan()
+            {
+                return MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, ulong>(Allocation.Memory.GetSpan(Allocation.Offset, (int)Allocation.Size));
+            }
+        }
+
+        private PtLevel _level0;
+
+        private int _tlbInvalidationPending;
+
+        private readonly HvIpaAllocator _ipaAllocator;
+        private readonly HvMemoryBlockAllocator _blockAllocator;
+
+        public HvAddressSpaceRange(HvIpaAllocator ipaAllocator)
+        {
+            _ipaAllocator = ipaAllocator;
+            _blockAllocator = new HvMemoryBlockAllocator(ipaAllocator, (int)AllocationGranule);
+        }
+
+        public ulong GetIpaBase()
+        {
+            return EnsureLevel0().Address;
+        }
+
+        public bool GetAndClearTlbInvalidationPending()
+        {
+            return Interlocked.Exchange(ref _tlbInvalidationPending, 0) != 0;
+        }
+
+        public void Map(ulong va, ulong pa, ulong size, ApFlags accessPermission)
+        {
+            MapImpl(va, pa, size, (ulong)accessPermission | BaseAttributes);
+        }
+
+        public void Unmap(ulong va, ulong size)
+        {
+            UnmapImpl(EnsureLevel0(), 0, va, size);
+            Interlocked.Exchange(ref _tlbInvalidationPending, 1);
+        }
+
+        public void Reprotect(ulong va, ulong size, ApFlags accessPermission)
+        {
+            UpdateAttributes(va, size, (ulong)accessPermission | BaseAttributes);
+        }
+
+        private void MapImpl(ulong va, ulong pa, ulong size, ulong attr)
+        {
+            PtLevel level0 = EnsureLevel0();
+
+            ulong endVa = va + size;
+
+            while (va < endVa)
+            {
+                (ulong mapSize, int depth) = GetMapSizeAndDepth(va, pa, endVa);
+
+                PtLevel currentLevel = level0;
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < depth; i++)
+                {
+                    int l = (int)(va >> (PageBits + (2 - i) * LevelBits)) & LevelMask;
+                    EnsureTable(currentLevel, l, i == 0);
+                    currentLevel = currentLevel.Next[l];
+                }
+
+                (ulong blockSize, int blockShift) = GetBlockSizeAndShift(depth);
+
+                for (ulong i = 0; i < mapSize; i += blockSize)
+                {
+                    if ((va >> blockShift) << blockShift != va ||
+                        (pa >> blockShift) << blockShift != pa)
+                    {
+                        Debug.Fail($"Block size 0x{blockSize:X} (log2: {blockShift}) is invalid for VA 0x{va:X} or PA 0x{pa:X}.");
+                    }
+
+                    WriteBlock(currentLevel, (int)(va >> blockShift) & LevelMask, depth, pa, attr);
+
+                    va += blockSize;
+                    pa += blockSize;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void UnmapImpl(PtLevel level, int depth, ulong va, ulong size)
+        {
+            ulong endVa = (va + size + PageMask) & ~((ulong)PageMask);
+            va &= ~((ulong)PageMask);
+
+            (ulong blockSize, int blockShift) = GetBlockSizeAndShift(depth);
+
+            while (va < endVa)
+            {
+                ulong nextEntryVa = GetNextAddress(va, blockSize);
+                ulong chunckSize = Math.Min(endVa - va, nextEntryVa - va);
+
+                int l = (int)(va >> (PageBits + (2 - depth) * LevelBits)) & LevelMask;
+
+                PtLevel nextTable = level.Next != null ? level.Next[l] : null;
+
+                if (nextTable != null)
+                {
+                    // Entry is a table, visit it and update attributes as required.
+                    UnmapImpl(nextTable, depth + 1, va, chunckSize);
+                }
+                else if (chunckSize != blockSize)
+                {
+                    // Entry is a block but is not aligned, we need to turn it into a table.
+                    ref ulong pte = ref level.AsSpan()[l];
+                    nextTable = CreateTable(pte, depth + 1);
+                    level.Next[l] = nextTable;
+
+                    // Now that we have a table, we can handle it like the first case.
+                    UnmapImpl(nextTable, depth + 1, va, chunckSize);
+
+                    // Update PTE to point to the new table.
+                    pte = (nextTable.Address & ~(ulong)PageMask) | 3UL;
+                }
+
+                // If entry is a block, or if entry is a table but it is empty, we can remove it.
+                if (nextTable == null || nextTable.EntriesCount == 0)
+                {
+                    // Entry is a block and is fully aligned, so we can just set it to 0.
+                    if (nextTable != null)
+                    {
+                        nextTable.Allocation.Dispose();
+                        level.Next[l] = null;
+                    }
+
+                    level.AsSpan()[l] = 0UL;
+                    level.EntriesCount--;
+                    ValidateEntriesCount(level.EntriesCount);
+                }
+
+                va += chunckSize;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void UpdateAttributes(ulong va, ulong size, ulong newAttr)
+        {
+            UpdateAttributes(EnsureLevel0(), 0, va, size, newAttr);
+
+            Interlocked.Exchange(ref _tlbInvalidationPending, 1);
+        }
+
+        private void UpdateAttributes(PtLevel level, int depth, ulong va, ulong size, ulong newAttr)
+        {
+            ulong endVa = (va + size + PageSize - 1) & ~((ulong)PageSize - 1);
+            va &= ~((ulong)PageSize - 1);
+
+            (ulong blockSize, int blockShift) = GetBlockSizeAndShift(depth);
+
+            while (va < endVa)
+            {
+                ulong nextEntryVa = GetNextAddress(va, blockSize);
+                ulong chunckSize = Math.Min(endVa - va, nextEntryVa - va);
+
+                int l = (int)(va >> (PageBits + (2 - depth) * LevelBits)) & LevelMask;
+
+                ref ulong pte = ref level.AsSpan()[l];
+
+                // First check if the region is mapped.
+                if ((pte & 3) != 0)
+                {
+                    PtLevel nextTable = level.Next != null ? level.Next[l] : null;
+
+                    if (nextTable != null)
+                    {
+                        // Entry is a table, visit it and update attributes as required.
+                        UpdateAttributes(nextTable, depth + 1, va, chunckSize, newAttr);
+                    }
+                    else if (chunckSize != blockSize)
+                    {
+                        // Entry is a block but is not aligned, we need to turn it into a table.
+                        nextTable = CreateTable(pte, depth + 1);
+                        level.Next[l] = nextTable;
+
+                        // Now that we have a table, we can handle it like the first case.
+                        UpdateAttributes(nextTable, depth + 1, va, chunckSize, newAttr);
+
+                        // Update PTE to point to the new table.
+                        pte = (nextTable.Address & ~(ulong)PageMask) | 3UL;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // Entry is a block and is fully aligned, so we can just update the attributes.
+                        // Update PTE with the new attributes.
+                        pte = (pte & ~AttributesMask) | newAttr;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                va += chunckSize;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private PtLevel CreateTable(ulong pte, int depth)
+        {
+            pte &= ~3UL;
+            pte |= (depth == 2 ? 3UL : 1UL);
+
+            PtLevel level = new PtLevel(_blockAllocator, LevelCount, depth < 2);
+            Span<ulong> currentLevel = level.AsSpan();
+
+            (ulong blockSize, int blockShift) = GetBlockSizeAndShift(depth);
+
+            // Fill in the blocks.
+            for (int i = 0; i < LevelCount; i++)
+            {
+                ulong offset = (ulong)i << blockShift;
+                currentLevel[i] = pte + offset;
+            }
+
+            level.EntriesCount = LevelCount;
+
+            return level;
+        }
+
+        private static (ulong, int) GetBlockSizeAndShift(int depth)
+        {
+            int blockShift = PageBits + (2 - depth) * LevelBits;
+            ulong blockSize = 1UL << blockShift;
+
+            return (blockSize, blockShift);
+        }
+
+        private static (ulong, int) GetMapSizeAndDepth(ulong va, ulong pa, ulong endVa)
+        {
+            // Both virtual and physical addresses must be aligned to the block size.
+            ulong combinedAddress = va | pa;
+
+            ulong l0Alignment = 1UL << (PageBits + LevelBits * 2);
+            ulong l1Alignment = 1UL << (PageBits + LevelBits);
+
+            if ((combinedAddress & (l0Alignment - 1)) == 0 && AlignDown(endVa, l0Alignment) > va)
+            {
+                return (AlignDown(endVa, l0Alignment) - va, 0);
+            }
+            else if ((combinedAddress & (l1Alignment - 1)) == 0 && AlignDown(endVa, l1Alignment) > va)
+            {
+                ulong nextOrderVa = GetNextAddress(va, l0Alignment);
+
+                if (nextOrderVa <= endVa)
+                {
+                    return (nextOrderVa - va, 1);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    return (AlignDown(endVa, l1Alignment) - va, 1);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ulong nextOrderVa = GetNextAddress(va, l1Alignment);
+
+                if (nextOrderVa <= endVa)
+                {
+                    return (nextOrderVa - va, 2);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    return (endVa - va, 2);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static ulong AlignDown(ulong va, ulong alignment)
+        {
+            return va & ~(alignment - 1);
+        }
+
+        private static ulong GetNextAddress(ulong va, ulong alignment)
+        {
+            return (va + alignment) & ~(alignment - 1);
+        }
+
+        private PtLevel EnsureLevel0()
+        {
+            PtLevel level0 = _level0;
+
+            if (level0 == null)
+            {
+                level0 = new PtLevel(_blockAllocator, LevelCount, true);
+                _level0 = level0;
+            }
+
+            return level0;
+        }
+
+        private void EnsureTable(PtLevel level, int index, bool hasNext)
+        {
+            Span<ulong> currentTable = level.AsSpan();
+
+            if ((currentTable[index] & 1) == 0)
+            {
+                PtLevel nextLevel = new PtLevel(_blockAllocator, LevelCount, hasNext);
+
+                currentTable[index] = (nextLevel.Address & ~(ulong)PageMask) | 3UL;
+                level.Next[index] = nextLevel;
+                level.EntriesCount++;
+                ValidateEntriesCount(level.EntriesCount);
+            }
+            else if (level.Next[index] == null)
+            {
+                Debug.Fail($"Index {index} is block, expected a table.");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void WriteBlock(PtLevel level, int index, int depth, ulong pa, ulong attr)
+        {
+            Span<ulong> currentTable = level.AsSpan();
+
+            currentTable[index] = (pa & ~((ulong)AllLevelsMask >> (depth * LevelBits))) | (depth == 2 ? 3UL : 1UL) | attr;
+
+            level.EntriesCount++;
+            ValidateEntriesCount(level.EntriesCount);
+        }
+
+        private static void ValidateEntriesCount(int count)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(count >= 0 && count <= LevelCount, $"Entries count {count} is invalid.");
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            _blockAllocator.Dispose();
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/AppleHv/HvApi.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+using ARMeilleure.State;
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.AppleHv
+{
+    struct hv_vcpu_exit_exception_t
+    {
+#pragma warning disable CS0649
+        public ulong syndrome;
+        public ulong virtual_address;
+        public ulong physical_address;
+#pragma warning restore CS0649
+    }
+
+    struct hv_vcpu_exit_t
+    {
+#pragma warning disable CS0649
+        public uint reason;
+        public hv_vcpu_exit_exception_t exception;
+#pragma warning restore CS0649
+    }
+
+    enum hv_reg_t : uint
+    {
+        HV_REG_X0,
+        HV_REG_X1,
+        HV_REG_X2,
+        HV_REG_X3,
+        HV_REG_X4,
+        HV_REG_X5,
+        HV_REG_X6,
+        HV_REG_X7,
+        HV_REG_X8,
+        HV_REG_X9,
+        HV_REG_X10,
+        HV_REG_X11,
+        HV_REG_X12,
+        HV_REG_X13,
+        HV_REG_X14,
+        HV_REG_X15,
+        HV_REG_X16,
+        HV_REG_X17,
+        HV_REG_X18,
+        HV_REG_X19,
+        HV_REG_X20,
+        HV_REG_X21,
+        HV_REG_X22,
+        HV_REG_X23,
+        HV_REG_X24,
+        HV_REG_X25,
+        HV_REG_X26,
+        HV_REG_X27,
+        HV_REG_X28,
+        HV_REG_X29,
+        HV_REG_FP = HV_REG_X29,
+        HV_REG_X30,
+        HV_REG_LR = HV_REG_X30,
+        HV_REG_PC,
+        HV_REG_FPCR,
+        HV_REG_FPSR,
+        HV_REG_CPSR,
+    }
+
+    enum hv_simd_fp_reg_t : uint
+    {
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q0,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q1,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q2,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q3,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q4,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q5,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q6,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q7,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q8,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q9,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q10,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q11,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q12,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q13,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q14,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q15,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q16,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q17,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q18,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q19,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q20,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q21,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q22,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q23,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q24,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q25,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q26,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q27,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q28,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q29,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q30,
+        HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q31,
+    }
+
+    enum hv_sys_reg_t : ushort
+    {
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBVR0_EL1 = 0x8004,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBCR0_EL1 = 0x8005,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWVR0_EL1 = 0x8006,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWCR0_EL1 = 0x8007,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBVR1_EL1 = 0x800c,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBCR1_EL1 = 0x800d,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWVR1_EL1 = 0x800e,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWCR1_EL1 = 0x800f,
+        HV_SYS_REG_MDCCINT_EL1 = 0x8010,
+        HV_SYS_REG_MDSCR_EL1 = 0x8012,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBVR2_EL1 = 0x8014,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBCR2_EL1 = 0x8015,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWVR2_EL1 = 0x8016,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWCR2_EL1 = 0x8017,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBVR3_EL1 = 0x801c,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBCR3_EL1 = 0x801d,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWVR3_EL1 = 0x801e,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWCR3_EL1 = 0x801f,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBVR4_EL1 = 0x8024,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBCR4_EL1 = 0x8025,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWVR4_EL1 = 0x8026,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWCR4_EL1 = 0x8027,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBVR5_EL1 = 0x802c,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBCR5_EL1 = 0x802d,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWVR5_EL1 = 0x802e,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWCR5_EL1 = 0x802f,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBVR6_EL1 = 0x8034,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBCR6_EL1 = 0x8035,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWVR6_EL1 = 0x8036,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWCR6_EL1 = 0x8037,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBVR7_EL1 = 0x803c,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBCR7_EL1 = 0x803d,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWVR7_EL1 = 0x803e,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWCR7_EL1 = 0x803f,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBVR8_EL1 = 0x8044,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBCR8_EL1 = 0x8045,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWVR8_EL1 = 0x8046,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWCR8_EL1 = 0x8047,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBVR9_EL1 = 0x804c,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBCR9_EL1 = 0x804d,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWVR9_EL1 = 0x804e,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWCR9_EL1 = 0x804f,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBVR10_EL1 = 0x8054,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBCR10_EL1 = 0x8055,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWVR10_EL1 = 0x8056,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWCR10_EL1 = 0x8057,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBVR11_EL1 = 0x805c,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBCR11_EL1 = 0x805d,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWVR11_EL1 = 0x805e,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWCR11_EL1 = 0x805f,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBVR12_EL1 = 0x8064,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBCR12_EL1 = 0x8065,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWVR12_EL1 = 0x8066,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWCR12_EL1 = 0x8067,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBVR13_EL1 = 0x806c,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBCR13_EL1 = 0x806d,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWVR13_EL1 = 0x806e,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWCR13_EL1 = 0x806f,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBVR14_EL1 = 0x8074,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBCR14_EL1 = 0x8075,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWVR14_EL1 = 0x8076,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWCR14_EL1 = 0x8077,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBVR15_EL1 = 0x807c,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGBCR15_EL1 = 0x807d,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWVR15_EL1 = 0x807e,
+        HV_SYS_REG_DBGWCR15_EL1 = 0x807f,
+        HV_SYS_REG_MIDR_EL1 = 0xc000,
+        HV_SYS_REG_MPIDR_EL1 = 0xc005,
+        HV_SYS_REG_ID_AA64PFR0_EL1 = 0xc020,
+        HV_SYS_REG_ID_AA64PFR1_EL1 = 0xc021,
+        HV_SYS_REG_ID_AA64DFR0_EL1 = 0xc028,
+        HV_SYS_REG_ID_AA64DFR1_EL1 = 0xc029,
+        HV_SYS_REG_ID_AA64ISAR0_EL1 = 0xc030,
+        HV_SYS_REG_ID_AA64ISAR1_EL1 = 0xc031,
+        HV_SYS_REG_ID_AA64MMFR0_EL1 = 0xc038,
+        HV_SYS_REG_ID_AA64MMFR1_EL1 = 0xc039,
+        HV_SYS_REG_ID_AA64MMFR2_EL1 = 0xc03a,
+        HV_SYS_REG_SCTLR_EL1 = 0xc080,
+        HV_SYS_REG_CPACR_EL1 = 0xc082,
+        HV_SYS_REG_TTBR0_EL1 = 0xc100,
+        HV_SYS_REG_TTBR1_EL1 = 0xc101,
+        HV_SYS_REG_TCR_EL1 = 0xc102,
+        HV_SYS_REG_APIAKEYLO_EL1 = 0xc108,
+        HV_SYS_REG_APIAKEYHI_EL1 = 0xc109,
+        HV_SYS_REG_APIBKEYLO_EL1 = 0xc10a,
+        HV_SYS_REG_APIBKEYHI_EL1 = 0xc10b,
+        HV_SYS_REG_APDAKEYLO_EL1 = 0xc110,
+        HV_SYS_REG_APDAKEYHI_EL1 = 0xc111,
+        HV_SYS_REG_APDBKEYLO_EL1 = 0xc112,
+        HV_SYS_REG_APDBKEYHI_EL1 = 0xc113,
+        HV_SYS_REG_APGAKEYLO_EL1 = 0xc118,
+        HV_SYS_REG_APGAKEYHI_EL1 = 0xc119,
+        HV_SYS_REG_SPSR_EL1 = 0xc200,
+        HV_SYS_REG_ELR_EL1 = 0xc201,
+        HV_SYS_REG_SP_EL0 = 0xc208,
+        HV_SYS_REG_AFSR0_EL1 = 0xc288,
+        HV_SYS_REG_AFSR1_EL1 = 0xc289,
+        HV_SYS_REG_ESR_EL1 = 0xc290,
+        HV_SYS_REG_FAR_EL1 = 0xc300,
+        HV_SYS_REG_PAR_EL1 = 0xc3a0,
+        HV_SYS_REG_MAIR_EL1 = 0xc510,
+        HV_SYS_REG_AMAIR_EL1 = 0xc518,
+        HV_SYS_REG_VBAR_EL1 = 0xc600,
+        HV_SYS_REG_CONTEXTIDR_EL1 = 0xc681,
+        HV_SYS_REG_TPIDR_EL1 = 0xc684,
+        HV_SYS_REG_CNTKCTL_EL1 = 0xc708,
+        HV_SYS_REG_CSSELR_EL1 = 0xd000,
+        HV_SYS_REG_TPIDR_EL0 = 0xde82,
+        HV_SYS_REG_TPIDRRO_EL0 = 0xde83,
+        HV_SYS_REG_CNTV_CTL_EL0 = 0xdf19,
+        HV_SYS_REG_CNTV_CVAL_EL0 = 0xdf1a,
+        HV_SYS_REG_SP_EL1 = 0xe208,
+    }
+
+    enum hv_memory_flags_t : ulong
+    {
+        HV_MEMORY_READ = 1UL << 0,
+        HV_MEMORY_WRITE = 1UL << 1,
+        HV_MEMORY_EXEC = 1UL << 2
+    }
+
+    enum hv_result_t : uint
+    {
+        HV_SUCCESS = 0,
+        HV_ERROR = 0xfae94001,
+        HV_BUSY = 0xfae94002,
+        HV_BAD_ARGUMENT = 0xfae94003,
+        HV_NO_RESOURCES = 0xfae94005,
+        HV_NO_DEVICE = 0xfae94006,
+        HV_DENIED = 0xfae94007,
+        HV_UNSUPPORTED = 0xfae9400f
+    }
+
+    enum hv_interrupt_type_t : uint
+    {
+        HV_INTERRUPT_TYPE_IRQ,
+        HV_INTERRUPT_TYPE_FIQ
+    }
+
+    struct hv_simd_fp_uchar16_t
+    {
+        public ulong Low;
+        public ulong High;
+    }
+
+    static class HvResultExtensions
+    {
+        public static void ThrowOnError(this hv_result_t result)
+        {
+            if (result != hv_result_t.HV_SUCCESS)
+            {
+                throw new Exception($"Unexpected result \"{result}\".");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    static partial class HvApi
+    {
+        public const string LibraryName = "/System/Library/Frameworks/Hypervisor.framework/Hypervisor";
+
+        [LibraryImport(LibraryName, SetLastError = true)]
+        public static partial hv_result_t hv_vm_get_max_vcpu_count(out uint max_vcpu_count);
+
+        [LibraryImport(LibraryName, SetLastError = true)]
+        public static partial hv_result_t hv_vm_create(IntPtr config);
+
+        [LibraryImport(LibraryName, SetLastError = true)]
+        public static partial hv_result_t hv_vm_destroy();
+
+        [LibraryImport(LibraryName, SetLastError = true)]
+        public static partial hv_result_t hv_vm_map(ulong addr, ulong ipa, ulong size, hv_memory_flags_t flags);
+
+        [LibraryImport(LibraryName, SetLastError = true)]
+        public static partial hv_result_t hv_vm_unmap(ulong ipa, ulong size);
+
+        [LibraryImport(LibraryName, SetLastError = true)]
+        public static partial hv_result_t hv_vm_protect(ulong ipa, ulong size, hv_memory_flags_t flags);
+
+        [LibraryImport(LibraryName, SetLastError = true)]
+        public unsafe static partial hv_result_t hv_vcpu_create(out ulong vcpu, ref hv_vcpu_exit_t* exit, IntPtr config);
+
+        [LibraryImport(LibraryName, SetLastError = true)]
+        public unsafe static partial hv_result_t hv_vcpu_destroy(ulong vcpu);
+
+        [LibraryImport(LibraryName, SetLastError = true)]
+        public static partial hv_result_t hv_vcpu_run(ulong vcpu);
+
+        [LibraryImport(LibraryName, SetLastError = true)]
+        public static partial hv_result_t hv_vcpus_exit(ref ulong vcpus, uint vcpu_count);
+
+        [LibraryImport(LibraryName, SetLastError = true)]
+        public static partial hv_result_t hv_vcpu_set_vtimer_mask(ulong vcpu, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)] bool vtimer_is_masked);
+
+        [LibraryImport(LibraryName, SetLastError = true)]
+        public static partial hv_result_t hv_vcpu_get_reg(ulong vcpu, hv_reg_t reg, out ulong value);
+
+        [LibraryImport(LibraryName, SetLastError = true)]
+        public static partial hv_result_t hv_vcpu_set_reg(ulong vcpu, hv_reg_t reg, ulong value);
+
+        [LibraryImport(LibraryName, SetLastError = true)]
+        public static partial hv_result_t hv_vcpu_get_simd_fp_reg(ulong vcpu, hv_simd_fp_reg_t reg, out hv_simd_fp_uchar16_t value);
+
+        [LibraryImport(LibraryName, SetLastError = true)]
+        public static partial hv_result_t hv_vcpu_set_simd_fp_reg(ulong vcpu, hv_simd_fp_reg_t reg, hv_simd_fp_uchar16_t value); // DO NOT USE DIRECTLY!
+
+        [LibraryImport(LibraryName, SetLastError = true)]
+        public static partial hv_result_t hv_vcpu_get_sys_reg(ulong vcpu, hv_sys_reg_t reg, out ulong value);
+
+        [LibraryImport(LibraryName, SetLastError = true)]
+        public static partial hv_result_t hv_vcpu_set_sys_reg(ulong vcpu, hv_sys_reg_t reg, ulong value);
+
+        [LibraryImport(LibraryName, SetLastError = true)]
+        public static partial hv_result_t hv_vcpu_get_pending_interrupt(ulong vcpu, hv_interrupt_type_t type, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)] out bool pending);
+
+        [LibraryImport(LibraryName, SetLastError = true)]
+        public static partial hv_result_t hv_vcpu_set_pending_interrupt(ulong vcpu, hv_interrupt_type_t type, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)] bool pending);
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/AppleHv/HvCpuContext.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+using ARMeilleure.Memory;
+using System;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.AppleHv
+{
+    class HvCpuContext : ICpuContext
+    {
+        private readonly ITickSource _tickSource;
+        private readonly HvMemoryManager _memoryManager;
+
+        public HvCpuContext(ITickSource tickSource, IMemoryManager memory, bool for64Bit)
+        {
+            _tickSource = tickSource;
+            _memoryManager = (HvMemoryManager)memory;
+        }
+
+        private void UnmapHandler(ulong address, ulong size)
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public IExecutionContext CreateExecutionContext(ExceptionCallbacks exceptionCallbacks)
+        {
+            return new HvExecutionContext(_tickSource, exceptionCallbacks);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void Execute(IExecutionContext context, ulong address)
+        {
+            ((HvExecutionContext)context).Execute(_memoryManager, address);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void InvalidateCacheRegion(ulong address, ulong size)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public IDiskCacheLoadState LoadDiskCache(string titleIdText, string displayVersion, bool enabled)
+        {
+            return new DummyDiskCacheLoadState();
+        }
+
+        public void PrepareCodeRange(ulong address, ulong size)
+        {
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/AppleHv/HvEngine.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+using ARMeilleure.Memory;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.AppleHv
+{
+    public class HvEngine : ICpuEngine
+    {
+        private readonly ITickSource _tickSource;
+
+        public HvEngine(ITickSource tickSource)
+        {
+            _tickSource = tickSource;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public ICpuContext CreateCpuContext(IMemoryManager memoryManager, bool for64Bit)
+        {
+            return new HvCpuContext(_tickSource, memoryManager, for64Bit);
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/AppleHv/HvExecutionContext.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+using ARMeilleure.State;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu.AppleHv.Arm;
+using Ryujinx.Memory.Tracking;
+using System;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.AppleHv
+{
+    class HvExecutionContext : IExecutionContext
+    {
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public ulong Pc => _impl.ElrEl1;
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public long TpidrEl0
+        {
+            get => _impl.TpidrEl0;
+            set => _impl.TpidrEl0 = value;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public long TpidrroEl0
+        {
+            get => _impl.TpidrroEl0;
+            set => _impl.TpidrroEl0 = value;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public uint Pstate
+        {
+            get => _impl.Pstate;
+            set => _impl.Pstate = value;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public uint Fpcr
+        {
+            get => _impl.Fpcr;
+            set => _impl.Fpcr = value;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public uint Fpsr
+        {
+            get => _impl.Fpsr;
+            set => _impl.Fpsr = value;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public bool IsAarch32
+        {
+            get => false;
+            set
+            {
+                if (value)
+                {
+                    throw new NotSupportedException();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public bool Running { get; private set; }
+
+        private readonly ICounter _counter;
+        private readonly IHvExecutionContext _shadowContext;
+        private IHvExecutionContext _impl;
+
+        private readonly ExceptionCallbacks _exceptionCallbacks;
+
+        public HvExecutionContext(ICounter counter, ExceptionCallbacks exceptionCallbacks)
+        {
+            _counter = counter;
+            _shadowContext = new HvExecutionContextShadow();
+            _impl = _shadowContext;
+            _exceptionCallbacks = exceptionCallbacks;
+            Running = true;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public ulong GetX(int index) => _impl.GetX(index);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void SetX(int index, ulong value) => _impl.SetX(index, value);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public V128 GetV(int index) => _impl.GetV(index);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void SetV(int index, V128 value) => _impl.SetV(index, value);
+
+        private void InterruptHandler()
+        {
+            _exceptionCallbacks.InterruptCallback?.Invoke(this);
+        }
+
+        private void BreakHandler(ulong address, int imm)
+        {
+            _exceptionCallbacks.BreakCallback?.Invoke(this, address, imm);
+        }
+
+        private void SupervisorCallHandler(ulong address, int imm)
+        {
+            _exceptionCallbacks.SupervisorCallback?.Invoke(this, address, imm);
+        }
+
+        private void UndefinedHandler(ulong address, int opCode)
+        {
+            _exceptionCallbacks.UndefinedCallback?.Invoke(this, address, opCode);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void RequestInterrupt()
+        {
+            _impl.RequestInterrupt();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void StopRunning()
+        {
+            Running = false;
+            RequestInterrupt();
+        }
+
+        public unsafe void Execute(HvMemoryManager memoryManager, ulong address)
+        {
+            HvVcpu vcpu = HvVcpuPool.Instance.Create(memoryManager.AddressSpace, _shadowContext, SwapContext);
+
+            HvApi.hv_vcpu_set_reg(vcpu.Handle, hv_reg_t.HV_REG_PC, address).ThrowOnError();
+
+            while (Running)
+            {
+                HvApi.hv_vcpu_run(vcpu.Handle).ThrowOnError();
+
+                uint reason = vcpu.ExitInfo->reason;
+
+                if (reason == 1)
+                {
+                    uint hvEsr = (uint)vcpu.ExitInfo->exception.syndrome;
+                    ExceptionClass hvEc = (ExceptionClass)(hvEsr >> 26);
+
+                    if (hvEc != ExceptionClass.HvcAarch64)
+                    {
+                        throw new Exception($"Unhandled exception from guest kernel with ESR 0x{hvEsr:X} ({hvEc}).");
+                    }
+
+                    address = SynchronousException(memoryManager, ref vcpu);
+                    HvApi.hv_vcpu_set_reg(vcpu.Handle, hv_reg_t.HV_REG_PC, address).ThrowOnError();
+                }
+                else if (reason == 0)
+                {
+                    if (_impl.GetAndClearInterruptRequested())
+                    {
+                        ReturnToPool(vcpu);
+                        InterruptHandler();
+                        vcpu = RentFromPool(memoryManager.AddressSpace, vcpu);
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    throw new Exception($"Unhandled exit reason {reason}.");
+                }
+            }
+
+            HvVcpuPool.Instance.Destroy(vcpu, SwapContext);
+        }
+
+        private ulong SynchronousException(HvMemoryManager memoryManager, ref HvVcpu vcpu)
+        {
+            ulong vcpuHandle = vcpu.Handle;
+
+            HvApi.hv_vcpu_get_sys_reg(vcpuHandle, hv_sys_reg_t.HV_SYS_REG_ELR_EL1, out ulong elr).ThrowOnError();
+            HvApi.hv_vcpu_get_sys_reg(vcpuHandle, hv_sys_reg_t.HV_SYS_REG_ESR_EL1, out ulong esr).ThrowOnError();
+
+            ExceptionClass ec = (ExceptionClass)((uint)esr >> 26);
+
+            switch (ec)
+            {
+                case ExceptionClass.DataAbortLowerEl:
+                    DataAbort(memoryManager.Tracking, vcpuHandle, (uint)esr);
+                    break;
+                case ExceptionClass.TrappedMsrMrsSystem:
+                    InstructionTrap((uint)esr);
+                    HvApi.hv_vcpu_set_sys_reg(vcpuHandle, hv_sys_reg_t.HV_SYS_REG_ELR_EL1, elr + 4UL).ThrowOnError();
+                    break;
+                case ExceptionClass.SvcAarch64:
+                    ReturnToPool(vcpu);
+                    ushort id = (ushort)esr;
+                    SupervisorCallHandler(elr - 4UL, id);
+                    vcpu = RentFromPool(memoryManager.AddressSpace, vcpu);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw new Exception($"Unhandled guest exception {ec}.");
+            }
+
+            // Make sure we will continue running at EL0.
+            if (memoryManager.AddressSpace.GetAndClearUserTlbInvalidationPending())
+            {
+                // TODO: Invalidate only the range that was modified?
+                return HvAddressSpace.KernelRegionTlbiEretAddress;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return HvAddressSpace.KernelRegionEretAddress;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void DataAbort(MemoryTracking tracking, ulong vcpu, uint esr)
+        {
+            bool write = (esr & (1u << 6)) != 0;
+            bool farValid = (esr & (1u << 10)) == 0;
+            int accessSizeLog2 = (int)((esr >> 22) & 3);
+
+            if (farValid)
+            {
+                HvApi.hv_vcpu_get_sys_reg(vcpu, hv_sys_reg_t.HV_SYS_REG_FAR_EL1, out ulong far).ThrowOnError();
+
+                ulong size = 1UL << accessSizeLog2;
+
+                if (!tracking.VirtualMemoryEvent(far, size, write))
+                {
+                    string rw = write ? "write" : "read";
+                    throw new Exception($"Unhandled invalid memory access at VA 0x{far:X} with size 0x{size:X} ({rw}).");
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new Exception($"Unhandled invalid memory access at unknown VA with ESR 0x{esr:X}.");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void InstructionTrap(uint esr)
+        {
+            bool read = (esr & 1) != 0;
+            uint rt = (esr >> 5) & 0x1f;
+
+            if (read)
+            {
+                // Op0 Op2 Op1 CRn 00000 CRm
+                switch ((esr >> 1) & 0x1ffe0f)
+                {
+                    case 0b11_000_011_1110_00000_0000: // CNTFRQ_EL0
+                        WriteRt(rt, _counter.Frequency);
+                        break;
+                    case 0b11_001_011_1110_00000_0000: // CNTPCT_EL0
+                        WriteRt(rt, _counter.Counter);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        throw new Exception($"Unhandled system register read with ESR 0x{esr:X}");
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new Exception($"Unhandled system register write with ESR 0x{esr:X}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void WriteRt(uint rt, ulong value)
+        {
+            if (rt < 31)
+            {
+                SetX((int)rt, value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void ReturnToPool(HvVcpu vcpu)
+        {
+            HvVcpuPool.Instance.Return(vcpu, SwapContext);
+        }
+
+        private HvVcpu RentFromPool(HvAddressSpace addressSpace, HvVcpu vcpu)
+        {
+            return HvVcpuPool.Instance.Rent(addressSpace, _shadowContext, vcpu, SwapContext);
+        }
+
+        private void SwapContext(IHvExecutionContext newContext)
+        {
+            _impl = newContext;
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/AppleHv/HvExecutionContextShadow.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+using ARMeilleure.State;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.AppleHv
+{
+    unsafe class HvExecutionContextShadow : IHvExecutionContext
+    {
+        public ulong Pc { get; set; }
+        public ulong ElrEl1 { get; set; }
+        public ulong EsrEl1 { get; set; }
+
+        public long TpidrEl0 { get; set; }
+        public long TpidrroEl0 { get; set; }
+
+        public uint Pstate { get; set; }
+
+        public uint Fpcr { get; set; }
+        public uint Fpsr { get; set; }
+
+        public bool IsAarch32 { get; set; }
+
+        private readonly ulong[] _x;
+        private readonly V128[] _v;
+
+        public HvExecutionContextShadow()
+        {
+            _x = new ulong[32];
+            _v = new V128[32];
+        }
+
+        public ulong GetX(int index)
+        {
+            return _x[index];
+        }
+
+        public void SetX(int index, ulong value)
+        {
+            _x[index] = value;
+        }
+
+        public V128 GetV(int index)
+        {
+            return _v[index];
+        }
+
+        public void SetV(int index, V128 value)
+        {
+            _v[index] = value;
+        }
+
+        public void RequestInterrupt()
+        {
+        }
+
+        public bool GetAndClearInterruptRequested()
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/AppleHv/HvExecutionContextVcpu.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+using ARMeilleure.State;
+using Ryujinx.Memory;
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Threading;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.AppleHv
+{
+    class HvExecutionContextVcpu : IHvExecutionContext
+    {
+        private static MemoryBlock _setSimdFpRegFuncMem;
+        private delegate hv_result_t SetSimdFpReg(ulong vcpu, hv_simd_fp_reg_t reg, in V128 value, IntPtr funcPtr);
+        private static SetSimdFpReg _setSimdFpReg;
+        private static IntPtr _setSimdFpRegNativePtr;
+
+        static HvExecutionContextVcpu()
+        {
+            // .NET does not support passing vectors by value, so we need to pass a pointer and use a native
+            // function to load the value into a vector register.
+            _setSimdFpRegFuncMem = new MemoryBlock(MemoryBlock.GetPageSize());
+            _setSimdFpRegFuncMem.Write(0, 0x3DC00040u); // LDR Q0, [X2]
+            _setSimdFpRegFuncMem.Write(4, 0xD61F0060u); // BR X3
+            _setSimdFpRegFuncMem.Reprotect(0, _setSimdFpRegFuncMem.Size, MemoryPermission.ReadAndExecute);
+
+            _setSimdFpReg = Marshal.GetDelegateForFunctionPointer<SetSimdFpReg>(_setSimdFpRegFuncMem.Pointer);
+
+            if (NativeLibrary.TryLoad(HvApi.LibraryName, out IntPtr hvLibHandle))
+            {
+                _setSimdFpRegNativePtr = NativeLibrary.GetExport(hvLibHandle, nameof(HvApi.hv_vcpu_set_simd_fp_reg));
+            }
+        }
+
+        public ulong Pc
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                HvApi.hv_vcpu_get_reg(_vcpu, hv_reg_t.HV_REG_PC, out ulong pc).ThrowOnError();
+                return pc;
+            }
+            set
+            {
+                HvApi.hv_vcpu_set_reg(_vcpu, hv_reg_t.HV_REG_PC, value).ThrowOnError();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public ulong ElrEl1
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                HvApi.hv_vcpu_get_sys_reg(_vcpu, hv_sys_reg_t.HV_SYS_REG_ELR_EL1, out ulong elr).ThrowOnError();
+                return elr;
+            }
+            set
+            {
+                HvApi.hv_vcpu_set_sys_reg(_vcpu, hv_sys_reg_t.HV_SYS_REG_ELR_EL1, value).ThrowOnError();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public ulong EsrEl1
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                HvApi.hv_vcpu_get_sys_reg(_vcpu, hv_sys_reg_t.HV_SYS_REG_ESR_EL1, out ulong esr).ThrowOnError();
+                return esr;
+            }
+            set
+            {
+                HvApi.hv_vcpu_set_sys_reg(_vcpu, hv_sys_reg_t.HV_SYS_REG_ESR_EL1, value).ThrowOnError();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public long TpidrEl0
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                HvApi.hv_vcpu_get_sys_reg(_vcpu, hv_sys_reg_t.HV_SYS_REG_TPIDR_EL0, out ulong tpidrEl0).ThrowOnError();
+                return (long)tpidrEl0;
+            }
+            set
+            {
+                HvApi.hv_vcpu_set_sys_reg(_vcpu, hv_sys_reg_t.HV_SYS_REG_TPIDR_EL0, (ulong)value).ThrowOnError();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public long TpidrroEl0
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                HvApi.hv_vcpu_get_sys_reg(_vcpu, hv_sys_reg_t.HV_SYS_REG_TPIDRRO_EL0, out ulong tpidrroEl0).ThrowOnError();
+                return (long)tpidrroEl0;
+            }
+            set
+            {
+                HvApi.hv_vcpu_set_sys_reg(_vcpu, hv_sys_reg_t.HV_SYS_REG_TPIDRRO_EL0, (ulong)value).ThrowOnError();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public uint Pstate
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                HvApi.hv_vcpu_get_reg(_vcpu, hv_reg_t.HV_REG_CPSR, out ulong cpsr).ThrowOnError();
+                return (uint)cpsr;
+            }
+            set
+            {
+                HvApi.hv_vcpu_set_reg(_vcpu, hv_reg_t.HV_REG_CPSR, (ulong)value).ThrowOnError();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public uint Fpcr
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                HvApi.hv_vcpu_get_reg(_vcpu, hv_reg_t.HV_REG_FPCR, out ulong fpcr).ThrowOnError();
+                return (uint)fpcr;
+            }
+            set
+            {
+                HvApi.hv_vcpu_set_reg(_vcpu, hv_reg_t.HV_REG_FPCR, (ulong)value).ThrowOnError();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public uint Fpsr
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                HvApi.hv_vcpu_get_reg(_vcpu, hv_reg_t.HV_REG_FPSR, out ulong fpsr).ThrowOnError();
+                return (uint)fpsr;
+            }
+            set
+            {
+                HvApi.hv_vcpu_set_reg(_vcpu, hv_reg_t.HV_REG_FPSR, (ulong)value).ThrowOnError();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private ulong _vcpu;
+        private int _interruptRequested;
+
+        public HvExecutionContextVcpu(ulong vcpu)
+        {
+            _vcpu = vcpu;
+        }
+
+        public ulong GetX(int index)
+        {
+            if (index == 31)
+            {
+                HvApi.hv_vcpu_get_sys_reg(_vcpu, hv_sys_reg_t.HV_SYS_REG_SP_EL0, out ulong value).ThrowOnError();
+                return value;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                HvApi.hv_vcpu_get_reg(_vcpu, hv_reg_t.HV_REG_X0 + (uint)index, out ulong value).ThrowOnError();
+                return value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void SetX(int index, ulong value)
+        {
+            if (index == 31)
+            {
+                HvApi.hv_vcpu_set_sys_reg(_vcpu, hv_sys_reg_t.HV_SYS_REG_SP_EL0, value).ThrowOnError();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                HvApi.hv_vcpu_set_reg(_vcpu, hv_reg_t.HV_REG_X0 + (uint)index, value).ThrowOnError();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public V128 GetV(int index)
+        {
+            HvApi.hv_vcpu_get_simd_fp_reg(_vcpu, hv_simd_fp_reg_t.HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q0 + (uint)index, out hv_simd_fp_uchar16_t value).ThrowOnError();
+            return new V128(value.Low, value.High);
+        }
+
+        public void SetV(int index, V128 value)
+        {
+            _setSimdFpReg(_vcpu, hv_simd_fp_reg_t.HV_SIMD_FP_REG_Q0 + (uint)index, value, _setSimdFpRegNativePtr).ThrowOnError();
+        }
+
+        public void RequestInterrupt()
+        {
+            if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref _interruptRequested, 1) == 0)
+            {
+                ulong vcpu = _vcpu;
+                HvApi.hv_vcpus_exit(ref vcpu, 1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public bool GetAndClearInterruptRequested()
+        {
+            return Interlocked.Exchange(ref _interruptRequested, 0) != 0;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/AppleHv/HvIpaAllocator.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+using System;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.AppleHv
+{
+    class HvIpaAllocator
+    {
+        private const ulong AllocationGranule = 1UL << 14;
+        private const ulong IpaRegionSize = 1UL << 35;
+
+        private readonly PrivateMemoryAllocator.Block _block;
+
+        public HvIpaAllocator()
+        {
+            _block = new PrivateMemoryAllocator.Block(null, IpaRegionSize);
+        }
+
+        public ulong Allocate(ulong size, ulong alignment = AllocationGranule)
+        {
+            ulong offset = _block.Allocate(size, alignment);
+
+            if (offset == PrivateMemoryAllocator.InvalidOffset)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException($"No enough free IPA memory to allocate 0x{size:X} bytes with alignment 0x{alignment:X}.");
+            }
+
+            return offset;
+        }
+
+        public void Free(ulong offset, ulong size)
+        {
+            _block.Free(offset, size);
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/AppleHv/HvMemoryBlockAllocation.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+using Ryujinx.Memory;
+using System;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.AppleHv
+{
+    struct HvMemoryBlockAllocation : IDisposable
+    {
+        private readonly HvMemoryBlockAllocator _owner;
+        private readonly HvMemoryBlockAllocator.Block _block;
+
+        public bool IsValid => _owner != null;
+        public MemoryBlock Memory => _block.Memory;
+        public ulong Ipa => _block.Ipa;
+        public ulong Offset { get; }
+        public ulong Size { get; }
+
+        public HvMemoryBlockAllocation(
+            HvMemoryBlockAllocator owner,
+            HvMemoryBlockAllocator.Block block,
+            ulong offset,
+            ulong size)
+        {
+            _owner = owner;
+            _block = block;
+            Offset = offset;
+            Size = size;
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            _owner.Free(_block, Offset, Size);
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/AppleHv/HvMemoryBlockAllocator.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+using Ryujinx.Memory;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.AppleHv
+{
+    class HvMemoryBlockAllocator : PrivateMemoryAllocatorImpl<HvMemoryBlockAllocator.Block>
+    {
+        private const ulong InvalidOffset = ulong.MaxValue;
+
+        public class Block : PrivateMemoryAllocator.Block
+        {
+            private readonly HvIpaAllocator _ipaAllocator;
+            public ulong Ipa { get; }
+
+            public Block(HvIpaAllocator ipaAllocator, MemoryBlock memory, ulong size) : base(memory, size)
+            {
+                _ipaAllocator = ipaAllocator;
+
+                lock (ipaAllocator)
+                {
+                    Ipa = ipaAllocator.Allocate(size);
+                }
+
+                HvApi.hv_vm_map((ulong)Memory.Pointer, Ipa, size, hv_memory_flags_t.HV_MEMORY_READ | hv_memory_flags_t.HV_MEMORY_WRITE).ThrowOnError();
+            }
+
+            public override void Destroy()
+            {
+                HvApi.hv_vm_unmap(Ipa, Size).ThrowOnError();
+
+                lock (_ipaAllocator)
+                {
+                    _ipaAllocator.Free(Ipa, Size);
+                }
+
+                base.Destroy();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private readonly HvIpaAllocator _ipaAllocator;
+
+        public HvMemoryBlockAllocator(HvIpaAllocator ipaAllocator, int blockAlignment) : base(blockAlignment, MemoryAllocationFlags.None)
+        {
+            _ipaAllocator = ipaAllocator;
+        }
+
+        public unsafe HvMemoryBlockAllocation Allocate(ulong size, ulong alignment)
+        {
+            var allocation = Allocate(size, alignment, CreateBlock);
+
+            return new HvMemoryBlockAllocation(this, allocation.Block, allocation.Offset, allocation.Size);
+        }
+
+        private Block CreateBlock(MemoryBlock memory, ulong size)
+        {
+            return new Block(_ipaAllocator, memory, size);
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/AppleHv/HvMemoryManager.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,947 @@
+using ARMeilleure.Memory;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu.Tracking;
+using Ryujinx.Memory;
+using Ryujinx.Memory.Range;
+using Ryujinx.Memory.Tracking;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Threading;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.AppleHv
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Represents a CPU memory manager which maps guest virtual memory directly onto the Hypervisor page table.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class HvMemoryManager : MemoryManagerBase, IMemoryManager, IVirtualMemoryManagerTracked, IWritableBlock
+    {
+        public const int PageBits = 12;
+        public const int PageSize = 1 << PageBits;
+        public const int PageMask = PageSize - 1;
+
+        public const int PageToPteShift = 5; // 32 pages (2 bits each) in one ulong page table entry.
+        public const ulong BlockMappedMask = 0x5555555555555555; // First bit of each table entry set.
+
+        private enum HostMappedPtBits : ulong
+        {
+            Unmapped = 0,
+            Mapped,
+            WriteTracked,
+            ReadWriteTracked,
+
+            MappedReplicated = 0x5555555555555555,
+            WriteTrackedReplicated = 0xaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa,
+            ReadWriteTrackedReplicated = ulong.MaxValue
+        }
+
+        private readonly InvalidAccessHandler _invalidAccessHandler;
+
+        private readonly ulong _addressSpaceSize;
+
+        private readonly HvAddressSpace _addressSpace;
+
+        internal HvAddressSpace AddressSpace => _addressSpace;
+
+        private readonly MemoryBlock _backingMemory;
+        private readonly PageTable<ulong> _pageTable;
+
+        private readonly ulong[] _pageBitmap;
+
+        public bool Supports4KBPages => true;
+
+        public int AddressSpaceBits { get; }
+
+        public IntPtr PageTablePointer => IntPtr.Zero;
+
+        public MemoryManagerType Type => MemoryManagerType.SoftwarePageTable;
+
+        public MemoryTracking Tracking { get; }
+
+        public event Action<ulong, ulong> UnmapEvent;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new instance of the Hypervisor memory manager.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="backingMemory">Physical backing memory where virtual memory will be mapped to</param>
+        /// <param name="addressSpaceSize">Size of the address space</param>
+        /// <param name="invalidAccessHandler">Optional function to handle invalid memory accesses</param>
+        public HvMemoryManager(MemoryBlock backingMemory, ulong addressSpaceSize, InvalidAccessHandler invalidAccessHandler = null)
+        {
+            _backingMemory = backingMemory;
+            _pageTable = new PageTable<ulong>();
+            _invalidAccessHandler = invalidAccessHandler;
+            _addressSpaceSize = addressSpaceSize;
+
+            ulong asSize = PageSize;
+            int asBits = PageBits;
+
+            while (asSize < addressSpaceSize)
+            {
+                asSize <<= 1;
+                asBits++;
+            }
+
+            _addressSpace = new HvAddressSpace(backingMemory, asSize);
+
+            AddressSpaceBits = asBits;
+
+            _pageBitmap = new ulong[1 << (AddressSpaceBits - (PageBits + PageToPteShift))];
+            Tracking = new MemoryTracking(this, PageSize, invalidAccessHandler);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks if the virtual address is part of the addressable space.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="va">Virtual address</param>
+        /// <returns>True if the virtual address is part of the addressable space</returns>
+        private bool ValidateAddress(ulong va)
+        {
+            return va < _addressSpaceSize;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks if the combination of virtual address and size is part of the addressable space.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="va">Virtual address of the range</param>
+        /// <param name="size">Size of the range in bytes</param>
+        /// <returns>True if the combination of virtual address and size is part of the addressable space</returns>
+        private bool ValidateAddressAndSize(ulong va, ulong size)
+        {
+            ulong endVa = va + size;
+            return endVa >= va && endVa >= size && endVa <= _addressSpaceSize;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ensures the combination of virtual address and size is part of the addressable space.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="va">Virtual address of the range</param>
+        /// <param name="size">Size of the range in bytes</param>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidMemoryRegionException">Throw when the memory region specified outside the addressable space</exception>
+        private void AssertValidAddressAndSize(ulong va, ulong size)
+        {
+            if (!ValidateAddressAndSize(va, size))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidMemoryRegionException($"va=0x{va:X16}, size=0x{size:X16}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ensures the combination of virtual address and size is part of the addressable space and fully mapped.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="va">Virtual address of the range</param>
+        /// <param name="size">Size of the range in bytes</param>
+        private void AssertMapped(ulong va, ulong size)
+        {
+            if (!ValidateAddressAndSize(va, size) || !IsRangeMappedImpl(va, size))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidMemoryRegionException($"Not mapped: va=0x{va:X16}, size=0x{size:X16}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void Map(ulong va, ulong pa, ulong size, MemoryMapFlags flags)
+        {
+            AssertValidAddressAndSize(va, size);
+
+            PtMap(va, pa, size);
+            _addressSpace.MapUser(va, pa, size, MemoryPermission.ReadWriteExecute);
+            AddMapping(va, size);
+
+            Tracking.Map(va, size);
+        }
+
+        private void PtMap(ulong va, ulong pa, ulong size)
+        {
+            while (size != 0)
+            {
+                _pageTable.Map(va, pa);
+
+                va += PageSize;
+                pa += PageSize;
+                size -= PageSize;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void MapForeign(ulong va, nuint hostPointer, ulong size)
+        {
+            throw new NotSupportedException();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void Unmap(ulong va, ulong size)
+        {
+            AssertValidAddressAndSize(va, size);
+
+            UnmapEvent?.Invoke(va, size);
+            Tracking.Unmap(va, size);
+
+            RemoveMapping(va, size);
+            _addressSpace.UnmapUser(va, size);
+            PtUnmap(va, size);
+        }
+
+        private void PtUnmap(ulong va, ulong size)
+        {
+            while (size != 0)
+            {
+                _pageTable.Unmap(va);
+
+                va += PageSize;
+                size -= PageSize;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public T Read<T>(ulong va) where T : unmanaged
+        {
+            return MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, T>(GetSpan(va, Unsafe.SizeOf<T>()))[0];
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public T ReadTracked<T>(ulong va) where T : unmanaged
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                SignalMemoryTracking(va, (ulong)Unsafe.SizeOf<T>(), false);
+
+                return Read<T>(va);
+            }
+            catch (InvalidMemoryRegionException)
+            {
+                if (_invalidAccessHandler == null || !_invalidAccessHandler(va))
+                {
+                    throw;
+                }
+
+                return default;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void Read(ulong va, Span<byte> data)
+        {
+            ReadImpl(va, data);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void Write<T>(ulong va, T value) where T : unmanaged
+        {
+            Write(va, MemoryMarshal.Cast<T, byte>(MemoryMarshal.CreateSpan(ref value, 1)));
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void Write(ulong va, ReadOnlySpan<byte> data)
+        {
+            if (data.Length == 0)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            SignalMemoryTracking(va, (ulong)data.Length, true);
+
+            WriteImpl(va, data);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void WriteUntracked(ulong va, ReadOnlySpan<byte> data)
+        {
+            if (data.Length == 0)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            WriteImpl(va, data);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public bool WriteWithRedundancyCheck(ulong va, ReadOnlySpan<byte> data)
+        {
+            if (data.Length == 0)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            SignalMemoryTracking(va, (ulong)data.Length, false);
+
+            if (IsContiguousAndMapped(va, data.Length))
+            {
+                var target = _backingMemory.GetSpan(GetPhysicalAddressInternal(va), data.Length);
+
+                bool changed = !data.SequenceEqual(target);
+
+                if (changed)
+                {
+                    data.CopyTo(target);
+                }
+
+                return changed;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                WriteImpl(va, data);
+
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void WriteImpl(ulong va, ReadOnlySpan<byte> data)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                AssertValidAddressAndSize(va, (ulong)data.Length);
+
+                if (IsContiguousAndMapped(va, data.Length))
+                {
+                    data.CopyTo(_backingMemory.GetSpan(GetPhysicalAddressInternal(va), data.Length));
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    int offset = 0, size;
+
+                    if ((va & PageMask) != 0)
+                    {
+                        ulong pa = GetPhysicalAddressChecked(va);
+
+                        size = Math.Min(data.Length, PageSize - (int)(va & PageMask));
+
+                        data.Slice(0, size).CopyTo(_backingMemory.GetSpan(pa, size));
+
+                        offset += size;
+                    }
+
+                    for (; offset < data.Length; offset += size)
+                    {
+                        ulong pa = GetPhysicalAddressChecked(va + (ulong)offset);
+
+                        size = Math.Min(data.Length - offset, PageSize);
+
+                        data.Slice(offset, size).CopyTo(_backingMemory.GetSpan(pa, size));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            catch (InvalidMemoryRegionException)
+            {
+                if (_invalidAccessHandler == null || !_invalidAccessHandler(va))
+                {
+                    throw;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public ReadOnlySpan<byte> GetSpan(ulong va, int size, bool tracked = false)
+        {
+            if (size == 0)
+            {
+                return ReadOnlySpan<byte>.Empty;
+            }
+
+            if (tracked)
+            {
+                SignalMemoryTracking(va, (ulong)size, false);
+            }
+
+            if (IsContiguousAndMapped(va, size))
+            {
+                return _backingMemory.GetSpan(GetPhysicalAddressInternal(va), size);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Span<byte> data = new byte[size];
+
+                ReadImpl(va, data);
+
+                return data;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public WritableRegion GetWritableRegion(ulong va, int size, bool tracked = false)
+        {
+            if (size == 0)
+            {
+                return new WritableRegion(null, va, Memory<byte>.Empty);
+            }
+
+            if (tracked)
+            {
+                SignalMemoryTracking(va, (ulong)size, true);
+            }
+
+            if (IsContiguousAndMapped(va, size))
+            {
+                return new WritableRegion(null, va, _backingMemory.GetMemory(GetPhysicalAddressInternal(va), size));
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Memory<byte> memory = new byte[size];
+
+                ReadImpl(va, memory.Span);
+
+                return new WritableRegion(this, va, memory);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public ref T GetRef<T>(ulong va) where T : unmanaged
+        {
+            if (!IsContiguous(va, Unsafe.SizeOf<T>()))
+            {
+                ThrowMemoryNotContiguous();
+            }
+
+            SignalMemoryTracking(va, (ulong)Unsafe.SizeOf<T>(), true);
+
+            return ref _backingMemory.GetRef<T>(GetPhysicalAddressChecked(va));
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public bool IsMapped(ulong va)
+        {
+            return ValidateAddress(va) && IsMappedImpl(va);
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        private bool IsMappedImpl(ulong va)
+        {
+            ulong page = va >> PageBits;
+
+            int bit = (int)((page & 31) << 1);
+
+            int pageIndex = (int)(page >> PageToPteShift);
+            ref ulong pageRef = ref _pageBitmap[pageIndex];
+
+            ulong pte = Volatile.Read(ref pageRef);
+
+            return ((pte >> bit) & 3) != 0;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public bool IsRangeMapped(ulong va, ulong size)
+        {
+            AssertValidAddressAndSize(va, size);
+
+            return IsRangeMappedImpl(va, size);
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        private void GetPageBlockRange(ulong pageStart, ulong pageEnd, out ulong startMask, out ulong endMask, out int pageIndex, out int pageEndIndex)
+        {
+            startMask = ulong.MaxValue << ((int)(pageStart & 31) << 1);
+            endMask = ulong.MaxValue >> (64 - ((int)(pageEnd & 31) << 1));
+
+            pageIndex = (int)(pageStart >> PageToPteShift);
+            pageEndIndex = (int)((pageEnd - 1) >> PageToPteShift);
+        }
+
+        private bool IsRangeMappedImpl(ulong va, ulong size)
+        {
+            int pages = GetPagesCount(va, size, out _);
+
+            if (pages == 1)
+            {
+                return IsMappedImpl(va);
+            }
+
+            ulong pageStart = va >> PageBits;
+            ulong pageEnd = pageStart + (ulong)pages;
+
+            GetPageBlockRange(pageStart, pageEnd, out ulong startMask, out ulong endMask, out int pageIndex, out int pageEndIndex);
+
+            // Check if either bit in each 2 bit page entry is set.
+            // OR the block with itself shifted down by 1, and check the first bit of each entry.
+
+            ulong mask = BlockMappedMask & startMask;
+
+            while (pageIndex <= pageEndIndex)
+            {
+                if (pageIndex == pageEndIndex)
+                {
+                    mask &= endMask;
+                }
+
+                ref ulong pageRef = ref _pageBitmap[pageIndex++];
+                ulong pte = Volatile.Read(ref pageRef);
+
+                pte |= pte >> 1;
+                if ((pte & mask) != mask)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                mask = BlockMappedMask;
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private static void ThrowMemoryNotContiguous() => throw new MemoryNotContiguousException();
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        private bool IsContiguousAndMapped(ulong va, int size) => IsContiguous(va, size) && IsMapped(va);
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        private bool IsContiguous(ulong va, int size)
+        {
+            if (!ValidateAddress(va) || !ValidateAddressAndSize(va, (ulong)size))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            int pages = GetPagesCount(va, (uint)size, out va);
+
+            for (int page = 0; page < pages - 1; page++)
+            {
+                if (!ValidateAddress(va + PageSize))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                if (GetPhysicalAddressInternal(va) + PageSize != GetPhysicalAddressInternal(va + PageSize))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                va += PageSize;
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public IEnumerable<HostMemoryRange> GetHostRegions(ulong va, ulong size)
+        {
+            if (size == 0)
+            {
+                return Enumerable.Empty<HostMemoryRange>();
+            }
+
+            var guestRegions = GetPhysicalRegionsImpl(va, size);
+            if (guestRegions == null)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            var regions = new HostMemoryRange[guestRegions.Count];
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < regions.Length; i++)
+            {
+                var guestRegion = guestRegions[i];
+                IntPtr pointer = _backingMemory.GetPointer(guestRegion.Address, guestRegion.Size);
+                regions[i] = new HostMemoryRange((nuint)(ulong)pointer, guestRegion.Size);
+            }
+
+            return regions;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public IEnumerable<MemoryRange> GetPhysicalRegions(ulong va, ulong size)
+        {
+            if (size == 0)
+            {
+                return Enumerable.Empty<MemoryRange>();
+            }
+
+            return GetPhysicalRegionsImpl(va, size);
+        }
+
+        private List<MemoryRange> GetPhysicalRegionsImpl(ulong va, ulong size)
+        {
+            if (!ValidateAddress(va) || !ValidateAddressAndSize(va, size))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            int pages = GetPagesCount(va, (uint)size, out va);
+
+            var regions = new List<MemoryRange>();
+
+            ulong regionStart = GetPhysicalAddressInternal(va);
+            ulong regionSize = PageSize;
+
+            for (int page = 0; page < pages - 1; page++)
+            {
+                if (!ValidateAddress(va + PageSize))
+                {
+                    return null;
+                }
+
+                ulong newPa = GetPhysicalAddressInternal(va + PageSize);
+
+                if (GetPhysicalAddressInternal(va) + PageSize != newPa)
+                {
+                    regions.Add(new MemoryRange(regionStart, regionSize));
+                    regionStart = newPa;
+                    regionSize = 0;
+                }
+
+                va += PageSize;
+                regionSize += PageSize;
+            }
+
+            regions.Add(new MemoryRange(regionStart, regionSize));
+
+            return regions;
+        }
+
+        private void ReadImpl(ulong va, Span<byte> data)
+        {
+            if (data.Length == 0)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            try
+            {
+                AssertValidAddressAndSize(va, (ulong)data.Length);
+
+                int offset = 0, size;
+
+                if ((va & PageMask) != 0)
+                {
+                    ulong pa = GetPhysicalAddressChecked(va);
+
+                    size = Math.Min(data.Length, PageSize - (int)(va & PageMask));
+
+                    _backingMemory.GetSpan(pa, size).CopyTo(data.Slice(0, size));
+
+                    offset += size;
+                }
+
+                for (; offset < data.Length; offset += size)
+                {
+                    ulong pa = GetPhysicalAddressChecked(va + (ulong)offset);
+
+                    size = Math.Min(data.Length - offset, PageSize);
+
+                    _backingMemory.GetSpan(pa, size).CopyTo(data.Slice(offset, size));
+                }
+            }
+            catch (InvalidMemoryRegionException)
+            {
+                if (_invalidAccessHandler == null || !_invalidAccessHandler(va))
+                {
+                    throw;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This function also validates that the given range is both valid and mapped, and will throw if it is not.
+        /// </remarks>
+        public void SignalMemoryTracking(ulong va, ulong size, bool write, bool precise = false)
+        {
+            AssertValidAddressAndSize(va, size);
+
+            if (precise)
+            {
+                Tracking.VirtualMemoryEvent(va, size, write, precise: true);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Software table, used for managed memory tracking.
+
+            int pages = GetPagesCount(va, size, out _);
+            ulong pageStart = va >> PageBits;
+
+            if (pages == 1)
+            {
+                ulong tag = (ulong)(write ? HostMappedPtBits.WriteTracked : HostMappedPtBits.ReadWriteTracked);
+
+                int bit = (int)((pageStart & 31) << 1);
+
+                int pageIndex = (int)(pageStart >> PageToPteShift);
+                ref ulong pageRef = ref _pageBitmap[pageIndex];
+
+                ulong pte = Volatile.Read(ref pageRef);
+                ulong state = ((pte >> bit) & 3);
+
+                if (state >= tag)
+                {
+                    Tracking.VirtualMemoryEvent(va, size, write);
+                    return;
+                }
+                else if (state == 0)
+                {
+                    ThrowInvalidMemoryRegionException($"Not mapped: va=0x{va:X16}, size=0x{size:X16}");
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ulong pageEnd = pageStart + (ulong)pages;
+
+                GetPageBlockRange(pageStart, pageEnd, out ulong startMask, out ulong endMask, out int pageIndex, out int pageEndIndex);
+
+                ulong mask = startMask;
+
+                ulong anyTrackingTag = (ulong)HostMappedPtBits.WriteTrackedReplicated;
+
+                while (pageIndex <= pageEndIndex)
+                {
+                    if (pageIndex == pageEndIndex)
+                    {
+                        mask &= endMask;
+                    }
+
+                    ref ulong pageRef = ref _pageBitmap[pageIndex++];
+
+                    ulong pte = Volatile.Read(ref pageRef);
+                    ulong mappedMask = mask & BlockMappedMask;
+
+                    ulong mappedPte = pte | (pte >> 1);
+                    if ((mappedPte & mappedMask) != mappedMask)
+                    {
+                        ThrowInvalidMemoryRegionException($"Not mapped: va=0x{va:X16}, size=0x{size:X16}");
+                    }
+
+                    pte &= mask;
+                    if ((pte & anyTrackingTag) != 0) // Search for any tracking.
+                    {
+                        // Writes trigger any tracking.
+                        // Only trigger tracking from reads if both bits are set on any page.
+                        if (write || (pte & (pte >> 1) & BlockMappedMask) != 0)
+                        {
+                            Tracking.VirtualMemoryEvent(va, size, write);
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    mask = ulong.MaxValue;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Computes the number of pages in a virtual address range.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="va">Virtual address of the range</param>
+        /// <param name="size">Size of the range</param>
+        /// <param name="startVa">The virtual address of the beginning of the first page</param>
+        /// <remarks>This function does not differentiate between allocated and unallocated pages.</remarks>
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        private int GetPagesCount(ulong va, ulong size, out ulong startVa)
+        {
+            // WARNING: Always check if ulong does not overflow during the operations.
+            startVa = va & ~(ulong)PageMask;
+            ulong vaSpan = (va - startVa + size + PageMask) & ~(ulong)PageMask;
+
+            return (int)(vaSpan / PageSize);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void TrackingReprotect(ulong va, ulong size, MemoryPermission protection)
+        {
+            // Protection is inverted on software pages, since the default value is 0.
+            protection = (~protection) & MemoryPermission.ReadAndWrite;
+
+            int pages = GetPagesCount(va, size, out va);
+            ulong pageStart = va >> PageBits;
+
+            if (pages == 1)
+            {
+                ulong protTag = protection switch
+                {
+                    MemoryPermission.None => (ulong)HostMappedPtBits.Mapped,
+                    MemoryPermission.Write => (ulong)HostMappedPtBits.WriteTracked,
+                    _ => (ulong)HostMappedPtBits.ReadWriteTracked,
+                };
+
+                int bit = (int)((pageStart & 31) << 1);
+
+                ulong tagMask = 3UL << bit;
+                ulong invTagMask = ~tagMask;
+
+                ulong tag = protTag << bit;
+
+                int pageIndex = (int)(pageStart >> PageToPteShift);
+                ref ulong pageRef = ref _pageBitmap[pageIndex];
+
+                ulong pte;
+
+                do
+                {
+                    pte = Volatile.Read(ref pageRef);
+                }
+                while ((pte & tagMask) != 0 && Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref pageRef, (pte & invTagMask) | tag, pte) != pte);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ulong pageEnd = pageStart + (ulong)pages;
+
+                GetPageBlockRange(pageStart, pageEnd, out ulong startMask, out ulong endMask, out int pageIndex, out int pageEndIndex);
+
+                ulong mask = startMask;
+
+                ulong protTag = protection switch
+                {
+                    MemoryPermission.None => (ulong)HostMappedPtBits.MappedReplicated,
+                    MemoryPermission.Write => (ulong)HostMappedPtBits.WriteTrackedReplicated,
+                    _ => (ulong)HostMappedPtBits.ReadWriteTrackedReplicated,
+                };
+
+                while (pageIndex <= pageEndIndex)
+                {
+                    if (pageIndex == pageEndIndex)
+                    {
+                        mask &= endMask;
+                    }
+
+                    ref ulong pageRef = ref _pageBitmap[pageIndex++];
+
+                    ulong pte;
+                    ulong mappedMask;
+
+                    // Change the protection of all 2 bit entries that are mapped.
+                    do
+                    {
+                        pte = Volatile.Read(ref pageRef);
+
+                        mappedMask = pte | (pte >> 1);
+                        mappedMask |= (mappedMask & BlockMappedMask) << 1;
+                        mappedMask &= mask; // Only update mapped pages within the given range.
+                    }
+                    while (Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref pageRef, (pte & (~mappedMask)) | (protTag & mappedMask), pte) != pte);
+
+                    mask = ulong.MaxValue;
+                }
+            }
+
+            protection = protection switch
+            {
+                MemoryPermission.None => MemoryPermission.ReadAndWrite,
+                MemoryPermission.Write => MemoryPermission.Read,
+                _ => MemoryPermission.None
+            };
+
+            _addressSpace.ReprotectUser(va, size, protection);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public CpuRegionHandle BeginTracking(ulong address, ulong size)
+        {
+            return new CpuRegionHandle(Tracking.BeginTracking(address, size));
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public CpuMultiRegionHandle BeginGranularTracking(ulong address, ulong size, IEnumerable<IRegionHandle> handles, ulong granularity)
+        {
+            return new CpuMultiRegionHandle(Tracking.BeginGranularTracking(address, size, handles, granularity));
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public CpuSmartMultiRegionHandle BeginSmartGranularTracking(ulong address, ulong size, ulong granularity)
+        {
+            return new CpuSmartMultiRegionHandle(Tracking.BeginSmartGranularTracking(address, size, granularity));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds the given address mapping to the page table.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="va">Virtual memory address</param>
+        /// <param name="size">Size to be mapped</param>
+        private void AddMapping(ulong va, ulong size)
+        {
+            int pages = GetPagesCount(va, size, out _);
+            ulong pageStart = va >> PageBits;
+            ulong pageEnd = pageStart + (ulong)pages;
+
+            GetPageBlockRange(pageStart, pageEnd, out ulong startMask, out ulong endMask, out int pageIndex, out int pageEndIndex);
+
+            ulong mask = startMask;
+
+            while (pageIndex <= pageEndIndex)
+            {
+                if (pageIndex == pageEndIndex)
+                {
+                    mask &= endMask;
+                }
+
+                ref ulong pageRef = ref _pageBitmap[pageIndex++];
+
+                ulong pte;
+                ulong mappedMask;
+
+                // Map all 2-bit entries that are unmapped.
+                do
+                {
+                    pte = Volatile.Read(ref pageRef);
+
+                    mappedMask = pte | (pte >> 1);
+                    mappedMask |= (mappedMask & BlockMappedMask) << 1;
+                    mappedMask |= ~mask; // Treat everything outside the range as mapped, thus unchanged.
+                }
+                while (Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref pageRef, (pte & mappedMask) | (BlockMappedMask & (~mappedMask)), pte) != pte);
+
+                mask = ulong.MaxValue;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Removes the given address mapping from the page table.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="va">Virtual memory address</param>
+        /// <param name="size">Size to be unmapped</param>
+        private void RemoveMapping(ulong va, ulong size)
+        {
+            int pages = GetPagesCount(va, size, out _);
+            ulong pageStart = va >> PageBits;
+            ulong pageEnd = pageStart + (ulong)pages;
+
+            GetPageBlockRange(pageStart, pageEnd, out ulong startMask, out ulong endMask, out int pageIndex, out int pageEndIndex);
+
+            startMask = ~startMask;
+            endMask = ~endMask;
+
+            ulong mask = startMask;
+
+            while (pageIndex <= pageEndIndex)
+            {
+                if (pageIndex == pageEndIndex)
+                {
+                    mask |= endMask;
+                }
+
+                ref ulong pageRef = ref _pageBitmap[pageIndex++];
+                ulong pte;
+
+                do
+                {
+                    pte = Volatile.Read(ref pageRef);
+                }
+                while (Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref pageRef, pte & mask, pte) != pte);
+
+                mask = 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private ulong GetPhysicalAddressChecked(ulong va)
+        {
+            if (!IsMapped(va))
+            {
+                ThrowInvalidMemoryRegionException($"Not mapped: va=0x{va:X16}");
+            }
+
+            return GetPhysicalAddressInternal(va);
+        }
+
+        private ulong GetPhysicalAddressInternal(ulong va)
+        {
+            return _pageTable.Read(va) + (va & PageMask);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Disposes of resources used by the memory manager.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected override void Destroy()
+        {
+            _addressSpace.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        private static void ThrowInvalidMemoryRegionException(string message) => throw new InvalidMemoryRegionException(message);
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/AppleHv/HvVcpu.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.AppleHv
+{
+    unsafe class HvVcpu
+    {
+        public readonly ulong Handle;
+        public readonly hv_vcpu_exit_t* ExitInfo;
+        public readonly IHvExecutionContext ShadowContext;
+        public readonly IHvExecutionContext NativeContext;
+        public readonly bool IsEphemeral;
+
+        public HvVcpu(
+            ulong handle,
+            hv_vcpu_exit_t* exitInfo,
+            IHvExecutionContext shadowContext,
+            IHvExecutionContext nativeContext,
+            bool isEphemeral)
+        {
+            Handle = handle;
+            ExitInfo = exitInfo;
+            ShadowContext = shadowContext;
+            NativeContext = nativeContext;
+            IsEphemeral = isEphemeral;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/AppleHv/HvVcpuPool.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+using System;
+using System.Threading;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.AppleHv
+{
+    class HvVcpuPool
+    {
+        // Since there's a limit on the number of VCPUs we can create,
+        // and we assign one VCPU per guest thread, we need to ensure
+        // there are enough VCPUs available for at least the maximum number of active guest threads.
+        // To do that, we always destroy and re-create VCPUs that are above a given limit.
+        // Those VCPUs are called "ephemeral" here because they are not kept for long.
+        //
+        // In the future, we might want to consider a smarter approach that only makes
+        // VCPUs for threads that are not running frequently "ephemeral", but this is
+        // complicated because VCPUs can only be destroyed by the same thread that created them.
+
+        private const int MaxActiveVcpus = 4;
+
+        public static readonly HvVcpuPool Instance = new HvVcpuPool();
+
+        private int _totalVcpus;
+        private int _maxVcpus;
+
+        public HvVcpuPool()
+        {
+            HvApi.hv_vm_get_max_vcpu_count(out uint maxVcpuCount).ThrowOnError();
+            _maxVcpus = (int)maxVcpuCount;
+        }
+
+        public HvVcpu Create(HvAddressSpace addressSpace, IHvExecutionContext shadowContext, Action<IHvExecutionContext> swapContext)
+        {
+            HvVcpu vcpu = CreateNew(addressSpace, shadowContext);
+            vcpu.NativeContext.Load(shadowContext);
+            swapContext(vcpu.NativeContext);
+            return vcpu;
+        }
+
+        public void Destroy(HvVcpu vcpu, Action<IHvExecutionContext> swapContext)
+        {
+            vcpu.ShadowContext.Load(vcpu.NativeContext);
+            swapContext(vcpu.ShadowContext);
+            DestroyVcpu(vcpu);
+        }
+
+        public void Return(HvVcpu vcpu, Action<IHvExecutionContext> swapContext)
+        {
+            if (vcpu.IsEphemeral)
+            {
+                Destroy(vcpu, swapContext);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public HvVcpu Rent(HvAddressSpace addressSpace, IHvExecutionContext shadowContext, HvVcpu vcpu, Action<IHvExecutionContext> swapContext)
+        {
+            if (vcpu.IsEphemeral)
+            {
+                return Create(addressSpace, shadowContext, swapContext);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return vcpu;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private unsafe HvVcpu CreateNew(HvAddressSpace addressSpace, IHvExecutionContext shadowContext)
+        {
+            int newCount = IncrementVcpuCount();
+            bool isEphemeral = newCount > _maxVcpus - MaxActiveVcpus;
+
+            // Create VCPU.
+            hv_vcpu_exit_t* exitInfo = null;
+            HvApi.hv_vcpu_create(out ulong vcpuHandle, ref exitInfo, IntPtr.Zero).ThrowOnError();
+
+            // Enable FP and SIMD instructions.
+            HvApi.hv_vcpu_set_sys_reg(vcpuHandle, hv_sys_reg_t.HV_SYS_REG_CPACR_EL1, 0b11 << 20).ThrowOnError();
+
+            addressSpace.InitializeMmu(vcpuHandle);
+
+            HvExecutionContextVcpu nativeContext = new HvExecutionContextVcpu(vcpuHandle);
+
+            HvVcpu vcpu = new HvVcpu(vcpuHandle, exitInfo, shadowContext, nativeContext, isEphemeral);
+
+            return vcpu;
+        }
+
+        private void DestroyVcpu(HvVcpu vcpu)
+        {
+            HvApi.hv_vcpu_destroy(vcpu.Handle).ThrowOnError();
+            DecrementVcpuCount();
+        }
+
+        private int IncrementVcpuCount()
+        {
+            return Interlocked.Increment(ref _totalVcpus);
+        }
+
+        private void DecrementVcpuCount()
+        {
+            Interlocked.Decrement(ref _totalVcpus);
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/AppleHv/HvVm.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+using Ryujinx.Memory;
+using System;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.AppleHv
+{
+    static class HvVm
+    {
+        // This alignment allows us to use larger blocks on the page table.
+        private const ulong AsIpaAlignment = 1UL << 30;
+
+        private static int _addressSpaces;
+        private static HvIpaAllocator _ipaAllocator;
+        private static object _lock = new object();
+
+        public static (ulong, HvIpaAllocator) CreateAddressSpace(MemoryBlock block)
+        {
+            HvIpaAllocator ipaAllocator;
+
+            lock (_lock)
+            {
+                if (++_addressSpaces == 1)
+                {
+                    HvApi.hv_vm_create(IntPtr.Zero).ThrowOnError();
+                    _ipaAllocator = ipaAllocator = new HvIpaAllocator();
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    ipaAllocator = _ipaAllocator;
+                }
+            }
+
+            ulong baseAddress;
+
+            lock (ipaAllocator)
+            {
+                baseAddress = ipaAllocator.Allocate(block.Size, AsIpaAlignment);
+            }
+
+            var rwx = hv_memory_flags_t.HV_MEMORY_READ | hv_memory_flags_t.HV_MEMORY_WRITE | hv_memory_flags_t.HV_MEMORY_EXEC;
+
+            HvApi.hv_vm_map((ulong)block.Pointer, baseAddress, block.Size, rwx).ThrowOnError();
+
+            return (baseAddress, ipaAllocator);
+        }
+
+        public static void DestroyAddressSpace(ulong address, ulong size)
+        {
+            HvApi.hv_vm_unmap(address, size);
+
+            HvIpaAllocator ipaAllocator;
+
+            lock (_lock)
+            {
+                if (--_addressSpaces == 0)
+                {
+                    HvApi.hv_vm_destroy().ThrowOnError();
+                }
+
+                ipaAllocator = _ipaAllocator;
+            }
+
+            lock (ipaAllocator)
+            {
+                ipaAllocator.Free(address, size);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/AppleHv/IHvExecutionContext.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+using ARMeilleure.State;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.AppleHv
+{
+    public interface IHvExecutionContext
+    {
+        ulong Pc { get; set; }
+        ulong ElrEl1 { get; set; }
+        ulong EsrEl1 { get; set; }
+
+        long TpidrEl0 { get; set; }
+        long TpidrroEl0 { get; set; }
+
+        uint Pstate { get; set; }
+
+        uint Fpcr { get; set; }
+        uint Fpsr { get; set; }
+
+        ulong GetX(int index);
+        void SetX(int index, ulong value);
+
+        V128 GetV(int index);
+        void SetV(int index, V128 value);
+
+        public void Load(IHvExecutionContext context)
+        {
+            Pc = context.Pc;
+            ElrEl1 = context.ElrEl1;
+            EsrEl1 = context.EsrEl1;
+            TpidrEl0 = context.TpidrEl0;
+            TpidrroEl0 = context.TpidrroEl0;
+            Pstate = context.Pstate;
+            Fpcr = context.Fpcr;
+            Fpsr = context.Fpsr;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++)
+            {
+                SetX(i, context.GetX(i));
+                SetV(i, context.GetV(i));
+            }
+        }
+
+        void RequestInterrupt();
+        bool GetAndClearInterruptRequested();
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/DrawManager.cs

@@ -725,10 +725,25 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 return;
             }
 
+            bool clearDepth = (argument & 1) != 0;
+            bool clearStencil = (argument & 2) != 0;
+            uint componentMask = (uint)((argument >> 2) & 0xf);
             int index = (argument >> 6) & 0xf;
             int layer = (argument >> 10) & 0x3ff;
 
-            engine.UpdateRenderTargetState(useControl: false, layered: layer != 0 || layerCount > 1, singleUse: index);
+            RenderTargetUpdateFlags updateFlags = RenderTargetUpdateFlags.SingleColor;
+
+            if (layer != 0 || layerCount > 1)
+            {
+                updateFlags |= RenderTargetUpdateFlags.Layered;
+            }
+
+            if (clearDepth || clearStencil)
+            {
+                updateFlags |= RenderTargetUpdateFlags.UpdateDepthStencil;
+            }
+
+            engine.UpdateRenderTargetState(updateFlags, singleUse: componentMask != 0 ? index : -1);
 
             // If there is a mismatch on the host clip region and the one explicitly defined by the guest
             // on the screen scissor state, then we need to force only one texture to be bound to avoid
@@ -788,18 +803,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetScissors(scissors);
             }
 
-            if (clipMismatch)
-            {
-                _channel.TextureManager.UpdateRenderTarget(index);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                _channel.TextureManager.UpdateRenderTargets();
-            }
-
-            bool clearDepth = (argument & 1) != 0;
-            bool clearStencil = (argument & 2) != 0;
-            uint componentMask = (uint)((argument >> 2) & 0xf);
+            _channel.TextureManager.UpdateRenderTargets();
 
             if (componentMask != 0)
             {
@@ -841,7 +845,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 engine.UpdateScissorState();
             }
 
-            engine.UpdateRenderTargetState(useControl: true);
+            engine.UpdateRenderTargetState(RenderTargetUpdateFlags.UpdateAll);
 
             if (renderEnable == ConditionalRenderEnabled.Host)
             {

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/RenderTargetUpdateFlags.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+using System;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Flags indicating how the render targets should be updated.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Flags]
+    enum RenderTargetUpdateFlags
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// No flags.
+        /// </summary>
+        None = 0,
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get render target index from the control register.
+        /// </summary>
+        UseControl = 1 << 0,
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Indicates that all render targets are 2D array textures.
+        /// </summary>
+        Layered = 1 << 1,
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Indicates that only a single color target will be used.
+        /// </summary>
+        SingleColor = 1 << 2,
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Indicates that the depth-stencil target will be used.
+        /// </summary>
+        UpdateDepthStencil = 1 << 3,
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Default update flags for draw.
+        /// </summary>
+        UpdateAll = UseControl | UpdateDepthStencil
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/StateUpdater.cs

@@ -402,20 +402,23 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         /// </summary>
         private void UpdateRenderTargetState()
         {
-            UpdateRenderTargetState(true);
+            UpdateRenderTargetState(RenderTargetUpdateFlags.UpdateAll);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Updates render targets (color and depth-stencil buffers) based on current render target state.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="useControl">Use draw buffers information from render target control register</param>
-        /// <param name="layered">Indicates if the texture is layered</param>
+        /// <param name="updateFlags">Flags indicating which render targets should be updated and how</param>
         /// <param name="singleUse">If this is not -1, it indicates that only the given indexed target will be used.</param>
-        public void UpdateRenderTargetState(bool useControl, bool layered = false, int singleUse = -1)
+        public void UpdateRenderTargetState(RenderTargetUpdateFlags updateFlags, int singleUse = -1)
         {
             var memoryManager = _channel.MemoryManager;
             var rtControl = _state.State.RtControl;
 
+            bool useControl = updateFlags.HasFlag(RenderTargetUpdateFlags.UseControl);
+            bool layered = updateFlags.HasFlag(RenderTargetUpdateFlags.Layered);
+            bool singleColor = updateFlags.HasFlag(RenderTargetUpdateFlags.SingleColor);
+
             int count = useControl ? rtControl.UnpackCount() : Constants.TotalRenderTargets;
 
             var msaaMode = _state.State.RtMsaaMode;
@@ -438,7 +441,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
 
                 var colorState = _state.State.RtColorState[rtIndex];
 
-                if (index >= count || !IsRtEnabled(colorState))
+                if (index >= count || !IsRtEnabled(colorState) || (singleColor && index != singleUse))
                 {
                     changedScale |= _channel.TextureManager.SetRenderTargetColor(index, null);
 
@@ -478,7 +481,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
 
             Image.Texture depthStencil = null;
 
-            if (dsEnable)
+            if (dsEnable && updateFlags.HasFlag(RenderTargetUpdateFlags.UpdateDepthStencil))
             {
                 var dsState = _state.State.RtDepthStencilState;
                 var dsSize = _state.State.RtDepthStencilSize;

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/ThreedClass.cs

@@ -139,12 +139,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         /// <summary>
         /// Updates render targets (color and depth-stencil buffers) based on current render target state.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="useControl">Use draw buffers information from render target control register</param>
-        /// <param name="layered">Indicates if the texture is layered</param>
+        /// <param name="updateFlags">Flags indicating which render targets should be updated and how</param>
         /// <param name="singleUse">If this is not -1, it indicates that only the given indexed target will be used.</param>
-        public void UpdateRenderTargetState(bool useControl, bool layered = false, int singleUse = -1)
+        public void UpdateRenderTargetState(RenderTargetUpdateFlags updateFlags, int singleUse = -1)
         {
-            _stateUpdater.UpdateRenderTargetState(useControl, layered, singleUse);
+            _stateUpdater.UpdateRenderTargetState(updateFlags, singleUse);
         }
 
         /// <summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/AutoDeleteCache.cs

@@ -33,10 +33,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
     /// </summary>
     class AutoDeleteCache : IEnumerable<Texture>
     {
+        private const int MinCountForDeletion = 32;
         private const int MaxCapacity = 2048;
+        private const ulong MaxTextureSizeCapacity = 512 * 1024 * 1024; // MB;
 
         private readonly LinkedList<Texture> _textures;
-        private readonly ConcurrentQueue<Texture> _deferredRemovals;
+        private ulong _totalSize;
 
         private HashSet<ShortTextureCacheEntry> _shortCacheBuilder;
         private HashSet<ShortTextureCacheEntry> _shortCache;
@@ -49,7 +51,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         public AutoDeleteCache()
         {
             _textures = new LinkedList<Texture>();
-            _deferredRemovals = new ConcurrentQueue<Texture>();
 
             _shortCacheBuilder = new HashSet<ShortTextureCacheEntry>();
             _shortCache = new HashSet<ShortTextureCacheEntry>();
@@ -67,37 +68,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <param name="texture">The texture to be added to the cache</param>
         public void Add(Texture texture)
         {
-            texture.IncrementReferenceCount();
+            _totalSize += texture.Size;
 
+            texture.IncrementReferenceCount();
             texture.CacheNode = _textures.AddLast(texture);
 
-            if (_textures.Count > MaxCapacity)
+            if (_textures.Count > MaxCapacity ||
+                (_totalSize > MaxTextureSizeCapacity && _textures.Count >= MinCountForDeletion))
             {
-                Texture oldestTexture = _textures.First.Value;
-
-                if (!oldestTexture.CheckModified(false))
-                {
-                    // The texture must be flushed if it falls out of the auto delete cache.
-                    // Flushes out of the auto delete cache do not trigger write tracking,
-                    // as it is expected that other overlapping textures exist that have more up-to-date contents.
-
-                    oldestTexture.Group.SynchronizeDependents(oldestTexture);
-                    oldestTexture.FlushModified(false);
-                }
-
-                _textures.RemoveFirst();
-
-                oldestTexture.DecrementReferenceCount();
-
-                oldestTexture.CacheNode = null;
-            }
-
-            if (_deferredRemovals.Count > 0)
-            {
-                while (_deferredRemovals.TryDequeue(out Texture textureToRemove))
-                {
-                    Remove(textureToRemove, false);
-                }
+                RemoveLeastUsedTexture();
             }
         }
 
@@ -120,6 +99,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
                     texture.CacheNode = _textures.AddLast(texture);
                 }
+
+                if (_totalSize > MaxTextureSizeCapacity && _textures.Count >= MinCountForDeletion)
+                {
+                    RemoveLeastUsedTexture();
+                }
             }
             else
             {
@@ -127,6 +111,31 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             }
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Removes the least used texture from the cache.
+        /// </summary>
+        private void RemoveLeastUsedTexture()
+        {
+            Texture oldestTexture = _textures.First.Value;
+
+            _totalSize -= oldestTexture.Size;
+
+            if (!oldestTexture.CheckModified(false))
+            {
+                // The texture must be flushed if it falls out of the auto delete cache.
+                // Flushes out of the auto delete cache do not trigger write tracking,
+                // as it is expected that other overlapping textures exist that have more up-to-date contents.
+
+                oldestTexture.Group.SynchronizeDependents(oldestTexture);
+                oldestTexture.FlushModified(false);
+            }
+
+            _textures.RemoveFirst();
+
+            oldestTexture.DecrementReferenceCount();
+            oldestTexture.CacheNode = null;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Removes a texture from the cache.
         /// </summary>
@@ -148,20 +157,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
             _textures.Remove(texture.CacheNode);
 
+            _totalSize -= texture.Size;
+
             texture.CacheNode = null;
 
             return texture.DecrementReferenceCount();
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Queues removal of a texture from the cache in a thread safe way.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="texture">The texture to be removed from the cache</param>
-        public void RemoveDeferred(Texture texture)
-        {
-            _deferredRemovals.Enqueue(texture);
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Attempt to find a texture on the short duration cache.
         /// </summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/Texture.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-using Ryujinx.Common;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
@@ -89,12 +88,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// </summary>
         public TextureGroup Group { get; private set; }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Set when a texture has been changed size. This indicates that it may need to be
-        /// changed again when obtained as a sampler.
-        /// </summary>
-        public bool ChangedSize { get; private set; }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Set when a texture's GPU VA has ever been partially or fully unmapped.
         /// This indicates that the range must be fully checked when matching the texture.
@@ -410,122 +403,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             Group.CreateCopyDependency(contained, FirstLayer + layer, FirstLevel + level, copyTo);
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Changes the texture size.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <remarks>
-        /// This operation may also change the size of all mipmap levels, including from the parent
-        /// and other possible child textures, to ensure that all sizes are consistent.
-        /// </remarks>
-        /// <param name="width">The new texture width</param>
-        /// <param name="height">The new texture height</param>
-        /// <param name="depthOrLayers">The new texture depth (for 3D textures) or layers (for layered textures)</param>
-        public void ChangeSize(int width, int height, int depthOrLayers)
-        {
-            int blockWidth = Info.FormatInfo.BlockWidth;
-            int blockHeight = Info.FormatInfo.BlockHeight;
-
-            width  <<= FirstLevel;
-            height <<= FirstLevel;
-
-            if (Target == Target.Texture3D)
-            {
-                depthOrLayers <<= FirstLevel;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                depthOrLayers = _viewStorage.Info.DepthOrLayers;
-            }
-
-            _viewStorage.RecreateStorageOrView(width, height, blockWidth, blockHeight, depthOrLayers);
-
-            foreach (Texture view in _viewStorage._views)
-            {
-                int viewWidth  = Math.Max(1, width  >> view.FirstLevel);
-                int viewHeight = Math.Max(1, height >> view.FirstLevel);
-
-                int viewDepthOrLayers;
-
-                if (view.Info.Target == Target.Texture3D)
-                {
-                    viewDepthOrLayers = Math.Max(1, depthOrLayers >> view.FirstLevel);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    viewDepthOrLayers = view.Info.DepthOrLayers;
-                }
-
-                view.RecreateStorageOrView(viewWidth, viewHeight, blockWidth, blockHeight, viewDepthOrLayers);
-            }
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Recreates the texture storage (or view, in the case of child textures) of this texture.
-        /// This allows recreating the texture with a new size.
-        /// A copy is automatically performed from the old to the new texture.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="width">The new texture width</param>
-        /// <param name="height">The new texture height</param>
-        /// <param name="width">The block width related to the given width</param>
-        /// <param name="height">The block height related to the given height</param>
-        /// <param name="depthOrLayers">The new texture depth (for 3D textures) or layers (for layered textures)</param>
-        private void RecreateStorageOrView(int width, int height, int blockWidth, int blockHeight, int depthOrLayers)
-        {
-            RecreateStorageOrView(
-                BitUtils.DivRoundUp(width * Info.FormatInfo.BlockWidth, blockWidth),
-                BitUtils.DivRoundUp(height * Info.FormatInfo.BlockHeight, blockHeight),
-                depthOrLayers);
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Recreates the texture storage (or view, in the case of child textures) of this texture.
-        /// This allows recreating the texture with a new size.
-        /// A copy is automatically performed from the old to the new texture.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="width">The new texture width</param>
-        /// <param name="height">The new texture height</param>
-        /// <param name="depthOrLayers">The new texture depth (for 3D textures) or layers (for layered textures)</param>
-        private void RecreateStorageOrView(int width, int height, int depthOrLayers)
-        {
-            ChangedSize = true;
-
-            SetInfo(new TextureInfo(
-                Info.GpuAddress,
-                width,
-                height,
-                depthOrLayers,
-                Info.Levels,
-                Info.SamplesInX,
-                Info.SamplesInY,
-                Info.Stride,
-                Info.IsLinear,
-                Info.GobBlocksInY,
-                Info.GobBlocksInZ,
-                Info.GobBlocksInTileX,
-                Info.Target,
-                Info.FormatInfo,
-                Info.DepthStencilMode,
-                Info.SwizzleR,
-                Info.SwizzleG,
-                Info.SwizzleB,
-                Info.SwizzleA));
-
-            TextureCreateInfo createInfo = TextureCache.GetCreateInfo(Info, _context.Capabilities, ScaleFactor);
-
-            if (_viewStorage != this)
-            {
-                ReplaceStorage(_viewStorage.HostTexture.CreateView(createInfo, FirstLayer, FirstLevel));
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                ITexture newStorage = _context.Renderer.CreateTexture(createInfo, ScaleFactor);
-
-                HostTexture.CopyTo(newStorage, 0, 0);
-
-                ReplaceStorage(newStorage);
-            }
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Registers when a texture has had its data set after being scaled, and
         /// determines if it should be blacklisted from scaling to improve performance.
@@ -1215,7 +1092,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <returns>A value indicating how well this texture matches the given info</returns>
         public TextureMatchQuality IsExactMatch(TextureInfo info, TextureSearchFlags flags)
         {
-            TextureMatchQuality matchQuality = TextureCompatibility.FormatMatches(Info, info, (flags & TextureSearchFlags.ForSampler) != 0, (flags & TextureSearchFlags.ForCopy) != 0);
+            bool forSampler = (flags & TextureSearchFlags.ForSampler) != 0;
+
+            TextureMatchQuality matchQuality = TextureCompatibility.FormatMatches(Info, info, forSampler, (flags & TextureSearchFlags.ForCopy) != 0);
 
             if (matchQuality == TextureMatchQuality.NoMatch)
             {
@@ -1227,12 +1106,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 return TextureMatchQuality.NoMatch;
             }
 
-            if (!TextureCompatibility.SizeMatches(Info, info, (flags & TextureSearchFlags.Strict) == 0, FirstLevel))
+            if (!TextureCompatibility.SizeMatches(Info, info, forSampler))
             {
                 return TextureMatchQuality.NoMatch;
             }
 
-            if ((flags & TextureSearchFlags.ForSampler) != 0 || (flags & TextureSearchFlags.Strict) != 0)
+            if ((flags & TextureSearchFlags.ForSampler) != 0)
             {
                 if (!TextureCompatibility.SamplerParamsMatches(Info, info))
                 {
@@ -1262,12 +1141,20 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="info">Texture view information</param>
         /// <param name="range">Texture view physical memory ranges</param>
+        /// <param name="exactSize">Indicates if the texture sizes must be exactly equal, or width is allowed to differ</param>
         /// <param name="layerSize">Layer size on the given texture</param>
         /// <param name="caps">Host GPU capabilities</param>
         /// <param name="firstLayer">Texture view initial layer on this texture</param>
         /// <param name="firstLevel">Texture view first mipmap level on this texture</param>
         /// <returns>The level of compatiblilty a view with the given parameters created from this texture has</returns>
-        public TextureViewCompatibility IsViewCompatible(TextureInfo info, MultiRange range, int layerSize, Capabilities caps, out int firstLayer, out int firstLevel)
+        public TextureViewCompatibility IsViewCompatible(
+            TextureInfo info,
+            MultiRange range,
+            bool exactSize,
+            int layerSize,
+            Capabilities caps,
+            out int firstLayer,
+            out int firstLevel)
         {
             TextureViewCompatibility result = TextureViewCompatibility.Full;
 
@@ -1317,7 +1204,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 return TextureViewCompatibility.LayoutIncompatible;
             }
 
-            result = TextureCompatibility.PropagateViewCompatibility(result, TextureCompatibility.ViewSizeMatches(Info, info, firstLevel));
+            result = TextureCompatibility.PropagateViewCompatibility(result, TextureCompatibility.ViewSizeMatches(Info, info, exactSize, firstLevel));
             result = TextureCompatibility.PropagateViewCompatibility(result, TextureCompatibility.ViewSubImagesInBounds(Info, info, firstLayer, firstLevel));
 
             return result;
@@ -1750,13 +1637,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             }
 
             RemoveFromPools(true);
-
-            // We only want to remove if there's no mapped region of the texture that was modified by the GPU,
-            // otherwise we could lose data.
-            if (!Group.AnyModified(this))
-            {
-                _physicalMemory.TextureCache.QueueAutoDeleteCacheRemoval(this);
-            }
         }
 
         /// <summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureCache.cs

@@ -210,8 +210,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             ulong offset,
             FormatInfo formatInfo,
             bool shouldCreate,
-            bool preferScaling = true,
-            Size? sizeHint = null)
+            bool preferScaling,
+            Size sizeHint)
         {
             int gobBlocksInY = copyTexture.MemoryLayout.UnpackGobBlocksInY();
             int gobBlocksInZ = copyTexture.MemoryLayout.UnpackGobBlocksInZ();
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
             TextureInfo info = new TextureInfo(
                 copyTexture.Address.Pack() + offset,
-                width,
+                GetMinimumWidthInGob(width, sizeHint.Width, formatInfo.BytesPerPixel, copyTexture.LinearLayout),
                 copyTexture.Height,
                 copyTexture.Depth,
                 1,
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 flags |= TextureSearchFlags.NoCreate;
             }
 
-            Texture texture = FindOrCreateTexture(memoryManager, flags, info, 0, sizeHint);
+            Texture texture = FindOrCreateTexture(memoryManager, flags, info, 0);
 
             texture?.SynchronizeMemory();
 
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
             TextureInfo info = new TextureInfo(
                 colorState.Address.Pack(),
-                width,
+                GetMinimumWidthInGob(width, sizeHint.Width, formatInfo.BytesPerPixel, isLinear),
                 colorState.Height,
                 colorState.Depth,
                 1,
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
             int layerSize = !isLinear ? colorState.LayerSize * 4 : 0;
 
-            Texture texture = FindOrCreateTexture(memoryManager, TextureSearchFlags.WithUpscale, info, layerSize, sizeHint);
+            Texture texture = FindOrCreateTexture(memoryManager, TextureSearchFlags.WithUpscale, info, layerSize);
 
             texture?.SynchronizeMemory();
 
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
             TextureInfo info = new TextureInfo(
                 dsState.Address.Pack(),
-                size.Width,
+                GetMinimumWidthInGob(size.Width, sizeHint.Width, formatInfo.BytesPerPixel, false),
                 size.Height,
                 size.Depth,
                 1,
@@ -409,13 +409,41 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 target,
                 formatInfo);
 
-            Texture texture = FindOrCreateTexture(memoryManager, TextureSearchFlags.WithUpscale, info, dsState.LayerSize * 4, sizeHint);
+            Texture texture = FindOrCreateTexture(memoryManager, TextureSearchFlags.WithUpscale, info, dsState.LayerSize * 4);
 
             texture?.SynchronizeMemory();
 
             return texture;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// For block linear textures, gets the minimum width of the texture
+        /// that would still have the same number of GOBs per row as the original width.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="width">The possibly aligned texture width</param>
+        /// <param name="minimumWidth">The minimum width that the texture may have without losing data</param>
+        /// <param name="bytesPerPixel">Bytes per pixel of the texture format</param>
+        /// <param name="isLinear">True if the texture is linear, false for block linear</param>
+        /// <returns>The minimum width of the texture with the same amount of GOBs per row</returns>
+        private static int GetMinimumWidthInGob(int width, int minimumWidth, int bytesPerPixel, bool isLinear)
+        {
+            if (isLinear || (uint)minimumWidth >= (uint)width)
+            {
+                return width;
+            }
+
+            // Calculate the minimum possible that would not cause data loss
+            // and would be still within the same GOB (aligned size would be the same).
+            // This is useful for render and copy operations, where we don't know the
+            // exact width of the texture, but it doesn't matter, as long the texture is
+            // at least as large as the region being rendered or copied.
+
+            int alignment = 64 / bytesPerPixel;
+            int widthAligned = BitUtils.AlignUp(width, alignment);
+
+            return Math.Clamp(widthAligned - alignment + 1, minimumWidth, widthAligned);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Tries to find an existing texture, or create a new one if not found.
         /// </summary>
@@ -423,7 +451,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <param name="flags">The texture search flags, defines texture comparison rules</param>
         /// <param name="info">Texture information of the texture to be found or created</param>
         /// <param name="layerSize">Size in bytes of a single texture layer</param>
-        /// <param name="sizeHint">A hint indicating the minimum used size for the texture</param>
         /// <param name="range">Optional ranges of physical memory where the texture data is located</param>
         /// <returns>The texture</returns>
         public Texture FindOrCreateTexture(
@@ -431,7 +458,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             TextureSearchFlags flags,
             TextureInfo info,
             int layerSize = 0,
-            Size? sizeHint = null,
             MultiRange? range = null)
         {
             bool isSamplerTexture = (flags & TextureSearchFlags.ForSampler) != 0;
@@ -448,6 +474,29 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             {
                 address = memoryManager.Translate(info.GpuAddress);
 
+                // If the start address is unmapped, let's try to find a page of memory that is mapped.
+                if (address == MemoryManager.PteUnmapped)
+                {
+                    // Make sure that the dimensions are valid before calculating the texture size.
+                    if (info.Width < 1 || info.Height < 1 || info.Levels < 1)
+                    {
+                        return null;
+                    }
+
+                    if ((info.Target == Target.Texture3D ||
+                         info.Target == Target.Texture2DArray ||
+                         info.Target == Target.Texture2DMultisampleArray ||
+                         info.Target == Target.CubemapArray) && info.DepthOrLayers < 1)
+                    {
+                        return null;
+                    }
+
+                    ulong dataSize = (ulong)info.CalculateSizeInfo(layerSize).TotalSize;
+
+                    address = memoryManager.TranslateFirstMapped(info.GpuAddress, dataSize);
+                }
+
+                // If address is still invalid, the texture is fully unmapped, so it has no data, just return null.
                 if (address == MemoryManager.PteUnmapped)
                 {
                     return null;
@@ -512,8 +561,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
             if (texture != null)
             {
-                ChangeSizeIfNeeded(info, texture, isSamplerTexture, sizeHint);
-
                 texture.SynchronizeMemory();
 
                 return texture;
@@ -568,6 +615,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 TextureViewCompatibility overlapCompatibility = overlap.IsViewCompatible(
                     info,
                     range.Value,
+                    isSamplerTexture,
                     sizeInfo.LayerSize,
                     _context.Capabilities,
                     out int firstLayer,
@@ -598,17 +646,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
                 if (oInfo.Compatibility == TextureViewCompatibility.Full)
                 {
-                    TextureInfo adjInfo = AdjustSizes(overlap, info, oInfo.FirstLevel);
-
                     if (!isSamplerTexture)
                     {
-                        info = adjInfo;
+                        // If this is not a sampler texture, the size might be different from the requested size,
+                        // so we need to make sure the texture information has the correct size for this base texture,
+                        // before creating the view.
+                        info = info.CreateInfoForLevelView(overlap, oInfo.FirstLevel);
                     }
 
-                    texture = overlap.CreateView(adjInfo, sizeInfo, range.Value, oInfo.FirstLayer, oInfo.FirstLevel);
-
-                    ChangeSizeIfNeeded(info, texture, isSamplerTexture, sizeHint);
-
+                    texture = overlap.CreateView(info, sizeInfo, range.Value, oInfo.FirstLayer, oInfo.FirstLevel);
                     texture.SynchronizeMemory();
                     break;
                 }
@@ -682,6 +728,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     TextureViewCompatibility compatibility = texture.IsViewCompatible(
                         overlap.Info,
                         overlap.Range,
+                        exactSize: true,
                         overlap.LayerSize,
                         _context.Capabilities,
                         out int firstLayer,
@@ -792,7 +839,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                         continue;
                     }
 
-                    TextureInfo overlapInfo = AdjustSizes(texture, overlap.Info, oInfo.FirstLevel);
+                    // Note: If we allow different sizes for those overlaps,
+                    // we need to make sure that the "info" has the correct size for the parent texture here.
+                    // Since this is not allowed right now, we don't need to do it.
+
+                    TextureInfo overlapInfo = overlap.Info;
 
                     if (texture.ScaleFactor != overlap.ScaleFactor)
                     {
@@ -856,44 +907,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             return texture;
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Changes a texture's size to match the desired size for samplers,
-        /// or increases a texture's size to fit the region indicated by a size hint.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="info">The desired texture info</param>
-        /// <param name="texture">The texture to resize</param>
-        /// <param name="isSamplerTexture">True if the texture will be used for a sampler, false otherwise</param>
-        /// <param name="sizeHint">A hint indicating the minimum used size for the texture</param>
-        private void ChangeSizeIfNeeded(TextureInfo info, Texture texture, bool isSamplerTexture, Size? sizeHint)
-        {
-            if (isSamplerTexture)
-            {
-                // If this is used for sampling, the size must match,
-                // otherwise the shader would sample garbage data.
-                // To fix that, we create a new texture with the correct
-                // size, and copy the data from the old one to the new one.
-
-                if (!TextureCompatibility.SizeMatches(texture.Info, info))
-                {
-                    texture.ChangeSize(info.Width, info.Height, info.DepthOrLayers);
-                }
-            }
-            else if (sizeHint != null)
-            {
-                // A size hint indicates that data will be used within that range, at least.
-                // If the texture is smaller than the size hint, it must be enlarged to meet it.
-                // The maximum size is provided by the requested info, which generally has an aligned size.
-
-                int width = Math.Max(texture.Info.Width, Math.Min(sizeHint.Value.Width, info.Width));
-                int height = Math.Max(texture.Info.Height, Math.Min(sizeHint.Value.Height, info.Height));
-
-                if (texture.Info.Width != width || texture.Info.Height != height)
-                {
-                    texture.ChangeSize(width, height, info.DepthOrLayers);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Attempt to find a texture on the short duration cache.
         /// </summary>
@@ -1000,92 +1013,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             }
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Adjusts the size of the texture information for a given mipmap level,
-        /// based on the size of a parent texture.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="parent">The parent texture</param>
-        /// <param name="info">The texture information to be adjusted</param>
-        /// <param name="firstLevel">The first level of the texture view</param>
-        /// <returns>The adjusted texture information with the new size</returns>
-        private static TextureInfo AdjustSizes(Texture parent, TextureInfo info, int firstLevel)
-        {
-            // When the texture is used as view of another texture, we must
-            // ensure that the sizes are valid, otherwise data uploads would fail
-            // (and the size wouldn't match the real size used on the host API).
-            // Given a parent texture from where the view is created, we have the
-            // following rules:
-            // - The view size must be equal to the parent size, divided by (2 ^ l),
-            // where l is the first mipmap level of the view. The division result must
-            // be rounded down, and the result must be clamped to 1.
-            // - If the parent format is compressed, and the view format isn't, the
-            // view size is calculated as above, but the width and height of the
-            // view must be also divided by the compressed format block width and height.
-            // - If the parent format is not compressed, and the view is, the view
-            // size is calculated as described on the first point, but the width and height
-            // of the view must be also multiplied by the block width and height.
-            int width  = Math.Max(1, parent.Info.Width  >> firstLevel);
-            int height = Math.Max(1, parent.Info.Height >> firstLevel);
-
-            if (parent.Info.FormatInfo.IsCompressed && !info.FormatInfo.IsCompressed)
-            {
-                width  = BitUtils.DivRoundUp(width,  parent.Info.FormatInfo.BlockWidth);
-                height = BitUtils.DivRoundUp(height, parent.Info.FormatInfo.BlockHeight);
-            }
-            else if (!parent.Info.FormatInfo.IsCompressed && info.FormatInfo.IsCompressed)
-            {
-                width  *= info.FormatInfo.BlockWidth;
-                height *= info.FormatInfo.BlockHeight;
-            }
-
-            int depthOrLayers;
-
-            if (info.Target == Target.Texture3D)
-            {
-                depthOrLayers = Math.Max(1, parent.Info.DepthOrLayers >> firstLevel);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                depthOrLayers = info.DepthOrLayers;
-            }
-
-            // 2D and 2D multisample textures are not considered compatible.
-            // This specific case is required for copies, where the source texture might be multisample.
-            // In this case, we inherit the parent texture multisample state.
-            Target target = info.Target;
-            int samplesInX = info.SamplesInX;
-            int samplesInY = info.SamplesInY;
-
-            if (target == Target.Texture2D && parent.Target == Target.Texture2DMultisample)
-            {
-                target = Target.Texture2DMultisample;
-                samplesInX = parent.Info.SamplesInX;
-                samplesInY = parent.Info.SamplesInY;
-            }
-
-            return new TextureInfo(
-                info.GpuAddress,
-                width,
-                height,
-                depthOrLayers,
-                info.Levels,
-                samplesInX,
-                samplesInY,
-                info.Stride,
-                info.IsLinear,
-                info.GobBlocksInY,
-                info.GobBlocksInZ,
-                info.GobBlocksInTileX,
-                target,
-                info.FormatInfo,
-                info.DepthStencilMode,
-                info.SwizzleR,
-                info.SwizzleG,
-                info.SwizzleB,
-                info.SwizzleA);
-        }
-
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets a texture creation information from texture information.
         /// This can be used to create new host textures.
@@ -1175,19 +1102,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             }
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Queues the removal of a texture from the auto delete cache.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <remarks>
-        /// This function is thread safe and can be called from any thread.
-        /// The texture will be deleted on the next time the cache is used.
-        /// </remarks>
-        /// <param name="texture">The texture to be removed</param>
-        public void QueueAutoDeleteCacheRemoval(Texture texture)
-        {
-            _cache.RemoveDeferred(texture);
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Adds a texture to the short duration cache. This typically keeps it alive for two ticks.
         /// </summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureCompatibility.cs

@@ -380,42 +380,37 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="lhs">Texture information of the texture view</param>
         /// <param name="rhs">Texture information of the texture view to match against</param>
+        /// <param name="exact">Indicates if the sizes must be exactly equal</param>
         /// <param name="level">Mipmap level of the texture view in relation to this texture</param>
         /// <returns>The view compatibility level of the view sizes</returns>
-        public static TextureViewCompatibility ViewSizeMatches(TextureInfo lhs, TextureInfo rhs, int level)
+        public static TextureViewCompatibility ViewSizeMatches(TextureInfo lhs, TextureInfo rhs, bool exact, int level)
         {
-            Size size = GetAlignedSize(lhs, level);
+            Size lhsAlignedSize = GetAlignedSize(lhs, level);
+            Size rhsAlignedSize = GetAlignedSize(rhs);
 
-            Size otherSize = GetAlignedSize(rhs);
+            Size lhsSize = GetSizeInBlocks(lhs, level);
+            Size rhsSize = GetSizeInBlocks(rhs);
 
             TextureViewCompatibility result = TextureViewCompatibility.Full;
 
             // For copies, we can copy a subset of the 3D texture slices,
             // so the depth may be different in this case.
-            if (rhs.Target == Target.Texture3D && size.Depth != otherSize.Depth)
+            if (rhs.Target == Target.Texture3D && lhsSize.Depth != rhsSize.Depth)
             {
                 result = TextureViewCompatibility.CopyOnly;
             }
 
-            if (size.Width == otherSize.Width && size.Height == otherSize.Height)
+            // Some APIs align the width for copy and render target textures,
+            // so the width may not match in this case for different uses of the same texture.
+            // To account for this, we compare the aligned width here.
+            // We expect height to always match exactly, if the texture is the same.
+            if (lhsAlignedSize.Width == rhsAlignedSize.Width && lhsSize.Height == rhsSize.Height)
             {
-                if (level > 0 && result == TextureViewCompatibility.Full)
-                {
-                    // A resize should not change the aligned size of the largest mip.
-                    // If it would, then create a copy dependency rather than a full view.
-
-                    Size mip0SizeLhs = GetAlignedSize(lhs);
-                    Size mip0SizeRhs = GetLargestAlignedSize(rhs, level);
-
-                    if (mip0SizeLhs.Width != mip0SizeRhs.Width || mip0SizeLhs.Height != mip0SizeRhs.Height)
-                    {
-                        result = TextureViewCompatibility.CopyOnly;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                return result;
+                return (exact && lhsSize.Width != rhsSize.Width) || lhsSize.Width < rhsSize.Width
+                    ? TextureViewCompatibility.CopyOnly
+                    : result;
             }
-            else if (lhs.IsLinear && rhs.IsLinear)
+            else if (lhs.IsLinear && rhs.IsLinear && lhsSize.Height == rhsSize.Height)
             {
                 // Copy between linear textures with matching stride.
                 int stride = BitUtils.AlignUp(Math.Max(1, lhs.Stride >> level), Constants.StrideAlignment);
@@ -454,57 +449,33 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="lhs">Texture information to compare</param>
         /// <param name="rhs">Texture information to compare with</param>
-        /// <returns>True if the size matches, false otherwise</returns>
-        public static bool SizeMatches(TextureInfo lhs, TextureInfo rhs)
-        {
-            return SizeMatches(lhs, rhs, alignSizes: false);
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Checks if the texture sizes of the supplied texture informations match the given level
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="lhs">Texture information to compare</param>
-        /// <param name="rhs">Texture information to compare with</param>
-        /// <param name="level">Mipmap level of this texture to compare with</param>
-        /// <returns>True if the size matches with the level, false otherwise</returns>
-        public static bool SizeMatches(TextureInfo lhs, TextureInfo rhs, int level)
-        {
-            return Math.Max(1, lhs.Width >> level)      == rhs.Width &&
-                   Math.Max(1, lhs.Height >> level)     == rhs.Height &&
-                   Math.Max(1, lhs.GetDepth() >> level) == rhs.GetDepth();
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Checks if the texture sizes of the supplied texture informations match.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="lhs">Texture information to compare</param>
-        /// <param name="rhs">Texture information to compare with</param>
-        /// <param name="alignSizes">True to align the sizes according to the texture layout for comparison</param>
-        /// <param name="lhsLevel">Mip level of the lhs texture. Aligned sizes are compared for the largest mip</param>
+        /// <param name="exact">Indicates if the size must be exactly equal between the textures, or if <paramref name="rhs"/> is allowed to be larger</param>
         /// <returns>True if the sizes matches, false otherwise</returns>
-        public static bool SizeMatches(TextureInfo lhs, TextureInfo rhs, bool alignSizes, int lhsLevel = 0)
+        public static bool SizeMatches(TextureInfo lhs, TextureInfo rhs, bool exact)
         {
             if (lhs.GetLayers() != rhs.GetLayers())
             {
                 return false;
             }
 
-            bool isTextureBuffer = lhs.Target == Target.TextureBuffer || rhs.Target == Target.TextureBuffer;
+            Size lhsSize = GetSizeInBlocks(lhs);
+            Size rhsSize = GetSizeInBlocks(rhs);
 
-            if (alignSizes && !isTextureBuffer)
+            if (exact || lhs.IsLinear || rhs.IsLinear)
             {
-                Size size0 = GetLargestAlignedSize(lhs, lhsLevel);
-                Size size1 = GetLargestAlignedSize(rhs, lhsLevel);
-
-                return size0.Width  == size1.Width &&
-                       size0.Height == size1.Height &&
-                       size0.Depth  == size1.Depth;
+                return lhsSize.Width == rhsSize.Width &&
+                       lhsSize.Height == rhsSize.Height &&
+                       lhsSize.Depth == rhsSize.Depth;
             }
             else
             {
-                return lhs.Width      == rhs.Width &&
-                       lhs.Height     == rhs.Height &&
-                       lhs.GetDepth() == rhs.GetDepth();
+                Size lhsAlignedSize = GetAlignedSize(lhs);
+                Size rhsAlignedSize = GetAlignedSize(rhs);
+
+                return lhsAlignedSize.Width == rhsAlignedSize.Width &&
+                       lhsSize.Width >= rhsSize.Width &&
+                       lhsSize.Height == rhsSize.Height &&
+                       lhsSize.Depth == rhsSize.Depth;
             }
         }
 
@@ -543,22 +514,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             }
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Gets the aligned sizes of the specified texture information, shifted to the largest mip from a given level.
-        /// The alignment depends on the texture layout and format bytes per pixel.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="info">Texture information to calculate the aligned size from</param>
-        /// <param name="level">Mipmap level for texture views. Shifts the aligned size to represent the largest mip level</param>
-        /// <returns>The aligned texture size of the largest mip level</returns>
-        public static Size GetLargestAlignedSize(TextureInfo info, int level)
-        {
-            int width = info.Width << level;
-            int height = info.Height << level;
-            int depth = info.GetDepth() << level;
-
-            return GetAlignedSize(info, width, height, depth);
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets the aligned sizes of the specified texture information.
         /// The alignment depends on the texture layout and format bytes per pixel.
@@ -575,6 +530,25 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             return GetAlignedSize(info, width, height, depth);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the size in blocks for the given texture information.
+        /// For non-compressed formats, that's the same as the regular size.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="info">Texture information to calculate the aligned size from</param>
+        /// <param name="level">Mipmap level for texture views</param>
+        /// <returns>The texture size in blocks</returns>
+        public static Size GetSizeInBlocks(TextureInfo info, int level = 0)
+        {
+            int width = Math.Max(1, info.Width >> level);
+            int height = Math.Max(1, info.Height >> level);
+            int depth = Math.Max(1, info.GetDepth() >> level);
+
+            return new Size(
+                BitUtils.DivRoundUp(width, info.FormatInfo.BlockWidth),
+                BitUtils.DivRoundUp(height, info.FormatInfo.BlockHeight),
+                depth);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Check if it's possible to create a view with the layout of the second texture information from the first.
         /// The layout information is composed of the Stride for linear textures, or GOB block size

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureGroup.cs

@@ -336,24 +336,23 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 if (_loadNeeded[baseHandle + i])
                 {
                     var info = GetHandleInformation(baseHandle + i);
-                    int offsetIndex = info.Index;
 
                     // Only one of these will be greater than 1, as partial sync is only called when there are sub-image views.
                     for (int layer = 0; layer < info.Layers; layer++)
                     {
                         for (int level = 0; level < info.Levels; level++)
                         {
+                            int offsetIndex = GetOffsetIndex(info.BaseLayer + layer, info.BaseLevel + level);
+
                             int offset = _allOffsets[offsetIndex];
                             int endOffset = Math.Min(offset + _sliceSizes[info.BaseLevel + level], (int)Storage.Size);
                             int size = endOffset - offset;
 
                             ReadOnlySpan<byte> data = _physicalMemory.GetSpan(Storage.Range.GetSlice((ulong)offset, (ulong)size));
 
-                            SpanOrArray<byte> result = Storage.ConvertToHostCompatibleFormat(data, info.BaseLevel, true);
+                            SpanOrArray<byte> result = Storage.ConvertToHostCompatibleFormat(data, info.BaseLevel + level, true);
 
-                            Storage.SetData(result, info.BaseLayer, info.BaseLevel);
-
-                            offsetIndex++;
+                            Storage.SetData(result, info.BaseLayer + layer, info.BaseLevel + level);
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -434,32 +433,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             }
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Checks if a texture was modified by the GPU.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="texture">The texture to be checked</param>
-        /// <returns>True if any region of the texture was modified by the GPU, false otherwise</returns>
-        public bool AnyModified(Texture texture)
-        {
-            bool anyModified = false;
-
-            EvaluateRelevantHandles(texture, (baseHandle, regionCount, split) =>
-            {
-                for (int i = 0; i < regionCount; i++)
-                {
-                    TextureGroupHandle group = _handles[baseHandle + i];
-
-                    if (group.Modified)
-                    {
-                        anyModified = true;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-            });
-
-            return anyModified;
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Flush modified ranges for a given texture.
         /// </summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureInfo.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Texture;
+using System;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 {
@@ -292,5 +294,88 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     layerSize);
             }
         }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates texture information for a given mipmap level of the specified parent texture and this information.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="parent">The parent texture</param>
+        /// <param name="firstLevel">The first level of the texture view</param>
+        /// <returns>The adjusted texture information with the new size</returns>
+        public TextureInfo CreateInfoForLevelView(Texture parent, int firstLevel)
+        {
+            // When the texture is used as view of another texture, we must
+            // ensure that the sizes are valid, otherwise data uploads would fail
+            // (and the size wouldn't match the real size used on the host API).
+            // Given a parent texture from where the view is created, we have the
+            // following rules:
+            // - The view size must be equal to the parent size, divided by (2 ^ l),
+            // where l is the first mipmap level of the view. The division result must
+            // be rounded down, and the result must be clamped to 1.
+            // - If the parent format is compressed, and the view format isn't, the
+            // view size is calculated as above, but the width and height of the
+            // view must be also divided by the compressed format block width and height.
+            // - If the parent format is not compressed, and the view is, the view
+            // size is calculated as described on the first point, but the width and height
+            // of the view must be also multiplied by the block width and height.
+            int width  = Math.Max(1, parent.Info.Width  >> firstLevel);
+            int height = Math.Max(1, parent.Info.Height >> firstLevel);
+
+            if (parent.Info.FormatInfo.IsCompressed && !FormatInfo.IsCompressed)
+            {
+                width  = BitUtils.DivRoundUp(width,  parent.Info.FormatInfo.BlockWidth);
+                height = BitUtils.DivRoundUp(height, parent.Info.FormatInfo.BlockHeight);
+            }
+            else if (!parent.Info.FormatInfo.IsCompressed && FormatInfo.IsCompressed)
+            {
+                width  *= FormatInfo.BlockWidth;
+                height *= FormatInfo.BlockHeight;
+            }
+
+            int depthOrLayers;
+
+            if (Target == Target.Texture3D)
+            {
+                depthOrLayers = Math.Max(1, parent.Info.DepthOrLayers >> firstLevel);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                depthOrLayers = DepthOrLayers;
+            }
+
+            // 2D and 2D multisample textures are not considered compatible.
+            // This specific case is required for copies, where the source texture might be multisample.
+            // In this case, we inherit the parent texture multisample state.
+            Target target = Target;
+            int samplesInX = SamplesInX;
+            int samplesInY = SamplesInY;
+
+            if (target == Target.Texture2D && parent.Target == Target.Texture2DMultisample)
+            {
+                target = Target.Texture2DMultisample;
+                samplesInX = parent.Info.SamplesInX;
+                samplesInY = parent.Info.SamplesInY;
+            }
+
+            return new TextureInfo(
+                GpuAddress,
+                width,
+                height,
+                depthOrLayers,
+                Levels,
+                samplesInX,
+                samplesInY,
+                Stride,
+                IsLinear,
+                GobBlocksInY,
+                GobBlocksInZ,
+                GobBlocksInTileX,
+                target,
+                FormatInfo,
+                DepthStencilMode,
+                SwizzleR,
+                SwizzleG,
+                SwizzleB,
+                SwizzleA);
+        }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureManager.cs

@@ -437,22 +437,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             }
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Update host framebuffer attachments based on currently bound render target buffers.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <remarks>
-        /// All attachments other than <paramref name="index"/> will be unbound.
-        /// </remarks>
-        /// <param name="index">Index of the render target color to be updated</param>
-        public void UpdateRenderTarget(int index)
-        {
-            new Span<ITexture>(_rtHostColors).Fill(null);
-            _rtHostColors[index] = _rtColors[index]?.HostTexture;
-            _rtHostDs = null;
-
-            _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetRenderTargets(_rtHostColors, null);
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Update host framebuffer attachments based on currently bound render target buffers.
         /// </summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TexturePool.cs

@@ -77,22 +77,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             }
             else
             {
-                if (texture.ChangedSize)
-                {
-                    // Texture changed size at one point - it may be a different size than the sampler expects.
-                    // This can be triggered when the size is changed by a size hint on copy or draw, but the texture has been sampled before.
-
-                    int baseLevel = descriptor.UnpackBaseLevel();
-                    int width = Math.Max(1, descriptor.UnpackWidth() >> baseLevel);
-                    int height = Math.Max(1, descriptor.UnpackHeight() >> baseLevel);
-
-                    if (texture.Info.Width != width || texture.Info.Height != height)
-                    {
-                        texture.ChangeSize(width, height, texture.Info.DepthOrLayers);
-                    }
-                }
-
-                // Memory is automatically synchronized on texture creation.
+                // On the path above (texture not yet in the pool), memory is automatically synchronized on texture creation.
                 texture.SynchronizeMemory();
             }
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureSearchFlags.cs

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
     enum TextureSearchFlags
     {
         None        = 0,
-        Strict      = 1 << 0,
         ForSampler  = 1 << 1,
         ForCopy     = 1 << 2,
         WithUpscale = 1 << 3,

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/MemoryManager.cs

@@ -583,6 +583,38 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
             return UnpackPaFromPte(pte) + (va & PageMask);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Translates a GPU virtual address to a CPU virtual address on the first mapped page of memory
+        /// on the specified region.
+        /// If no page is mapped on the specified region, <see cref="PteUnmapped"/> is returned.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="va">GPU virtual address to be translated</param>
+        /// <param name="size">Size of the range to be translated</param>
+        /// <returns>CPU virtual address, or <see cref="PteUnmapped"/> if unmapped</returns>
+        public ulong TranslateFirstMapped(ulong va, ulong size)
+        {
+            if (!ValidateAddress(va))
+            {
+                return PteUnmapped;
+            }
+
+            ulong endVa = va + size;
+
+            ulong pte = GetPte(va);
+
+            for (; va < endVa && pte == PteUnmapped; va += PageSize - (va & PageMask))
+            {
+                pte = GetPte(va);
+            }
+
+            if (pte == PteUnmapped)
+            {
+                return PteUnmapped;
+            }
+
+            return UnpackPaFromPte(pte) + (va & PageMask);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets the kind of a given memory page.
         /// This might indicate the type of resource that can be allocated on the page, and also texture tiling.

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/DiskCache/DiskCacheHostStorage.cs

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
         private const ushort FileFormatVersionMajor = 1;
         private const ushort FileFormatVersionMinor = 2;
         private const uint FileFormatVersionPacked = ((uint)FileFormatVersionMajor << 16) | FileFormatVersionMinor;
-        private const uint CodeGenVersion = 4336;
+        private const uint CodeGenVersion = 4369;
 
         private const string SharedTocFileName = "shared.toc";
         private const string SharedDataFileName = "shared.data";

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Window.cs

@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu
             {
                 pt.AcquireCallback(_context, pt.UserObj);
 
-                Texture texture = pt.Cache.FindOrCreateTexture(null, TextureSearchFlags.WithUpscale, pt.Info, 0, null, pt.Range);
+                Texture texture = pt.Cache.FindOrCreateTexture(null, TextureSearchFlags.WithUpscale, pt.Info, 0, pt.Range);
 
                 pt.Cache.Tick();
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Program.cs

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
 {
     class Program : IProgram
     {
+        private const int MaxShaderLogLength = 2048;
+
         public int Handle { get; private set; }
 
         public bool IsLinked
@@ -115,9 +117,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
 
             if (status == 0)
             {
-                // Use GL.GetProgramInfoLog(Handle), it may be too long to print on the log.
                 _status = ProgramLinkStatus.Failure;
-                Logger.Debug?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, "Shader linking failed.");
+
+                string log = GL.GetProgramInfoLog(Handle);
+
+                if (log.Length > MaxShaderLogLength)
+                {
+                    log = log.Substring(0, MaxShaderLogLength) + "...";
+                }
+
+                Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, $"Shader linking failed: \n{log}");
             }
             else
             {

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/CodeGen/Glsl/OperandManager.cs

@@ -485,6 +485,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.CodeGen.Glsl
 
                     AttributeType type = context.Config.GpuAccessor.QueryAttributeType(location);
 
+                    return type.ToAggregateType();
+                }
+                else if (context.Config.Stage == ShaderStage.Fragment && isAsgDest &&
+                    operand.Value >= AttributeConsts.FragmentOutputColorBase &&
+                    operand.Value < AttributeConsts.FragmentOutputColorEnd)
+                {
+                    int location = (operand.Value - AttributeConsts.FragmentOutputColorBase) / 16;
+
+                    AttributeType type = context.Config.GpuAccessor.QueryFragmentOutputType(location);
+
                     return type.ToAggregateType();
                 }
             }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/CodeGen/Spirv/Declarations.cs

@@ -397,6 +397,31 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.CodeGen.Spirv
         private static void DeclareInputAttributes(CodeGenContext context, StructuredProgramInfo info, bool perPatch)
         {
             bool iaIndexing = context.Config.UsedFeatures.HasFlag(FeatureFlags.IaIndexing);
+
+            if (iaIndexing && !perPatch)
+            {
+                var attrType = context.TypeVector(context.TypeFP32(), (LiteralInteger)4);
+                attrType = context.TypeArray(attrType, context.Constant(context.TypeU32(), (LiteralInteger)MaxAttributes));
+
+                if (context.Config.Stage == ShaderStage.Geometry)
+                {
+                    attrType = context.TypeArray(attrType, context.Constant(context.TypeU32(), (LiteralInteger)context.InputVertices));
+                }
+
+                var spvType = context.TypePointer(StorageClass.Input, attrType);
+                var spvVar = context.Variable(spvType, StorageClass.Input);
+
+                if (context.Config.PassthroughAttributes != 0 && context.Config.GpuAccessor.QueryHostSupportsGeometryShaderPassthrough())
+                {
+                    context.Decorate(spvVar, Decoration.PassthroughNV);
+                }
+
+                context.Decorate(spvVar, Decoration.Location, (LiteralInteger)0);
+
+                context.AddGlobalVariable(spvVar);
+                context.InputsArray = spvVar;
+            }
+
             var inputs = perPatch ? info.InputsPerPatch : info.Inputs;
 
             foreach (int attr in inputs)
@@ -410,60 +435,56 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.CodeGen.Spirv
 
                 if (iaIndexing && isUserAttr && !perPatch)
                 {
-                    if (context.InputsArray == null)
-                    {
-                        var attrType = context.TypeVector(context.TypeFP32(), (LiteralInteger)4);
-                        attrType = context.TypeArray(attrType, context.Constant(context.TypeU32(), (LiteralInteger)MaxAttributes));
-
-                        if (context.Config.Stage == ShaderStage.Geometry)
-                        {
-                            attrType = context.TypeArray(attrType, context.Constant(context.TypeU32(), (LiteralInteger)context.InputVertices));
-                        }
-
-                        var spvType = context.TypePointer(StorageClass.Input, attrType);
-                        var spvVar = context.Variable(spvType, StorageClass.Input);
-
-                        if (context.Config.PassthroughAttributes != 0 && context.Config.GpuAccessor.QueryHostSupportsGeometryShaderPassthrough())
-                        {
-                            context.Decorate(spvVar, Decoration.PassthroughNV);
-                        }
-
-                        context.Decorate(spvVar, Decoration.Location, (LiteralInteger)0);
-
-                        context.AddGlobalVariable(spvVar);
-                        context.InputsArray = spvVar;
-                    }
+                    continue;
                 }
-                else
+
+                PixelImap iq = PixelImap.Unused;
+
+                if (context.Config.Stage == ShaderStage.Fragment)
                 {
-                    PixelImap iq = PixelImap.Unused;
-
-                    if (context.Config.Stage == ShaderStage.Fragment)
+                    if (attr >= AttributeConsts.UserAttributeBase && attr < AttributeConsts.UserAttributeEnd)
                     {
-                        if (attr >= AttributeConsts.UserAttributeBase && attr < AttributeConsts.UserAttributeEnd)
-                        {
-                            iq = context.Config.ImapTypes[(attr - AttributeConsts.UserAttributeBase) / 16].GetFirstUsedType();
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            AttributeInfo attrInfo = AttributeInfo.From(context.Config, attr, isOutAttr: false);
-                            AggregateType elemType = attrInfo.Type & AggregateType.ElementTypeMask;
+                        iq = context.Config.ImapTypes[(attr - AttributeConsts.UserAttributeBase) / 16].GetFirstUsedType();
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        AttributeInfo attrInfo = AttributeInfo.From(context.Config, attr, isOutAttr: false);
+                        AggregateType elemType = attrInfo.Type & AggregateType.ElementTypeMask;
 
-                            if (attrInfo.IsBuiltin && (elemType == AggregateType.S32 || elemType == AggregateType.U32))
-                            {
-                                iq = PixelImap.Constant;
-                            }
+                        if (attrInfo.IsBuiltin && (elemType == AggregateType.S32 || elemType == AggregateType.U32))
+                        {
+                            iq = PixelImap.Constant;
                         }
                     }
-
-                    DeclareInputOrOutput(context, attr, perPatch, isOutAttr: false, iq);
                 }
+
+                DeclareInputOrOutput(context, attr, perPatch, isOutAttr: false, iq);
             }
         }
 
         private static void DeclareOutputAttributes(CodeGenContext context, StructuredProgramInfo info, bool perPatch)
         {
             bool oaIndexing = context.Config.UsedFeatures.HasFlag(FeatureFlags.OaIndexing);
+
+            if (oaIndexing && !perPatch)
+            {
+                var attrType = context.TypeVector(context.TypeFP32(), (LiteralInteger)4);
+                attrType = context.TypeArray(attrType, context.Constant(context.TypeU32(), (LiteralInteger)MaxAttributes));
+
+                if (context.Config.Stage == ShaderStage.TessellationControl)
+                {
+                    attrType = context.TypeArray(attrType, context.Constant(context.TypeU32(), context.Config.ThreadsPerInputPrimitive));
+                }
+
+                var spvType = context.TypePointer(StorageClass.Output, attrType);
+                var spvVar = context.Variable(spvType, StorageClass.Output);
+
+                context.Decorate(spvVar, Decoration.Location, (LiteralInteger)0);
+
+                context.AddGlobalVariable(spvVar);
+                context.OutputsArray = spvVar;
+            }
+
             var outputs = perPatch ? info.OutputsPerPatch : info.Outputs;
 
             foreach (int attr in outputs)
@@ -477,29 +498,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.CodeGen.Spirv
 
                 if (oaIndexing && isUserAttr && !perPatch)
                 {
-                    if (context.OutputsArray == null)
-                    {
-                        var attrType = context.TypeVector(context.TypeFP32(), (LiteralInteger)4);
-                        attrType = context.TypeArray(attrType, context.Constant(context.TypeU32(), (LiteralInteger)MaxAttributes));
-
-                        if (context.Config.Stage == ShaderStage.TessellationControl)
-                        {
-                            attrType = context.TypeArray(attrType, context.Constant(context.TypeU32(), context.Config.ThreadsPerInputPrimitive));
-                        }
-
-                        var spvType = context.TypePointer(StorageClass.Output, attrType);
-                        var spvVar = context.Variable(spvType, StorageClass.Output);
-
-                        context.Decorate(spvVar, Decoration.Location, (LiteralInteger)0);
-
-                        context.AddGlobalVariable(spvVar);
-                        context.OutputsArray = spvVar;
-                    }
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    DeclareOutputAttribute(context, attr, perPatch);
+                    continue;
                 }
+
+                DeclareOutputAttribute(context, attr, perPatch);
             }
 
             if (context.Config.Stage == ShaderStage.Vertex)

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic/Blender.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ using System;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Runtime.Intrinsics;
+using System.Runtime.Intrinsics.Arm;
 using System.Runtime.Intrinsics.X86;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic
@@ -17,10 +18,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic
             int x2 = Math.Min(src.Width, x1 + targetRect.Width);
             int y2 = Math.Min(src.Height, y1 + targetRect.Height);
 
-            if (Sse41.IsSupported && ((x1 | x2) & 3) == 0)
+            if (((x1 | x2) & 3) == 0)
             {
-                BlendOneSse41(dst, src, ref slot, x1, y1, x2, y2);
-                return;
+                if (Sse41.IsSupported)
+                {
+                    BlendOneSse41(dst, src, ref slot, x1, y1, x2, y2);
+                    return;
+                }
+                else if (AdvSimd.IsSupported)
+                {
+                    BlendOneAdvSimd(dst, src, ref slot, x1, y1, x2, y2);
+                    return;
+                }
             }
 
             for (int y = y1; y < y2; y++)
@@ -105,6 +114,84 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic
             }
         }
 
+        private unsafe static void BlendOneAdvSimd(Surface dst, Surface src, ref SlotStruct slot, int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(((x1 | x2) & 3) == 0);
+
+            ref MatrixStruct mtx = ref slot.ColorMatrixStruct;
+
+            Vector128<int> col1 = Vector128.Create(mtx.MatrixCoeff00, mtx.MatrixCoeff10, mtx.MatrixCoeff20, 0);
+            Vector128<int> col2 = Vector128.Create(mtx.MatrixCoeff01, mtx.MatrixCoeff11, mtx.MatrixCoeff21, 0);
+            Vector128<int> col3 = Vector128.Create(mtx.MatrixCoeff02, mtx.MatrixCoeff12, mtx.MatrixCoeff22, 0);
+            Vector128<int> col4 = Vector128.Create(mtx.MatrixCoeff03, mtx.MatrixCoeff13, mtx.MatrixCoeff23, 0);
+
+            Vector128<int> rShift = Vector128.Create(-mtx.MatrixRShift);
+            Vector128<int> selMask = Vector128.Create(0, 0, 0, -1);
+            Vector128<ushort> clMin = Vector128.Create((ushort)slot.SlotConfig.SoftClampLow);
+            Vector128<ushort> clMax = Vector128.Create((ushort)slot.SlotConfig.SoftClampHigh);
+
+            fixed (Pixel* srcPtr = src.Data, dstPtr = dst.Data)
+            {
+                Pixel* ip = srcPtr;
+                Pixel* op = dstPtr;
+
+                if (mtx.MatrixEnable)
+                {
+                    for (int y = y1; y < y2; y++, ip += src.Width, op += dst.Width)
+                    {
+                        for (int x = x1; x < x2; x += 4)
+                        {
+                            Vector128<ushort> pixel12 = AdvSimd.LoadVector128((ushort*)(ip + (uint)x));
+                            Vector128<ushort> pixel34 = AdvSimd.LoadVector128((ushort*)(ip + (uint)x + 2));
+
+                            Vector128<uint> pixel1 = AdvSimd.ZeroExtendWideningLower(pixel12.GetLower());
+                            Vector128<uint> pixel2 = AdvSimd.ZeroExtendWideningUpper(pixel12);
+                            Vector128<uint> pixel3 = AdvSimd.ZeroExtendWideningLower(pixel34.GetLower());
+                            Vector128<uint> pixel4 = AdvSimd.ZeroExtendWideningUpper(pixel34);
+
+                            Vector128<int> t1 = MatrixMultiplyAdvSimd(pixel1.AsInt32(), col1, col2, col3, col4, rShift, selMask);
+                            Vector128<int> t2 = MatrixMultiplyAdvSimd(pixel2.AsInt32(), col1, col2, col3, col4, rShift, selMask);
+                            Vector128<int> t3 = MatrixMultiplyAdvSimd(pixel3.AsInt32(), col1, col2, col3, col4, rShift, selMask);
+                            Vector128<int> t4 = MatrixMultiplyAdvSimd(pixel4.AsInt32(), col1, col2, col3, col4, rShift, selMask);
+
+                            Vector64<ushort> lower1 = AdvSimd.ExtractNarrowingSaturateUnsignedLower(t1);
+                            Vector64<ushort> lower3 = AdvSimd.ExtractNarrowingSaturateUnsignedLower(t3);
+
+                            pixel12 = AdvSimd.ExtractNarrowingSaturateUnsignedUpper(lower1, t2);
+                            pixel34 = AdvSimd.ExtractNarrowingSaturateUnsignedUpper(lower3, t4);
+
+                            pixel12 = AdvSimd.Min(pixel12, clMax);
+                            pixel34 = AdvSimd.Min(pixel34, clMax);
+                            pixel12 = AdvSimd.Max(pixel12, clMin);
+                            pixel34 = AdvSimd.Max(pixel34, clMin);
+
+                            AdvSimd.Store((ushort*)(op + (uint)x + 0), pixel12);
+                            AdvSimd.Store((ushort*)(op + (uint)x + 2), pixel34);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    for (int y = y1; y < y2; y++, ip += src.Width, op += dst.Width)
+                    {
+                        for (int x = x1; x < x2; x += 4)
+                        {
+                            Vector128<ushort> pixel12 = AdvSimd.LoadVector128((ushort*)(ip + (uint)x));
+                            Vector128<ushort> pixel34 = AdvSimd.LoadVector128((ushort*)(ip + (uint)x + 2));
+
+                            pixel12 = AdvSimd.Min(pixel12, clMax);
+                            pixel34 = AdvSimd.Min(pixel34, clMax);
+                            pixel12 = AdvSimd.Max(pixel12, clMin);
+                            pixel34 = AdvSimd.Max(pixel34, clMin);
+
+                            AdvSimd.Store((ushort*)(op + (uint)x + 0), pixel12);
+                            AdvSimd.Store((ushort*)(op + (uint)x + 2), pixel34);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
         private static void MatrixMultiply(ref MatrixStruct mtx, int x, int y, int z, out int r, out int g, out int b)
         {
@@ -159,5 +246,33 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic
 
             return res;
         }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        private static Vector128<int> MatrixMultiplyAdvSimd(
+            Vector128<int> pixel,
+            Vector128<int> col1,
+            Vector128<int> col2,
+            Vector128<int> col3,
+            Vector128<int> col4,
+            Vector128<int> rShift,
+            Vector128<int> selectMask)
+        {
+            Vector128<int> x = AdvSimd.DuplicateSelectedScalarToVector128(pixel, 0);
+            Vector128<int> y = AdvSimd.DuplicateSelectedScalarToVector128(pixel, 1);
+            Vector128<int> z = AdvSimd.DuplicateSelectedScalarToVector128(pixel, 2);
+
+            col1 = AdvSimd.Multiply(col1, x);
+            col2 = AdvSimd.Multiply(col2, y);
+            col3 = AdvSimd.Multiply(col3, z);
+
+            Vector128<int> res = AdvSimd.Add(col3, AdvSimd.Add(col1, col2));
+
+            res = AdvSimd.ShiftArithmetic(res, rShift);
+            res = AdvSimd.Add(res, col4);
+            res = AdvSimd.ShiftRightArithmetic(res, 8);
+            res = AdvSimd.BitwiseSelect(selectMask, pixel, res);
+
+            return res;
+        }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic/Image/SurfaceReader.cs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic.Types;
 using System;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Runtime.Intrinsics;
+using System.Runtime.Intrinsics.Arm;
 using System.Runtime.Intrinsics.X86;
 using static Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic.Image.SurfaceCommon;
 
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic.Image
                     (byte)4, (byte)6, (byte)7, (byte)5,
                     (byte)8, (byte)10, (byte)11, (byte)9,
                     (byte)12, (byte)14, (byte)15, (byte)13);
-                Vector128<short> alphaMask = Vector128.Create(0xffUL << 48).AsInt16();
+                Vector128<short> alphaMask = Vector128.Create(0xff << 24).AsInt16();
 
                 int yStrideGap = yStride - width;
                 int uvStrideGap = uvStride - input.UvWidth;
@@ -95,6 +96,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic.Image
                                 rgba2 = Ssse3.Shuffle(rgba2.AsByte(), shufMask).AsInt16();
                                 rgba3 = Ssse3.Shuffle(rgba3.AsByte(), shufMask).AsInt16();
 
+                                rgba0 = Sse2.Or(rgba0, alphaMask);
+                                rgba1 = Sse2.Or(rgba1, alphaMask);
+                                rgba2 = Sse2.Or(rgba2, alphaMask);
+                                rgba3 = Sse2.Or(rgba3, alphaMask);
+
                                 Vector128<short> rgba16_0 = Sse41.ConvertToVector128Int16(rgba0.AsByte());
                                 Vector128<short> rgba16_1 = Sse41.ConvertToVector128Int16(HighToLow(rgba0.AsByte()));
                                 Vector128<short> rgba16_2 = Sse41.ConvertToVector128Int16(rgba1.AsByte());
@@ -104,15 +110,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic.Image
                                 Vector128<short> rgba16_6 = Sse41.ConvertToVector128Int16(rgba3.AsByte());
                                 Vector128<short> rgba16_7 = Sse41.ConvertToVector128Int16(HighToLow(rgba3.AsByte()));
 
-                                rgba16_0 = Sse2.Or(rgba16_0, alphaMask);
-                                rgba16_1 = Sse2.Or(rgba16_1, alphaMask);
-                                rgba16_2 = Sse2.Or(rgba16_2, alphaMask);
-                                rgba16_3 = Sse2.Or(rgba16_3, alphaMask);
-                                rgba16_4 = Sse2.Or(rgba16_4, alphaMask);
-                                rgba16_5 = Sse2.Or(rgba16_5, alphaMask);
-                                rgba16_6 = Sse2.Or(rgba16_6, alphaMask);
-                                rgba16_7 = Sse2.Or(rgba16_7, alphaMask);
-
                                 rgba16_0 = Sse2.ShiftLeftLogical(rgba16_0, 2);
                                 rgba16_1 = Sse2.ShiftLeftLogical(rgba16_1, 2);
                                 rgba16_2 = Sse2.ShiftLeftLogical(rgba16_2, 2);
@@ -149,6 +146,98 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic.Image
                     }
                 }
             }
+            else if (AdvSimd.Arm64.IsSupported)
+            {
+                Vector128<int> alphaMask = Vector128.Create(0xffu << 24).AsInt32();
+
+                int yStrideGap = yStride - width;
+                int uvStrideGap = uvStride - input.UvWidth;
+
+                int widthTrunc = width & ~0xf;
+
+                fixed (Pixel* dstPtr = output.Data)
+                {
+                    Pixel* op = dstPtr;
+
+                    fixed (byte* src0Ptr = input.Buffer0, src1Ptr = input.Buffer1)
+                    {
+                        byte* i0p = src0Ptr;
+
+                        for (int y = 0; y < height; y++)
+                        {
+                            byte* i1p = src1Ptr + (y >> 1) * uvStride;
+
+                            int x = 0;
+
+                            for (; x < widthTrunc; x += 16, i0p += 16, i1p += 16)
+                            {
+                                Vector128<byte> ya = AdvSimd.LoadVector128(i0p);
+                                Vector128<byte> uv = AdvSimd.LoadVector128(i1p);
+
+                                Vector128<short> ya0 = AdvSimd.ZeroExtendWideningLower(ya.GetLower()).AsInt16();
+                                Vector128<short> ya1 = AdvSimd.ZeroExtendWideningUpper(ya).AsInt16();
+
+                                Vector128<short> uv0 = AdvSimd.Arm64.ZipLow(uv.AsInt16(), uv.AsInt16());
+                                Vector128<short> uv1 = AdvSimd.Arm64.ZipHigh(uv.AsInt16(), uv.AsInt16());
+
+                                ya0 = AdvSimd.ShiftLeftLogical(ya0, 8);
+                                ya1 = AdvSimd.ShiftLeftLogical(ya1, 8);
+
+                                Vector128<short> rgba0 = AdvSimd.Arm64.ZipLow(ya0, uv0);
+                                Vector128<short> rgba1 = AdvSimd.Arm64.ZipHigh(ya0, uv0);
+                                Vector128<short> rgba2 = AdvSimd.Arm64.ZipLow(ya1, uv1);
+                                Vector128<short> rgba3 = AdvSimd.Arm64.ZipHigh(ya1, uv1);
+
+                                rgba0 = AdvSimd.ShiftRightLogicalAdd(alphaMask, rgba0.AsInt32(), 8).AsInt16();
+                                rgba1 = AdvSimd.ShiftRightLogicalAdd(alphaMask, rgba1.AsInt32(), 8).AsInt16();
+                                rgba2 = AdvSimd.ShiftRightLogicalAdd(alphaMask, rgba2.AsInt32(), 8).AsInt16();
+                                rgba3 = AdvSimd.ShiftRightLogicalAdd(alphaMask, rgba3.AsInt32(), 8).AsInt16();
+
+                                Vector128<short> rgba16_0 = AdvSimd.ZeroExtendWideningLower(rgba0.AsByte().GetLower()).AsInt16();
+                                Vector128<short> rgba16_1 = AdvSimd.ZeroExtendWideningUpper(rgba0.AsByte()).AsInt16();
+                                Vector128<short> rgba16_2 = AdvSimd.ZeroExtendWideningLower(rgba1.AsByte().GetLower()).AsInt16();
+                                Vector128<short> rgba16_3 = AdvSimd.ZeroExtendWideningUpper(rgba1.AsByte()).AsInt16();
+                                Vector128<short> rgba16_4 = AdvSimd.ZeroExtendWideningLower(rgba2.AsByte().GetLower()).AsInt16();
+                                Vector128<short> rgba16_5 = AdvSimd.ZeroExtendWideningUpper(rgba2.AsByte()).AsInt16();
+                                Vector128<short> rgba16_6 = AdvSimd.ZeroExtendWideningLower(rgba3.AsByte().GetLower()).AsInt16();
+                                Vector128<short> rgba16_7 = AdvSimd.ZeroExtendWideningUpper(rgba3.AsByte()).AsInt16();
+
+                                rgba16_0 = AdvSimd.ShiftLeftLogical(rgba16_0, 2);
+                                rgba16_1 = AdvSimd.ShiftLeftLogical(rgba16_1, 2);
+                                rgba16_2 = AdvSimd.ShiftLeftLogical(rgba16_2, 2);
+                                rgba16_3 = AdvSimd.ShiftLeftLogical(rgba16_3, 2);
+                                rgba16_4 = AdvSimd.ShiftLeftLogical(rgba16_4, 2);
+                                rgba16_5 = AdvSimd.ShiftLeftLogical(rgba16_5, 2);
+                                rgba16_6 = AdvSimd.ShiftLeftLogical(rgba16_6, 2);
+                                rgba16_7 = AdvSimd.ShiftLeftLogical(rgba16_7, 2);
+
+                                AdvSimd.Store((short*)(op + (uint)x + 0), rgba16_0);
+                                AdvSimd.Store((short*)(op + (uint)x + 2), rgba16_1);
+                                AdvSimd.Store((short*)(op + (uint)x + 4), rgba16_2);
+                                AdvSimd.Store((short*)(op + (uint)x + 6), rgba16_3);
+                                AdvSimd.Store((short*)(op + (uint)x + 8), rgba16_4);
+                                AdvSimd.Store((short*)(op + (uint)x + 10), rgba16_5);
+                                AdvSimd.Store((short*)(op + (uint)x + 12), rgba16_6);
+                                AdvSimd.Store((short*)(op + (uint)x + 14), rgba16_7);
+                            }
+
+                            for (; x < width; x++, i1p += (x & 1) * 2)
+                            {
+                                Pixel* px = op + (uint)x;
+
+                                px->R = Upsample(*i0p++);
+                                px->G = Upsample(*i1p);
+                                px->B = Upsample(*(i1p + 1));
+                                px->A = 0x3ff;
+                            }
+
+                            op += width;
+                            i0p += yStrideGap;
+                            i1p += uvStrideGap;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
             else
             {
                 for (int y = 0; y < height; y++)

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic/Image/SurfaceWriter.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Graphics.Texture;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic.Types;
 using System;
 using System.Runtime.Intrinsics;
+using System.Runtime.Intrinsics.Arm;
 using System.Runtime.Intrinsics.X86;
 using static Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic.Image.SurfaceCommon;
 
@@ -93,6 +94,64 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic.Image
                     }
                 }
             }
+            else if (AdvSimd.IsSupported)
+            {
+                int widthTrunc = width & ~7;
+                int strideGap = stride - width * 4;
+
+                fixed (Pixel* srcPtr = input.Data)
+                {
+                    Pixel* ip = srcPtr;
+
+                    fixed (byte* dstPtr = dst)
+                    {
+                        byte* op = dstPtr;
+
+                        for (int y = 0; y < height; y++, ip += input.Width)
+                        {
+                            int x = 0;
+
+                            for (; x < widthTrunc; x += 8)
+                            {
+                                Vector128<ushort> pixel12 = AdvSimd.LoadVector128((ushort*)(ip + (uint)x));
+                                Vector128<ushort> pixel34 = AdvSimd.LoadVector128((ushort*)(ip + (uint)x + 2));
+                                Vector128<ushort> pixel56 = AdvSimd.LoadVector128((ushort*)(ip + (uint)x + 4));
+                                Vector128<ushort> pixel78 = AdvSimd.LoadVector128((ushort*)(ip + (uint)x + 6));
+
+                                pixel12 = AdvSimd.ShiftRightLogical(pixel12, 2);
+                                pixel34 = AdvSimd.ShiftRightLogical(pixel34, 2);
+                                pixel56 = AdvSimd.ShiftRightLogical(pixel56, 2);
+                                pixel78 = AdvSimd.ShiftRightLogical(pixel78, 2);
+
+                                Vector64<byte> lower12 = AdvSimd.ExtractNarrowingLower(pixel12.AsUInt16());
+                                Vector64<byte> lower56 = AdvSimd.ExtractNarrowingLower(pixel56.AsUInt16());
+
+                                Vector128<byte> pixel1234 = AdvSimd.ExtractNarrowingUpper(lower12, pixel34.AsUInt16());
+                                Vector128<byte> pixel5678 = AdvSimd.ExtractNarrowingUpper(lower56, pixel78.AsUInt16());
+
+                                AdvSimd.Store(op + 0x00, pixel1234);
+                                AdvSimd.Store(op + 0x10, pixel5678);
+
+                                op += 0x20;
+                            }
+
+                            for (; x < width; x++)
+                            {
+                                Pixel* px = ip + (uint)x;
+
+                                *(op + 0) = Downsample(px->R);
+                                *(op + 1) = Downsample(px->G);
+                                *(op + 2) = Downsample(px->B);
+                                *(op + 3) = Downsample(px->A);
+
+                                op += 4;
+                            }
+
+                            op += strideGap;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
             else
             {
                 for (int y = 0; y < height; y++)
@@ -302,6 +361,87 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic.Image
                     }
                 }
             }
+            else if (AdvSimd.IsSupported)
+            {
+                Vector128<ushort> mask = Vector128.Create(0xffffUL).AsUInt16();
+
+                int widthTrunc = width & ~0xf;
+                int strideGap = yStride - width;
+
+                fixed (Pixel* srcPtr = input.Data)
+                {
+                    Pixel* ip = srcPtr;
+
+                    fixed (byte* dstPtr = dstY)
+                    {
+                        byte* op = dstPtr;
+
+                        for (int y = 0; y < height; y++, ip += input.Width)
+                        {
+                            int x = 0;
+
+                            for (; x < widthTrunc; x += 16)
+                            {
+                                byte* baseOffset = (byte*)(ip + (ulong)(uint)x);
+
+                                Vector128<ushort> pixelp1 = AdvSimd.LoadVector128((ushort*)baseOffset);
+                                Vector128<ushort> pixelp2 = AdvSimd.LoadVector128((ushort*)(baseOffset + 0x10));
+                                Vector128<ushort> pixelp3 = AdvSimd.LoadVector128((ushort*)(baseOffset + 0x20));
+                                Vector128<ushort> pixelp4 = AdvSimd.LoadVector128((ushort*)(baseOffset + 0x30));
+                                Vector128<ushort> pixelp5 = AdvSimd.LoadVector128((ushort*)(baseOffset + 0x40));
+                                Vector128<ushort> pixelp6 = AdvSimd.LoadVector128((ushort*)(baseOffset + 0x50));
+                                Vector128<ushort> pixelp7 = AdvSimd.LoadVector128((ushort*)(baseOffset + 0x60));
+                                Vector128<ushort> pixelp8 = AdvSimd.LoadVector128((ushort*)(baseOffset + 0x70));
+
+                                pixelp1 = AdvSimd.And(pixelp1, mask);
+                                pixelp2 = AdvSimd.And(pixelp2, mask);
+                                pixelp3 = AdvSimd.And(pixelp3, mask);
+                                pixelp4 = AdvSimd.And(pixelp4, mask);
+                                pixelp5 = AdvSimd.And(pixelp5, mask);
+                                pixelp6 = AdvSimd.And(pixelp6, mask);
+                                pixelp7 = AdvSimd.And(pixelp7, mask);
+                                pixelp8 = AdvSimd.And(pixelp8, mask);
+
+                                Vector64<ushort> lowerp1 = AdvSimd.ExtractNarrowingLower(pixelp1.AsUInt32());
+                                Vector64<ushort> lowerp3 = AdvSimd.ExtractNarrowingLower(pixelp3.AsUInt32());
+                                Vector64<ushort> lowerp5 = AdvSimd.ExtractNarrowingLower(pixelp5.AsUInt32());
+                                Vector64<ushort> lowerp7 = AdvSimd.ExtractNarrowingLower(pixelp7.AsUInt32());
+
+                                Vector128<ushort> pixelq1 = AdvSimd.ExtractNarrowingUpper(lowerp1, pixelp2.AsUInt32());
+                                Vector128<ushort> pixelq2 = AdvSimd.ExtractNarrowingUpper(lowerp3, pixelp4.AsUInt32());
+                                Vector128<ushort> pixelq3 = AdvSimd.ExtractNarrowingUpper(lowerp5, pixelp6.AsUInt32());
+                                Vector128<ushort> pixelq4 = AdvSimd.ExtractNarrowingUpper(lowerp7, pixelp8.AsUInt32());
+
+                                Vector64<ushort> lowerq1 = AdvSimd.ExtractNarrowingLower(pixelq1.AsUInt32());
+                                Vector64<ushort> lowerq3 = AdvSimd.ExtractNarrowingLower(pixelq3.AsUInt32());
+
+                                pixelq1 = AdvSimd.ExtractNarrowingUpper(lowerq1, pixelq2.AsUInt32());
+                                pixelq2 = AdvSimd.ExtractNarrowingUpper(lowerq3, pixelq4.AsUInt32());
+
+                                pixelq1 = AdvSimd.ShiftRightLogical(pixelq1, 2);
+                                pixelq2 = AdvSimd.ShiftRightLogical(pixelq2, 2);
+
+                                Vector64<byte> pixelLower = AdvSimd.ExtractNarrowingLower(pixelq1.AsUInt16());
+
+                                Vector128<byte> pixel = AdvSimd.ExtractNarrowingUpper(pixelLower, pixelq2.AsUInt16());
+
+                                AdvSimd.Store(op, pixel);
+
+                                op += 0x10;
+                            }
+
+                            for (; x < width; x++)
+                            {
+                                Pixel* px = ip + (uint)x;
+
+                                *op++ = Downsample(px->R);
+                            }
+
+                            op += strideGap;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
             else
             {
                 for (int y = 0; y < height; y++)
@@ -392,6 +532,69 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic.Image
                     }
                 }
             }
+            else if (AdvSimd.Arm64.IsSupported)
+            {
+                int widthTrunc = uvWidth & ~7;
+                int strideGap = uvStride - uvWidth * 2;
+
+                fixed (Pixel* srcPtr = input.Data)
+                {
+                    Pixel* ip = srcPtr;
+
+                    fixed (byte* dstPtr = dstUv)
+                    {
+                        byte* op = dstPtr;
+
+                        for (int y = 0; y < uvHeight; y++, ip += input.Width * 2)
+                        {
+                            int x = 0;
+
+                            for (; x < widthTrunc; x += 8)
+                            {
+                                byte* baseOffset = (byte*)ip + (ulong)(uint)x * 16;
+
+                                Vector128<uint> pixel1 = AdvSimd.LoadAndReplicateToVector128((uint*)(baseOffset + 0x02));
+                                Vector128<uint> pixel2 = AdvSimd.LoadAndReplicateToVector128((uint*)(baseOffset + 0x12));
+                                Vector128<uint> pixel3 = AdvSimd.LoadAndReplicateToVector128((uint*)(baseOffset + 0x22));
+                                Vector128<uint> pixel4 = AdvSimd.LoadAndReplicateToVector128((uint*)(baseOffset + 0x32));
+                                Vector128<uint> pixel5 = AdvSimd.LoadAndReplicateToVector128((uint*)(baseOffset + 0x42));
+                                Vector128<uint> pixel6 = AdvSimd.LoadAndReplicateToVector128((uint*)(baseOffset + 0x52));
+                                Vector128<uint> pixel7 = AdvSimd.LoadAndReplicateToVector128((uint*)(baseOffset + 0x62));
+                                Vector128<uint> pixel8 = AdvSimd.LoadAndReplicateToVector128((uint*)(baseOffset + 0x72));
+
+                                Vector128<uint> pixel12 = AdvSimd.Arm64.ZipLow(pixel1, pixel2);
+                                Vector128<uint> pixel34 = AdvSimd.Arm64.ZipLow(pixel3, pixel4);
+                                Vector128<uint> pixel56 = AdvSimd.Arm64.ZipLow(pixel5, pixel6);
+                                Vector128<uint> pixel78 = AdvSimd.Arm64.ZipLow(pixel7, pixel8);
+
+                                Vector128<ulong> pixel1234 = AdvSimd.Arm64.ZipLow(pixel12.AsUInt64(), pixel34.AsUInt64());
+                                Vector128<ulong> pixel5678 = AdvSimd.Arm64.ZipLow(pixel56.AsUInt64(), pixel78.AsUInt64());
+
+                                pixel1234 = AdvSimd.ShiftRightLogical(pixel1234, 2);
+                                pixel5678 = AdvSimd.ShiftRightLogical(pixel5678, 2);
+
+                                Vector64<byte> pixelLower = AdvSimd.ExtractNarrowingLower(pixel1234.AsUInt16());
+
+                                Vector128<byte> pixel = AdvSimd.ExtractNarrowingUpper(pixelLower, pixel5678.AsUInt16());
+
+                                AdvSimd.Store(op, pixel);
+
+                                op += 0x10;
+                            }
+
+                            for (; x < uvWidth; x++)
+                            {
+                                Pixel* px = ip + (uint)(x << 1);
+
+                                *op++ = Downsample(px->G);
+                                *op++ = Downsample(px->B);
+                            }
+
+                            op += strideGap;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
             else
             {
                 for (int y = 0; y < uvHeight; y++)

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/AutoFlushCounter.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using System;
 using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Linq;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 {
@@ -9,24 +10,35 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         private readonly static long FramebufferFlushTimer = Stopwatch.Frequency / 1000;
 
         private const int MinDrawCountForFlush = 10;
+        private const int MinConsecutiveQueryForFlush = 10;
         private const int InitialQueryCountForFlush = 32;
 
         private long _lastFlush;
         private ulong _lastDrawCount;
         private bool _hasPendingQuery;
+        private int _consecutiveQueries;
         private int _queryCount;
 
+        private int[] _queryCountHistory = new int[3];
+        private int _queryCountHistoryIndex;
+        private int _remainingQueries;
+
         public void RegisterFlush(ulong drawCount)
         {
             _lastFlush = Stopwatch.GetTimestamp();
             _lastDrawCount = drawCount;
 
             _hasPendingQuery = false;
+            _consecutiveQueries = 0;
         }
 
         public bool RegisterPendingQuery()
         {
             _hasPendingQuery = true;
+            _consecutiveQueries++;
+            _remainingQueries--;
+
+            _queryCountHistory[_queryCountHistoryIndex]++;
 
             // Interrupt render passes to flush queries, so that early results arrive sooner.
             if (++_queryCount == InitialQueryCountForFlush)
@@ -37,20 +49,38 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             return false;
         }
 
+        public int GetRemainingQueries()
+        {
+            if (_remainingQueries <= 0)
+            {
+                _remainingQueries = 16;
+            }
+
+            if (_queryCount < InitialQueryCountForFlush)
+            {
+                return Math.Min(InitialQueryCountForFlush - _queryCount, _remainingQueries);
+            }
+
+            return _remainingQueries;
+        }
+
         public bool ShouldFlushQuery()
         {
             return _hasPendingQuery;
         }
 
-        public bool ShouldFlush(ulong drawCount)
+        public bool ShouldFlushAttachmentChange(ulong drawCount)
         {
             _queryCount = 0;
 
-            if (_hasPendingQuery)
+            // Flush when there's an attachment change out of a large block of queries.
+            if (_consecutiveQueries > MinConsecutiveQueryForFlush)
             {
                 return true;
             }
 
+            _consecutiveQueries = 0;
+
             long draws = (long)(drawCount - _lastDrawCount);
 
             if (draws < MinDrawCountForFlush)
@@ -69,5 +99,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             return now > _lastFlush + flushTimeout;
         }
+
+        public void Present()
+        {
+            _queryCountHistoryIndex = (_queryCountHistoryIndex + 1) % 3;
+
+            _remainingQueries = _queryCountHistory.Max() + 10;
+
+            _queryCountHistory[_queryCountHistoryIndex] = 0;
+        }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/BufferManager.cs

@@ -14,6 +14,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             MemoryPropertyFlags.HostCoherentBit |
             MemoryPropertyFlags.HostCachedBit;
 
+        // Some drivers don't expose a "HostCached" memory type,
+        // so we need those alternative flags for the allocation to succeed there.
+        private const MemoryPropertyFlags DefaultBufferMemoryAltFlags =
+            MemoryPropertyFlags.HostVisibleBit |
+            MemoryPropertyFlags.HostCoherentBit;
+
         private const MemoryPropertyFlags DeviceLocalBufferMemoryFlags =
             MemoryPropertyFlags.DeviceLocalBit;
 
@@ -33,7 +39,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             BufferUsageFlags.VertexBufferBit |
             BufferUsageFlags.TransformFeedbackBufferBitExt;
 
-        private readonly PhysicalDevice _physicalDevice;
         private readonly Device _device;
 
         private readonly IdList<BufferHolder> _buffers;
@@ -42,9 +47,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
         public StagingBuffer StagingBuffer { get; }
 
-        public BufferManager(VulkanRenderer gd, PhysicalDevice physicalDevice, Device device)
+        public BufferManager(VulkanRenderer gd, Device device)
         {
-            _physicalDevice = physicalDevice;
             _device = device;
             _buffers = new IdList<BufferHolder>();
             StagingBuffer = new StagingBuffer(gd, this);
@@ -94,9 +98,21 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             gd.Api.CreateBuffer(_device, in bufferCreateInfo, null, out var buffer).ThrowOnError();
             gd.Api.GetBufferMemoryRequirements(_device, buffer, out var requirements);
 
-            var allocateFlags = deviceLocal ? DeviceLocalBufferMemoryFlags : DefaultBufferMemoryFlags;
+            MemoryPropertyFlags allocateFlags;
+            MemoryPropertyFlags allocateFlagsAlt;
 
-            var allocation = gd.MemoryAllocator.AllocateDeviceMemory(_physicalDevice, requirements, allocateFlags);
+            if (deviceLocal)
+            {
+                allocateFlags = DeviceLocalBufferMemoryFlags;
+                allocateFlagsAlt = DeviceLocalBufferMemoryFlags;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                allocateFlags = DefaultBufferMemoryFlags;
+                allocateFlagsAlt = DefaultBufferMemoryAltFlags;
+            }
+
+            var allocation = gd.MemoryAllocator.AllocateDeviceMemory(requirements, allocateFlags, allocateFlagsAlt);
 
             if (allocation.Memory.Handle == 0UL)
             {

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/FramebufferParams.cs

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         public int[] AttachmentIndices { get; }
 
         public int AttachmentsCount { get; }
-        public int MaxColorAttachmentIndex { get; }
+        public int MaxColorAttachmentIndex => AttachmentIndices.Length > 0 ? AttachmentIndices[AttachmentIndices.Length - 1] : -1;
         public bool HasDepthStencil { get; }
         public int ColorAttachmentsCount => AttachmentsCount - (HasDepthStencil ? 1 : 0);
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         {
             _device = device;
             _attachments = new[] { view };
-            _validColorAttachments = 1u;
+            _validColorAttachments = isDepthStencil ? 0u : 1u;
 
             Width = width;
             Height = height;
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             AttachmentSamples = new[] { samples };
             AttachmentFormats = new[] { format };
-            AttachmentIndices = new[] { 0 };
+            AttachmentIndices = isDepthStencil ? Array.Empty<int>() : new[] { 0 };
 
             AttachmentsCount = 1;
 
@@ -66,8 +66,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             AttachmentSamples = new uint[count];
             AttachmentFormats = new VkFormat[count];
-            AttachmentIndices = new int[count];
-            MaxColorAttachmentIndex = colors.Length - 1;
+            AttachmentIndices = new int[colorsCount];
 
             uint width = uint.MaxValue;
             uint height = uint.MaxValue;

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/HardwareCapabilities.cs

@@ -8,11 +8,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
     {
         None = 0,
 
-        VertexBufferAlignment4B = 1,
-        NoTriangleFans = 1 << 1,
-        NoPointMode = 1 << 2,
-        No3DImageView = 1 << 3,
-        NoLodBias = 1 << 4
+        NoTriangleFans = 1,
+        NoPointMode = 1 << 1,
+        No3DImageView = 1 << 2,
+        NoLodBias = 1 << 3
     }
 
     readonly struct HardwareCapabilities
@@ -24,20 +23,23 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         public readonly bool SupportsGeometryShaderPassthrough;
         public readonly bool SupportsSubgroupSizeControl;
         public readonly bool SupportsShaderInt8;
+        public readonly bool SupportsShaderStencilExport;
         public readonly bool SupportsConditionalRendering;
         public readonly bool SupportsExtendedDynamicState;
         public readonly bool SupportsMultiView;
         public readonly bool SupportsNullDescriptors;
-        public readonly bool SupportsPreciseOcclusionQueries;
         public readonly bool SupportsPushDescriptors;
         public readonly bool SupportsTransformFeedback;
         public readonly bool SupportsTransformFeedbackQueries;
+        public readonly bool SupportsPreciseOcclusionQueries;
+        public readonly bool SupportsPipelineStatisticsQuery;
         public readonly bool SupportsGeometryShader;
         public readonly uint MinSubgroupSize;
         public readonly uint MaxSubgroupSize;
         public readonly ShaderStageFlags RequiredSubgroupSizeStages;
         public readonly SampleCountFlags SupportedSampleCounts;
         public readonly PortabilitySubsetFlags PortabilitySubset;
+        public readonly uint VertexBufferAlignment;
 
         public HardwareCapabilities(
             bool supportsIndexTypeUint8,
@@ -47,6 +49,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             bool supportsGeometryShaderPassthrough,
             bool supportsSubgroupSizeControl,
             bool supportsShaderInt8,
+            bool supportsShaderStencilExport,
             bool supportsConditionalRendering,
             bool supportsExtendedDynamicState,
             bool supportsMultiView,
@@ -55,12 +58,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             bool supportsTransformFeedback,
             bool supportsTransformFeedbackQueries,
             bool supportsPreciseOcclusionQueries,
+            bool supportsPipelineStatisticsQuery,
             bool supportsGeometryShader,
             uint minSubgroupSize,
             uint maxSubgroupSize,
             ShaderStageFlags requiredSubgroupSizeStages,
             SampleCountFlags supportedSampleCounts,
-            PortabilitySubsetFlags portabilitySubset)
+            PortabilitySubsetFlags portabilitySubset,
+            uint vertexBufferAlignment)
         {
             SupportsIndexTypeUint8 = supportsIndexTypeUint8;
             SupportsCustomBorderColor = supportsCustomBorderColor;
@@ -69,6 +74,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             SupportsGeometryShaderPassthrough = supportsGeometryShaderPassthrough;
             SupportsSubgroupSizeControl = supportsSubgroupSizeControl;
             SupportsShaderInt8 = supportsShaderInt8;
+            SupportsShaderStencilExport = supportsShaderStencilExport;
             SupportsConditionalRendering = supportsConditionalRendering;
             SupportsExtendedDynamicState = supportsExtendedDynamicState;
             SupportsMultiView = supportsMultiView;
@@ -77,12 +83,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             SupportsTransformFeedback = supportsTransformFeedback;
             SupportsTransformFeedbackQueries = supportsTransformFeedbackQueries;
             SupportsPreciseOcclusionQueries = supportsPreciseOcclusionQueries;
+            SupportsPipelineStatisticsQuery = supportsPipelineStatisticsQuery;
             SupportsGeometryShader = supportsGeometryShader;
             MinSubgroupSize = minSubgroupSize;
             MaxSubgroupSize = maxSubgroupSize;
             RequiredSubgroupSizeStages = requiredSubgroupSizeStages;
             SupportedSampleCounts = supportedSampleCounts;
             PortabilitySubset = portabilitySubset;
+            VertexBufferAlignment = vertexBufferAlignment;
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/HelperShader.cs

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         private readonly ISampler _samplerLinear;
         private readonly ISampler _samplerNearest;
         private readonly IProgram _programColorBlit;
+        private readonly IProgram _programColorBlitMs;
         private readonly IProgram _programColorBlitClearAlpha;
         private readonly IProgram _programColorClearF;
         private readonly IProgram _programColorClearSI;
@@ -33,6 +34,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         private readonly IProgram _programConvertIndirectData;
         private readonly IProgram _programColorCopyToNonMs;
         private readonly IProgram _programColorDrawToMs;
+        private readonly IProgram _programDepthBlit;
+        private readonly IProgram _programDepthBlitMs;
+        private readonly IProgram _programStencilBlit;
+        private readonly IProgram _programStencilBlitMs;
 
         public HelperShader(VulkanRenderer gd, Device device)
         {
@@ -42,13 +47,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             _samplerLinear = gd.CreateSampler(GAL.SamplerCreateInfo.Create(MinFilter.Linear, MagFilter.Linear));
             _samplerNearest = gd.CreateSampler(GAL.SamplerCreateInfo.Create(MinFilter.Nearest, MagFilter.Nearest));
 
-            var colorBlitVertexBindings = new ShaderBindings(
+            var blitVertexBindings = new ShaderBindings(
                 new[] { 1 },
                 Array.Empty<int>(),
                 Array.Empty<int>(),
                 Array.Empty<int>());
 
-            var colorBlitFragmentBindings = new ShaderBindings(
+            var blitFragmentBindings = new ShaderBindings(
                 Array.Empty<int>(),
                 Array.Empty<int>(),
                 new[] { 0 },
@@ -56,14 +61,20 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             _programColorBlit = gd.CreateProgramWithMinimalLayout(new[]
             {
-                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorBlitVertexShaderSource, colorBlitVertexBindings, ShaderStage.Vertex, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
-                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorBlitFragmentShaderSource, colorBlitFragmentBindings, ShaderStage.Fragment, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
+                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorBlitVertexShaderSource, blitVertexBindings, ShaderStage.Vertex, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
+                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorBlitFragmentShaderSource, blitFragmentBindings, ShaderStage.Fragment, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
+            });
+
+            _programColorBlitMs = gd.CreateProgramWithMinimalLayout(new[]
+            {
+                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorBlitVertexShaderSource, blitVertexBindings, ShaderStage.Vertex, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
+                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorBlitMsFragmentShaderSource, blitFragmentBindings, ShaderStage.Fragment, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
             });
 
             _programColorBlitClearAlpha = gd.CreateProgramWithMinimalLayout(new[]
             {
-                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorBlitVertexShaderSource, colorBlitVertexBindings, ShaderStage.Vertex, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
-                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorBlitClearAlphaFragmentShaderSource, colorBlitFragmentBindings, ShaderStage.Fragment, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
+                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorBlitVertexShaderSource, blitVertexBindings, ShaderStage.Vertex, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
+                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorBlitClearAlphaFragmentShaderSource, blitFragmentBindings, ShaderStage.Fragment, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
             });
 
             var colorClearFragmentBindings = new ShaderBindings(
@@ -74,19 +85,19 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             _programColorClearF = gd.CreateProgramWithMinimalLayout(new[]
             {
-                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorClearVertexShaderSource, colorBlitVertexBindings, ShaderStage.Vertex, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
+                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorClearVertexShaderSource, blitVertexBindings, ShaderStage.Vertex, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
                 new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorClearFFragmentShaderSource, colorClearFragmentBindings, ShaderStage.Fragment, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
             });
 
             _programColorClearSI = gd.CreateProgramWithMinimalLayout(new[]
             {
-                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorClearVertexShaderSource, colorBlitVertexBindings, ShaderStage.Vertex, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
+                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorClearVertexShaderSource, blitVertexBindings, ShaderStage.Vertex, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
                 new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorClearSIFragmentShaderSource, colorClearFragmentBindings, ShaderStage.Fragment, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
             });
 
             _programColorClearUI = gd.CreateProgramWithMinimalLayout(new[]
             {
-                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorClearVertexShaderSource, colorBlitVertexBindings, ShaderStage.Vertex, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
+                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorClearVertexShaderSource, blitVertexBindings, ShaderStage.Vertex, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
                 new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorClearUIFragmentShaderSource, colorClearFragmentBindings, ShaderStage.Fragment, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
             });
 
@@ -151,17 +162,44 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             {
                 new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ConvertIndirectDataShaderSource, convertIndirectDataBindings, ShaderStage.Compute, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
             });
+
+            _programDepthBlit = gd.CreateProgramWithMinimalLayout(new[]
+            {
+                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorBlitVertexShaderSource, blitVertexBindings, ShaderStage.Vertex, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
+                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.DepthBlitFragmentShaderSource, blitFragmentBindings, ShaderStage.Fragment, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
+            });
+
+            _programDepthBlitMs = gd.CreateProgramWithMinimalLayout(new[]
+            {
+                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorBlitVertexShaderSource, blitVertexBindings, ShaderStage.Vertex, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
+                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.DepthBlitMsFragmentShaderSource, blitFragmentBindings, ShaderStage.Fragment, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
+            });
+
+            if (gd.Capabilities.SupportsShaderStencilExport)
+            {
+                _programStencilBlit = gd.CreateProgramWithMinimalLayout(new[]
+                {
+                    new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorBlitVertexShaderSource, blitVertexBindings, ShaderStage.Vertex, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
+                    new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.StencilBlitFragmentShaderSource, blitFragmentBindings, ShaderStage.Fragment, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
+                });
+
+                _programStencilBlitMs = gd.CreateProgramWithMinimalLayout(new[]
+                {
+                    new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorBlitVertexShaderSource, blitVertexBindings, ShaderStage.Vertex, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
+                    new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.StencilBlitMsFragmentShaderSource, blitFragmentBindings, ShaderStage.Fragment, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
+                });
+            }
         }
 
         public void Blit(
             VulkanRenderer gd,
             TextureView src,
-            Auto<DisposableImageView> dst,
-            int dstWidth,
-            int dstHeight,
-            VkFormat dstFormat,
+            TextureView dst,
             Extents2D srcRegion,
             Extents2D dstRegion,
+            int layers,
+            int levels,
+            bool isDepthOrStencil,
             bool linearFilter,
             bool clearAlpha = false)
         {
@@ -169,17 +207,150 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             using var cbs = gd.CommandBufferPool.Rent();
 
-            Blit(gd, cbs, src, dst, dstWidth, dstHeight, dstFormat, srcRegion, dstRegion, linearFilter, clearAlpha);
+            var dstFormat = dst.VkFormat;
+            var dstSamples = dst.Info.Samples;
+
+            for (int l = 0; l < levels; l++)
+            {
+                int srcWidth = Math.Max(1, src.Width >> l);
+                int srcHeight = Math.Max(1, src.Height >> l);
+
+                int dstWidth = Math.Max(1, dst.Width >> l);
+                int dstHeight = Math.Max(1, dst.Height >> l);
+
+                var mipSrcRegion = new Extents2D(
+                    srcRegion.X1 >> l,
+                    srcRegion.Y1 >> l,
+                    srcRegion.X2 >> l,
+                    srcRegion.Y2 >> l);
+
+                var mipDstRegion = new Extents2D(
+                    dstRegion.X1 >> l,
+                    dstRegion.Y1 >> l,
+                    dstRegion.X2 >> l,
+                    dstRegion.Y2 >> l);
+
+                for (int z = 0; z < layers; z++)
+                {
+                    var srcView = Create2DLayerView(src, z, l);
+                    var dstView = Create2DLayerView(dst, z, l);
+
+                    if (isDepthOrStencil)
+                    {
+                        BlitDepthStencil(
+                            gd,
+                            cbs,
+                            srcView,
+                            dst.GetImageViewForAttachment(),
+                            dstWidth,
+                            dstHeight,
+                            dstSamples,
+                            dstFormat,
+                            mipSrcRegion,
+                            mipDstRegion);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        BlitColor(
+                            gd,
+                            cbs,
+                            srcView,
+                            dst.GetImageViewForAttachment(),
+                            dstWidth,
+                            dstHeight,
+                            dstSamples,
+                            dstFormat,
+                            false,
+                            mipSrcRegion,
+                            mipDstRegion,
+                            linearFilter,
+                            clearAlpha);
+                    }
+
+                    if (srcView != src)
+                    {
+                        srcView.Release();
+                    }
+
+                    if (dstView != dst)
+                    {
+                        dstView.Release();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
         }
 
-        public void Blit(
+        public void CopyColor(
+            VulkanRenderer gd,
+            CommandBufferScoped cbs,
+            TextureView src,
+            TextureView dst,
+            int srcLayer,
+            int dstLayer,
+            int srcLevel,
+            int dstLevel,
+            int depth,
+            int levels)
+        {
+            for (int l = 0; l < levels; l++)
+            {
+                int mipSrcLevel = srcLevel + l;
+                int mipDstLevel = dstLevel + l;
+
+                int srcWidth = Math.Max(1, src.Width >> mipSrcLevel);
+                int srcHeight = Math.Max(1, src.Height >> mipSrcLevel);
+
+                int dstWidth = Math.Max(1, dst.Width >> mipDstLevel);
+                int dstHeight = Math.Max(1, dst.Height >> mipDstLevel);
+
+                var extents = new Extents2D(
+                    0,
+                    0,
+                    Math.Min(srcWidth, dstWidth),
+                    Math.Min(srcHeight, dstHeight));
+
+                for (int z = 0; z < depth; z++)
+                {
+                    var srcView = Create2DLayerView(src, srcLayer + z, mipSrcLevel);
+                    var dstView = Create2DLayerView(dst, dstLayer + z, mipDstLevel);
+
+                    BlitColor(
+                        gd,
+                        cbs,
+                        srcView,
+                        dstView.GetImageViewForAttachment(),
+                        dstView.Width,
+                        dstView.Height,
+                        dstView.Info.Samples,
+                        dstView.VkFormat,
+                        dstView.Info.Format.IsDepthOrStencil(),
+                        extents,
+                        extents,
+                        false);
+
+                    if (srcView != src)
+                    {
+                        srcView.Release();
+                    }
+
+                    if (dstView != dst)
+                    {
+                        dstView.Release();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void BlitColor(
             VulkanRenderer gd,
             CommandBufferScoped cbs,
             TextureView src,
             Auto<DisposableImageView> dst,
             int dstWidth,
             int dstHeight,
+            int dstSamples,
             VkFormat dstFormat,
+            bool dstIsDepthOrStencil,
             Extents2D srcRegion,
             Extents2D dstRegion,
             bool linearFilter,
@@ -237,8 +408,25 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             scissors[0] = new Rectangle<int>(0, 0, dstWidth, dstHeight);
 
-            _pipeline.SetProgram(clearAlpha ? _programColorBlitClearAlpha : _programColorBlit);
-            _pipeline.SetRenderTarget(dst, (uint)dstWidth, (uint)dstHeight, false, dstFormat);
+            if (dstIsDepthOrStencil)
+            {
+                _pipeline.SetProgram(src.Info.Target.IsMultisample() ? _programDepthBlitMs : _programDepthBlit);
+                _pipeline.SetDepthTest(new DepthTestDescriptor(true, true, GAL.CompareOp.Always));
+            }
+            else if (src.Info.Target.IsMultisample())
+            {
+                _pipeline.SetProgram(_programColorBlitMs);
+            }
+            else if (clearAlpha)
+            {
+                _pipeline.SetProgram(_programColorBlitClearAlpha);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                _pipeline.SetProgram(_programColorBlit);
+            }
+
+            _pipeline.SetRenderTarget(dst, (uint)dstWidth, (uint)dstHeight, (uint)dstSamples, dstIsDepthOrStencil, dstFormat);
             _pipeline.SetRenderTargetColorMasks(new uint[] { 0xf });
             _pipeline.SetScissors(scissors);
 
@@ -250,11 +438,185 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             _pipeline.SetViewports(viewports, false);
             _pipeline.SetPrimitiveTopology(GAL.PrimitiveTopology.TriangleStrip);
             _pipeline.Draw(4, 1, 0, 0);
+
+            if (dstIsDepthOrStencil)
+            {
+                _pipeline.SetDepthTest(new DepthTestDescriptor(false, false, GAL.CompareOp.Always));
+            }
+
             _pipeline.Finish(gd, cbs);
 
             gd.BufferManager.Delete(bufferHandle);
         }
 
+        private void BlitDepthStencil(
+            VulkanRenderer gd,
+            CommandBufferScoped cbs,
+            TextureView src,
+            Auto<DisposableImageView> dst,
+            int dstWidth,
+            int dstHeight,
+            int dstSamples,
+            VkFormat dstFormat,
+            Extents2D srcRegion,
+            Extents2D dstRegion)
+        {
+            _pipeline.SetCommandBuffer(cbs);
+
+            const int RegionBufferSize = 16;
+
+            Span<float> region = stackalloc float[RegionBufferSize / sizeof(float)];
+
+            region[0] = (float)srcRegion.X1 / src.Width;
+            region[1] = (float)srcRegion.X2 / src.Width;
+            region[2] = (float)srcRegion.Y1 / src.Height;
+            region[3] = (float)srcRegion.Y2 / src.Height;
+
+            if (dstRegion.X1 > dstRegion.X2)
+            {
+                (region[0], region[1]) = (region[1], region[0]);
+            }
+
+            if (dstRegion.Y1 > dstRegion.Y2)
+            {
+                (region[2], region[3]) = (region[3], region[2]);
+            }
+
+            var bufferHandle = gd.BufferManager.CreateWithHandle(gd, RegionBufferSize, false);
+
+            gd.BufferManager.SetData<float>(bufferHandle, 0, region);
+
+            _pipeline.SetUniformBuffers(stackalloc[] { new BufferAssignment(1, new BufferRange(bufferHandle, 0, RegionBufferSize)) });
+
+            Span<GAL.Viewport> viewports = stackalloc GAL.Viewport[1];
+
+            var rect = new Rectangle<float>(
+                MathF.Min(dstRegion.X1, dstRegion.X2),
+                MathF.Min(dstRegion.Y1, dstRegion.Y2),
+                MathF.Abs(dstRegion.X2 - dstRegion.X1),
+                MathF.Abs(dstRegion.Y2 - dstRegion.Y1));
+
+            viewports[0] = new GAL.Viewport(
+                rect,
+                ViewportSwizzle.PositiveX,
+                ViewportSwizzle.PositiveY,
+                ViewportSwizzle.PositiveZ,
+                ViewportSwizzle.PositiveW,
+                0f,
+                1f);
+
+            Span<Rectangle<int>> scissors = stackalloc Rectangle<int>[1];
+
+            scissors[0] = new Rectangle<int>(0, 0, dstWidth, dstHeight);
+
+            _pipeline.SetRenderTarget(dst, (uint)dstWidth, (uint)dstHeight, (uint)dstSamples, true, dstFormat);
+            _pipeline.SetScissors(scissors);
+            _pipeline.SetViewports(viewports, false);
+            _pipeline.SetPrimitiveTopology(GAL.PrimitiveTopology.TriangleStrip);
+
+            var aspectFlags = src.Info.Format.ConvertAspectFlags();
+
+            if (aspectFlags.HasFlag(ImageAspectFlags.DepthBit))
+            {
+                var depthTexture = CreateDepthOrStencilView(src, DepthStencilMode.Depth);
+
+                BlitDepthStencilDraw(depthTexture, isDepth: true);
+
+                if (depthTexture != src)
+                {
+                    depthTexture.Release();
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (aspectFlags.HasFlag(ImageAspectFlags.StencilBit) && _programStencilBlit != null)
+            {
+                var stencilTexture = CreateDepthOrStencilView(src, DepthStencilMode.Stencil);
+
+                BlitDepthStencilDraw(stencilTexture, isDepth: false);
+
+                if (stencilTexture != src)
+                {
+                    stencilTexture.Release();
+                }
+            }
+
+            _pipeline.Finish(gd, cbs);
+
+            gd.BufferManager.Delete(bufferHandle);
+        }
+
+        private static TextureView CreateDepthOrStencilView(TextureView depthStencilTexture, DepthStencilMode depthStencilMode)
+        {
+            if (depthStencilTexture.Info.DepthStencilMode == depthStencilMode)
+            {
+                return depthStencilTexture;
+            }
+
+            return (TextureView)depthStencilTexture.CreateView(new TextureCreateInfo(
+                depthStencilTexture.Info.Width,
+                depthStencilTexture.Info.Height,
+                depthStencilTexture.Info.Depth,
+                depthStencilTexture.Info.Levels,
+                depthStencilTexture.Info.Samples,
+                depthStencilTexture.Info.BlockWidth,
+                depthStencilTexture.Info.BlockHeight,
+                depthStencilTexture.Info.BytesPerPixel,
+                depthStencilTexture.Info.Format,
+                depthStencilMode,
+                depthStencilTexture.Info.Target,
+                SwizzleComponent.Red,
+                SwizzleComponent.Green,
+                SwizzleComponent.Blue,
+                SwizzleComponent.Alpha), 0, 0);
+        }
+
+        private void BlitDepthStencilDraw(TextureView src, bool isDepth)
+        {
+            _pipeline.SetTextureAndSampler(ShaderStage.Fragment, 0, src, _samplerNearest);
+
+            if (isDepth)
+            {
+                _pipeline.SetProgram(src.Info.Target.IsMultisample() ? _programDepthBlitMs : _programDepthBlit);
+                _pipeline.SetDepthTest(new DepthTestDescriptor(true, true, GAL.CompareOp.Always));
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                _pipeline.SetProgram(src.Info.Target.IsMultisample() ? _programStencilBlitMs : _programStencilBlit);
+                _pipeline.SetStencilTest(CreateStencilTestDescriptor(true));
+            }
+
+            _pipeline.Draw(4, 1, 0, 0);
+
+            if (isDepth)
+            {
+                _pipeline.SetDepthTest(new DepthTestDescriptor(false, false, GAL.CompareOp.Always));
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                _pipeline.SetStencilTest(CreateStencilTestDescriptor(false));
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static StencilTestDescriptor CreateStencilTestDescriptor(bool enabled)
+        {
+            return new StencilTestDescriptor(
+                enabled,
+                GAL.CompareOp.Always,
+                GAL.StencilOp.Replace,
+                GAL.StencilOp.Replace,
+                GAL.StencilOp.Replace,
+                0,
+                0xff,
+                0xff,
+                GAL.CompareOp.Always,
+                GAL.StencilOp.Replace,
+                GAL.StencilOp.Replace,
+                GAL.StencilOp.Replace,
+                0,
+                0xff,
+                0xff);
+        }
+
         public void Clear(
             VulkanRenderer gd,
             Auto<DisposableImageView> dst,
@@ -603,33 +965,25 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             _pipeline.SetUniformBuffers(stackalloc[] { new BufferAssignment(0, new BufferRange(bufferHandle, 0, ParamsBufferSize)) });
 
-            if (src.Info.Target == Target.Texture2DMultisampleArray ||
-                dst.Info.Target == Target.Texture2DMultisampleArray)
+            for (int z = 0; z < depth; z++)
             {
-                for (int z = 0; z < depth; z++)
-                {
-                    var srcView = Create2DLayerView(src, srcLayer + z, format);
-                    var dstView = Create2DLayerView(dst, dstLayer + z);
-
-                    _pipeline.SetTextureAndSampler(ShaderStage.Compute, 0, srcView, null);
-                    _pipeline.SetImage(0, dstView, format);
-
-                    _pipeline.DispatchCompute(dispatchX, dispatchY, 1);
-
-                    srcView.Release();
-                    dstView.Release();
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                var srcView = Create2DLayerView(src, srcLayer, format);
+                var srcView = Create2DLayerView(src, srcLayer + z, 0, format);
+                var dstView = Create2DLayerView(dst, dstLayer + z, 0);
 
                 _pipeline.SetTextureAndSampler(ShaderStage.Compute, 0, srcView, null);
-                _pipeline.SetImage(0, dst, format);
+                _pipeline.SetImage(0, dstView, format);
 
                 _pipeline.DispatchCompute(dispatchX, dispatchY, 1);
 
-                srcView.Release();
+                if (srcView != src)
+                {
+                    srcView.Release();
+                }
+
+                if (dstView != dst)
+                {
+                    dstView.Release();
+                }
             }
 
             gd.BufferManager.Delete(bufferHandle);
@@ -714,36 +1068,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             var format = GetFormat(src.Info.BytesPerPixel);
             var vkFormat = FormatTable.GetFormat(format);
 
-            if (src.Info.Target == Target.Texture2DMultisampleArray ||
-                dst.Info.Target == Target.Texture2DMultisampleArray)
+            for (int z = 0; z < depth; z++)
             {
-                for (int z = 0; z < depth; z++)
-                {
-                    var srcView = Create2DLayerView(src, srcLayer + z, format);
-                    var dstView = Create2DLayerView(dst, dstLayer + z);
-
-                    _pipeline.SetTextureAndSampler(ShaderStage.Fragment, 0, srcView, null);
-                    _pipeline.SetRenderTarget(
-                        ((TextureView)dstView).GetView(format).GetImageViewForAttachment(),
-                        (uint)dst.Width,
-                        (uint)dst.Height,
-                        (uint)samples,
-                        false,
-                        vkFormat);
-
-                    _pipeline.Draw(4, 1, 0, 0);
-
-                    srcView.Release();
-                    dstView.Release();
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                var srcView = Create2DLayerView(src, srcLayer, format);
+                var srcView = Create2DLayerView(src, srcLayer + z, 0, format);
+                var dstView = Create2DLayerView(dst, dstLayer + z, 0);
 
                 _pipeline.SetTextureAndSampler(ShaderStage.Fragment, 0, srcView, null);
                 _pipeline.SetRenderTarget(
-                    dst.GetView(format).GetImageViewForAttachment(),
+                    ((TextureView)dstView).GetView(format).GetImageViewForAttachment(),
                     (uint)dst.Width,
                     (uint)dst.Height,
                     (uint)samples,
@@ -752,7 +1084,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
                 _pipeline.Draw(4, 1, 0, 0);
 
-                srcView.Release();
+                if (srcView != src)
+                {
+                    srcView.Release();
+                }
+
+                if (dstView != dst)
+                {
+                    dstView.Release();
+                }
             }
 
             gd.BufferManager.Delete(bufferHandle);
@@ -809,14 +1149,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             return (samplesInXLog2, samplesInYLog2);
         }
 
-        private static ITexture Create2DLayerView(TextureView from, int layer, GAL.Format? format = null)
+        private static TextureView Create2DLayerView(TextureView from, int layer, int level, GAL.Format? format = null)
         {
+            if (from.Info.Target == Target.Texture2D && level == 0 && (format == null || format.Value == from.Info.Format))
+            {
+                return from;
+            }
+
             var target = from.Info.Target switch
             {
                 Target.Texture1DArray => Target.Texture1D,
-                Target.Texture2DArray => Target.Texture2D,
                 Target.Texture2DMultisampleArray => Target.Texture2DMultisample,
-                _ => from.Info.Target
+                _ => Target.Texture2D
             };
 
             var info = new TextureCreateInfo(
@@ -836,7 +1180,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 from.Info.SwizzleB,
                 from.Info.SwizzleA);
 
-            return from.CreateView(info, layer, 0);
+            return from.CreateViewImpl(info, layer, level);
         }
 
         private static GAL.Format GetFormat(int bytesPerPixel)
@@ -985,6 +1329,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             {
                 _programColorBlitClearAlpha.Dispose();
                 _programColorBlit.Dispose();
+                _programColorBlitMs.Dispose();
                 _programColorClearF.Dispose();
                 _programColorClearSI.Dispose();
                 _programColorClearUI.Dispose();
@@ -993,6 +1338,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 _programConvertIndirectData.Dispose();
                 _programColorCopyToNonMs.Dispose();
                 _programColorDrawToMs.Dispose();
+                _programDepthBlit.Dispose();
+                _programDepthBlitMs.Dispose();
+                _programStencilBlit?.Dispose();
+                _programStencilBlitMs?.Dispose();
                 _samplerNearest.Dispose();
                 _samplerLinear.Dispose();
                 _pipeline.Dispose();

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/MemoryAllocator.cs

@@ -9,25 +9,36 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         private ulong MaxDeviceMemoryUsageEstimate = 16UL * 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
 
         private readonly Vk _api;
+        private readonly PhysicalDevice _physicalDevice;
         private readonly Device _device;
         private readonly List<MemoryAllocatorBlockList> _blockLists;
+        private readonly int _blockAlignment;
+        private readonly PhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties _physicalDeviceMemoryProperties;
 
-        private int _blockAlignment;
-
-        public MemoryAllocator(Vk api, Device device, uint maxMemoryAllocationCount)
+        public MemoryAllocator(Vk api, PhysicalDevice physicalDevice, Device device, uint maxMemoryAllocationCount)
         {
             _api = api;
+            _physicalDevice = physicalDevice;
             _device = device;
             _blockLists = new List<MemoryAllocatorBlockList>();
             _blockAlignment = (int)Math.Min(int.MaxValue, MaxDeviceMemoryUsageEstimate / (ulong)maxMemoryAllocationCount);
+
+            _api.GetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(_physicalDevice, out _physicalDeviceMemoryProperties);
         }
 
         public MemoryAllocation AllocateDeviceMemory(
-            PhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
             MemoryRequirements requirements,
             MemoryPropertyFlags flags = 0)
         {
-            int memoryTypeIndex = FindSuitableMemoryTypeIndex(_api, physicalDevice, requirements.MemoryTypeBits, flags);
+            return AllocateDeviceMemory(requirements, flags, flags);
+        }
+
+        public MemoryAllocation AllocateDeviceMemory(
+            MemoryRequirements requirements,
+            MemoryPropertyFlags flags,
+            MemoryPropertyFlags alternativeFlags)
+        {
+            int memoryTypeIndex = FindSuitableMemoryTypeIndex(requirements.MemoryTypeBits, flags, alternativeFlags);
             if (memoryTypeIndex < 0)
             {
                 return default;
@@ -56,21 +67,31 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             return newBl.Allocate(size, alignment, map);
         }
 
-        private static int FindSuitableMemoryTypeIndex(Vk api, PhysicalDevice physicalDevice, uint memoryTypeBits, MemoryPropertyFlags flags)
+        private int FindSuitableMemoryTypeIndex(
+            uint memoryTypeBits,
+            MemoryPropertyFlags flags,
+            MemoryPropertyFlags alternativeFlags)
         {
-            api.GetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(physicalDevice, out var properties);
+            int bestCandidateIndex = -1;
 
-            for (int i = 0; i < properties.MemoryTypeCount; i++)
+            for (int i = 0; i < _physicalDeviceMemoryProperties.MemoryTypeCount; i++)
             {
-                var type = properties.MemoryTypes[i];
+                var type = _physicalDeviceMemoryProperties.MemoryTypes[i];
 
-                if ((memoryTypeBits & (1 << i)) != 0 && type.PropertyFlags.HasFlag(flags))
+                if ((memoryTypeBits & (1 << i)) != 0)
                 {
-                    return i;
+                    if (type.PropertyFlags.HasFlag(flags))
+                    {
+                        return i;
+                    }
+                    else if (type.PropertyFlags.HasFlag(alternativeFlags))
+                    {
+                        bestCandidateIndex = i;
+                    }
                 }
             }
 
-            return -1;
+            return bestCandidateIndex;
         }
 
         public void Dispose()

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/PipelineBase.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
+using Ryujinx.Common;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
 using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
 using System;
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         protected readonly Device Device;
         public readonly PipelineCache PipelineCache;
 
-        protected readonly AutoFlushCounter AutoFlush;
+        public readonly AutoFlushCounter AutoFlush;
 
         protected PipelineDynamicState DynamicState;
         private PipelineState _newState;
@@ -650,9 +651,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 _newState.DepthWriteEnable = oldDepthWriteEnable;
                 _newState.Topology = oldTopology;
 
-                DynamicState.Viewports = oldViewports;
-                DynamicState.ViewportsCount = (int)oldViewportsCount;
-                DynamicState.SetViewportsDirty();
+                DynamicState.SetViewports(ref oldViewports, oldViewportsCount);
 
                 _newState.ViewportsCount = oldViewportsCount;
                 SignalStateChange();
@@ -1138,7 +1137,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
                         buffer.Dispose();
 
-                        if (!Gd.Capabilities.PortabilitySubset.HasFlag(PortabilitySubsetFlags.VertexBufferAlignment4B) &&
+                        if (Gd.Capabilities.VertexBufferAlignment < 2 &&
                             (vertexBuffer.Stride % FormatExtensions.MaxBufferFormatScalarSize) == 0)
                         {
                             buffer = new VertexBufferState(
@@ -1183,6 +1182,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 return Math.Clamp(value, 0f, 1f);
             }
 
+            DynamicState.ViewportsCount = (uint)count;
+
             for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
             {
                 var viewport = viewports[i];
@@ -1196,8 +1197,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                     Clamp(viewport.DepthFar)));
             }
 
-            DynamicState.ViewportsCount = count;
-
             float disableTransformF = disableTransform ? 1.0f : 0.0f;
             if (SupportBufferUpdater.Data.ViewportInverse.W != disableTransformF || disableTransform)
             {
@@ -1344,8 +1343,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             var dstAttachmentFormats = _newState.Internal.AttachmentFormats.AsSpan();
             FramebufferParams.AttachmentFormats.CopyTo(dstAttachmentFormats);
 
-            int maxAttachmentIndex = FramebufferParams.MaxColorAttachmentIndex + (FramebufferParams.HasDepthStencil ? 1 : 0);
-            for (int i = FramebufferParams.AttachmentFormats.Length; i <= maxAttachmentIndex; i++)
+            for (int i = FramebufferParams.AttachmentFormats.Length; i < dstAttachmentFormats.Length; i++)
             {
                 dstAttachmentFormats[i] = 0;
             }
@@ -1376,8 +1374,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
                 for (int i = 0; i < FramebufferParams.AttachmentsCount; i++)
                 {
-                    int bindIndex = FramebufferParams.AttachmentIndices[i];
-
                     attachmentDescs[i] = new AttachmentDescription(
                         0,
                         FramebufferParams.AttachmentFormats[i],

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/PipelineConverter.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
+using Ryujinx.Common;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
 using System;
 
@@ -27,18 +28,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             int attachmentCount = 0;
             int colorCount = 0;
-            int maxColorAttachmentIndex = 0;
+            int maxColorAttachmentIndex = -1;
 
             for (int i = 0; i < state.AttachmentEnable.Length; i++)
             {
                 if (state.AttachmentEnable[i])
                 {
-                    maxColorAttachmentIndex = i;
-
                     attachmentFormats[attachmentCount] = gd.FormatCapabilities.ConvertToVkFormat(state.AttachmentFormats[i]);
 
                     attachmentIndices[attachmentCount++] = i;
                     colorCount++;
+                    maxColorAttachmentIndex = i;
                 }
             }
 
@@ -76,12 +76,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
                 if (colorAttachmentsCount != 0)
                 {
-                    int maxAttachmentIndex = Constants.MaxRenderTargets - 1;
-                    subpass.ColorAttachmentCount = (uint)maxAttachmentIndex + 1;
+                    subpass.ColorAttachmentCount = (uint)maxColorAttachmentIndex + 1;
                     subpass.PColorAttachments = &attachmentReferences[0];
 
                     // Fill with VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED to cover any gaps.
-                    for (int i = 0; i <= maxAttachmentIndex; i++)
+                    for (int i = 0; i <= maxColorAttachmentIndex; i++)
                     {
                         subpass.PColorAttachments[i] = new AttachmentReference(Vk.AttachmentUnused, ImageLayout.Undefined);
                     }
@@ -255,7 +254,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
                     if (gd.NeedsVertexBufferAlignment(vbScalarSizes[i], out int alignment))
                     {
-                        alignedStride = (vertexBuffer.Stride + (alignment - 1)) & -alignment;
+                        alignedStride = BitUtils.AlignUp(vertexBuffer.Stride, alignment);
                     }
 
                     // TODO: Support divisor > 1
@@ -270,7 +269,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             // NOTE: Viewports, Scissors are dynamic.
 
-            for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
+            for (int i = 0; i < Constants.MaxRenderTargets; i++)
             {
                 var blend = state.BlendDescriptors[i];
 
@@ -293,21 +292,24 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 }
             }
 
-            int maxAttachmentIndex = 0;
-            for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
+            int attachmentCount = 0;
+            int maxColorAttachmentIndex = -1;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < Constants.MaxRenderTargets; i++)
             {
                 if (state.AttachmentEnable[i])
                 {
-                    pipeline.Internal.AttachmentFormats[maxAttachmentIndex++] = gd.FormatCapabilities.ConvertToVkFormat(state.AttachmentFormats[i]);
+                    pipeline.Internal.AttachmentFormats[attachmentCount++] = gd.FormatCapabilities.ConvertToVkFormat(state.AttachmentFormats[i]);
+                    maxColorAttachmentIndex = i;
                 }
             }
 
             if (state.DepthStencilEnable)
             {
-                pipeline.Internal.AttachmentFormats[maxAttachmentIndex++] = gd.FormatCapabilities.ConvertToVkFormat(state.DepthStencilFormat);
+                pipeline.Internal.AttachmentFormats[attachmentCount++] = gd.FormatCapabilities.ConvertToVkFormat(state.DepthStencilFormat);
             }
 
-            pipeline.ColorBlendAttachmentStateCount = 8;
+            pipeline.ColorBlendAttachmentStateCount = (uint)(maxColorAttachmentIndex + 1);
             pipeline.VertexAttributeDescriptionsCount = (uint)Math.Min(Constants.MaxVertexAttributes, state.VertexAttribCount);
 
             return pipeline;

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/PipelineDynamicState.cs

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
         private Array4<float> _blendConstants;
 
-        public int ViewportsCount;
+        public uint ViewportsCount;
         public Array16<Viewport> Viewports;
 
         private enum DirtyFlags
@@ -88,9 +88,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             _dirty |= DirtyFlags.Viewport;
         }
 
-        public void SetViewportsDirty()
+        public void SetViewports(ref Array16<Viewport> viewports, uint viewportsCount)
         {
-            _dirty |= DirtyFlags.Viewport;
+            Viewports = viewports;
+            ViewportsCount = viewportsCount;
+
+            if (ViewportsCount != 0)
+            {
+                _dirty |= DirtyFlags.Viewport;
+            }
         }
 
         public void ForceAllDirty()
@@ -155,7 +161,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
         private void RecordViewport(Vk api, CommandBuffer commandBuffer)
         {
-            api.CmdSetViewport(commandBuffer, 0, (uint)ViewportsCount, Viewports.AsSpan());
+            if (ViewportsCount != 0)
+            {
+                api.CmdSetViewport(commandBuffer, 0, ViewportsCount, Viewports.AsSpan());
+            }
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/PipelineFull.cs

@@ -10,19 +10,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
     {
         private const ulong MinByteWeightForFlush = 256 * 1024 * 1024; // MiB
 
-        private readonly List<QueryPool> _activeQueries;
+        private readonly List<(QueryPool, bool)> _activeQueries;
         private CounterQueueEvent _activeConditionalRender;
 
         private readonly List<BufferedQuery> _pendingQueryCopies;
-        private readonly List<BufferedQuery> _pendingQueryResets;
 
         private ulong _byteWeight;
 
         public PipelineFull(VulkanRenderer gd, Device device) : base(gd, device)
         {
-            _activeQueries = new List<QueryPool>();
+            _activeQueries = new List<(QueryPool, bool)>();
             _pendingQueryCopies = new();
-            _pendingQueryResets = new List<BufferedQuery>();
 
             CommandBuffer = (Cbs = gd.CommandBufferPool.Rent()).CommandBuffer;
         }
@@ -34,16 +32,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 query.PoolCopy(Cbs);
             }
 
-            lock (_pendingQueryResets)
-            {
-                foreach (var query in _pendingQueryResets)
-                {
-                    query.PoolReset(CommandBuffer);
-                }
-
-                _pendingQueryResets.Clear();
-            }
-
             _pendingQueryCopies.Clear();
         }
 
@@ -214,7 +202,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             AutoFlush.RegisterFlush(DrawCount);
             EndRenderPass();
 
-            foreach (var queryPool in _activeQueries)
+            foreach ((var queryPool, _) in _activeQueries)
             {
                 Gd.Api.CmdEndQuery(CommandBuffer, queryPool, 0);
             }
@@ -232,16 +220,20 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             // Restore per-command buffer state.
 
-            foreach (var queryPool in _activeQueries)
+            foreach ((var queryPool, var isOcclusion) in _activeQueries)
             {
+                bool isPrecise = Gd.Capabilities.SupportsPreciseOcclusionQueries && isOcclusion;
+
                 Gd.Api.CmdResetQueryPool(CommandBuffer, queryPool, 0, 1);
-                Gd.Api.CmdBeginQuery(CommandBuffer, queryPool, 0, Gd.Capabilities.SupportsPreciseOcclusionQueries ? QueryControlFlags.PreciseBit : 0);
+                Gd.Api.CmdBeginQuery(CommandBuffer, queryPool, 0, isPrecise ? QueryControlFlags.PreciseBit : 0);
             }
 
+            Gd.ResetCounterPool();
+
             Restore();
         }
 
-        public void BeginQuery(BufferedQuery query, QueryPool pool, bool needsReset)
+        public void BeginQuery(BufferedQuery query, QueryPool pool, bool needsReset, bool isOcclusion, bool fromSamplePool)
         {
             if (needsReset)
             {
@@ -249,29 +241,31 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
                 Gd.Api.CmdResetQueryPool(CommandBuffer, pool, 0, 1);
 
-                lock (_pendingQueryResets)
+                if (fromSamplePool)
                 {
-                    _pendingQueryResets.Remove(query); // Might be present on here.
+                    // Try reset some additional queries in advance.
+
+                    Gd.ResetFutureCounters(CommandBuffer, AutoFlush.GetRemainingQueries());
                 }
             }
 
-            Gd.Api.CmdBeginQuery(CommandBuffer, pool, 0, Gd.Capabilities.SupportsPreciseOcclusionQueries ? QueryControlFlags.PreciseBit : 0);
+            bool isPrecise = Gd.Capabilities.SupportsPreciseOcclusionQueries && isOcclusion;
+            Gd.Api.CmdBeginQuery(CommandBuffer, pool, 0, isPrecise ? QueryControlFlags.PreciseBit : 0);
 
-            _activeQueries.Add(pool);
+            _activeQueries.Add((pool, isOcclusion));
         }
 
         public void EndQuery(QueryPool pool)
         {
             Gd.Api.CmdEndQuery(CommandBuffer, pool, 0);
 
-            _activeQueries.Remove(pool);
-        }
-
-        public void ResetQuery(BufferedQuery query)
-        {
-            lock (_pendingQueryResets)
+            for (int i = 0; i < _activeQueries.Count; i++)
             {
-                _pendingQueryResets.Add(query);
+                if (_activeQueries[i].Item1.Handle == pool.Handle)
+                {
+                    _activeQueries.RemoveAt(i);
+                    break;
+                }
             }
         }
 
@@ -287,7 +281,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
         protected override void SignalAttachmentChange()
         {
-            if (AutoFlush.ShouldFlush(DrawCount))
+            if (AutoFlush.ShouldFlushAttachmentChange(DrawCount))
             {
                 FlushCommandsImpl();
             }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/Queries/BufferedQuery.cs

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.Queries
         private readonly PipelineFull _pipeline;
 
         private QueryPool _queryPool;
-        private bool _isReset;
 
         private readonly BufferHolder _buffer;
         private readonly IntPtr _bufferMap;
@@ -27,6 +26,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.Queries
         private bool _isSupported;
 
         private long _defaultValue;
+        private int? _resetSequence;
 
         public unsafe BufferedQuery(VulkanRenderer gd, Device device, PipelineFull pipeline, CounterType type, bool result32Bit)
         {
@@ -67,8 +67,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.Queries
             return type switch
             {
                 CounterType.SamplesPassed => true,
+                CounterType.PrimitivesGenerated => gd.Capabilities.SupportsPipelineStatisticsQuery,
                 CounterType.TransformFeedbackPrimitivesWritten => gd.Capabilities.SupportsTransformFeedbackQueries,
-                CounterType.PrimitivesGenerated => gd.Capabilities.SupportsGeometryShader,
                 _ => false
             };
         }
@@ -92,16 +92,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.Queries
         public void Reset()
         {
             End(false);
-            Begin();
+            Begin(null);
         }
 
-        public void Begin()
+        public void Begin(int? resetSequence)
         {
             if (_isSupported)
             {
-                _pipeline.BeginQuery(this, _queryPool, !_isReset);
+                bool needsReset = resetSequence == null || _resetSequence == null || resetSequence.Value != _resetSequence.Value;
+                bool isOcclusion = _type == CounterType.SamplesPassed;
+                _pipeline.BeginQuery(this, _queryPool, needsReset, isOcclusion, isOcclusion && resetSequence != null);
             }
-            _isReset = false;
+            _resetSequence = null;
         }
 
         public unsafe void End(bool withResult)
@@ -162,13 +164,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.Queries
             return data;
         }
 
-        public void PoolReset(CommandBuffer cmd)
+        public void PoolReset(CommandBuffer cmd, int resetSequence)
         {
             if (_isSupported)
             {
                 _api.CmdResetQueryPool(cmd, _queryPool, 0, 1);
             }
-            _isReset = true;
+
+            _resetSequence = resetSequence;
         }
 
         public void PoolCopy(CommandBufferScoped cbs)

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/Queries/CounterQueue.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Threading;
+using System.Linq;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.Queries
 {
@@ -32,6 +33,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.Queries
 
         private Thread _consumerThread;
 
+        public int ResetSequence { get; private set; }
+
         internal CounterQueue(VulkanRenderer gd, Device device, PipelineFull pipeline, CounterType type)
         {
             _gd = gd;
@@ -53,6 +56,24 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.Queries
             _consumerThread.Start();
         }
 
+        public void ResetCounterPool()
+        {
+            ResetSequence++;
+        }
+
+        public void ResetFutureCounters(CommandBuffer cmd, int count)
+        {
+            // Pre-emptively reset queries to avoid render pass splitting.
+            lock (_queryPool)
+            {
+                count = Math.Min(count, _queryPool.Count);
+                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                {
+                    _queryPool.ElementAt(i).PoolReset(cmd, ResetSequence);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         private void EventConsumer()
         {
             while (!Disposed)
@@ -106,7 +127,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.Queries
         {
             lock (_lock)
             {
-                _pipeline.ResetQuery(query);
+                // The query will be reset when it dequeues.
                 _queryPool.Enqueue(query);
             }
         }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/Queries/CounterQueueEvent.cs

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.Queries
 
             DrawIndex = drawIndex;
 
-            _counter.Begin();
+            _counter.Begin(_queue.ResetSequence);
         }
 
         public Auto<DisposableBuffer> GetBuffer()

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/Queries/Counters.cs

@@ -24,6 +24,19 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.Queries
             }
         }
 
+        public void ResetCounterPool()
+        {
+            foreach (var queue in _counterQueues)
+            {
+                queue.ResetCounterPool();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void ResetFutureCounters(CommandBuffer cmd, int count)
+        {
+            _counterQueues[(int)CounterType.SamplesPassed].ResetFutureCounters(cmd, count);
+        }
+
         public CounterQueueEvent QueueReport(CounterType type, EventHandler<ulong> resultHandler, bool hostReserved)
         {
             return _counterQueues[(int)type].QueueReport(resultHandler, _pipeline.DrawCount, hostReserved);

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/Shaders/ColorBlitMsFragmentShaderSource.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#version 450 core
+
+layout (binding = 0, set = 2) uniform sampler2DMS tex;
+
+layout (location = 0) in vec2 tex_coord;
+layout (location = 0) out vec4 colour;
+
+void main()
+{
+    colour = texelFetch(tex, ivec2(tex_coord * vec2(textureSize(tex).xy)), gl_SampleID);
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/Shaders/DepthBlitFragmentShaderSource.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#version 450 core
+
+layout (binding = 0, set = 2) uniform sampler2D texDepth;
+
+layout (location = 0) in vec2 tex_coord;
+
+void main()
+{
+    gl_FragDepth = texture(texDepth, tex_coord).r;
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/Shaders/DepthBlitMsFragmentShaderSource.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#version 450 core
+
+layout (binding = 0, set = 2) uniform sampler2DMS texDepth;
+
+layout (location = 0) in vec2 tex_coord;
+
+void main()
+{
+    gl_FragDepth = texelFetch(texDepth, ivec2(tex_coord * vec2(textureSize(texDepth).xy)), gl_SampleID).r;
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/Shaders/ShaderBinaries.cs

@@ -329,6 +329,61 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.Shaders
             0xFD, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00,
         };
 
+        public static readonly byte[] ColorBlitMsFragmentShaderSource = new byte[]
+        {
+            0x03, 0x02, 0x23, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00,
+            0x23, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00,
+            0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x47, 0x4C, 0x53, 0x4C, 0x2E, 0x73, 0x74, 0x64, 0x2E, 0x34, 0x35, 0x30,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0E, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x0F, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6E,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x10, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00,
+            0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC2, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x6D, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x63, 0x6F, 0x6C, 0x6F, 0x75, 0x72, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x0D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x74, 0x65, 0x78, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x74, 0x65, 0x78, 0x5F,
+            0x63, 0x6F, 0x6F, 0x72, 0x64, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x1C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x67, 0x6C, 0x5F, 0x53, 0x61, 0x6D, 0x70, 0x6C, 0x65, 0x49, 0x44, 0x00, 0x47, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+            0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x47, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+            0x0D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x22, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x47, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+            0x0D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x21, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x47, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+            0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x47, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00,
+            0x1C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x47, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x1C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x12, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x13, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x21, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x16, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00,
+            0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3B, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x19, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1B, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00,
+            0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3B, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x0D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3B, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x15, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x15, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x16, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x15, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x1B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x15, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3B, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x1B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x1C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x36, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00,
+            0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3D, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x0D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3D, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x12, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x64, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x14, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x68, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x16, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x14, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6F, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x85, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x19, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x12, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6E, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x16, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x1A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x19, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3D, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x15, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x1D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x64, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x1E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x5F, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x1F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x1D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3E, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0xFD, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00,
+        };
+
         public static readonly byte[] ColorBlitVertexShaderSource = new byte[]
         {
             0x03, 0x02, 0x23, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
@@ -1459,5 +1514,216 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.Shaders
             0x3B, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF9, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0xE3, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
             0xF8, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0xE5, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFD, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00,
         };
+
+        public static readonly byte[] DepthBlitFragmentShaderSource = new byte[]
+        {
+            0x03, 0x02, 0x23, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00,
+            0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x47, 0x4C, 0x53, 0x4C, 0x2E, 0x73, 0x74, 0x64, 0x2E, 0x34, 0x35, 0x30,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0E, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x0F, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6E,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00,
+            0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC2, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x05, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x05, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x67, 0x6C, 0x5F, 0x46, 0x72, 0x61, 0x67, 0x44,
+            0x65, 0x70, 0x74, 0x68, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x74, 0x65, 0x78, 0x44, 0x65, 0x70, 0x74, 0x68, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00,
+            0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x74, 0x65, 0x78, 0x5F, 0x63, 0x6F, 0x6F, 0x72, 0x64, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x47, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x16, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x47, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x22, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x47, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x21, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x47, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x13, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x21, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x16, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x20, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x3B, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x19, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1B, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x20, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x3B, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x17, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x20, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x3B, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x17, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x12, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x36, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3D, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+            0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3D, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+            0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x57, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00,
+            0x12, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x13, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x51, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x16, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x13, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3E, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x16, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0xFD, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00,
+        };
+
+        public static readonly byte[] DepthBlitMsFragmentShaderSource = new byte[]
+        {
+            0x03, 0x02, 0x23, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x23, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00,
+            0x23, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00,
+            0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x47, 0x4C, 0x53, 0x4C, 0x2E, 0x73, 0x74, 0x64, 0x2E, 0x34, 0x35, 0x30,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0E, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x0F, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6E,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x10, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00,
+            0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0xC2, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6E,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x67, 0x6C, 0x5F, 0x46,
+            0x72, 0x61, 0x67, 0x44, 0x65, 0x70, 0x74, 0x68, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00,
+            0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x74, 0x65, 0x78, 0x44, 0x65, 0x70, 0x74, 0x68, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x05, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x74, 0x65, 0x78, 0x5F, 0x63, 0x6F, 0x6F, 0x72,
+            0x64, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x1B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x67, 0x6C, 0x5F, 0x53,
+            0x61, 0x6D, 0x70, 0x6C, 0x65, 0x49, 0x44, 0x00, 0x47, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x16, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x47, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x22, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x47, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x21, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x47, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x1E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x47, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x1B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x47, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x1B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x12, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x13, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x21, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00,
+            0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x16, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3B, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x19, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1B, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3B, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3B, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x15, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x14, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x15, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x14, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x1A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x14, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3B, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x1A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x1E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x36, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x3D, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x3D, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x64, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x13, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x68, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x15, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x16, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x13, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x6F, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x16, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x85, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6E, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x15, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x19, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3D, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x14, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x1B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x64, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x0D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x5F, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x1E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x1D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x19, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x51, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x22, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3E, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x22, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0xFD, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00,
+        };
+
+        public static readonly byte[] StencilBlitFragmentShaderSource = new byte[]
+        {
+            0x03, 0x02, 0x23, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00,
+            0x95, 0x13, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x53, 0x50, 0x56, 0x5F, 0x45, 0x58, 0x54, 0x5F,
+            0x73, 0x68, 0x61, 0x64, 0x65, 0x72, 0x5F, 0x73, 0x74, 0x65, 0x6E, 0x63, 0x69, 0x6C, 0x5F, 0x65,
+            0x78, 0x70, 0x6F, 0x72, 0x74, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x47, 0x4C, 0x53, 0x4C, 0x2E, 0x73, 0x74, 0x64, 0x2E, 0x34, 0x35, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x0E, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00,
+            0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xA3, 0x13, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x03, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC2, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00,
+            0x47, 0x4C, 0x5F, 0x41, 0x52, 0x42, 0x5F, 0x73, 0x68, 0x61, 0x64, 0x65, 0x72, 0x5F, 0x73, 0x74,
+            0x65, 0x6E, 0x63, 0x69, 0x6C, 0x5F, 0x65, 0x78, 0x70, 0x6F, 0x72, 0x74, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x05, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x05, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x67, 0x6C, 0x5F, 0x46, 0x72, 0x61, 0x67, 0x53,
+            0x74, 0x65, 0x6E, 0x63, 0x69, 0x6C, 0x52, 0x65, 0x66, 0x41, 0x52, 0x42, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x05, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x74, 0x65, 0x78, 0x53, 0x74, 0x65, 0x6E, 0x63,
+            0x69, 0x6C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x74, 0x65, 0x78, 0x5F,
+            0x63, 0x6F, 0x6F, 0x72, 0x64, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x47, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x96, 0x13, 0x00, 0x00, 0x47, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x22, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x47, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x21, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x47, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x1E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x13, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x21, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x15, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+            0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+            0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3B, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+            0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x19, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00,
+            0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x1B, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+            0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3B, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+            0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x16, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00,
+            0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3B, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x13, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x36, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00,
+            0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3D, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3D, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x12, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x57, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x13, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x14, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x0D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x12, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x51, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x14, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3E, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00,
+            0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFD, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00,
+        };
+
+        public static readonly byte[] StencilBlitMsFragmentShaderSource = new byte[]
+        {
+            0x03, 0x02, 0x23, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x23, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00,
+            0x23, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00,
+            0x95, 0x13, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x53, 0x50, 0x56, 0x5F, 0x45, 0x58, 0x54, 0x5F,
+            0x73, 0x68, 0x61, 0x64, 0x65, 0x72, 0x5F, 0x73, 0x74, 0x65, 0x6E, 0x63, 0x69, 0x6C, 0x5F, 0x65,
+            0x78, 0x70, 0x6F, 0x72, 0x74, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x47, 0x4C, 0x53, 0x4C, 0x2E, 0x73, 0x74, 0x64, 0x2E, 0x34, 0x35, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x0E, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00,
+            0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00,
+            0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0xA3, 0x13, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC2, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x04, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x47, 0x4C, 0x5F, 0x41, 0x52, 0x42, 0x5F, 0x73, 0x68, 0x61, 0x64, 0x65,
+            0x72, 0x5F, 0x73, 0x74, 0x65, 0x6E, 0x63, 0x69, 0x6C, 0x5F, 0x65, 0x78, 0x70, 0x6F, 0x72, 0x74,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6E,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x67, 0x6C, 0x5F, 0x46,
+            0x72, 0x61, 0x67, 0x53, 0x74, 0x65, 0x6E, 0x63, 0x69, 0x6C, 0x52, 0x65, 0x66, 0x41, 0x52, 0x42,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x74, 0x65, 0x78, 0x53,
+            0x74, 0x65, 0x6E, 0x63, 0x69, 0x6C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x74, 0x65, 0x78, 0x5F, 0x63, 0x6F, 0x6F, 0x72, 0x64, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00,
+            0x1B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x67, 0x6C, 0x5F, 0x53, 0x61, 0x6D, 0x70, 0x6C, 0x65, 0x49, 0x44, 0x00,
+            0x47, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x96, 0x13, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x47, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x22, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x47, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x21, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x47, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x47, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x1B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x47, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+            0x1B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x12, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x13, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00,
+            0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x21, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x15, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x20, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x3B, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x19, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1B, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x20, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x3B, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x16, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+            0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+            0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3B, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+            0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+            0x15, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+            0x1A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3B, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+            0x1A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+            0x1E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x36, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00,
+            0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0xF8, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3D, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x0D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3D, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x12, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x64, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x14, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x68, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x15, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x16, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x14, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6F, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x16, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x85, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x12, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6E, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+            0x15, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x19, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3D, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+            0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x64, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+            0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x5F, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00,
+            0x1E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x19, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x51, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x22, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3E, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00,
+            0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x22, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFD, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00,
+        };
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/Shaders/StencilBlitFragmentShaderSource.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#version 450 core
+
+#extension GL_ARB_shader_stencil_export : require
+
+layout (binding = 0, set = 2) uniform isampler2D texStencil;
+
+layout (location = 0) in vec2 tex_coord;
+
+void main()
+{
+    gl_FragStencilRefARB = texture(texStencil, tex_coord).r;
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/Shaders/StencilBlitMsFragmentShaderSource.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#version 450 core
+
+#extension GL_ARB_shader_stencil_export : require
+
+layout (binding = 0, set = 2) uniform isampler2DMS texStencil;
+
+layout (location = 0) in vec2 tex_coord;
+
+void main()
+{
+    gl_FragStencilRefARB = texelFetch(texStencil, ivec2(tex_coord * vec2(textureSize(texStencil).xy)), gl_SampleID).r;
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/TextureStorage.cs

@@ -55,7 +55,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
         public unsafe TextureStorage(
             VulkanRenderer gd,
-            PhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
             Device device,
             TextureCreateInfo info,
             float scaleFactor,
@@ -118,7 +117,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             if (foreignAllocation == null)
             {
                 gd.Api.GetImageMemoryRequirements(device, _image, out var requirements);
-                var allocation = gd.MemoryAllocator.AllocateDeviceMemory(physicalDevice, requirements, DefaultImageMemoryFlags);
+                var allocation = gd.MemoryAllocator.AllocateDeviceMemory(requirements, DefaultImageMemoryFlags);
 
                 if (allocation.Memory.Handle == 0UL)
                 {
@@ -173,7 +172,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
                 var info = NewCreateInfoWith(ref _info, format, _info.BytesPerPixel);
 
-                storage = new TextureStorage(_gd, default, _device, info, ScaleFactor, _allocationAuto);
+                storage = new TextureStorage(_gd, _device, info, ScaleFactor, _allocationAuto);
 
                 _aliasedStorages.Add(format, storage);
             }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/TextureView.cs

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             var componentMapping = new ComponentMapping(swizzleR, swizzleG, swizzleB, swizzleA);
 
             var aspectFlags = info.Format.ConvertAspectFlags(info.DepthStencilMode);
-            var aspectFlagsDepth = info.Format.ConvertAspectFlags(DepthStencilMode.Depth);
+            var aspectFlagsDepth = info.Format.ConvertAspectFlags();
 
             var subresourceRange = new ImageSubresourceRange(aspectFlags, (uint)firstLevel, levels, (uint)firstLayer, layers);
             var subresourceRangeDepth = new ImageSubresourceRange(aspectFlagsDepth, (uint)firstLevel, levels, (uint)firstLayer, layers);
@@ -362,31 +362,23 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                         levels,
                         linearFilter);
 
-                    return;
-                }
-                else if (srcFormat == GAL.Format.D32FloatS8Uint && srcFormat == dstFormat && SupportsBlitFromD32FS8ToD32FAndS8())
-                {
-                    BlitDepthStencilWithBuffer(_gd, cbs, src, dst, srcRegion, dstRegion);
-
                     return;
                 }
             }
 
-            if (VulkanConfiguration.UseSlowSafeBlitOnAmd &&
-                (_gd.Vendor == Vendor.Amd || _gd.IsMoltenVk) &&
-                src.Info.Target == Target.Texture2D &&
-                dst.Info.Target == Target.Texture2D &&
-                !dst.Info.Format.IsDepthOrStencil())
+            bool isDepthOrStencil = dst.Info.Format.IsDepthOrStencil();
+
+            if (VulkanConfiguration.UseSlowSafeBlitOnAmd && (_gd.Vendor == Vendor.Amd || _gd.IsMoltenVk))
             {
                 _gd.HelperShader.Blit(
                     _gd,
                     src,
-                    dst.GetIdentityImageView(),
-                    dst.Width,
-                    dst.Height,
-                    dst.VkFormat,
+                    dst,
                     srcRegion,
                     dstRegion,
+                    layers,
+                    levels,
+                    isDepthOrStencil,
                     linearFilter);
 
                 return;
@@ -395,7 +387,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             Auto<DisposableImage> srcImage;
             Auto<DisposableImage> dstImage;
 
-            if (dst.Info.Format.IsDepthOrStencil())
+            if (isDepthOrStencil)
             {
                 srcImage = src.Storage.CreateAliasedColorForDepthStorageUnsafe(srcFormat).GetImage();
                 dstImage = dst.Storage.CreateAliasedColorForDepthStorageUnsafe(dstFormat).GetImage();
@@ -426,189 +418,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 ImageAspectFlags.ColorBit);
         }
 
-        private static void BlitDepthStencilWithBuffer(
-            VulkanRenderer gd,
-            CommandBufferScoped cbs,
-            TextureView src,
-            TextureView dst,
-            Extents2D srcRegion,
-            Extents2D dstRegion)
-        {
-            int drBaseX = Math.Min(dstRegion.X1, dstRegion.X2);
-            int drBaseY = Math.Min(dstRegion.Y1, dstRegion.Y2);
-            int drWidth = Math.Abs(dstRegion.X2 - dstRegion.X1);
-            int drHeight = Math.Abs(dstRegion.Y2 - dstRegion.Y1);
-
-            var drOriginZero = new Extents2D(
-                dstRegion.X1 - drBaseX,
-                dstRegion.Y1 - drBaseY,
-                dstRegion.X2 - drBaseX,
-                dstRegion.Y2 - drBaseY);
-
-            var d32SrcStorageInfo = TextureStorage.NewCreateInfoWith(ref src._info, GAL.Format.D32Float, 4);
-            var d32DstStorageInfo = TextureStorage.NewCreateInfoWith(ref dst._info, GAL.Format.D32Float, 4, drWidth, drHeight);
-            var s8SrcStorageInfo = TextureStorage.NewCreateInfoWith(ref src._info, GAL.Format.S8Uint, 1);
-            var s8DstStorageInfo = TextureStorage.NewCreateInfoWith(ref dst._info, GAL.Format.S8Uint, 1, drWidth, drHeight);
-
-            using var d32SrcStorage = gd.CreateTextureStorage(d32SrcStorageInfo, src.Storage.ScaleFactor);
-            using var d32DstStorage = gd.CreateTextureStorage(d32DstStorageInfo, dst.Storage.ScaleFactor);
-            using var s8SrcStorage = gd.CreateTextureStorage(s8SrcStorageInfo, src.Storage.ScaleFactor);
-            using var s8DstStorage = gd.CreateTextureStorage(s8DstStorageInfo, dst.Storage.ScaleFactor);
-
-            void SlowBlit(TextureStorage srcTemp, TextureStorage dstTemp, ImageAspectFlags aspectFlags)
-            {
-                int levels = Math.Min(src.Info.Levels, dst.Info.Levels);
-
-                int srcSize = 0;
-                int dstSize = 0;
-
-                for (int l = 0; l < levels; l++)
-                {
-                    srcSize += srcTemp.Info.GetMipSize2D(l);
-                    dstSize += dstTemp.Info.GetMipSize2D(l);
-                }
-
-                using var srcTempBuffer = gd.BufferManager.Create(gd, srcSize, deviceLocal: true);
-                using var dstTempBuffer = gd.BufferManager.Create(gd, dstSize, deviceLocal: true);
-
-                src.Storage.CopyFromOrToBuffer(
-                    cbs.CommandBuffer,
-                    srcTempBuffer.GetBuffer().Get(cbs, 0, srcSize).Value,
-                    src.GetImage().Get(cbs).Value,
-                    srcSize,
-                    to: true,
-                    0,
-                    0,
-                    src.FirstLayer,
-                    src.FirstLevel,
-                    1,
-                    levels,
-                    true,
-                    aspectFlags,
-                    false);
-
-                BufferHolder.InsertBufferBarrier(
-                    gd,
-                    cbs.CommandBuffer,
-                    srcTempBuffer.GetBuffer().Get(cbs, 0, srcSize).Value,
-                    AccessFlags.TransferWriteBit,
-                    AccessFlags.TransferReadBit,
-                    PipelineStageFlags.TransferBit,
-                    PipelineStageFlags.TransferBit,
-                    0,
-                    srcSize);
-
-                srcTemp.CopyFromOrToBuffer(
-                    cbs.CommandBuffer,
-                    srcTempBuffer.GetBuffer().Get(cbs, 0, srcSize).Value,
-                    srcTemp.GetImage().Get(cbs).Value,
-                    srcSize,
-                    to: false,
-                    0,
-                    0,
-                    0,
-                    0,
-                    1,
-                    levels,
-                    true,
-                    aspectFlags,
-                    false);
-
-                InsertImageBarrier(
-                    gd.Api,
-                    cbs.CommandBuffer,
-                    srcTemp.GetImage().Get(cbs).Value,
-                    AccessFlags.TransferWriteBit,
-                    AccessFlags.TransferReadBit,
-                    PipelineStageFlags.TransferBit,
-                    PipelineStageFlags.TransferBit,
-                    aspectFlags,
-                    0,
-                    0,
-                    1,
-                    levels);
-
-                TextureCopy.Blit(
-                    gd.Api,
-                    cbs.CommandBuffer,
-                    srcTemp.GetImage().Get(cbs).Value,
-                    dstTemp.GetImage().Get(cbs).Value,
-                    srcTemp.Info,
-                    dstTemp.Info,
-                    srcRegion,
-                    drOriginZero,
-                    0,
-                    0,
-                    0,
-                    0,
-                    1,
-                    levels,
-                    false,
-                    aspectFlags,
-                    aspectFlags);
-
-                InsertImageBarrier(
-                    gd.Api,
-                    cbs.CommandBuffer,
-                    dstTemp.GetImage().Get(cbs).Value,
-                    AccessFlags.TransferWriteBit,
-                    AccessFlags.TransferReadBit,
-                    PipelineStageFlags.TransferBit,
-                    PipelineStageFlags.TransferBit,
-                    aspectFlags,
-                    0,
-                    0,
-                    1,
-                    levels);
-
-                dstTemp.CopyFromOrToBuffer(
-                    cbs.CommandBuffer,
-                    dstTempBuffer.GetBuffer().Get(cbs, 0, dstSize).Value,
-                    dstTemp.GetImage().Get(cbs).Value,
-                    dstSize,
-                    to: true,
-                    0,
-                    0,
-                    0,
-                    0,
-                    1,
-                    levels,
-                    true,
-                    aspectFlags,
-                    false);
-
-                BufferHolder.InsertBufferBarrier(
-                    gd,
-                    cbs.CommandBuffer,
-                    dstTempBuffer.GetBuffer().Get(cbs, 0, dstSize).Value,
-                    AccessFlags.TransferWriteBit,
-                    AccessFlags.TransferReadBit,
-                    PipelineStageFlags.TransferBit,
-                    PipelineStageFlags.TransferBit,
-                    0,
-                    dstSize);
-
-                dst.Storage.CopyFromOrToBuffer(
-                    cbs.CommandBuffer,
-                    dstTempBuffer.GetBuffer().Get(cbs, 0, dstSize).Value,
-                    dst.GetImage().Get(cbs).Value,
-                    dstSize,
-                    to: false,
-                    drBaseX,
-                    drBaseY,
-                    dst.FirstLayer,
-                    dst.FirstLevel,
-                    1,
-                    levels,
-                    true,
-                    aspectFlags,
-                    false);
-            }
-
-            SlowBlit(d32SrcStorage, d32DstStorage, ImageAspectFlags.DepthBit);
-            SlowBlit(s8SrcStorage, s8DstStorage, ImageAspectFlags.StencilBit);
-        }
-
         public static unsafe void InsertImageBarrier(
             Vk api,
             CommandBuffer commandBuffer,
@@ -649,13 +458,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 memoryBarrier);
         }
 
-        private bool SupportsBlitFromD32FS8ToD32FAndS8()
-        {
-            var formatFeatureFlags = FormatFeatureFlags.BlitSrcBit | FormatFeatureFlags.BlitDstBit;
-            return _gd.FormatCapabilities.OptimalFormatSupports(formatFeatureFlags, GAL.Format.D32Float)  &&
-                   _gd.FormatCapabilities.OptimalFormatSupports(formatFeatureFlags, GAL.Format.S8Uint);
-        }
-
         public TextureView GetView(GAL.Format format)
         {
             if (format == Info.Format)
@@ -695,7 +497,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             return CreateViewImpl(info, firstLayer, firstLevel);
         }
 
-        private TextureView CreateViewImpl(TextureCreateInfo info, int firstLayer, int firstLevel)
+        public TextureView CreateViewImpl(TextureCreateInfo info, int firstLayer, int firstLevel)
         {
             return new TextureView(_gd, _device, info, Storage, FirstLayer + firstLayer, FirstLevel + firstLevel);
         }
@@ -910,7 +712,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             for (int level = 0; level < levels; level++)
             {
-                int mipSize = GetBufferDataLength(Info.GetMipSize(dstLevel + level));
+                int mipSize = GetBufferDataLength(Info.GetMipSize2D(dstLevel + level) * dstLayers);
 
                 int endOffset = offset + mipSize;
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/Vendor.cs

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         Intel,
         Nvidia,
         ARM,
+        Broadcom,
         Qualcomm,
         Apple,
         Unknown
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 0x106B => Vendor.Apple,
                 0x10DE => Vendor.Nvidia,
                 0x13B5 => Vendor.ARM,
+                0x14E4 => Vendor.Broadcom,
                 0x8086 => Vendor.Intel,
                 0x5143 => Vendor.Qualcomm,
                 _ => Vendor.Unknown
@@ -43,6 +45,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 0x106B => "Apple",
                 0x10DE => "NVIDIA",
                 0x13B5 => "ARM",
+                0x14E4 => "Broadcom",
                 0x1AE0 => "Google",
                 0x5143 => "Qualcomm",
                 0x8086 => "Intel",

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/VulkanInitialization.cs

@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
     public unsafe static class VulkanInitialization
     {
         private const uint InvalidIndex = uint.MaxValue;
+        private static uint MinimalVulkanVersion = Vk.Version11.Value;
+        private static uint MinimalInstanceVulkanVersion = Vk.Version12.Value;
+        private static uint MaximumVulkanVersion = Vk.Version12.Value;
         private const string AppName = "Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan";
         private const int QueuesCount = 2;
 
@@ -29,10 +32,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             "VK_EXT_fragment_shader_interlock",
             "VK_EXT_index_type_uint8",
             "VK_EXT_robustness2",
+            "VK_EXT_shader_stencil_export",
             "VK_KHR_shader_float16_int8",
             "VK_EXT_shader_subgroup_ballot",
             "VK_EXT_subgroup_size_control",
-            "VK_NV_geometry_shader_passthrough"
+            "VK_NV_geometry_shader_passthrough",
+            "VK_KHR_portability_subset", // By spec, we should enable this if present.
         };
 
         public static string[] RequiredExtensions { get; } = new string[]
@@ -98,7 +103,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 ApplicationVersion = 1,
                 PEngineName = (byte*)appName,
                 EngineVersion = 1,
-                ApiVersion = Vk.Version12.Value
+                ApiVersion = MaximumVulkanVersion
             };
 
             IntPtr* ppEnabledExtensions = stackalloc IntPtr[enabledExtensions.Length];
@@ -162,7 +167,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             if (messageSeverity.HasFlag(DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.ErrorBitExt))
             {
                 Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, msg);
-                //throw new Exception(msg);
             }
             else if (messageSeverity.HasFlag(DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.WarningBitExt))
             {
@@ -224,7 +228,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 ApplicationVersion = 1,
                 PEngineName = (byte*)appName,
                 EngineVersion = 1,
-                ApiVersion = Vk.Version12.Value
+                ApiVersion = MaximumVulkanVersion
             };
 
             var instanceCreateInfo = new InstanceCreateInfo
@@ -239,6 +243,27 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             api.CreateInstance(in instanceCreateInfo, null, out var instance).ThrowOnError();
 
+            // We ensure that vkEnumerateInstanceVersion is present (added in 1.1).
+            // If the instance doesn't support it, no device is going to be 1.1 compatible.
+            if (api.GetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkEnumerateInstanceVersion") == IntPtr.Zero)
+            {
+                api.DestroyInstance(instance, null);
+
+                return Array.Empty<DeviceInfo>();
+            }
+
+            // We currently assume that the instance is compatible with Vulkan 1.2
+            // TODO: Remove this once we relax our initialization codepaths.
+            uint instanceApiVerison = 0;
+            api.EnumerateInstanceVersion(ref instanceApiVerison).ThrowOnError();
+
+            if (instanceApiVerison < MinimalInstanceVulkanVersion)
+            {
+                api.DestroyInstance(instance, null);
+
+                return Array.Empty<DeviceInfo>();
+            }
+
             Marshal.FreeHGlobal(appName);
 
             uint physicalDeviceCount;
@@ -259,6 +284,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 var physicalDevice = physicalDevices[i];
                 api.GetPhysicalDeviceProperties(physicalDevice, out var properties);
 
+                if (properties.ApiVersion < MinimalVulkanVersion)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
                 devices[i] = new DeviceInfo(
                     StringFromIdPair(properties.VendorID, properties.DeviceID),
                     VendorUtils.GetNameFromId(properties.VendorID),
@@ -379,14 +409,34 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 SType = StructureType.PhysicalDeviceFeatures2
             };
 
-            PhysicalDeviceCustomBorderColorFeaturesEXT featuresCustomBorderColorSupported = new PhysicalDeviceCustomBorderColorFeaturesEXT()
+            PhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features supportedFeaturesVk11 = new PhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features()
             {
-                SType = StructureType.PhysicalDeviceCustomBorderColorFeaturesExt
+                SType = StructureType.PhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features,
+                PNext = features2.PNext
+            };
+
+            features2.PNext = &supportedFeaturesVk11;
+
+            PhysicalDeviceCustomBorderColorFeaturesEXT supportedFeaturesCustomBorderColor = new PhysicalDeviceCustomBorderColorFeaturesEXT()
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.PhysicalDeviceCustomBorderColorFeaturesExt,
+                PNext = features2.PNext
             };
 
             if (supportedExtensions.Contains("VK_EXT_custom_border_color"))
             {
-                features2.PNext = &featuresCustomBorderColorSupported;
+                features2.PNext = &supportedFeaturesCustomBorderColor;
+            }
+
+            PhysicalDeviceTransformFeedbackFeaturesEXT supportedFeaturesTransformFeedback = new PhysicalDeviceTransformFeedbackFeaturesEXT()
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.PhysicalDeviceTransformFeedbackFeaturesExt,
+                PNext = features2.PNext
+            };
+
+            if (supportedExtensions.Contains(ExtTransformFeedback.ExtensionName))
+            {
+                features2.PNext = &supportedFeaturesTransformFeedback;
             }
 
             PhysicalDeviceRobustness2FeaturesEXT supportedFeaturesRobustness2 = new PhysicalDeviceRobustness2FeaturesEXT()
@@ -408,42 +458,49 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             var features = new PhysicalDeviceFeatures()
             {
                 DepthBiasClamp = true,
-                DepthClamp = true,
-                DualSrcBlend = true,
+                DepthClamp = supportedFeatures.DepthClamp,
+                DualSrcBlend = supportedFeatures.DualSrcBlend,
                 FragmentStoresAndAtomics = true,
                 GeometryShader = supportedFeatures.GeometryShader,
                 ImageCubeArray = true,
                 IndependentBlend = true,
                 LogicOp = supportedFeatures.LogicOp,
-                MultiViewport = true,
                 OcclusionQueryPrecise = supportedFeatures.OcclusionQueryPrecise,
+                MultiViewport = supportedFeatures.MultiViewport,
                 PipelineStatisticsQuery = supportedFeatures.PipelineStatisticsQuery,
                 SamplerAnisotropy = true,
                 ShaderClipDistance = true,
                 ShaderFloat64 = supportedFeatures.ShaderFloat64,
-                ShaderImageGatherExtended = true,
+                ShaderImageGatherExtended = supportedFeatures.ShaderImageGatherExtended,
                 ShaderStorageImageMultisample = supportedFeatures.ShaderStorageImageMultisample,
                 // ShaderStorageImageReadWithoutFormat = true,
                 // ShaderStorageImageWriteWithoutFormat = true,
-                TessellationShader = true,
+                TessellationShader = supportedFeatures.TessellationShader,
                 VertexPipelineStoresAndAtomics = true,
                 RobustBufferAccess = useRobustBufferAccess
             };
 
             void* pExtendedFeatures = null;
 
-            var featuresTransformFeedback = new PhysicalDeviceTransformFeedbackFeaturesEXT()
-            {
-                SType = StructureType.PhysicalDeviceTransformFeedbackFeaturesExt,
-                PNext = pExtendedFeatures,
-                TransformFeedback = true
-            };
+            PhysicalDeviceTransformFeedbackFeaturesEXT featuresTransformFeedback;
 
-            pExtendedFeatures = &featuresTransformFeedback;
+            if (supportedExtensions.Contains(ExtTransformFeedback.ExtensionName))
+            {
+                featuresTransformFeedback = new PhysicalDeviceTransformFeedbackFeaturesEXT()
+                {
+                    SType = StructureType.PhysicalDeviceTransformFeedbackFeaturesExt,
+                    PNext = pExtendedFeatures,
+                    TransformFeedback = supportedFeaturesTransformFeedback.TransformFeedback
+                };
+
+                pExtendedFeatures = &featuresTransformFeedback;
+            }
+
+            PhysicalDeviceRobustness2FeaturesEXT featuresRobustness2;
 
             if (supportedExtensions.Contains("VK_EXT_robustness2"))
             {
-                var featuresRobustness2 = new PhysicalDeviceRobustness2FeaturesEXT()
+                featuresRobustness2 = new PhysicalDeviceRobustness2FeaturesEXT()
                 {
                     SType = StructureType.PhysicalDeviceRobustness2FeaturesExt,
                     PNext = pExtendedFeatures,
@@ -466,7 +523,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             {
                 SType = StructureType.PhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features,
                 PNext = pExtendedFeatures,
-                ShaderDrawParameters = true
+                ShaderDrawParameters = supportedFeaturesVk11.ShaderDrawParameters
             };
 
             pExtendedFeatures = &featuresVk11;
@@ -527,8 +584,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             PhysicalDeviceCustomBorderColorFeaturesEXT featuresCustomBorderColor;
 
             if (supportedExtensions.Contains("VK_EXT_custom_border_color") &&
-                featuresCustomBorderColorSupported.CustomBorderColors &&
-                featuresCustomBorderColorSupported.CustomBorderColorWithoutFormat)
+                supportedFeaturesCustomBorderColor.CustomBorderColors &&
+                supportedFeaturesCustomBorderColor.CustomBorderColorWithoutFormat)
             {
                 featuresCustomBorderColor = new PhysicalDeviceCustomBorderColorFeaturesEXT()
                 {

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/VulkanRenderer.cs

@@ -234,10 +234,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             Api.GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2(_physicalDevice, &features2);
 
             var portabilityFlags = PortabilitySubsetFlags.None;
+            uint vertexBufferAlignment = 1;
 
             if (usePortability)
             {
-                portabilityFlags |= propertiesPortabilitySubset.MinVertexInputBindingStrideAlignment > 1 ? PortabilitySubsetFlags.VertexBufferAlignment4B : 0;
+                vertexBufferAlignment = propertiesPortabilitySubset.MinVertexInputBindingStrideAlignment;
+
                 portabilityFlags |= featuresPortabilitySubset.TriangleFans ? 0 : PortabilitySubsetFlags.NoTriangleFans;
                 portabilityFlags |= featuresPortabilitySubset.PointPolygons ? 0 : PortabilitySubsetFlags.NoPointMode;
                 portabilityFlags |= featuresPortabilitySubset.ImageView2DOn3DImage ? 0 : PortabilitySubsetFlags.No3DImageView;
@@ -263,6 +265,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 supportedExtensions.Contains("VK_NV_geometry_shader_passthrough"),
                 supportedExtensions.Contains("VK_EXT_subgroup_size_control"),
                 featuresShaderInt8.ShaderInt8,
+                supportedExtensions.Contains("VK_EXT_shader_stencil_export"),
                 supportedExtensions.Contains(ExtConditionalRendering.ExtensionName),
                 supportedExtensions.Contains(ExtExtendedDynamicState.ExtensionName),
                 features2.Features.MultiViewport,
@@ -271,14 +274,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 supportsTransformFeedback,
                 propertiesTransformFeedback.TransformFeedbackQueries,
                 features2.Features.OcclusionQueryPrecise,
+                supportedFeatures.PipelineStatisticsQuery,
                 supportedFeatures.GeometryShader,
                 propertiesSubgroupSizeControl.MinSubgroupSize,
                 propertiesSubgroupSizeControl.MaxSubgroupSize,
                 propertiesSubgroupSizeControl.RequiredSubgroupSizeStages,
                 supportedSampleCounts,
-                portabilityFlags);
+                portabilityFlags,
+                vertexBufferAlignment);
 
-            MemoryAllocator = new MemoryAllocator(Api, _device, properties.Limits.MaxMemoryAllocationCount);
+            MemoryAllocator = new MemoryAllocator(Api, _physicalDevice, _device, properties.Limits.MaxMemoryAllocationCount);
 
             CommandBufferPool = VulkanInitialization.CreateCommandBufferPool(Api, _device, Queue, QueueLock, queueFamilyIndex);
 
@@ -288,7 +293,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             BackgroundResources = new BackgroundResources(this, _device);
 
-            BufferManager = new BufferManager(this, _physicalDevice, _device);
+            BufferManager = new BufferManager(this, _device);
 
             _syncManager = new SyncManager(this, _device);
             _pipeline = new PipelineFull(this, _device);
@@ -386,7 +391,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
         internal TextureStorage CreateTextureStorage(TextureCreateInfo info, float scale)
         {
-            return new TextureStorage(this, _physicalDevice, _device, info, scale);
+            return new TextureStorage(this, _device, info, scale);
         }
 
         public void DeleteBuffer(BufferHandle buffer)
@@ -589,9 +594,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             Vendor = VendorUtils.FromId(properties.VendorID);
 
-            IsAmdWindows = Vendor == Vendor.Amd && RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows);
-            IsIntelWindows = Vendor == Vendor.Intel && RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows);
-            IsTBDR = IsMoltenVk || Vendor == Vendor.Qualcomm || Vendor == Vendor.ARM || Vendor == Vendor.ImgTec;
+            IsAmdWindows = Vendor == Vendor.Amd && OperatingSystem.IsWindows();
+            IsIntelWindows = Vendor == Vendor.Intel && OperatingSystem.IsWindows();
+            IsTBDR = IsMoltenVk ||
+                Vendor == Vendor.Qualcomm ||
+                Vendor == Vendor.ARM ||
+                Vendor == Vendor.Broadcom ||
+                Vendor == Vendor.ImgTec;
 
             GpuVendor = vendorName;
             GpuRenderer = Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi((IntPtr)properties.DeviceName);
@@ -630,11 +639,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             PrintGpuInformation();
         }
 
-        public bool NeedsVertexBufferAlignment(int attrScalarAlignment, out int alignment)
+        internal bool NeedsVertexBufferAlignment(int attrScalarAlignment, out int alignment)
         {
-            if (Capabilities.PortabilitySubset.HasFlag(PortabilitySubsetFlags.VertexBufferAlignment4B))
+            if (Capabilities.VertexBufferAlignment > 1)
             {
-                alignment = 4;
+                alignment = (int)Capabilities.VertexBufferAlignment;
 
                 return true;
             }
@@ -679,6 +688,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             _counters.Update();
         }
 
+        public void ResetCounterPool()
+        {
+            _counters.ResetCounterPool();
+        }
+
+        public void ResetFutureCounters(CommandBuffer cmd, int count)
+        {
+            _counters?.ResetFutureCounters(cmd, count);
+        }
+
         public void BackgroundContextAction(Action action, bool alwaysBackground = false)
         {
             action();

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/Window.cs

@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 ImageSharingMode = SharingMode.Exclusive,
                 ImageArrayLayers = 1,
                 PreTransform = capabilities.CurrentTransform,
-                CompositeAlpha = CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR.OpaqueBitKhr,
+                CompositeAlpha = ChooseCompositeAlpha(capabilities.SupportedCompositeAlpha),
                 PresentMode = ChooseSwapPresentMode(presentModes, _vsyncEnabled),
                 Clipped = true
             };
@@ -188,6 +188,22 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             return availableFormats[0];
         }
 
+        private static CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR ChooseCompositeAlpha(CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR supportedFlags)
+        {
+            if (supportedFlags.HasFlag(CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR.OpaqueBitKhr))
+            {
+                return CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR.OpaqueBitKhr;
+            }
+            else if (supportedFlags.HasFlag(CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR.PreMultipliedBitKhr))
+            {
+                return CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR.PreMultipliedBitKhr;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR.InheritBitKhr;
+            }
+        }
+
         private static PresentModeKHR ChooseSwapPresentMode(PresentModeKHR[] availablePresentModes, bool vsyncEnabled)
         {
             if (!vsyncEnabled && availablePresentModes.Contains(PresentModeKHR.ImmediateKhr))
@@ -198,10 +214,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             {
                 return PresentModeKHR.MailboxKhr;
             }
-            else if (availablePresentModes.Contains(PresentModeKHR.FifoKhr))
-            {
-               return PresentModeKHR.FifoKhr;
-            }
             else
             {
                 return PresentModeKHR.FifoKhr;
@@ -225,6 +237,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
         public unsafe override void Present(ITexture texture, ImageCrop crop, Action swapBuffersCallback)
         {
+            _gd.PipelineInternal.AutoFlush.Present();
+
             uint nextImage = 0;
 
             while (true)
@@ -321,14 +335,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             int dstY0 = crop.FlipY ? dstPaddingY : _height - dstPaddingY;
             int dstY1 = crop.FlipY ? _height - dstPaddingY : dstPaddingY;
 
-            _gd.HelperShader.Blit(
+            _gd.HelperShader.BlitColor(
                 _gd,
                 cbs,
                 view,
                 _swapchainImageViews[nextImage],
                 _width,
                 _height,
+                1,
                 _format,
+                false,
                 new Extents2D(srcX0, srcY0, srcX1, srcY1),
                 new Extents2D(dstX0, dstY1, dstX1, dstY0),
                 true,

Ryujinx.HLE/FileSystem/ContentManager.cs

@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem
                     continue;
                 }
 
-                string ncaId = BitConverter.ToString(cnmt.ContentEntries[0].NcaId).Replace("-", "").ToLower();
+                string ncaId = Convert.ToHexString(cnmt.ContentEntries[0].NcaId).ToLower();
 
                 AddAocItem(cnmt.TitleId, containerPath, $"{ncaId}.nca", true);
             }

Ryujinx.HLE/HLEConfiguration.cs

@@ -148,6 +148,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE
         /// </summary>
         public float AudioVolume { get; set; }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Use Hypervisor over JIT if available.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal readonly bool UseHypervisor;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// An action called when HLE force a refresh of output after docked mode changed.
         /// </summary>
@@ -175,7 +180,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE
                                 MemoryManagerMode      memoryManagerMode,
                                 bool                   ignoreMissingServices,
                                 AspectRatio            aspectRatio,
-                                float                  audioVolume)
+                                float                  audioVolume,
+                                bool                   useHypervisor)
         {
             VirtualFileSystem      = virtualFileSystem;
             LibHacHorizonManager   = libHacHorizonManager;
@@ -200,6 +206,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE
             IgnoreMissingServices  = ignoreMissingServices;
             AspectRatio            = aspectRatio;
             AudioVolume            = audioVolume;
+            UseHypervisor          = useHypervisor;
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/ArmProcessContextFactory.cs

@@ -1,17 +1,19 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration;
 using Ryujinx.Cpu;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu.AppleHv;
 using Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Process;
 using Ryujinx.Memory;
 using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
 {
     class ArmProcessContextFactory : IProcessContextFactory
     {
-        private readonly ICpuEngine _cpuEngine;
+        private readonly ITickSource _tickSource;
         private readonly GpuContext _gpu;
         private readonly string _titleIdText;
         private readonly string _displayVersion;
@@ -22,7 +24,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
         public IDiskCacheLoadState DiskCacheLoadState { get; private set; }
 
         public ArmProcessContextFactory(
-            ICpuEngine cpuEngine,
+            ITickSource tickSource,
             GpuContext gpu,
             string titleIdText,
             string displayVersion,
@@ -30,7 +32,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
             ulong codeAddress,
             ulong codeSize)
         {
-            _cpuEngine = cpuEngine;
+            _tickSource = tickSource;
             _gpu = gpu;
             _titleIdText = titleIdText;
             _displayVersion = displayVersion;
@@ -41,31 +43,42 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
 
         public IProcessContext Create(KernelContext context, ulong pid, ulong addressSpaceSize, InvalidAccessHandler invalidAccessHandler, bool for64Bit)
         {
-            MemoryManagerMode mode = context.Device.Configuration.MemoryManagerMode;
-
-            if (!MemoryBlock.SupportsFlags(MemoryAllocationFlags.ViewCompatible))
-            {
-                mode = MemoryManagerMode.SoftwarePageTable;
-            }
-
             IArmProcessContext processContext;
 
-            switch (mode)
+            if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() && RuntimeInformation.ProcessArchitecture == Architecture.Arm64 && for64Bit && context.Device.Configuration.UseHypervisor)
             {
-                case MemoryManagerMode.SoftwarePageTable:
-                    var memoryManager = new MemoryManager(context.Memory, addressSpaceSize, invalidAccessHandler);
-                    processContext = new ArmProcessContext<MemoryManager>(pid, _cpuEngine, _gpu, memoryManager, for64Bit);
-                    break;
+                var cpuEngine = new HvEngine(_tickSource);
+                var memoryManager = new HvMemoryManager(context.Memory, addressSpaceSize, invalidAccessHandler);
+                processContext = new ArmProcessContext<HvMemoryManager>(pid, cpuEngine, _gpu, memoryManager, for64Bit);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                MemoryManagerMode mode = context.Device.Configuration.MemoryManagerMode;
 
-                case MemoryManagerMode.HostMapped:
-                case MemoryManagerMode.HostMappedUnsafe:
-                    bool unsafeMode = mode == MemoryManagerMode.HostMappedUnsafe;
-                    var memoryManagerHostMapped = new MemoryManagerHostMapped(context.Memory, addressSpaceSize, unsafeMode, invalidAccessHandler);
-                    processContext = new ArmProcessContext<MemoryManagerHostMapped>(pid, _cpuEngine, _gpu, memoryManagerHostMapped, for64Bit);
-                    break;
+                if (!MemoryBlock.SupportsFlags(MemoryAllocationFlags.ViewCompatible))
+                {
+                    mode = MemoryManagerMode.SoftwarePageTable;
+                }
 
-                default:
-                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
+                var cpuEngine = new JitEngine(_tickSource);
+
+                switch (mode)
+                {
+                    case MemoryManagerMode.SoftwarePageTable:
+                        var memoryManager = new MemoryManager(context.Memory, addressSpaceSize, invalidAccessHandler);
+                        processContext = new ArmProcessContext<MemoryManager>(pid, cpuEngine, _gpu, memoryManager, for64Bit);
+                        break;
+
+                    case MemoryManagerMode.HostMapped:
+                    case MemoryManagerMode.HostMappedUnsafe:
+                        bool unsafeMode = mode == MemoryManagerMode.HostMappedUnsafe;
+                        var memoryManagerHostMapped = new MemoryManagerHostMapped(context.Memory, addressSpaceSize, unsafeMode, invalidAccessHandler);
+                        processContext = new ArmProcessContext<MemoryManagerHostMapped>(pid, cpuEngine, _gpu, memoryManagerHostMapped, for64Bit);
+                        break;
+
+                    default:
+                        throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
+                }
             }
 
             DiskCacheLoadState = processContext.Initialize(_titleIdText, _displayVersion, _diskCacheEnabled, _codeAddress, _codeSize);

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Horizon.cs

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Device;
 using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
 using Ryujinx.Cpu;
-using Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory;
@@ -61,7 +60,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
         internal Switch Device { get; private set; }
 
         internal ITickSource TickSource { get; }
-        internal ICpuEngine CpuEngine { get; }
 
         internal SurfaceFlinger SurfaceFlinger { get; private set; }
         internal AudioManager AudioManager { get; private set; }
@@ -130,7 +128,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
         public Horizon(Switch device)
         {
             TickSource = new TickSource(KernelConstants.CounterFrequency);
-            CpuEngine = new JitEngine(TickSource);
 
             KernelContext = new KernelContext(
                 TickSource,

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/ModLoader.cs

@@ -696,8 +696,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
 
             var buildIds = programs.Select(p => p switch
             {
-                NsoExecutable nso => BitConverter.ToString(nso.BuildId.ItemsRo.ToArray()).Replace("-", "").TrimEnd('0'),
-                NroExecutable nro => BitConverter.ToString(nro.Header.BuildId).Replace("-", "").TrimEnd('0'),
+                NsoExecutable nso => Convert.ToHexString(nso.BuildId.ItemsRo.ToArray()).TrimEnd('0'),
+                NroExecutable nro => Convert.ToHexString(nro.Header.BuildId).TrimEnd('0'),
                 _ => string.Empty
             }).ToList();
 

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/ProgramLoader.cs

@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
             KProcess process = new KProcess(context);
 
             var processContextFactory = new ArmProcessContextFactory(
-                context.Device.System.CpuEngine,
+                context.Device.System.TickSource,
                 context.Device.Gpu,
                 string.Empty,
                 string.Empty,
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
             }
 
             var processContextFactory = new ArmProcessContextFactory(
-                context.Device.System.CpuEngine,
+                context.Device.System.TickSource,
                 context.Device.Gpu,
                 programInfo.TitleIdText,
                 programInfo.DisplayVersion,

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Account/Acc/AccountService/ManagerServer.cs

@@ -51,11 +51,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Account.Acc.AccountService
 
             var payload = new JwtPayload
             {
-                { "sub", BitConverter.ToString(rawUserId).Replace("-", "").ToLower() },
+                { "sub", Convert.ToHexString(rawUserId).ToLower() },
                 { "aud", "ed9e2f05d286f7b8" },
-                { "di", BitConverter.ToString(deviceId).Replace("-", "").ToLower() },
+                { "di", Convert.ToHexString(deviceId).ToLower() },
                 { "sn", "XAW10000000000" },
-                { "bs:did", BitConverter.ToString(deviceAccountId).Replace("-", "").ToLower() },
+                { "bs:did", Convert.ToHexString(deviceAccountId).ToLower() },
                 { "iss", "https://e0d67c509fb203858ebcb2fe3f88c2aa.baas.nintendo.com" },
                 { "typ", "id_token" },
                 { "iat", DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToUnixTimeSeconds() },

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Account/Acc/IAccountServiceForApplication.cs

@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Account.Acc
 
             return resultCode;
         }
-        
+
         [CommandHipc(110)]
         // StoreSaveDataThumbnail(nn::account::Uid, buffer<bytes, 5>)
         public ResultCode StoreSaveDataThumbnail(ServiceCtx context)
@@ -153,10 +153,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Account.Acc
         }
 
         [CommandHipc(130)] // 5.0.0+
-        // LoadOpenContext(nn::account::Uid)
+        // LoadOpenContext(nn::account::Uid) -> object<nn::account::baas::IManagerForApplication>
         public ResultCode LoadOpenContext(ServiceCtx context)
         {
-            Logger.Stub?.PrintStub(LogClass.ServiceAcc);
+            ResultCode resultCode = _applicationServiceServer.CheckUserId(context, out UserId userId);
+
+            if (resultCode != ResultCode.Success)
+            {
+                return resultCode;
+            }
+
+            MakeObject(context, new IManagerForApplication(userId));
 
             return ResultCode.Success;
         }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Caps/CaptureManager.cs

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Caps
                 };
 
                 // NOTE: The hex hash is a HMAC-SHA256 (first 32 bytes) using a hardcoded secret key over the titleId, we can simulate it by hashing the titleId instead.
-                string hash       = BitConverter.ToString(SHA256.HashData(BitConverter.GetBytes(titleId))).Replace("-", "").Remove(0x20);
+                string hash       = Convert.ToHexString(SHA256.HashData(BitConverter.GetBytes(titleId))).Remove(0x20);
                 string folderPath = Path.Combine(_sdCardPath, "Nintendo", "Album", currentDateTime.Year.ToString("00"), currentDateTime.Month.ToString("00"), currentDateTime.Day.ToString("00"));
                 string filePath   = GenerateFilePath(folderPath, applicationAlbumEntry, currentDateTime, hash);
 

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Hid/HidServer/HidUtils.cs

@@ -38,7 +38,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Hid.HidServer
 
         public static bool IsValidNpadIdType(NpadIdType npadIdType)
         {
-            return npadIdType <= NpadIdType.Player8 || npadIdType == NpadIdType.Handheld || npadIdType == NpadIdType.Unknown;
+            return (npadIdType >= NpadIdType.Player1 && npadIdType <= NpadIdType.Player8) ||
+                npadIdType == NpadIdType.Handheld ||
+                npadIdType == NpadIdType.Unknown;
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Hid/IHidServer.cs

@@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Hid
 
             for (int i = 0; i < supportedPlayerIds.Length; ++i)
             {
-                if (supportedPlayerIds[i] >= 0)
+                if (HidUtils.IsValidNpadIdType(supportedPlayerIds[i]))
                 {
                     context.Device.Hid.Npads.SetSupportedPlayer(HidUtils.GetIndexFromNpadIdType(supportedPlayerIds[i]));
                 }
@@ -1101,7 +1101,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Hid
 
             if (deviceType < NpadStyleIndex.System || deviceType >= NpadStyleIndex.FullKey)
             {
-                if (npadIdType >= (NpadIdType.Player8 + 1) && npadIdType != NpadIdType.Handheld && npadIdType != NpadIdType.Unknown)
+                if (!HidUtils.IsValidNpadIdType(npadIdType))
                 {
                     return ResultCode.InvalidNpadIdType;
                 }