Vulkan: Include DepthMode in ProgramPipelineState (#5185)

* GAL: Dispose Renderer after running deferred actions

Deferred actions from disposing physical memory instances always dispose the resources in their caches. The renderer can't be disposed before these resources get disposed, otherwise the dispose actions will not actually run, and the ThreadedRenderer may get stuck trying to enqueue too many commands when there is nothing consuming them.

This should fix most instances of the emulator freezing on close.

* Wait for main render commands to finish, but keep RenderThread alive til dispose

* Address some feedback.

* No parameterize needed

* Set thread name as part of constructor

* Port to Ava and SDL2

distribution/linux/Ryujinx.sh

@@ -17,4 +17,4 @@ if command -v gamemoderun > /dev/null 2>&1; then
     COMMAND="$COMMAND gamemoderun"
 fi
 
-$COMMAND "$SCRIPT_DIR/$RYUJINX_BIN" "$@"
+$COMMAND "$SCRIPT_DIR/$RYUJINX_BIN" "$@"

src/Ryujinx.Ava/AppHost.cs

@@ -92,6 +92,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
         private bool _isActive;
         private bool _renderingStarted;
 
+        private ManualResetEvent _gpuDoneEvent;
+
         private IRenderer                        _renderer;
         private readonly Thread                  _renderingThread;
         private readonly CancellationTokenSource _gpuCancellationTokenSource;
@@ -183,6 +185,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
             ConfigurationState.Instance.Multiplayer.LanInterfaceId.Event   += UpdateLanInterfaceIdState;
 
             _gpuCancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
+            _gpuDoneEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);
         }
 
         private void TopLevel_PointerEnterOrMoved(object sender, PointerEventArgs e)
@@ -423,10 +426,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
 
             _isActive = false;
 
-            if (_renderingThread.IsAlive)
-            {
-                _renderingThread.Join();
-            }
+            // NOTE: The render loop is allowed to stay alive until the renderer itself is disposed, as it may handle resource dispose.
+            // We only need to wait for all commands submitted during the main gpu loop to be processed.
+            _gpuDoneEvent.WaitOne();
+            _gpuDoneEvent.Dispose();
 
             DisplaySleep.Restore();
 
@@ -917,6 +920,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
                         UpdateStatus();
                     }
                 }
+
+                // Make sure all commands in the run loop are fully executed before leaving the loop.
+                if (Device.Gpu.Renderer is ThreadedRenderer threaded)
+                {
+                    threaded.FlushThreadedCommands();
+                }
+
+                _gpuDoneEvent.Set();
             });
 
             (_rendererHost.EmbeddedWindow as EmbeddedWindowOpenGL)?.MakeCurrent(null);

src/Ryujinx.Ava/Assets/Locales/en_US.json

@@ -74,6 +74,13 @@
   "GameListContextMenuExtractDataLogoToolTip": "Extract the Logo section from Application's current config (including updates)",
   "StatusBarGamesLoaded": "{0}/{1} Games Loaded",
   "StatusBarSystemVersion": "System Version: {0}",
+  "LinuxVmMaxMapCountDialogTitle": "Low limit for memory mappings detected",
+  "LinuxVmMaxMapCountDialogTextPrimary": "Would you like to increase the value of vm.max_map_count to {0}",
+  "LinuxVmMaxMapCountDialogTextSecondary": "Some games might try to create more memory mappings than currently allowed. Ryujinx will crash as soon as this limit gets exceeded.",
+  "LinuxVmMaxMapCountDialogButtonUntilRestart": "Yes, until the next restart",
+  "LinuxVmMaxMapCountDialogButtonPersistent": "Yes, permanently",
+  "LinuxVmMaxMapCountWarningTextPrimary": "Max amount of memory mappings is lower than recommended.",
+  "LinuxVmMaxMapCountWarningTextSecondary": "The current value of vm.max_map_count ({0}) is lower than {1}. Some games might try to create more memory mappings than currently allowed. Ryujinx will crash as soon as this limit gets exceeded.\n\nYou might want to either manually increase the limit or install pkexec, which allows Ryujinx to assist with that.",
   "Settings": "Settings",
   "SettingsTabGeneral": "User Interface",
   "SettingsTabGeneralGeneral": "General",
@@ -282,6 +289,7 @@
   "ControllerSettingsSaveProfileToolTip": "Save Profile",
   "MenuBarFileToolsTakeScreenshot": "Take Screenshot",
   "MenuBarFileToolsHideUi": "Hide UI",
+  "GameListContextMenuRunApplication": "Run Application",
   "GameListContextMenuToggleFavorite": "Toggle Favorite",
   "GameListContextMenuToggleFavoriteToolTip": "Toggle Favorite status of Game",
   "SettingsTabGeneralTheme": "Theme",
@@ -620,7 +628,7 @@
   "Search": "Search",
   "UserProfilesRecoverLostAccounts": "Recover Lost Accounts",
   "Recover": "Recover",
-  "UserProfilesRecoverHeading" : "Saves were found for the following accounts",
+  "UserProfilesRecoverHeading": "Saves were found for the following accounts",
   "UserProfilesRecoverEmptyList": "No profiles to recover",
   "GraphicsAATooltip": "Applies anti-aliasing to the game render",
   "GraphicsAALabel": "Anti-Aliasing:",
@@ -632,8 +640,8 @@
   "SmaaMedium": "SMAA Medium",
   "SmaaHigh": "SMAA High",
   "SmaaUltra": "SMAA Ultra",
-  "UserEditorTitle" : "Edit User",
-  "UserEditorTitleCreate" : "Create User",
+  "UserEditorTitle": "Edit User",
+  "UserEditorTitleCreate": "Create User",
   "SettingsTabNetworkInterface": "Network Interface:",
   "NetworkInterfaceTooltip": "The network interface used for LAN features",
   "NetworkInterfaceDefault": "Default",

src/Ryujinx.Ava/Ryujinx.Ava.csproj

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(RuntimeIdentifier)' != ''">
     <PublishSingleFile>true</PublishSingleFile>
+    <TrimmerSingleWarn>false</TrimmerSingleWarn>
     <PublishTrimmed>true</PublishTrimmed>
     <TrimMode>partial</TrimMode>
   </PropertyGroup>
@@ -147,4 +148,4 @@
   <ItemGroup>
     <AdditionalFiles Include="Assets\Locales\en_US.json" />
   </ItemGroup>
-</Project>
+</Project>

src/Ryujinx.Ava/UI/Controls/ApplicationContextMenu.axaml

@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
     xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
     xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
     xmlns:locale="clr-namespace:Ryujinx.Ava.Common.Locale">
+	<MenuItem
+        Click="RunApplication_Click"
+        Header="{locale:Locale GameListContextMenuRunApplication}" />
     <MenuItem
         Click="ToggleFavorite_Click"
         Header="{locale:Locale GameListContextMenuToggleFavorite}"

src/Ryujinx.Ava/UI/Controls/ApplicationContextMenu.axaml.cs

@@ -323,5 +323,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Controls
                 await ApplicationHelper.ExtractSection(NcaSectionType.Logo, viewModel.SelectedApplication.Path, viewModel.SelectedApplication.TitleName);
             }
         }
+
+        public void RunApplication_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs args)
+        {
+            var viewModel = (sender as MenuItem)?.DataContext as MainWindowViewModel;
+
+            if (viewModel?.SelectedApplication != null)
+            {
+                viewModel.LoadApplication(viewModel.SelectedApplication.Path);
+            }
+        }
     }
 }

src/Ryujinx.Ava/UI/Helpers/ContentDialogHelper.cs

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ using Avalonia.Threading;
 using FluentAvalonia.Core;
 using FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls;
 using Ryujinx.Ava.Common.Locale;
-using Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Controls;
 using Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Windows;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using System;
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Helpers
     {
         private static bool _isChoiceDialogOpen;
 
-        public async static Task<UserResult> ShowContentDialog(
+        private async static Task<UserResult> ShowContentDialog(
              string title,
              object content,
              string primaryButton,
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Helpers
             return result;
         }
 
-        private async static Task<UserResult> ShowTextDialog(
+        public async static Task<UserResult> ShowTextDialog(
             string title,
             string primaryText,
             string secondaryText,
@@ -319,7 +318,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Helpers
 
             Window parent = GetMainWindow();
 
-            if (parent != null && parent.IsActive && parent is MainWindow window && window.ViewModel.IsGameRunning)
+            if (parent is { IsActive: true } and MainWindow window && window.ViewModel.IsGameRunning)
             {
                 contentDialogOverlayWindow = new()
                 {

src/Ryujinx.Ava/UI/Windows/AboutWindow.axaml

@@ -58,11 +58,20 @@
                         JustifyContent="SpaceAround"
                         RowSpacing="2">
                         <TextBlock
+                            HorizontalAlignment="Center"
+                            VerticalAlignment="Center"
                             FontSize="28"
                             FontWeight="Bold"
                             Text="Ryujinx"
-                            TextAlignment="Left" />
-                        <TextBlock Text="(REE-YOU-JINX)" TextAlignment="Left" />
+                            TextAlignment="Center"
+                            Width="100" />
+                        <TextBlock
+                            HorizontalAlignment="Center"
+                            VerticalAlignment="Center"
+                            FontSize="11"
+                            Text="(REE-YOU-JINX)"
+                            TextAlignment="Center"
+                            Width="100" />
                     </flex:FlexPanel>
                 </Grid>
                 <TextBlock

src/Ryujinx.Ava/UI/Windows/MainWindow.axaml.cs

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Ui.Common.Helper;
 using System;
 using System.ComponentModel;
 using System.IO;
+using System.Runtime.Versioning;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using InputManager = Ryujinx.Input.HLE.InputManager;
 
@@ -258,7 +259,64 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Windows
             ApplicationHelper.Initialize(VirtualFileSystem, AccountManager, LibHacHorizonManager.RyujinxClient, this);
         }
 
-        protected void CheckLaunchState()
+        [SupportedOSPlatform("linux")]
+        private static async void ShowVmMaxMapCountWarning()
+        {
+            LocaleManager.Instance.UpdateAndGetDynamicValue(LocaleKeys.LinuxVmMaxMapCountWarningTextSecondary,
+                LinuxHelper.VmMaxMapCount, LinuxHelper.RecommendedVmMaxMapCount);
+
+            await ContentDialogHelper.CreateWarningDialog(
+                LocaleManager.Instance[LocaleKeys.LinuxVmMaxMapCountWarningTextPrimary],
+                LocaleManager.Instance[LocaleKeys.LinuxVmMaxMapCountWarningTextSecondary]
+            );
+        }
+
+        [SupportedOSPlatform("linux")]
+        private static async void ShowVmMaxMapCountDialog()
+        {
+            LocaleManager.Instance.UpdateAndGetDynamicValue(LocaleKeys.LinuxVmMaxMapCountDialogTextPrimary,
+                LinuxHelper.RecommendedVmMaxMapCount);
+
+            UserResult response = await ContentDialogHelper.ShowTextDialog(
+                $"Ryujinx - {LocaleManager.Instance[LocaleKeys.LinuxVmMaxMapCountDialogTitle]}",
+                LocaleManager.Instance[LocaleKeys.LinuxVmMaxMapCountDialogTextPrimary],
+                LocaleManager.Instance[LocaleKeys.LinuxVmMaxMapCountDialogTextSecondary],
+                LocaleManager.Instance[LocaleKeys.LinuxVmMaxMapCountDialogButtonUntilRestart],
+                LocaleManager.Instance[LocaleKeys.LinuxVmMaxMapCountDialogButtonPersistent],
+                LocaleManager.Instance[LocaleKeys.InputDialogNo],
+                (int)Symbol.Help
+            );
+
+            int rc;
+
+            switch (response)
+            {
+                case UserResult.Ok:
+                    rc = LinuxHelper.RunPkExec($"echo {LinuxHelper.RecommendedVmMaxMapCount} > {LinuxHelper.VmMaxMapCountPath}");
+                    if (rc == 0)
+                    {
+                        Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"vm.max_map_count set to {LinuxHelper.VmMaxMapCount} until the next restart.");
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Unable to change vm.max_map_count. Process exited with code: {rc}");
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case UserResult.No:
+                    rc = LinuxHelper.RunPkExec($"echo \"vm.max_map_count = {LinuxHelper.RecommendedVmMaxMapCount}\" > {LinuxHelper.SysCtlConfigPath} && sysctl -p {LinuxHelper.SysCtlConfigPath}");
+                    if (rc == 0)
+                    {
+                        Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"vm.max_map_count set to {LinuxHelper.VmMaxMapCount}. Written to config: {LinuxHelper.SysCtlConfigPath}");
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Unable to write new value for vm.max_map_count to config. Process exited with code: {rc}");
+                    }
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void CheckLaunchState()
         {
             if (ShowKeyErrorOnLoad)
             {
@@ -268,6 +326,20 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Windows
                     UserErrorDialog.ShowUserErrorDialog(UserError.NoKeys, this));
             }
 
+            if (OperatingSystem.IsLinux() && LinuxHelper.VmMaxMapCount < LinuxHelper.RecommendedVmMaxMapCount)
+            {
+                Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"The value of vm.max_map_count is lower than {LinuxHelper.RecommendedVmMaxMapCount}. ({LinuxHelper.VmMaxMapCount})");
+
+                if (LinuxHelper.PkExecPath is not null)
+                {
+                    Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(ShowVmMaxMapCountDialog);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(ShowVmMaxMapCountWarning);
+                }
+            }
+
             if (_deferLoad)
             {
                 _deferLoad = false;

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/IRenderer.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration;
 using System;
+using System.Threading;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 {
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 
         void ResetCounter(CounterType type);
 
-        void RunLoop(Action gpuLoop)
+        void RunLoop(ThreadStart gpuLoop)
         {
             gpuLoop();
         }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/ThreadedRenderer.cs

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading
         private IRenderer _baseRenderer;
         private Thread _gpuThread;
         private Thread _backendThread;
-        private bool _disposed;
         private bool _running;
 
         private AutoResetEvent _frameComplete = new AutoResetEvent(true);
@@ -98,19 +97,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading
             _refQueue = new object[MaxRefsPerCommand * QueueCount];
         }
 
-        public void RunLoop(Action gpuLoop)
+        public void RunLoop(ThreadStart gpuLoop)
         {
             _running = true;
 
             _backendThread = Thread.CurrentThread;
 
-            _gpuThread = new Thread(() => {
-                gpuLoop();
-                _running = false;
-                _galWorkAvailable.Set();
-            });
+            _gpuThread = new Thread(gpuLoop)
+            {
+                Name = "GPU.MainThread"
+            };
 
-            _gpuThread.Name = "GPU.MainThread";
             _gpuThread.Start();
 
             RenderLoop();
@@ -120,7 +117,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading
         {
             // Power through the render queue until the Gpu thread work is done.
 
-            while (_running && !_disposed)
+            while (_running)
             {
                 _galWorkAvailable.Wait();
                 _galWorkAvailable.Reset();
@@ -488,12 +485,23 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading
             return _baseRenderer.PrepareHostMapping(address, size);
         }
 
+        public void FlushThreadedCommands()
+        {
+            SpinWait wait = new();
+
+            while (Volatile.Read(ref _commandCount) > 0)
+            {
+                wait.SpinOnce();
+            }
+        }
+
         public void Dispose()
         {
             // Dispose must happen from the render thread, after all commands have completed.
 
             // Stop the GPU thread.
-            _disposed = true;
+            _running = false;
+            _galWorkAvailable.Set();
 
             if (_gpuThread != null && _gpuThread.IsAlive)
             {

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/ProgramPipelineState.cs

@@ -63,6 +63,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
         public bool PrimitiveRestartEnable;
         public uint PatchControlPoints;
 
+        public DepthMode DepthMode;
+
         public void SetVertexAttribs(ReadOnlySpan<VertexAttribDescriptor> vertexAttribs)
         {
             VertexAttribCount = vertexAttribs.Length;

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/StateUpdater.cs

@@ -771,7 +771,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         /// </summary>
         private void UpdateDepthMode()
         {
-            _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetDepthMode(GetDepthMode());
+            DepthMode mode = GetDepthMode();
+
+            _pipeline.DepthMode = mode;
+
+            _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetDepthMode(mode);
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/GpuContext.cs

@@ -390,7 +390,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu
         /// </summary>
         public void Dispose()
         {
-            Renderer.Dispose();
             GPFifo.Dispose();
             HostInitalized.Dispose();
 
@@ -403,6 +402,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu
             PhysicalMemoryRegistry.Clear();
 
             RunDeferredActions();
+
+            Renderer.Dispose();
         }
     }
 }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/GpuAccessorBase.cs

@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         private readonly ResourceCounts _resourceCounts;
         private readonly int _stageIndex;
 
-        private readonly int[] _constantBufferBindings;
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Creates a new GPU accessor.
         /// </summary>
@@ -28,12 +26,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
             _context = context;
             _resourceCounts = resourceCounts;
             _stageIndex = stageIndex;
-
-            if (context.Capabilities.Api != TargetApi.Vulkan)
-            {
-                _constantBufferBindings = new int[Constants.TotalGpUniformBuffers];
-                _constantBufferBindings.AsSpan().Fill(-1);
-            }
         }
 
         public int QueryBindingConstantBuffer(int index)
@@ -45,15 +37,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
             }
             else
             {
-                int binding = _constantBufferBindings[index];
-
-                if (binding < 0)
-                {
-                    binding = _resourceCounts.UniformBuffersCount++;
-                    _constantBufferBindings[index] = binding;
-                }
-
-                return binding;
+                return _resourceCounts.UniformBuffersCount++;
             }
         }
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/ShaderSpecializationState.cs

@@ -736,6 +736,19 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
             return MatchesTexture(specializationState, descriptor);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Populates pipeline state that doesn't exist in older caches with default values
+        /// based on specialization state.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="pipelineState">Pipeline state to prepare</param>
+        private void PreparePipelineState(ref ProgramPipelineState pipelineState)
+        {
+            if (!_compute)
+            {
+                pipelineState.DepthMode = GraphicsState.DepthMode ? DepthMode.MinusOneToOne : DepthMode.ZeroToOne;
+            }
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Reads shader specialization state that has been serialized.
         /// </summary>
@@ -776,6 +789,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
             {
                 ProgramPipelineState pipelineState = default;
                 dataReader.ReadWithMagicAndSize(ref pipelineState, PgpsMagic);
+
+                specState.PreparePipelineState(ref pipelineState);
                 specState.PipelineState = pipelineState;
             }
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Translation/ResourceManager.cs

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
 
         private readonly HashSet<int> _usedConstantBufferBindings;
 
+        public ShaderProperties Properties => _properties;
+
         public ResourceManager(ShaderStage stage, IGpuAccessor gpuAccessor, ShaderProperties properties)
         {
             _gpuAccessor = gpuAccessor;
@@ -98,19 +100,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
             _properties.AddConstantBuffer(binding, new BufferDefinition(BufferLayout.Std140, 0, binding, name, type));
         }
 
-        public void InheritFrom(ResourceManager other)
-        {
-            for (int i = 0; i < other._cbSlotToBindingMap.Length; i++)
-            {
-                int binding = other._cbSlotToBindingMap[i];
-
-                if (binding >= 0)
-                {
-                    _cbSlotToBindingMap[i] = binding;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
         public static string GetShaderStagePrefix(ShaderStage stage)
         {
             uint index = (uint)stage;

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Translation/ShaderConfig.cs

@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
 
         public TranslationOptions Options { get; }
 
-        public ShaderProperties Properties { get; }
+        public ShaderProperties Properties => ResourceManager.Properties;
 
-        public ResourceManager ResourceManager { get; }
+        public ResourceManager ResourceManager { get; set; }
 
         public bool TransformFeedbackEnabled { get; }
 
@@ -159,8 +159,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
             _sbSlots        = new Dictionary<int, int>();
             _sbSlotsReverse = new Dictionary<int, int>();
 
-            Properties = new ShaderProperties();
-            ResourceManager = new ResourceManager(stage, gpuAccessor, Properties);
+            ResourceManager = new ResourceManager(stage, gpuAccessor, new ShaderProperties());
         }
 
         public ShaderConfig(
@@ -429,8 +428,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
 
         public void InheritFrom(ShaderConfig other)
         {
-            ResourceManager.InheritFrom(other.ResourceManager);
-
             ClipDistancesWritten |= other.ClipDistancesWritten;
             UsedFeatures |= other.UsedFeatures;
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Translation/TranslatorContext.cs

@@ -155,6 +155,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
             {
                 other._config.MergeOutputUserAttributes(_config.UsedOutputAttributes, Enumerable.Empty<int>());
 
+                // We need to share the resource manager since both shaders accesses the same constant buffers.
+                other._config.ResourceManager = _config.ResourceManager;
+
                 FunctionCode[] otherCode = EmitShader(other._program, other._config, initializeOutputs: true, out int aStart);
 
                 code = Combine(otherCode, code, aStart);

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/PipelineBase.cs

@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
         public void Draw(int vertexCount, int instanceCount, int firstVertex, int firstInstance)
         {
-            if (!_program.IsLinked)
+            if (!_program.IsLinked || vertexCount == 0)
             {
                 return;
             }
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
         public void DrawIndexed(int indexCount, int instanceCount, int firstIndex, int firstVertex, int firstInstance)
         {
-            if (!_program.IsLinked)
+            if (!_program.IsLinked || indexCount == 0)
             {
                 return;
             }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/PipelineConverter.cs

@@ -165,6 +165,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             pipeline.DepthTestEnable = state.DepthTest.TestEnable;
             pipeline.DepthWriteEnable = state.DepthTest.WriteEnable;
             pipeline.DepthCompareOp = state.DepthTest.Func.Convert();
+            pipeline.DepthMode = state.DepthMode == DepthMode.MinusOneToOne;
 
             pipeline.FrontFace = state.FrontFace.Convert();
 

src/Ryujinx.Headless.SDL2/Options.cs

@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Headless.SDL2
         public float AudioVolume { get; set; }
 
         [Option("use-hypervisor", Required = false, Default = true, HelpText = "Uses Hypervisor over JIT if available.")]
-        public bool UseHypervisor { get; set; }
+        public bool? UseHypervisor { get; set; }
 
         [Option("lan-interface-id", Required = false, Default = "0", HelpText = "GUID for the network interface used by LAN.")]
         public string MultiplayerLanInterfaceId { get; set; }

src/Ryujinx.Headless.SDL2/Program.cs

@@ -339,6 +339,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Headless.SDL2
 
             GraphicsConfig.EnableShaderCache = true;
 
+            if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+            {
+                if (option.GraphicsBackend == GraphicsBackend.OpenGl)
+                {
+                    option.GraphicsBackend = GraphicsBackend.Vulkan;
+                    Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Application, "OpenGL is not supported on macOS, switching to Vulkan!");
+                }
+            }
+
             IGamepad gamepad;
 
             if (option.ListInputIds)
@@ -550,7 +559,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Headless.SDL2
                                                                   options.IgnoreMissingServices,
                                                                   options.AspectRatio,
                                                                   options.AudioVolume,
-                                                                  options.UseHypervisor,
+                                                                  options.UseHypervisor ?? true,
                                                                   options.MultiplayerLanInterfaceId);
 
             return new Switch(configuration);
@@ -703,4 +712,4 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Headless.SDL2
             return true;
         }
     }
-}
+}

src/Ryujinx.Headless.SDL2/Ryujinx.Headless.SDL2.csproj

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
     <Version>1.0.0-dirty</Version>
     <DefineConstants Condition=" '$(ExtraDefineConstants)' != '' ">$(DefineConstants);$(ExtraDefineConstants)</DefineConstants>
+    <SigningCertificate Condition=" '$(SigningCertificate)' == '' ">-</SigningCertificate>
     <TieredPGO>true</TieredPGO>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
@@ -15,6 +16,10 @@
     <PackageReference Include="Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec.Dependencies" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
+  <Target Name="PostBuild" AfterTargets="PostBuildEvent" Condition="$([MSBuild]::IsOSPlatform('OSX'))">
+    <Exec Command="codesign --entitlements '$(ProjectDir)..\..\distribution\macos\entitlements.xml' -f --deep -s $(SigningCertificate) '$(TargetDir)$(TargetName)'" />
+  </Target>
+
   <ItemGroup>
     <ProjectReference Include="..\Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan\Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.csproj" />
     <ProjectReference Include="..\Ryujinx.Input\Ryujinx.Input.csproj" />
@@ -29,6 +34,7 @@
 
   <ItemGroup>
     <PackageReference Include="CommandLineParser" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.Dependencies.MoltenVK" Condition="'$(RuntimeIdentifier)' != 'linux-x64' AND '$(RuntimeIdentifier)' != 'win10-x64'" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
@@ -63,4 +69,4 @@
     <PublishTrimmed>true</PublishTrimmed>
     <TrimMode>partial</TrimMode>
   </PropertyGroup>
-</Project>
+</Project>

src/Ryujinx.Headless.SDL2/WindowBase.cs

@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Headless.SDL2
         private readonly long _ticksPerFrame;
         private readonly CancellationTokenSource _gpuCancellationTokenSource;
         private readonly ManualResetEvent _exitEvent;
+        private readonly ManualResetEvent _gpuDoneEvent;
 
         private long _ticks;
         private bool _isActive;
@@ -91,6 +92,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Headless.SDL2
             _ticksPerFrame = Stopwatch.Frequency / TargetFps;
             _gpuCancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
             _exitEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);
+            _gpuDoneEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);
             _aspectRatio = aspectRatio;
             _enableMouse = enableMouse;
             HostUiTheme = new HeadlessHostUiTheme();
@@ -275,6 +277,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Headless.SDL2
                         _ticks = Math.Min(_ticks - _ticksPerFrame, _ticksPerFrame);
                     }
                 }
+
+                // Make sure all commands in the run loop are fully executed before leaving the loop.
+                if (Device.Gpu.Renderer is ThreadedRenderer threaded)
+                {
+                    threaded.FlushThreadedCommands();
+                }
+
+                _gpuDoneEvent.Set();
             });
 
             FinalizeWindowRenderer();
@@ -404,7 +414,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Headless.SDL2
 
             MainLoop();
 
-            renderLoopThread.Join();
+            // NOTE: The render loop is allowed to stay alive until the renderer itself is disposed, as it may handle resource dispose.
+            // We only need to wait for all commands submitted during the main gpu loop to be processed.
+            _gpuDoneEvent.WaitOne();
+            _gpuDoneEvent.Dispose();
             nvStutterWorkaround?.Join();
 
             Exit();

src/Ryujinx.Memory/MemoryManagementUnix.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Runtime.Versioning;
 using System.Text;
 
@@ -53,9 +54,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory
 
             IntPtr ptr = mmap(IntPtr.Zero, size, prot, flags, -1, 0);
 
-            if (ptr == new IntPtr(-1L))
+            if (ptr == MAP_FAILED)
             {
-                throw new OutOfMemoryException();
+                throw new SystemException(Marshal.GetLastPInvokeErrorMessage());
             }
 
             if (!_allocations.TryAdd(ptr, size))
@@ -76,17 +77,33 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory
                 prot |= MmapProts.PROT_EXEC;
             }
 
-            return mprotect(address, size, prot) == 0;
+            if (mprotect(address, size, prot) != 0)
+            {
+                throw new SystemException(Marshal.GetLastPInvokeErrorMessage());
+            }
+
+            return true;
         }
 
         public static bool Decommit(IntPtr address, ulong size)
         {
             // Must be writable for madvise to work properly.
-            mprotect(address, size, MmapProts.PROT_READ | MmapProts.PROT_WRITE);
+            if (mprotect(address, size, MmapProts.PROT_READ | MmapProts.PROT_WRITE) != 0)
+            {
+                throw new SystemException(Marshal.GetLastPInvokeErrorMessage());
+            }
 
-            madvise(address, size, MADV_REMOVE);
+            if (madvise(address, size, MADV_REMOVE) != 0)
+            {
+                throw new SystemException(Marshal.GetLastPInvokeErrorMessage());
+            }
 
-            return mprotect(address, size, MmapProts.PROT_NONE) == 0;
+            if (mprotect(address, size, MmapProts.PROT_NONE) != 0)
+            {
+                throw new SystemException(Marshal.GetLastPInvokeErrorMessage());
+            }
+
+            return true;
         }
 
         public static bool Reprotect(IntPtr address, ulong size, MemoryPermission permission)

src/Ryujinx.Memory/MemoryManagementWindows.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared;
 using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Runtime.Versioning;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Memory
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory
 
             if (ptr == IntPtr.Zero)
             {
-                throw new OutOfMemoryException();
+                throw new SystemException(Marshal.GetLastPInvokeErrorMessage());
             }
 
             return ptr;
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory
 
             if (ptr == IntPtr.Zero)
             {
-                throw new OutOfMemoryException();
+                throw new SystemException(Marshal.GetLastPInvokeErrorMessage());
             }
 
             return ptr;

src/Ryujinx.Memory/MemoryManagerUnixHelper.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 using System;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Runtime.Versioning;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Memory
 {
+    [SupportedOSPlatform("linux")]
+    [SupportedOSPlatform("macos")]
     public static partial class MemoryManagerUnixHelper
     {
         [Flags]
@@ -41,6 +44,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory
             O_SYNC = 256,
         }
 
+        public const IntPtr MAP_FAILED = -1;
+
         private const int MAP_ANONYMOUS_LINUX_GENERIC = 0x20;
         private const int MAP_NORESERVE_LINUX_GENERIC = 0x4000;
         private const int MAP_UNLOCKED_LINUX_GENERIC = 0x80000;

src/Ryujinx.Memory/MemoryProtectionException.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Memory
 {
@@ -8,7 +9,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory
         {
         }
 
-        public MemoryProtectionException(MemoryPermission permission) : base($"Failed to set memory protection to \"{permission}\".")
+        public MemoryProtectionException(MemoryPermission permission) : base($"Failed to set memory protection to \"{permission}\": {Marshal.GetLastPInvokeErrorMessage()}")
         {
         }
 

src/Ryujinx.Memory/WindowsShared/WindowsApi.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 using System;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Runtime.Versioning;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
 {
+    [SupportedOSPlatform("windows")]
     static partial class WindowsApi
     {
         public static readonly IntPtr InvalidHandleValue = new IntPtr(-1);

src/Ryujinx.Memory/WindowsShared/WindowsApiException.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 using System;
+using System.Runtime.Versioning;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
 {
+    [SupportedOSPlatform("windows")]
     class WindowsApiException : Exception
     {
         public WindowsApiException()

src/Ryujinx.Ui.Common/Helper/LinuxHelper.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Runtime.Versioning;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ui.Common.Helper
+{
+    [SupportedOSPlatform("linux")]
+    public static class LinuxHelper
+    {
+        // NOTE: This value was determined by manual tests and might need to be increased again.
+        public const int RecommendedVmMaxMapCount = 524288;
+        public const string VmMaxMapCountPath = "/proc/sys/vm/max_map_count";
+        public const string SysCtlConfigPath = "/etc/sysctl.d/99-Ryujinx.conf";
+        public static int VmMaxMapCount => int.Parse(File.ReadAllText(VmMaxMapCountPath));
+        public static string PkExecPath { get; } = GetBinaryPath("pkexec");
+
+        private static string GetBinaryPath(string binary)
+        {
+            string pathVar = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("PATH");
+
+            if (pathVar is null || string.IsNullOrEmpty(binary))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            foreach (var searchPath in pathVar.Split(":", StringSplitOptions.TrimEntries | StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries))
+            {
+                string binaryPath = Path.Combine(searchPath, binary);
+
+                if (File.Exists(binaryPath))
+                {
+                    return binaryPath;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public static int RunPkExec(string command)
+        {
+            if (PkExecPath == null)
+            {
+                return 1;
+            }
+
+            using Process process = new()
+            {
+                StartInfo =
+                {
+                    FileName = PkExecPath,
+                    ArgumentList = { "sh", "-c", command }
+                }
+            };
+
+            process.Start();
+            process.WaitForExit();
+
+            return process.ExitCode;
+        }
+    }
+}

src/Ryujinx/Program.cs

@@ -264,6 +264,71 @@ namespace Ryujinx
             MainWindow mainWindow = new MainWindow();
             mainWindow.Show();
 
+            if (OperatingSystem.IsLinux())
+            {
+                int currentVmMaxMapCount = LinuxHelper.VmMaxMapCount;
+
+                if (LinuxHelper.VmMaxMapCount < LinuxHelper.RecommendedVmMaxMapCount)
+                {
+                    Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"The value of vm.max_map_count is lower than {LinuxHelper.RecommendedVmMaxMapCount}. ({currentVmMaxMapCount})");
+
+                    if (LinuxHelper.PkExecPath is not null)
+                    {
+                        var buttonTexts = new Dictionary<int, string>()
+                        {
+                            { 0, "Yes, until the next restart" },
+                            { 1, "Yes, permanently" },
+                            { 2, "No" }
+                        };
+
+                        ResponseType response = GtkDialog.CreateCustomDialog(
+                            "Ryujinx - Low limit for memory mappings detected",
+                            $"Would you like to increase the value of vm.max_map_count to {LinuxHelper.RecommendedVmMaxMapCount}?",
+                            "Some games might try to create more memory mappings than currently allowed. " +
+                            "Ryujinx will crash as soon as this limit gets exceeded.",
+                            buttonTexts,
+                            MessageType.Question);
+
+                        int rc;
+
+                        switch ((int)response)
+                        {
+                            case 0:
+                                rc = LinuxHelper.RunPkExec($"echo {LinuxHelper.RecommendedVmMaxMapCount} > {LinuxHelper.VmMaxMapCountPath}");
+                                if (rc == 0)
+                                {
+                                    Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"vm.max_map_count set to {LinuxHelper.VmMaxMapCount} until the next restart.");
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Unable to change vm.max_map_count. Process exited with code: {rc}");
+                                }
+                                break;
+                            case 1:
+                                rc = LinuxHelper.RunPkExec($"echo \"vm.max_map_count = {LinuxHelper.RecommendedVmMaxMapCount}\" > {LinuxHelper.SysCtlConfigPath} && sysctl -p {LinuxHelper.SysCtlConfigPath}");
+                                if (rc == 0)
+                                {
+                                    Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"vm.max_map_count set to {LinuxHelper.VmMaxMapCount}. Written to config: {LinuxHelper.SysCtlConfigPath}");
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Unable to write new value for vm.max_map_count to config. Process exited with code: {rc}");
+                                }
+                                break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        GtkDialog.CreateWarningDialog(
+                            "Max amount of memory mappings is lower than recommended.",
+                            $"The current value of vm.max_map_count ({currentVmMaxMapCount}) is lower than {LinuxHelper.RecommendedVmMaxMapCount}." +
+                            "Some games might try to create more memory mappings than currently allowed. " +
+                            "Ryujinx will crash as soon as this limit gets exceeded.\n\n" +
+                            "You might want to either manually increase the limit or install pkexec, which allows Ryujinx to assist with that.");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
             if (CommandLineState.LaunchPathArg != null)
             {
                 mainWindow.RunApplication(CommandLineState.LaunchPathArg, CommandLineState.StartFullscreenArg);

src/Ryujinx/Ryujinx.csproj

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(RuntimeIdentifier)' != ''">
     <PublishSingleFile>true</PublishSingleFile>
+    <TrimmerSingleWarn>false</TrimmerSingleWarn>
     <PublishTrimmed>true</PublishTrimmed>
     <TrimMode>partial</TrimMode>
   </PropertyGroup>
@@ -100,4 +101,4 @@
     <EmbeddedResource Include="Modules\Updater\UpdateDialog.glade" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
-</Project>
+</Project>

src/Ryujinx/Ui/RendererWidgetBase.cs

@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ui
         private KeyboardHotkeyState _prevHotkeyState;
 
         private readonly ManualResetEvent _exitEvent;
+        private readonly ManualResetEvent _gpuDoneEvent;
 
         private readonly CancellationTokenSource _gpuCancellationTokenSource;
 
@@ -110,6 +111,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ui
                           | EventMask.KeyReleaseMask));
 
             _exitEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);
+            _gpuDoneEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);
 
             _gpuCancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
 
@@ -499,6 +501,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ui
                         _ticks = Math.Min(_ticks - _ticksPerFrame, _ticksPerFrame);
                     }
                 }
+
+                // Make sure all commands in the run loop are fully executed before leaving the loop.
+                if (Device.Gpu.Renderer is ThreadedRenderer threaded)
+                {
+                    threaded.FlushThreadedCommands();
+                }
+
+                _gpuDoneEvent.Set();
             });
         }
 
@@ -542,7 +552,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ui
 
             MainLoop();
 
-            renderLoopThread.Join();
+            // NOTE: The render loop is allowed to stay alive until the renderer itself is disposed, as it may handle resource dispose.
+            // We only need to wait for all commands submitted during the main gpu loop to be processed.
+            _gpuDoneEvent.WaitOne();
+            _gpuDoneEvent.Dispose();
             nvStutterWorkaround?.Join();
 
             Exit();