Restrict shader storage buffer search when match fails (#4011)

* Restrict storage buffer search when match fails

* Shader cache version bump

.editorconfig

@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ csharp_style_conditional_delegate_call = true:suggestion
 # Modifier preferences
 csharp_prefer_static_local_function = true:suggestion
 csharp_preferred_modifier_order = public,private,protected,internal,static,extern,new,virtual,abstract,sealed,override,readonly,unsafe,volatile,async:silent
+csharp_style_prefer_readonly_struct = true
 
 # Code-block preferences
 csharp_prefer_braces = true:silent

ARMeilleure/CodeGen/RegisterAllocators/AllocationResult.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace ARMeilleure.CodeGen.RegisterAllocators
 {
-    struct AllocationResult
+    readonly struct AllocationResult
     {
         public int IntUsedRegisters { get; }
         public int VecUsedRegisters { get; }

ARMeilleure/CodeGen/RegisterAllocators/CopyResolver.cs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.CodeGen.RegisterAllocators
     {
         private class ParallelCopy
         {
-            private struct Copy
+            private readonly struct Copy
             {
                 public Register Dest   { get; }
                 public Register Source { get; }

ARMeilleure/CodeGen/RegisterAllocators/HybridAllocator.cs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.CodeGen.RegisterAllocators
 {
     class HybridAllocator : IRegisterAllocator
     {
-        private struct BlockInfo
+        private readonly struct BlockInfo
         {
             public bool HasCall { get; }
 

ARMeilleure/CodeGen/RegisterAllocators/RegisterMasks.cs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ using System;
 
 namespace ARMeilleure.CodeGen.RegisterAllocators
 {
-    struct RegisterMasks
+    readonly struct RegisterMasks
     {
         public int IntAvailableRegisters   { get; }
         public int VecAvailableRegisters   { get; }

ARMeilleure/CodeGen/X86/IntrinsicInfo.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace ARMeilleure.CodeGen.X86
 {
-    struct IntrinsicInfo
+    readonly struct IntrinsicInfo
     {
         public X86Instruction Inst { get; }
         public IntrinsicType  Type { get; }

ARMeilleure/Decoders/InstDescriptor.cs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ using ARMeilleure.Instructions;
 
 namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
 {
-    struct InstDescriptor
+    readonly struct InstDescriptor
     {
         public static InstDescriptor Undefined => new InstDescriptor(InstName.Und, InstEmit.Und);
 

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeTable.cs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
 
         private const int FastLookupSize = 0x1000;
 
-        private struct InstInfo
+        private readonly struct InstInfo
         {
             public int Mask  { get; }
             public int Value { get; }

ARMeilleure/Diagnostics/Symbols.cs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Diagnostics
 {
     static class Symbols
     {
-        private struct RangedSymbol
+        private readonly struct RangedSymbol
         {
             public readonly ulong Start;
             public readonly ulong End;

ARMeilleure/IntermediateRepresentation/PhiOperation.cs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ using static ARMeilleure.IntermediateRepresentation.Operand.Factory;
 
 namespace ARMeilleure.IntermediateRepresentation
 {
-    struct PhiOperation
+    readonly struct PhiOperation
     {
         private readonly Operation _operation;
 

ARMeilleure/IntermediateRepresentation/Register.cs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ using System;
 
 namespace ARMeilleure.IntermediateRepresentation
 {
-    struct Register : IEquatable<Register>
+    readonly struct Register : IEquatable<Register>
     {
         public int Index { get; }
 

ARMeilleure/Translation/Cache/CacheEntry.cs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
 
 namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.Cache
 {
-    struct CacheEntry : IComparable<CacheEntry>
+    readonly struct CacheEntry : IComparable<CacheEntry>
     {
         public int Offset { get; }
         public int Size   { get; }

ARMeilleure/Translation/Cache/CacheMemoryAllocator.cs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.Cache
 {
     class CacheMemoryAllocator
     {
-        private struct MemoryBlock : IComparable<MemoryBlock>
+        private readonly struct MemoryBlock : IComparable<MemoryBlock>
         {
             public int Offset { get; }
             public int Size { get; }

ARMeilleure/Translation/CompilerContext.cs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ using ARMeilleure.IntermediateRepresentation;
 
 namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
 {
-    struct CompilerContext
+    readonly struct CompilerContext
     {
         public ControlFlowGraph Cfg { get; }
 

ARMeilleure/Translation/RegisterUsage.cs

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
         private const int RegsCount = 32;
         private const int RegsMask  = RegsCount - 1;
 
-        private struct RegisterMask : IEquatable<RegisterMask>
+        private readonly struct RegisterMask : IEquatable<RegisterMask>
         {
             public long IntMask => Mask.GetElement(0);
             public long VecMask => Mask.GetElement(1);

ARMeilleure/Translation/Translator.cs

@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
             }
         }
 
-        private struct Range
+        private readonly struct Range
         {
             public ulong Start { get; }
             public ulong End { get; }

README.md

@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@
         <img src="https://github.com/Ryujinx/Ryujinx/actions/workflows/release.yml/badge.svg"
             alt="">
     </a>
+    <a href="https://crwd.in/ryujinx">
+        <img src="https://badges.crowdin.net/ryujinx/localized.svg"
+            alt="">
+    </a>
     <a href="https://discord.com/invite/VkQYXAZ">
         <img src="https://img.shields.io/discord/410208534861447168?color=5865F2&label=Ryujinx&logo=discord&logoColor=white"
             alt="Discord">
@@ -48,6 +52,8 @@ See our [Setup & Configuration Guide](https://github.com/Ryujinx/Ryujinx/wiki/Ry
 For our Local Wireless and LAN builds, see our [Multiplayer: Local Play/Local Wireless Guide
 ](https://github.com/Ryujinx/Ryujinx/wiki/Multiplayer-(LDN-Local-Wireless)-Guide).
 
+Avalonia UI comes with translations for various languages. See [Crowdin](https://crwd.in/ryujinx) for more information.
+
 ## Latest build
 
 These builds are compiled automatically for each commit on the master branch. While we strive to ensure optimal stability and performance prior to pushing an update, our automated builds **may be unstable or completely broken.**

Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SoundIo/Native/libsoundio/SoundIOChannelLayout.cs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace SoundIOSharp
 {
-    public struct SoundIOChannelLayout
+    public readonly struct SoundIOChannelLayout
     {
         public static int BuiltInCount
         {

Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SoundIo/Native/libsoundio/SoundIOSampleRateRange.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace SoundIOSharp
 {
-    public struct SoundIOSampleRateRange
+    public readonly struct SoundIOSampleRateRange
     {
         internal SoundIOSampleRateRange(int min, int max)
         {

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Windows/IconColorPicker.cs

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Windows
 
         private const int CutOffLuminosity = 64;
 
-        private struct PaletteColor
+        private readonly struct PaletteColor
         {
             public int Qck { get; }
             public byte R { get; }

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Windows/MainWindow.axaml.cs

@@ -266,6 +266,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Windows
                     return;
                 }
 
+                CanUpdate = false;
                 ViewModel.LoadHeading = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(titleName) ? string.Format(LocaleManager.Instance["LoadingHeading"], AppHost.Device.Application.TitleName) : titleName;
                 ViewModel.TitleName   = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(titleName) ? AppHost.Device.Application.TitleName : titleName;
 
@@ -371,6 +372,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Windows
                 ViewModel.ShowContent = true;
                 ViewModel.ShowLoadProgress = false;
                 ViewModel.IsLoadingIndeterminate = false;
+                CanUpdate = true;
                 Cursor = Cursor.Default;
 
                 if (MainContent.Content != _mainViewContent)

Ryujinx.Common/Logging/Logger.cs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Logging
 
         public static event EventHandler<LogEventArgs> Updated;
 
-        public struct Log
+        public readonly struct Log
         {
             internal readonly LogLevel Level;
 

Ryujinx.Common/Memory/SpanOrArray.cs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Memory
     /// This is useful to keep the Array representation when possible to avoid copies.
     /// </summary>
     /// <typeparam name="T">Element Type</typeparam>
-    public ref struct SpanOrArray<T> where T : unmanaged
+    public readonly ref struct SpanOrArray<T> where T : unmanaged
     {
         public readonly T[] Array;
         public readonly ReadOnlySpan<T> Span;

Ryujinx.Common/SystemInfo/MacOSSystemInfo.cs

@@ -28,9 +28,39 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.SystemInfo
 
             CpuName = $"{cpuName} ; {LogicalCoreCount} logical";
             RamTotal = totalRAM;
+            RamAvailable = GetVMInfoAvailableMemory();
         }
 
-        [DllImport("libSystem.dylib", CharSet = CharSet.Ansi, SetLastError = true)]
+        static ulong GetVMInfoAvailableMemory()
+        {
+            var port = mach_host_self();
+
+            uint pageSize = 0;
+            var result = host_page_size(port, ref pageSize);
+
+            if (result != 0)
+            {
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Failed to query Available RAM. host_page_size() error = {result}");
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            const int flavor = 4; // HOST_VM_INFO64
+            uint count = (uint)(Marshal.SizeOf<VMStatistics64>() / sizeof(int)); // HOST_VM_INFO64_COUNT
+            VMStatistics64 stats = new();
+            result = host_statistics64(port, flavor, ref stats, ref count);
+
+            if (result != 0)
+            {
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Failed to query Available RAM. host_statistics64() error = {result}");
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            return (ulong)(stats.FreeCount + stats.InactiveCount) * pageSize;
+        }
+
+        private const string SystemLibraryName = "libSystem.dylib";
+
+        [DllImport(SystemLibraryName, CharSet = CharSet.Ansi, SetLastError = true)]
         private static extern int sysctlbyname(string name, IntPtr oldValue, ref ulong oldSize, IntPtr newValue, ulong newValueSize);
 
         private static int sysctlbyname(string name, IntPtr oldValue, ref ulong oldSize)
@@ -85,5 +115,43 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.SystemInfo
 
             return res;
         }
+
+        [DllImport(SystemLibraryName, CharSet = CharSet.Ansi, SetLastError = true)]
+        private static extern uint mach_host_self();
+
+        [DllImport(SystemLibraryName, CharSet = CharSet.Ansi, SetLastError = true)]
+        private static extern int host_page_size(uint host, ref uint out_page_size);
+
+        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 8)]
+        struct VMStatistics64
+        {
+            public uint FreeCount;
+            public uint ActiveCount;
+            public uint InactiveCount;
+            public uint WireCount;
+            public ulong ZeroFillCount;
+            public ulong Reactivations;
+            public ulong Pageins;
+            public ulong Pageouts;
+            public ulong Faults;
+            public ulong CowFaults;
+            public ulong Lookups;
+            public ulong Hits;
+            public ulong Purges;
+            public uint PurgeableCount;
+            public uint SpeculativeCount;
+            public ulong Decompressions;
+            public ulong Compressions;
+            public ulong Swapins;
+            public ulong Swapouts;
+            public uint CompressorPageCount;
+            public uint ThrottledCount;
+            public uint ExternalPageCount;
+            public uint InternalPageCount;
+            public ulong TotalUncompressedPagesInCompressor;
+        }
+
+        [DllImport(SystemLibraryName, CharSet = CharSet.Ansi, SetLastError = true)]
+        private static extern int host_statistics64(uint host_priv, int host_flavor, ref VMStatistics64 host_info64_out, ref uint host_info64_outCnt);
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Cpu/ExceptionCallbacks.cs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
     /// <summary>
     /// Stores handlers for the various CPU exceptions.
     /// </summary>
-    public struct ExceptionCallbacks
+    public readonly struct ExceptionCallbacks
     {
         /// <summary>
         /// Handler for CPU interrupts triggered using <see cref="IExecutionContext.RequestInterrupt"/>.

Ryujinx.Graphics.Device/RwCallback.cs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Device
 {
-    public struct RwCallback
+    public readonly struct RwCallback
     {
         public Action<int> Write { get; }
         public Func<int> Read { get; }

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/BlendDescriptor.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 {
-    public struct BlendDescriptor
+    public readonly struct BlendDescriptor
     {
         public bool Enable { get; }
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/BufferAssignment.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 {
-    public struct BufferAssignment
+    public readonly struct BufferAssignment
     {
         public readonly int Binding;
         public readonly BufferRange Range;

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/BufferHandle.cs

@@ -1,22 +1,14 @@
-using System;
-using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
-using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 {
     [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Size = 8)]
-    public struct BufferHandle : IEquatable<BufferHandle>
+    public readonly record struct BufferHandle
     {
         private readonly ulong _value;
 
         public static BufferHandle Null => new BufferHandle(0);
 
         private BufferHandle(ulong value) => _value = value;
-
-        public override bool Equals(object obj) => obj is BufferHandle handle && Equals(handle);
-        public bool Equals([AllowNull] BufferHandle other) => other._value == _value;
-        public override int GetHashCode() => _value.GetHashCode();
-        public static bool operator ==(BufferHandle left, BufferHandle right) => left.Equals(right);
-        public static bool operator !=(BufferHandle left, BufferHandle right) => !(left == right);
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/BufferRange.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 {
-    public struct BufferRange
+    public readonly struct BufferRange
     {
         private static readonly BufferRange _empty = new BufferRange(BufferHandle.Null, 0, 0);
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Capabilities.cs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 {
-    public struct Capabilities
+    public readonly struct Capabilities
     {
         public readonly TargetApi Api;
         public readonly string VendorName;
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
         public readonly bool Supports3DTextureCompression;
         public readonly bool SupportsBgraFormat;
         public readonly bool SupportsR4G4Format;
+        public readonly bool SupportsSnormBufferTextureFormat;
         public readonly bool SupportsFragmentShaderInterlock;
         public readonly bool SupportsFragmentShaderOrderingIntel;
         public readonly bool SupportsGeometryShaderPassthrough;
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
             bool supports3DTextureCompression,
             bool supportsBgraFormat,
             bool supportsR4G4Format,
+            bool supportsSnormBufferTextureFormat,
             bool supportsFragmentShaderInterlock,
             bool supportsFragmentShaderOrderingIntel,
             bool supportsGeometryShaderPassthrough,
@@ -84,6 +86,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
             Supports3DTextureCompression = supports3DTextureCompression;
             SupportsBgraFormat = supportsBgraFormat;
             SupportsR4G4Format = supportsR4G4Format;
+            SupportsSnormBufferTextureFormat = supportsSnormBufferTextureFormat;
             SupportsFragmentShaderInterlock = supportsFragmentShaderInterlock;
             SupportsFragmentShaderOrderingIntel = supportsFragmentShaderOrderingIntel;
             SupportsGeometryShaderPassthrough = supportsGeometryShaderPassthrough;

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/ColorF.cs

@@ -1,32 +1,4 @@
-using System;
-
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 {
-    public struct ColorF : IEquatable<ColorF>
-    {
-        public float Red   { get; }
-        public float Green { get; }
-        public float Blue  { get; }
-        public float Alpha { get; }
-
-        public ColorF(float red, float green, float blue, float alpha)
-        {
-            Red   = red;
-            Green = green;
-            Blue  = blue;
-            Alpha = alpha;
-        }
-
-        public bool Equals(ColorF color) => Red   == color.Red &&
-                                            Green == color.Green &&
-                                            Blue  == color.Blue &&
-                                            Alpha == color.Alpha;
-
-        public override bool Equals(object obj) => (obj is ColorF color) && Equals(color);
-
-        public override int GetHashCode() => HashCode.Combine(Red, Green, Blue, Alpha);
-
-        public static bool operator ==(ColorF l, ColorF r) => l.Equals(r);
-        public static bool operator !=(ColorF l, ColorF r) => !l.Equals(r);
-    }
+    public readonly record struct ColorF(float Red, float Green, float Blue, float Alpha);
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/DepthTestDescriptor.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 {
-    public struct DepthTestDescriptor
+    public readonly struct DepthTestDescriptor
     {
         public bool TestEnable  { get; }
         public bool WriteEnable { get; }

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/DeviceInfo.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 {
-    public struct DeviceInfo
+    public readonly struct DeviceInfo
     {
         public readonly string Id;
         public readonly string Vendor;

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Extents2D.cs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Common;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 {
-    public struct Extents2D
+    public readonly struct Extents2D
     {
         public int X1 { get; }
         public int Y1 { get; }

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Extents2DF.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 {
-    public struct Extents2DF
+    public readonly struct Extents2DF
     {
         public float X1 { get; }
         public float Y1 { get; }

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/HardwareInfo.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 {
-    public struct HardwareInfo
+    public readonly struct HardwareInfo
     {
         public string GpuVendor { get; }
         public string GpuModel { get; }

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/ImageCrop.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 {
-    public struct ImageCrop
+    public readonly struct ImageCrop
     {
         public int   Left         { get; }
         public int   Right        { get; }

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/MultisampleDescriptor.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 {
-    public struct MultisampleDescriptor
+    public readonly struct MultisampleDescriptor
     {
         public bool AlphaToCoverageEnable { get; }
         public bool AlphaToCoverageDitherEnable { get; }

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/ProgramPipelineState.cs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
     /// <summary>
     /// Descriptor for a pipeline buffer binding.
     /// </summary>
-    public struct BufferPipelineDescriptor
+    public readonly struct BufferPipelineDescriptor
     {
         public bool Enable { get; }
         public int Stride { get; }

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Rectangle.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 {
-    public struct Rectangle<T> where T : unmanaged
+    public readonly struct Rectangle<T> where T : unmanaged
     {
         public T X { get; }
         public T Y { get; }

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/SamplerCreateInfo.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 {
-    public struct SamplerCreateInfo
+    public readonly struct SamplerCreateInfo
     {
         public MinFilter MinFilter { get; }
         public MagFilter MagFilter { get; }

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/ScreenCaptureImageInfo.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 {
-    public struct ScreenCaptureImageInfo
+    public readonly struct ScreenCaptureImageInfo
     {
         public ScreenCaptureImageInfo(int width, int height, bool isBgra, byte[] data, bool flipX, bool flipY)
         {

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/ShaderBindings.cs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 {
-    public struct ShaderBindings
+    public readonly struct ShaderBindings
     {
         public IReadOnlyCollection<int> UniformBufferBindings { get; }
         public IReadOnlyCollection<int> StorageBufferBindings { get; }

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/ShaderSource.cs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 {
-    public struct ShaderSource
+    public readonly struct ShaderSource
     {
         public string Code { get; }
         public byte[] BinaryCode { get; }

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/StencilTestDescriptor.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 {
-    public struct StencilTestDescriptor
+    public readonly struct StencilTestDescriptor
     {
         public bool TestEnable { get; }
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/TextureCreateInfo.cs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ using System.Numerics;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 {
-    public struct TextureCreateInfo : IEquatable<TextureCreateInfo>
+    public readonly struct TextureCreateInfo : IEquatable<TextureCreateInfo>
     {
         public int Width         { get; }
         public int Height        { get; }
@@ -62,42 +62,42 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
             SwizzleA         = swizzleA;
         }
 
-        public readonly int GetMipSize(int level)
+        public int GetMipSize(int level)
         {
             return GetMipStride(level) * GetLevelHeight(level) * GetLevelDepth(level);
         }
 
-        public readonly int GetMipSize2D(int level)
+        public int GetMipSize2D(int level)
         {
             return GetMipStride(level) * GetLevelHeight(level);
         }
 
-        public readonly int GetMipStride(int level)
+        public int GetMipStride(int level)
         {
             return BitUtils.AlignUp(GetLevelWidth(level) * BytesPerPixel, 4);
         }
 
-        private readonly int GetLevelWidth(int level)
+        private int GetLevelWidth(int level)
         {
             return BitUtils.DivRoundUp(GetLevelSize(Width, level), BlockWidth);
         }
 
-        private readonly int GetLevelHeight(int level)
+        private int GetLevelHeight(int level)
         {
             return BitUtils.DivRoundUp(GetLevelSize(Height, level), BlockHeight);
         }
 
-        private readonly int GetLevelDepth(int level)
+        private int GetLevelDepth(int level)
         {
             return Target == Target.Texture3D ? GetLevelSize(Depth, level) : GetLayers();
         }
 
-        public readonly int GetDepthOrLayers()
+        public int GetDepthOrLayers()
         {
             return Target == Target.Texture3D ? Depth : GetLayers();
         }
 
-        public readonly int GetLayers()
+        public int GetLayers()
         {
             if (Target == Target.Texture2DArray ||
                 Target == Target.Texture2DMultisampleArray ||
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
             return 1;
         }
 
-        public readonly int GetLevelsClamped()
+        public int GetLevelsClamped()
         {
             int maxSize = Width;
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/VertexAttribDescriptor.cs

@@ -1,40 +1,4 @@
-using System;
-
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 {
-    public struct VertexAttribDescriptor : IEquatable<VertexAttribDescriptor>
-    {
-        public int BufferIndex { get; }
-        public int Offset      { get; }
-
-        public bool IsZero { get; }
-
-        public Format Format { get; }
-
-        public VertexAttribDescriptor(int bufferIndex, int offset, bool isZero, Format format)
-        {
-            BufferIndex = bufferIndex;
-            Offset      = offset;
-            IsZero      = isZero;
-            Format      = format;
-        }
-
-        public override bool Equals(object obj)
-        {
-            return obj is VertexAttribDescriptor other && Equals(other);
-        }
-
-        public bool Equals(VertexAttribDescriptor other)
-        {
-            return BufferIndex == other.BufferIndex &&
-                   Offset      == other.Offset &&
-                   IsZero      == other.IsZero &&
-                   Format      == other.Format;
-        }
-
-        public override int GetHashCode()
-        {
-            return HashCode.Combine(BufferIndex, Offset, IsZero, Format);
-        }
-    }
+    public readonly record struct VertexAttribDescriptor(int BufferIndex, int Offset, bool IsZero, Format Format);
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/VertexBufferDescriptor.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 {
-    public struct VertexBufferDescriptor
+    public readonly struct VertexBufferDescriptor
     {
         public BufferRange Buffer { get; }
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Viewport.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 {
-    public struct Viewport
+    public readonly struct Viewport
     {
         public Rectangle<float> Region { get; }
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Compute/ComputeClass.cs

@@ -202,57 +202,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Compute
                 _channel.BufferManager.SetComputeUniformBuffer(cb.Slot, cbDescriptor.PackAddress(), (uint)cbDescriptor.Size);
             }
 
-            _channel.BufferManager.SetComputeStorageBufferBindings(info.SBuffers);
-            _channel.BufferManager.SetComputeUniformBufferBindings(info.CBuffers);
+            _channel.BufferManager.SetComputeBufferBindings(cs.Bindings);
 
-            int maxTextureBinding = -1;
-            int maxImageBinding = -1;
-
-            TextureBindingInfo[] textureBindings = _channel.TextureManager.RentComputeTextureBindings(info.Textures.Count);
-
-            for (int index = 0; index < info.Textures.Count; index++)
-            {
-                var descriptor = info.Textures[index];
-
-                Target target = ShaderTexture.GetTarget(descriptor.Type);
-
-                textureBindings[index] = new TextureBindingInfo(
-                    target,
-                    descriptor.Binding,
-                    descriptor.CbufSlot,
-                    descriptor.HandleIndex,
-                    descriptor.Flags);
-
-                if (descriptor.Binding > maxTextureBinding)
-                {
-                    maxTextureBinding = descriptor.Binding;
-                }
-            }
-
-            TextureBindingInfo[] imageBindings = _channel.TextureManager.RentComputeImageBindings(info.Images.Count);
-
-            for (int index = 0; index < info.Images.Count; index++)
-            {
-                var descriptor = info.Images[index];
-
-                Target target = ShaderTexture.GetTarget(descriptor.Type);
-                Format format = ShaderTexture.GetFormat(descriptor.Format);
-
-                imageBindings[index] = new TextureBindingInfo(
-                    target,
-                    format,
-                    descriptor.Binding,
-                    descriptor.CbufSlot,
-                    descriptor.HandleIndex,
-                    descriptor.Flags);
-
-                if (descriptor.Binding > maxImageBinding)
-                {
-                    maxImageBinding = descriptor.Binding;
-                }
-            }
-
-            _channel.TextureManager.SetComputeMaxBindings(maxTextureBinding, maxImageBinding);
+            _channel.TextureManager.SetComputeBindings(cs.Bindings);
 
             // Should never return false for mismatching spec state, since the shader was fetched above.
             _channel.TextureManager.CommitComputeBindings(cs.SpecializationState);

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/MME/IMacroEE.cs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.MME
     /// <summary>
     /// FIFO word.
     /// </summary>
-    struct FifoWord
+    readonly struct FifoWord
     {
         /// <summary>
         /// GPU virtual address where the word is located in memory.

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/MME/MacroHLETable.cs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.MME
         /// <summary>
         /// Macroo High-level implementation table entry.
         /// </summary>
-        struct TableEntry
+        readonly struct TableEntry
         {
             /// <summary>
             /// Name of the Macro function.

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/DrawManager.cs

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         private readonly GpuChannel _channel;
         private readonly DeviceStateWithShadow<ThreedClassState> _state;
         private readonly DrawState _drawState;
+        private readonly SpecializationStateUpdater _currentSpecState;
         private bool _topologySet;
 
         private bool _instancedDrawPending;
@@ -44,12 +45,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         /// <param name="channel">GPU channel</param>
         /// <param name="state">Channel state</param>
         /// <param name="drawState">Draw state</param>
-        public DrawManager(GpuContext context, GpuChannel channel, DeviceStateWithShadow<ThreedClassState> state, DrawState drawState)
+        /// <param name="spec">Specialization state updater</param>
+        public DrawManager(GpuContext context, GpuChannel channel, DeviceStateWithShadow<ThreedClassState> state, DrawState drawState, SpecializationStateUpdater spec)
         {
             _context = context;
             _channel = channel;
             _state = state;
             _drawState = drawState;
+            _currentSpecState = spec;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -132,6 +135,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
 
             _drawState.FirstIndex = firstIndex;
             _drawState.IndexCount = indexCount;
+            _currentSpecState.SetHasConstantBufferDrawParameters(false);
 
             engine.UpdateState();
 
@@ -256,6 +260,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
             if (_drawState.Topology != topology || !_topologySet)
             {
                 _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetPrimitiveTopology(topology);
+                _currentSpecState.SetTopology(topology);
                 _drawState.Topology = topology;
                 _topologySet = true;
             }
@@ -452,7 +457,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
             _state.State.FirstInstance = (uint)firstInstance;
 
             _drawState.DrawIndexed = indexed;
-            _drawState.HasConstantBufferDrawParameters = true;
+            _currentSpecState.SetHasConstantBufferDrawParameters(true);
 
             engine.UpdateState();
 
@@ -469,7 +474,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
             _state.State.FirstInstance = 0;
 
             _drawState.DrawIndexed = false;
-            _drawState.HasConstantBufferDrawParameters = false;
 
             if (renderEnable == ConditionalRenderEnabled.Host)
             {
@@ -527,7 +531,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
 
             _drawState.DrawIndexed = indexed;
             _drawState.DrawIndirect = true;
-            _drawState.HasConstantBufferDrawParameters = true;
+            _currentSpecState.SetHasConstantBufferDrawParameters(true);
 
             engine.UpdateState();
 
@@ -561,7 +565,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
 
             _drawState.DrawIndexed = false;
             _drawState.DrawIndirect = false;
-            _drawState.HasConstantBufferDrawParameters = false;
 
             if (renderEnable == ConditionalRenderEnabled.Host)
             {

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/SpecializationStateUpdater.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Maintains a "current" specialiation state, and provides a flag to check if it has changed meaningfully.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal class SpecializationStateUpdater
+    {
+        private GpuChannelGraphicsState _graphics;
+        private GpuChannelPoolState _pool;
+
+        private bool _usesDrawParameters;
+        private bool _usesTopology;
+
+        private bool _changed;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Signal that the specialization state has changed.
+        /// </summary>
+        private void Signal()
+        {
+            _changed = true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks if the specialization state has changed since the last check.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>True if it has changed, false otherwise</returns>
+        public bool HasChanged()
+        {
+            if (_changed)
+            {
+                _changed = false;
+                return true;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the active shader, clearing the dirty state and recording if certain specializations are noteworthy.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="gs">The active shader</param>
+        public void SetShader(CachedShaderProgram gs)
+        {
+            _usesDrawParameters = gs.Shaders[1]?.Info.UsesDrawParameters ?? false;
+            _usesTopology = gs.SpecializationState.IsPrimitiveTopologyQueried();
+
+            _changed = false;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get the current graphics state.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>GPU graphics state</returns>
+        public ref GpuChannelGraphicsState GetGraphicsState()
+        {
+            return ref _graphics;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get the current pool state.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>GPU pool state</returns>
+        public ref GpuChannelPoolState GetPoolState()
+        {
+            return ref _pool;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Early Z force enable.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The new value</param>
+        public void SetEarlyZForce(bool value)
+        {
+            _graphics.EarlyZForce = value;
+
+            Signal();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Primitive topology of current draw.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The new value</param>
+        public void SetTopology(PrimitiveTopology value)
+        {
+            if (value != _graphics.Topology)
+            {
+                _graphics.Topology = value;
+
+                if (_usesTopology)
+                {
+                    Signal();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Tessellation mode.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The new value</param>
+        public void SetTessellationMode(TessMode value)
+        {
+            if (value.Packed != _graphics.TessellationMode.Packed)
+            {
+                _graphics.TessellationMode = value;
+
+                Signal();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Updates alpha-to-coverage state, and sets it as changed.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="enable">Whether alpha-to-coverage is enabled</param>
+        /// <param name="ditherEnable">Whether alpha-to-coverage dithering is enabled</param>
+        public void SetAlphaToCoverageEnable(bool enable, bool ditherEnable)
+        {
+            _graphics.AlphaToCoverageEnable = enable;
+            _graphics.AlphaToCoverageDitherEnable = ditherEnable;
+
+            Signal();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Indicates whether the viewport transform is disabled.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The new value</param>
+        public void SetViewportTransformDisable(bool value)
+        {
+            if (value != _graphics.ViewportTransformDisable)
+            {
+                _graphics.ViewportTransformDisable = value;
+
+                Signal();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Depth mode zero to one or minus one to one.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The new value</param>
+        public void SetDepthMode(bool value)
+        {
+            if (value != _graphics.DepthMode)
+            {
+                _graphics.DepthMode = value;
+
+                Signal();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Indicates if the point size is set on the shader or is fixed.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The new value</param>
+        public void SetProgramPointSizeEnable(bool value)
+        {
+            if (value != _graphics.ProgramPointSizeEnable)
+            {
+                _graphics.ProgramPointSizeEnable = value;
+
+                Signal();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Point size used if <see cref="SetProgramPointSizeEnable" /> is provided false.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The new value</param>
+        public void SetPointSize(float value)
+        {
+            if (value != _graphics.PointSize)
+            {
+                _graphics.PointSize = value;
+
+                Signal();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Updates alpha test specialization state, and sets it as changed.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="enable">Whether alpha test is enabled</param>
+        /// <param name="reference">The value to compare with the fragment output alpha</param>
+        /// <param name="op">The comparison that decides if the fragment should be discarded</param>
+        public void SetAlphaTest(bool enable, float reference, CompareOp op)
+        {
+            _graphics.AlphaTestEnable = enable;
+            _graphics.AlphaTestReference = reference;
+            _graphics.AlphaTestCompare = op;
+
+            Signal();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Updates the type of the vertex attributes consumed by the shader.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="state">The new state</param>
+        public void SetAttributeTypes(ref Array32<VertexAttribState> state)
+        {
+            bool changed = false;
+            ref Array32<AttributeType> attributeTypes = ref _graphics.AttributeTypes;
+
+            for (int location = 0; location < state.Length; location++)
+            {
+                VertexAttribType type = state[location].UnpackType();
+
+                AttributeType value = type switch
+                {
+                    VertexAttribType.Sint => AttributeType.Sint,
+                    VertexAttribType.Uint => AttributeType.Uint,
+                    _ => AttributeType.Float
+                };
+
+                if (attributeTypes[location] != value)
+                {
+                    attributeTypes[location] = value;
+                    changed = true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (changed)
+            {
+                Signal();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Indicates that the draw is writing the base vertex, base instance and draw index to Constant Buffer 0.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The new value</param>
+        public void SetHasConstantBufferDrawParameters(bool value)
+        {
+            if (value != _graphics.HasConstantBufferDrawParameters)
+            {
+                _graphics.HasConstantBufferDrawParameters = value;
+
+                if (_usesDrawParameters)
+                {
+                    Signal();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Indicates that any storage buffer use is unaligned.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The new value</param>
+        public void SetHasUnalignedStorageBuffer(bool value)
+        {
+            if (value != _graphics.HasUnalignedStorageBuffer)
+            {
+                _graphics.HasUnalignedStorageBuffer = value;
+
+                Signal();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the GPU pool state.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="state">The new state</param>
+        public void SetPoolState(GpuChannelPoolState state)
+        {
+            if (!state.Equals(_pool))
+            {
+                _pool = state;
+
+                Signal();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/StateUpdateTracker.cs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
     /// <summary>
     /// State update callback entry, with the callback function and associated field names.
     /// </summary>
-    struct StateUpdateCallbackEntry
+    readonly struct StateUpdateCallbackEntry
     {
         /// <summary>
         /// Callback function, to be called if the register was written as the state needs to be updated.

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/StateUpdater.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.GPFifo;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Types;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader;
@@ -16,9 +17,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
     /// </summary>
     class StateUpdater
     {
-        public const int ShaderStateIndex = 16;
+        public const int ShaderStateIndex = 26;
         public const int RasterizerStateIndex = 15;
-        public const int ScissorStateIndex = 18;
+        public const int ScissorStateIndex = 16;
         public const int VertexBufferStateIndex = 0;
         public const int PrimitiveRestartStateIndex = 12;
 
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
 
         private readonly ShaderProgramInfo[] _currentProgramInfo;
         private ShaderSpecializationState _shaderSpecState;
+        private SpecializationStateUpdater _currentSpecState;
 
         private ProgramPipelineState _pipeline;
 
@@ -54,15 +56,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         /// <param name="channel">GPU channel</param>
         /// <param name="state">3D engine state</param>
         /// <param name="drawState">Draw state</param>
-        public StateUpdater(GpuContext context, GpuChannel channel, DeviceStateWithShadow<ThreedClassState> state, DrawState drawState)
+        /// <param name="spec">Specialization state updater</param>
+        public StateUpdater(GpuContext context, GpuChannel channel, DeviceStateWithShadow<ThreedClassState> state, DrawState drawState, SpecializationStateUpdater spec)
         {
             _context = context;
             _channel = channel;
             _state = state;
             _drawState = drawState;
             _currentProgramInfo = new ShaderProgramInfo[Constants.ShaderStages];
+            _currentSpecState = spec;
 
-            // ShaderState must be updated after other state updates, as pipeline state is sent to the backend when compiling new shaders.
+            // ShaderState must be updated after other state updates, as specialization/pipeline state is used when fetching shaders.
             // Render target state must appear after shader state as it depends on information from the currently bound shader.
             // Rasterizer and scissor states are checked by render target clear, their indexes
             // must be updated on the constants "RasterizerStateIndex" and "ScissorStateIndex" if modified.
@@ -101,6 +105,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.DepthTestFunc)),
 
                 new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateTessellationState,
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.TessMode),
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.TessOuterLevel),
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.TessInnerLevel),
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.PatchVertices)),
@@ -138,17 +143,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
 
                 new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateRasterizerState, nameof(ThreedClassState.RasterizeEnable)),
 
-                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateShaderState,
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.ShaderBaseAddress),
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.ShaderState)),
-
-                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateRenderTargetState,
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.RtColorState),
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.RtDepthStencilState),
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.RtControl),
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.RtDepthStencilSize),
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.RtDepthStencilEnable)),
-
                 new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateScissorState,
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.ScissorState),
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.ScreenScissorState)),
@@ -179,7 +173,21 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
 
                 new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateMultisampleState,
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.AlphaToCoverageDitherEnable),
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.MultisampleControl))
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.MultisampleControl)),
+
+                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateEarlyZState,
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.EarlyZForce)),
+
+                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateShaderState,
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.ShaderBaseAddress),
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.ShaderState)),
+
+                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateRenderTargetState,
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.RtColorState),
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.RtDepthStencilState),
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.RtControl),
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.RtDepthStencilSize),
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.RtDepthStencilEnable)),
             });
         }
 
@@ -209,17 +217,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
         public void Update()
         {
-            // If any state that the shader depends on changed,
-            // then we may need to compile/bind a different version
-            // of the shader for the new state.
-            if (_shaderSpecState != null)
-            {
-                if (!_shaderSpecState.MatchesGraphics(_channel, GetPoolState(), GetGraphicsState(), _vsUsesDrawParameters, false))
-                {
-                    ForceShaderUpdate();
-                }
-            }
-
             // The vertex buffer size is calculated using a different
             // method when doing indexed draws, so we need to make sure
             // to update the vertex buffers if we are doing a regular
@@ -271,6 +268,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
 
             _updateTracker.Update(ulong.MaxValue);
 
+            // If any state that the shader depends on changed,
+            // then we may need to compile/bind a different version
+            // of the shader for the new state.
+            if (_shaderSpecState != null && _currentSpecState.HasChanged())
+            {
+                if (!_shaderSpecState.MatchesGraphics(_channel, ref _currentSpecState.GetPoolState(), ref _currentSpecState.GetGraphicsState(), _vsUsesDrawParameters, false))
+                {
+                    // Shader must be reloaded. _vtgWritesRtLayer should not change.
+                    UpdateShaderState();
+                }
+            }
+
             CommitBindings();
 
             if (tfEnable && !_prevTfEnable)
@@ -302,7 +311,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
 
             if (!_channel.TextureManager.CommitGraphicsBindings(_shaderSpecState) || (buffers.HasUnalignedStorageBuffers != hasUnaligned))
             {
-                // Shader must be reloaded.
+                _currentSpecState.SetHasUnalignedStorageBuffer(buffers.HasUnalignedStorageBuffers);
+                // Shader must be reloaded. _vtgWritesRtLayer should not change.
                 UpdateShaderState();
             }
 
@@ -351,6 +361,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 _state.State.PatchVertices,
                 _state.State.TessOuterLevel.AsSpan(),
                 _state.State.TessInnerLevel.AsSpan());
+
+            _currentSpecState.SetTessellationMode(_state.State.TessMode);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -611,6 +623,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 _state.State.AlphaTestEnable,
                 _state.State.AlphaTestRef,
                 _state.State.AlphaTestFunc);
+
+            _currentSpecState.SetAlphaTest(
+                _state.State.AlphaTestEnable,
+                _state.State.AlphaTestRef,
+                _state.State.AlphaTestFunc);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -710,6 +727,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
 
             _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetDepthMode(GetDepthMode());
             _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetViewports(viewports, disableTransform);
+
+            _currentSpecState.SetViewportTransformDisable(_state.State.ViewportTransformEnable == 0);
+            _currentSpecState.SetDepthMode(GetDepthMode() == DepthMode.MinusOneToOne);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -847,6 +867,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
 
             _channel.TextureManager.SetGraphicsTexturePool(texturePool.Address.Pack(), texturePool.MaximumId);
             _channel.TextureManager.SetGraphicsTextureBufferIndex((int)_state.State.TextureBufferIndex);
+
+            _currentSpecState.SetPoolState(GetPoolState());
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -887,6 +909,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
 
             _pipeline.SetVertexAttribs(vertexAttribs);
             _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetVertexAttribs(vertexAttribs);
+            _currentSpecState.SetAttributeTypes(ref _state.State.VertexAttribState);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -914,6 +937,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
             Origin origin = (_state.State.PointCoordReplace & 4) == 0 ? Origin.LowerLeft : Origin.UpperLeft;
 
             _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetPointParameters(size, isProgramPointSize, enablePointSprite, origin);
+
+            _currentSpecState.SetProgramPointSizeEnable(isProgramPointSize);
+            _currentSpecState.SetPointSize(size);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -1212,6 +1238,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 alphaToCoverageEnable,
                 _state.State.AlphaToCoverageDitherEnable,
                 alphaToOneEnable));
+
+            _currentSpecState.SetAlphaToCoverageEnable(alphaToCoverageEnable, _state.State.AlphaToCoverageDitherEnable);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Updates the early z flag, based on guest state.
+        /// </summary>
+        private void UpdateEarlyZState()
+        {
+            _currentSpecState.SetEarlyZForce(_state.State.EarlyZForce);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -1239,10 +1275,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 addressesSpan[index] = baseAddress + shader.Offset;
             }
 
-            GpuChannelPoolState poolState = GetPoolState();
-            GpuChannelGraphicsState graphicsState = GetGraphicsState();
+            CachedShaderProgram gs = shaderCache.GetGraphicsShader(ref _state.State, ref _pipeline, _channel, ref _currentSpecState.GetPoolState(), ref _currentSpecState.GetGraphicsState(), addresses);
 
-            CachedShaderProgram gs = shaderCache.GetGraphicsShader(ref _state.State, ref _pipeline, _channel, poolState, graphicsState, addresses);
+            // Consume the modified flag for spec state so that it isn't checked again.
+            _currentSpecState.SetShader(gs);
 
             _shaderSpecState = gs.SpecializationState;
 
@@ -1257,88 +1293,24 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 UpdateUserClipState();
             }
 
+            UpdateShaderBindings(gs.Bindings);
+
             for (int stageIndex = 0; stageIndex < Constants.ShaderStages; stageIndex++)
             {
-                UpdateStageBindings(stageIndex, gs.Shaders[stageIndex + 1]?.Info);
+                _currentProgramInfo[stageIndex] = gs.Shaders[stageIndex + 1]?.Info;
             }
 
             _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetProgram(gs.HostProgram);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Updates bindings consumed by the shader stage on the texture and buffer managers.
+        /// Updates bindings consumed by the shader on the texture and buffer managers.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="stage">Shader stage to have the bindings updated</param>
-        /// <param name="info">Shader stage bindings info</param>
-        private void UpdateStageBindings(int stage, ShaderProgramInfo info)
+        /// <param name="bindings">Bindings for the active shader</param>
+        private void UpdateShaderBindings(CachedShaderBindings bindings)
         {
-            _currentProgramInfo[stage] = info;
-
-            if (info == null)
-            {
-                _channel.TextureManager.RentGraphicsTextureBindings(stage, 0);
-                _channel.TextureManager.RentGraphicsImageBindings(stage, 0);
-                _channel.BufferManager.SetGraphicsStorageBufferBindings(stage, null);
-                _channel.BufferManager.SetGraphicsUniformBufferBindings(stage, null);
-                return;
-            }
-
-            int maxTextureBinding = -1;
-            int maxImageBinding = -1;
-
-            Span<TextureBindingInfo> textureBindings = _channel.TextureManager.RentGraphicsTextureBindings(stage, info.Textures.Count);
-
-            if (info.UsesRtLayer)
-            {
-                _vtgWritesRtLayer = true;
-            }
-
-            for (int index = 0; index < info.Textures.Count; index++)
-            {
-                var descriptor = info.Textures[index];
-
-                Target target = ShaderTexture.GetTarget(descriptor.Type);
-
-                textureBindings[index] = new TextureBindingInfo(
-                    target,
-                    descriptor.Binding,
-                    descriptor.CbufSlot,
-                    descriptor.HandleIndex,
-                    descriptor.Flags);
-
-                if (descriptor.Binding > maxTextureBinding)
-                {
-                    maxTextureBinding = descriptor.Binding;
-                }
-            }
-
-            TextureBindingInfo[] imageBindings = _channel.TextureManager.RentGraphicsImageBindings(stage, info.Images.Count);
-
-            for (int index = 0; index < info.Images.Count; index++)
-            {
-                var descriptor = info.Images[index];
-
-                Target target = ShaderTexture.GetTarget(descriptor.Type);
-                Format format = ShaderTexture.GetFormat(descriptor.Format);
-
-                imageBindings[index] = new TextureBindingInfo(
-                    target,
-                    format,
-                    descriptor.Binding,
-                    descriptor.CbufSlot,
-                    descriptor.HandleIndex,
-                    descriptor.Flags);
-
-                if (descriptor.Binding > maxImageBinding)
-                {
-                    maxImageBinding = descriptor.Binding;
-                }
-            }
-
-            _channel.TextureManager.SetGraphicsMaxBindings(maxTextureBinding, maxImageBinding);
-
-            _channel.BufferManager.SetGraphicsStorageBufferBindings(stage, info.SBuffers);
-            _channel.BufferManager.SetGraphicsUniformBufferBindings(stage, info.CBuffers);
+            _channel.TextureManager.SetGraphicsBindings(bindings);
+            _channel.BufferManager.SetGraphicsBufferBindings(bindings);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -1353,46 +1325,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 (int)_state.State.TextureBufferIndex);
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Gets the current GPU channel state for shader creation or compatibility verification.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>Current GPU channel state</returns>
-        private GpuChannelGraphicsState GetGraphicsState()
-        {
-            ref var vertexAttribState = ref _state.State.VertexAttribState;
-
-            Array32<AttributeType> attributeTypes = new Array32<AttributeType>();
-
-            for (int location = 0; location < attributeTypes.Length; location++)
-            {
-                VertexAttribType type = vertexAttribState[location].UnpackType();
-
-                attributeTypes[location] = type switch
-                {
-                    VertexAttribType.Sint => AttributeType.Sint,
-                    VertexAttribType.Uint => AttributeType.Uint,
-                    _ => AttributeType.Float
-                };
-            }
-
-            return new GpuChannelGraphicsState(
-                _state.State.EarlyZForce,
-                _drawState.Topology,
-                _state.State.TessMode,
-                (_state.State.MultisampleControl & 1) != 0,
-                _state.State.AlphaToCoverageDitherEnable,
-                _state.State.ViewportTransformEnable == 0,
-                GetDepthMode() == DepthMode.MinusOneToOne,
-                _state.State.VertexProgramPointSize,
-                _state.State.PointSize,
-                _state.State.AlphaTestEnable,
-                _state.State.AlphaTestFunc,
-                _state.State.AlphaTestRef,
-                ref attributeTypes,
-                _drawState.HasConstantBufferDrawParameters,
-                _channel.BufferManager.HasUnalignedStorageBuffers);
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets the depth mode that is currently being used (zero to one or minus one to one).
         /// </summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/ThreedClass.cs

@@ -67,12 +67,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
 
             _i2mClass = new InlineToMemoryClass(context, channel, initializeState: false);
 
+            var spec = new SpecializationStateUpdater();
             var drawState = new DrawState();
 
-            _drawManager = new DrawManager(context, channel, _state, drawState);
+            _drawManager = new DrawManager(context, channel, _state, drawState, spec);
             _semaphoreUpdater = new SemaphoreUpdater(context, channel, _state);
             _cbUpdater = new ConstantBufferUpdater(channel, _state);
-            _stateUpdater = new StateUpdater(context, channel, _state, drawState);
+            _stateUpdater = new StateUpdater(context, channel, _state, drawState, spec);
 
             // This defaults to "always", even without any register write.
             // Reads just return 0, regardless of what was set there.

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/FormatInfo.cs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
     /// <summary>
     /// Represents texture format information.
     /// </summary>
-    struct FormatInfo
+    readonly struct FormatInfo
     {
         /// <summary>
         /// A default, generic RGBA8 texture format.

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureBindingInfo.cs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
     /// Texture binding information.
     /// This is used for textures that needs to be accessed from shaders.
     /// </summary>
-    struct TextureBindingInfo
+    readonly struct TextureBindingInfo
     {
         /// <summary>
         /// Shader sampler target type.

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureBindingsManager.cs

@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         private TexturePool _cachedTexturePool;
         private SamplerPool _cachedSamplerPool;
 
-        private readonly TextureBindingInfo[][] _textureBindings;
-        private readonly TextureBindingInfo[][] _imageBindings;
+        private TextureBindingInfo[][] _textureBindings;
+        private TextureBindingInfo[][] _imageBindings;
 
         private struct TextureState
         {
@@ -56,9 +56,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         private TextureState[] _textureState;
         private TextureState[] _imageState;
 
-        private int[] _textureBindingsCount;
-        private int[] _imageBindingsCount;
-
         private int _texturePoolSequence;
         private int _samplerPoolSequence;
 
@@ -101,9 +98,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             _textureState = new TextureState[InitialTextureStateSize];
             _imageState   = new TextureState[InitialImageStateSize];
 
-            _textureBindingsCount = new int[stages];
-            _imageBindingsCount = new int[stages];
-
             for (int stage = 0; stage < stages; stage++)
             {
                 _textureBindings[stage] = new TextureBindingInfo[InitialTextureStateSize];
@@ -112,39 +106,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Rents the texture bindings array for a given stage, so that they can be modified.
+        /// Sets the texture and image bindings.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="stage">Shader stage number, or 0 for compute shaders</param>
-        /// <param name="count">The number of bindings needed</param>
-        /// <returns>The texture bindings array</returns>
-        public TextureBindingInfo[] RentTextureBindings(int stage, int count)
+        /// <param name="bindings">Bindings for the active shader</param>
+        public void SetBindings(CachedShaderBindings bindings)
         {
-            if (count > _textureBindings[stage].Length)
-            {
-                Array.Resize(ref _textureBindings[stage], count);
-            }
+            _textureBindings = bindings.TextureBindings;
+            _imageBindings = bindings.ImageBindings;
 
-            _textureBindingsCount[stage] = count;
-
-            return _textureBindings[stage];
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Rents the image bindings array for a given stage, so that they can be modified.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="stage">Shader stage number, or 0 for compute shaders</param>
-        /// <param name="count">The number of bindings needed</param>
-        /// <returns>The image bindings array</returns>
-        public TextureBindingInfo[] RentImageBindings(int stage, int count)
-        {
-            if (count > _imageBindings[stage].Length)
-            {
-                Array.Resize(ref _imageBindings[stage], count);
-            }
-
-            _imageBindingsCount[stage] = count;
-
-            return _imageBindings[stage];
+            SetMaxBindings(bindings.MaxTextureBinding, bindings.MaxImageBinding);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -257,7 +227,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
                         case ShaderStage.Vertex:
                             int fragmentIndex = (int)ShaderStage.Fragment - 1;
-                            index += _textureBindingsCount[fragmentIndex] + _imageBindingsCount[fragmentIndex];
+                            index += _textureBindings[fragmentIndex].Length + _imageBindings[fragmentIndex].Length;
 
                             result = texture.ScaleFactor;
                             break;
@@ -284,7 +254,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// </summary>
         private bool VertexRequiresScale()
         {
-            for (int i = 0; i < _textureBindingsCount[0]; i++)
+            for (int i = 0; i < _textureBindings[0].Length; i++)
             {
                 if ((_textureBindings[0][i].Flags & TextureUsageFlags.NeedsScaleValue) != 0)
                 {
@@ -292,7 +262,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 }
             }
 
-            for (int i = 0; i < _imageBindingsCount[0]; i++)
+            for (int i = 0; i < _imageBindings[0].Length; i++)
             {
                 if ((_imageBindings[0][i].Flags & TextureUsageFlags.NeedsScaleValue) != 0)
                 {
@@ -309,10 +279,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         private void CommitRenderScale()
         {
             // Stage 0 total: Compute or Vertex.
-            int total = _textureBindingsCount[0] + _imageBindingsCount[0];
+            int total = _textureBindings[0].Length + _imageBindings[0].Length;
 
             int fragmentIndex = (int)ShaderStage.Fragment - 1;
-            int fragmentTotal = _isCompute ? 0 : (_textureBindingsCount[fragmentIndex] + _imageBindingsCount[fragmentIndex]);
+            int fragmentTotal = _isCompute ? 0 : (_textureBindings[fragmentIndex].Length + _imageBindings[fragmentIndex].Length);
 
             if (total != 0 && fragmentTotal != _lastFragmentTotal && VertexRequiresScale())
             {
@@ -481,7 +451,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             bool poolModified,
             ShaderSpecializationState specState)
         {
-            int textureCount = _textureBindingsCount[stageIndex];
+            int textureCount = _textureBindings[stageIndex].Length;
             if (textureCount == 0)
             {
                 return true;
@@ -609,7 +579,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <returns>True if all bound images match the current shader specialiation state, false otherwise</returns>
         private bool CommitImageBindings(TexturePool pool, ShaderStage stage, int stageIndex, bool poolModified, ShaderSpecializationState specState)
         {
-            int imageCount = _imageBindingsCount[stageIndex];
+            int imageCount = _imageBindings[stageIndex].Length;
             if (imageCount == 0)
             {
                 return true;
@@ -622,7 +592,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             }
 
             // Scales for images appear after the texture ones.
-            int baseScaleIndex = _textureBindingsCount[stageIndex];
+            int baseScaleIndex = _textureBindings[stageIndex].Length;
 
             int cachedTextureBufferIndex = -1;
             int cachedSamplerBufferIndex = -1;

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureCache.cs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
     /// </summary>
     class TextureCache : IDisposable
     {
-        private struct OverlapInfo
+        private readonly struct OverlapInfo
         {
             public TextureViewCompatibility Compatibility { get; }
             public int FirstLayer { get; }
@@ -1088,10 +1088,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         {
             FormatInfo formatInfo = TextureCompatibility.ToHostCompatibleFormat(info, caps);
 
-            if (info.Target == Target.TextureBuffer)
+            if (info.Target == Target.TextureBuffer && !caps.SupportsSnormBufferTextureFormat)
             {
-                // We assume that the host does not support signed normalized format
-                // (as is the case with OpenGL), so we just use a unsigned format.
+                // If the host does not support signed normalized formats, we use a signed integer format instead.
                 // The shader will need the appropriate conversion code to compensate.
                 switch (formatInfo.Format)
                 {

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureGroup.cs

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
     /// <summary>
     /// An overlapping texture group with a given view compatibility.
     /// </summary>
-    struct TextureIncompatibleOverlap
+    readonly struct TextureIncompatibleOverlap
     {
         public readonly TextureGroup Group;
         public readonly TextureViewCompatibility Compatibility;

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureInfo.cs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
     /// <summary>
     /// Texture information.
     /// </summary>
-    struct TextureInfo
+    readonly struct TextureInfo
     {
         /// <summary>
         /// Address of the texture in GPU mapped memory.

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureManager.cs

@@ -57,45 +57,21 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Rents the texture bindings array of the compute pipeline.
+        /// Sets the texture and image bindings for the compute pipeline.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="count">The number of bindings needed</param>
-        /// <returns>The texture bindings array</returns>
-        public TextureBindingInfo[] RentComputeTextureBindings(int count)
+        /// <param name="bindings">Bindings for the active shader</param>
+        public void SetComputeBindings(CachedShaderBindings bindings)
         {
-            return _cpBindingsManager.RentTextureBindings(0, count);
+            _cpBindingsManager.SetBindings(bindings);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Rents the texture bindings array for a given stage on the graphics pipeline.
+        /// Sets the texture and image bindings for the graphics pipeline.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="stage">The index of the shader stage to bind the textures</param>
-        /// <param name="count">The number of bindings needed</param>
-        /// <returns>The texture bindings array</returns>
-        public TextureBindingInfo[] RentGraphicsTextureBindings(int stage, int count)
+        /// <param name="bindings">Bindings for the active shader</param>
+        public void SetGraphicsBindings(CachedShaderBindings bindings)
         {
-            return _gpBindingsManager.RentTextureBindings(stage, count);
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Rents the image bindings array of the compute pipeline.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="count">The number of bindings needed</param>
-        /// <returns>The image bindings array</returns>
-        public TextureBindingInfo[] RentComputeImageBindings(int count)
-        {
-            return _cpBindingsManager.RentImageBindings(0, count);
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Rents the image bindings array for a given stage on the graphics pipeline.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="stage">The index of the shader stage to bind the images</param>
-        /// <param name="count">The number of bindings needed</param>
-        /// <returns>The image bindings array</returns>
-        public TextureBindingInfo[] RentGraphicsImageBindings(int stage, int count)
-        {
-            return _gpBindingsManager.RentImageBindings(stage, count);
+            _gpBindingsManager.SetBindings(bindings);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -107,16 +83,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             _cpBindingsManager.SetTextureBufferIndex(index);
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Sets the max binding indexes on the compute pipeline.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="maxTextureBinding">The maximum texture binding</param>
-        /// <param name="maxImageBinding">The maximum image binding</param>
-        public void SetComputeMaxBindings(int maxTextureBinding, int maxImageBinding)
-        {
-            _cpBindingsManager.SetMaxBindings(maxTextureBinding, maxImageBinding);
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Sets the texture constant buffer index on the graphics pipeline.
         /// </summary>
@@ -126,16 +92,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             _gpBindingsManager.SetTextureBufferIndex(index);
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Sets the max binding indexes on the graphics pipeline.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="maxTextureBinding">The maximum texture binding</param>
-        /// <param name="maxImageBinding">The maximum image binding</param>
-        public void SetGraphicsMaxBindings(int maxTextureBinding, int maxImageBinding)
-        {
-            _gpBindingsManager.SetMaxBindings(maxTextureBinding, maxImageBinding);
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Sets the current sampler pool on the compute pipeline.
         /// </summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/BufferBounds.cs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
     /// <summary>
     /// Memory range used for buffers.
     /// </summary>
-    struct BufferBounds
+    readonly struct BufferBounds
     {
         /// <summary>
         /// Region virtual address.

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/BufferManager.cs

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
             /// <summary>
             /// Shader buffer binding information.
             /// </summary>
-            public BufferDescriptor[] Bindings { get; }
+            public BufferDescriptor[] Bindings { get; private set; }
 
             /// <summary>
             /// Buffer regions.
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
             /// Sets shader buffer binding information.
             /// </summary>
             /// <param name="descriptors">Buffer binding information</param>
-            public void SetBindings(ReadOnlyCollection<BufferDescriptor> descriptors)
+            public void SetBindings(BufferDescriptor[] descriptors)
             {
                 if (descriptors == null)
                 {
@@ -86,8 +86,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
                     return;
                 }
 
-                descriptors.CopyTo(Bindings, 0);
-                Count = descriptors.Count;
+                if ((Count = descriptors.Length) != 0)
+                {
+                    Bindings = descriptors;
+                }
             }
         }
 
@@ -320,41 +322,26 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// <summary>
         /// Sets the binding points for the storage buffers bound on the compute pipeline.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="descriptors">Buffer descriptors with the binding point values</param>
-        public void SetComputeStorageBufferBindings(ReadOnlyCollection<BufferDescriptor> descriptors)
+        /// <param name="bindings">Bindings for the active shader</param>
+        public void SetComputeBufferBindings(CachedShaderBindings bindings)
         {
-            _cpStorageBuffers.SetBindings(descriptors);
+            _cpStorageBuffers.SetBindings(bindings.StorageBufferBindings[0]);
+            _cpUniformBuffers.SetBindings(bindings.ConstantBufferBindings[0]);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Sets the binding points for the storage buffers bound on the graphics pipeline.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="stage">Index of the shader stage</param>
-        /// <param name="descriptors">Buffer descriptors with the binding point values</param>
-        public void SetGraphicsStorageBufferBindings(int stage, ReadOnlyCollection<BufferDescriptor> descriptors)
+        /// <param name="bindings">Bindings for the active shader</param>
+        public void SetGraphicsBufferBindings(CachedShaderBindings bindings)
         {
-            _gpStorageBuffers[stage].SetBindings(descriptors);
+            for (int i = 0; i < Constants.ShaderStages; i++)
+            {
+                _gpStorageBuffers[i].SetBindings(bindings.StorageBufferBindings[i]);
+                _gpUniformBuffers[i].SetBindings(bindings.ConstantBufferBindings[i]);
+            }
+
             _gpStorageBuffersDirty = true;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Sets the binding points for the uniform buffers bound on the compute pipeline.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="descriptors">Buffer descriptors with the binding point values</param>
-        public void SetComputeUniformBufferBindings(ReadOnlyCollection<BufferDescriptor> descriptors)
-        {
-            _cpUniformBuffers.SetBindings(descriptors);
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Sets the enabled uniform buffers mask on the graphics pipeline.
-        /// Each bit set on the mask indicates that the respective buffer index is enabled.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="stage">Index of the shader stage</param>
-        /// <param name="descriptors">Buffer descriptors with the binding point values</param>
-        public void SetGraphicsUniformBufferBindings(int stage, ReadOnlyCollection<BufferDescriptor> descriptors)
-        {
-            _gpUniformBuffers[stage].SetBindings(descriptors);
             _gpUniformBuffersDirty = true;
         }
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/BufferTextureBinding.cs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
     /// <summary>
     /// A buffer binding to apply to a buffer texture.
     /// </summary>
-    struct BufferTextureBinding
+    readonly struct BufferTextureBinding
     {
         /// <summary>
         /// Shader stage accessing the texture.

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/CounterCache.cs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
     /// </summary>
     class CounterCache
     {
-        private struct CounterEntry
+        private readonly struct CounterEntry
         {
             public ulong Address { get; }
             public ICounterEvent Event { get; }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/CachedShaderBindings.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
+using System;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A collection of shader bindings ready for insertion into the buffer and texture managers.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal class CachedShaderBindings
+    {
+        public TextureBindingInfo[][] TextureBindings { get; }
+        public TextureBindingInfo[][] ImageBindings { get; }
+        public BufferDescriptor[][] ConstantBufferBindings { get; }
+        public BufferDescriptor[][] StorageBufferBindings { get; }
+
+        public int MaxTextureBinding { get; }
+        public int MaxImageBinding { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create a new cached shader bindings collection.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="isCompute">Whether the shader is for compute</param>
+        /// <param name="stages">The stages used by the shader</param>
+        public CachedShaderBindings(bool isCompute, CachedShaderStage[] stages)
+        {
+            int stageCount = isCompute ? 1 : Constants.ShaderStages;
+
+            TextureBindings = new TextureBindingInfo[stageCount][];
+            ImageBindings = new TextureBindingInfo[stageCount][];
+            ConstantBufferBindings = new BufferDescriptor[stageCount][];
+            StorageBufferBindings = new BufferDescriptor[stageCount][];
+
+            int maxTextureBinding = -1;
+            int maxImageBinding = -1;
+            int offset = isCompute ? 0 : 1;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < stageCount; i++)
+            {
+                CachedShaderStage stage = stages[i + offset];
+
+                if (stage == null)
+                {
+                    TextureBindings[i] = Array.Empty<TextureBindingInfo>();
+                    ImageBindings[i] = Array.Empty<TextureBindingInfo>();
+                    ConstantBufferBindings[i] = Array.Empty<BufferDescriptor>();
+                    StorageBufferBindings[i] = Array.Empty<BufferDescriptor>();
+
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                TextureBindings[i] = stage.Info.Textures.Select(descriptor =>
+                {
+                    Target target = ShaderTexture.GetTarget(descriptor.Type);
+
+                    var result = new TextureBindingInfo(
+                        target,
+                        descriptor.Binding,
+                        descriptor.CbufSlot,
+                        descriptor.HandleIndex,
+                        descriptor.Flags);
+
+                    if (descriptor.Binding > maxTextureBinding)
+                    {
+                        maxTextureBinding = descriptor.Binding;
+                    }
+
+                    return result;
+                }).ToArray();
+
+                ImageBindings[i] = stage.Info.Images.Select(descriptor =>
+                {
+                    Target target = ShaderTexture.GetTarget(descriptor.Type);
+                    Format format = ShaderTexture.GetFormat(descriptor.Format);
+
+                    var result = new TextureBindingInfo(
+                        target,
+                        format,
+                        descriptor.Binding,
+                        descriptor.CbufSlot,
+                        descriptor.HandleIndex,
+                        descriptor.Flags);
+
+                    if (descriptor.Binding > maxImageBinding)
+                    {
+                        maxImageBinding = descriptor.Binding;
+                    }
+
+                    return result;
+                }).ToArray();
+
+                ConstantBufferBindings[i] = stage.Info.CBuffers.ToArray();
+                StorageBufferBindings[i] = stage.Info.SBuffers.ToArray();
+            }
+
+            MaxTextureBinding = maxTextureBinding;
+            MaxImageBinding = maxImageBinding;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/CachedShaderProgram.cs

@@ -24,6 +24,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// </summary>
         public CachedShaderStage[] Shaders { get; }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Cached shader bindings, ready for placing into the bindings manager.
+        /// </summary>
+        public CachedShaderBindings Bindings { get; }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Creates a new instance of the shader bundle.
         /// </summary>
@@ -37,6 +42,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
             Shaders = shaders;
 
             SpecializationState.Prepare(shaders);
+            Bindings = new CachedShaderBindings(shaders.Length == 1, shaders);
         }
 
         /// <summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/DiskCache/BackgroundDiskCacheWriter.cs

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
         /// <summary>
         /// Represents an operation to perform on the <see cref="_fileWriterWorkerQueue"/>.
         /// </summary>
-        private struct CacheFileOperationTask
+        private readonly struct CacheFileOperationTask
         {
             /// <summary>
             /// The type of operation to perform.
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
         /// <summary>
         /// Background shader cache write information.
         /// </summary>
-        private struct AddShaderData
+        private readonly struct AddShaderData
         {
             /// <summary>
             /// Cached shader program.

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/DiskCache/DiskCacheHostStorage.cs

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
         private const ushort FileFormatVersionMajor = 1;
         private const ushort FileFormatVersionMinor = 2;
         private const uint FileFormatVersionPacked = ((uint)FileFormatVersionMajor << 16) | FileFormatVersionMinor;
-        private const uint CodeGenVersion = 3943;
+        private const uint CodeGenVersion = 4011;
 
         private const string SharedTocFileName = "shared.toc";
         private const string SharedDataFileName = "shared.data";

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/DiskCache/GuestCodeAndCbData.cs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
     /// <summary>
     /// Guest shader code and constant buffer data accessed by the shader.
     /// </summary>
-    struct GuestCodeAndCbData
+    readonly struct GuestCodeAndCbData
     {
         /// <summary>
         /// Maxwell binary shader code.

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/DiskCache/ParallelDiskCacheLoader.cs

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
         /// <summary>
         /// Program validation entry.
         /// </summary>
-        private struct ProgramEntry
+        private readonly struct ProgramEntry
         {
             /// <summary>
             /// Cached shader program.
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
         /// <summary>
         /// Translated shader compilation entry.
         /// </summary>
-        private struct ProgramCompilation
+        private readonly struct ProgramCompilation
         {
             /// <summary>
             /// Translated shader stages.
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
         /// <summary>
         /// Program translation entry.
         /// </summary>
-        private struct AsyncProgramTranslation
+        private readonly struct AsyncProgramTranslation
         {
             /// <summary>
             /// Guest code for each active stage.

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/GpuAccessorBase.cs

@@ -134,6 +134,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
 
         public bool QueryHostSupportsShaderBallot() => _context.Capabilities.SupportsShaderBallot;
 
+        public bool QueryHostSupportsSnormBufferTextureFormat() => _context.Capabilities.SupportsSnormBufferTextureFormat;
+
         public bool QueryHostSupportsTextureShadowLod() => _context.Capabilities.SupportsTextureShadowLod;
 
         public bool QueryHostSupportsViewportIndex() => _context.Capabilities.SupportsViewportIndex;

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/GpuChannelComputeState.cs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
     /// <summary>
     /// State used by the <see cref="GpuAccessor"/>.
     /// </summary>
-    struct GpuChannelComputeState
+    readonly struct GpuChannelComputeState
     {
         // New fields should be added to the end of the struct to keep disk shader cache compatibility.
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/GpuChannelGraphicsState.cs

@@ -15,62 +15,62 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// <summary>
         /// Early Z force enable.
         /// </summary>
-        public readonly bool EarlyZForce;
+        public bool EarlyZForce;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Primitive topology of current draw.
         /// </summary>
-        public readonly PrimitiveTopology Topology;
+        public PrimitiveTopology Topology;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Tessellation mode.
         /// </summary>
-        public readonly TessMode TessellationMode;
+        public TessMode TessellationMode;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Indicates whether alpha-to-coverage is enabled.
         /// </summary>
-        public readonly bool AlphaToCoverageEnable;
+        public bool AlphaToCoverageEnable;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Indicates whether alpha-to-coverage dithering is enabled.
         /// </summary>
-        public readonly bool AlphaToCoverageDitherEnable;
+        public bool AlphaToCoverageDitherEnable;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Indicates whether the viewport transform is disabled.
         /// </summary>
-        public readonly bool ViewportTransformDisable;
+        public bool ViewportTransformDisable;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Depth mode zero to one or minus one to one.
         /// </summary>
-        public readonly bool DepthMode;
+        public bool DepthMode;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Indicates if the point size is set on the shader or is fixed.
         /// </summary>
-        public readonly bool ProgramPointSizeEnable;
+        public bool ProgramPointSizeEnable;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Point size used if <see cref="ProgramPointSizeEnable" /> is false.
         /// </summary>
-        public readonly float PointSize;
+        public float PointSize;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Indicates whether alpha test is enabled.
         /// </summary>
-        public readonly bool AlphaTestEnable;
+        public bool AlphaTestEnable;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// When alpha test is enabled, indicates the comparison that decides if the fragment should be discarded.
         /// </summary>
-        public readonly CompareOp AlphaTestCompare;
+        public CompareOp AlphaTestCompare;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// When alpha test is enabled, indicates the value to compare with the fragment output alpha.
         /// </summary>
-        public readonly float AlphaTestReference;
+        public float AlphaTestReference;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Type of the vertex attributes consumed by the shader.
@@ -80,12 +80,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// <summary>
         /// Indicates that the draw is writing the base vertex, base instance and draw index to Constant Buffer 0.
         /// </summary>
-        public readonly bool HasConstantBufferDrawParameters;
+        public bool HasConstantBufferDrawParameters;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Indicates that any storage buffer use is unaligned.
         /// </summary>
-        public readonly bool HasUnalignedStorageBuffer;
+        public bool HasUnalignedStorageBuffer;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Creates a new GPU graphics state.

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/GpuChannelPoolState.cs

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
+using System;
+
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// State used by the <see cref="GpuAccessor"/>.
     /// </summary>
-    struct GpuChannelPoolState
+    readonly struct GpuChannelPoolState : IEquatable<GpuChannelPoolState>
     {
         /// <summary>
         /// GPU virtual address of the texture pool.
@@ -32,5 +34,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
             TexturePoolMaximumId = texturePoolMaximumId;
             TextureBufferIndex = textureBufferIndex;
         }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Check if the pool states are equal.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="other">Pool state to compare with</param>
+        /// <returns>True if they are equal, false otherwise</returns>
+        public bool Equals(GpuChannelPoolState other)
+        {
+            return TexturePoolGpuVa == other.TexturePoolGpuVa &&
+                TexturePoolMaximumId == other.TexturePoolMaximumId &&
+                TextureBufferIndex == other.TextureBufferIndex;
+        }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/HashTable/PartitionedHashTable.cs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.HashTable
         /// <summary>
         /// Entry for a given data size.
         /// </summary>
-        private struct SizeEntry
+        private readonly struct SizeEntry
         {
             /// <summary>
             /// Size for the data that will be stored on the hash table on this entry.

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/ShaderCache.cs

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// </summary>
         public const TranslationFlags DefaultFlags = TranslationFlags.DebugMode;
 
-        private struct TranslatedShader
+        private readonly struct TranslatedShader
         {
             public readonly CachedShaderStage Shader;
             public readonly ShaderProgram Program;
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
             }
         }
 
-        private struct TranslatedShaderVertexPair
+        private readonly struct TranslatedShaderVertexPair
         {
             public readonly CachedShaderStage VertexA;
             public readonly CachedShaderStage VertexB;
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         private readonly Dictionary<ulong, CachedShaderProgram> _cpPrograms;
         private readonly Dictionary<ShaderAddresses, CachedShaderProgram> _gpPrograms;
 
-        private struct ProgramToSave
+        private readonly struct ProgramToSave
         {
             public readonly CachedShaderProgram CachedProgram;
             public readonly IProgram HostProgram;
@@ -300,16 +300,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
             ref ThreedClassState state,
             ref ProgramPipelineState pipeline,
             GpuChannel channel,
-            GpuChannelPoolState poolState,
-            GpuChannelGraphicsState graphicsState,
+            ref GpuChannelPoolState poolState,
+            ref GpuChannelGraphicsState graphicsState,
             ShaderAddresses addresses)
         {
-            if (_gpPrograms.TryGetValue(addresses, out var gpShaders) && IsShaderEqual(channel, poolState, graphicsState, gpShaders, addresses))
+            if (_gpPrograms.TryGetValue(addresses, out var gpShaders) && IsShaderEqual(channel, ref poolState, ref graphicsState, gpShaders, addresses))
             {
                 return gpShaders;
             }
 
-            if (_graphicsShaderCache.TryFind(channel, poolState, graphicsState, addresses, out gpShaders, out var cachedGuestCode))
+            if (_graphicsShaderCache.TryFind(channel, ref poolState, ref graphicsState, addresses, out gpShaders, out var cachedGuestCode))
             {
                 _gpPrograms[addresses] = gpShaders;
                 return gpShaders;
@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         {
             if (IsShaderEqual(channel.MemoryManager, cpShader.Shaders[0], gpuVa))
             {
-                return cpShader.SpecializationState.MatchesCompute(channel, poolState, computeState, true);
+                return cpShader.SpecializationState.MatchesCompute(channel, ref poolState, computeState, true);
             }
 
             return false;
@@ -515,8 +515,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// <returns>True if the code is different, false otherwise</returns>
         private static bool IsShaderEqual(
             GpuChannel channel,
-            GpuChannelPoolState poolState,
-            GpuChannelGraphicsState graphicsState,
+            ref GpuChannelPoolState poolState,
+            ref GpuChannelGraphicsState graphicsState,
             CachedShaderProgram gpShaders,
             ShaderAddresses addresses)
         {
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
 
             bool usesDrawParameters = gpShaders.Shaders[1]?.Info.UsesDrawParameters ?? false;
 
-            return gpShaders.SpecializationState.MatchesGraphics(channel, poolState, graphicsState, usesDrawParameters, true);
+            return gpShaders.SpecializationState.MatchesGraphics(channel, ref poolState, ref graphicsState, usesDrawParameters, true);
         }
 
         /// <summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/ShaderCacheHashTable.cs

@@ -215,8 +215,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// <returns>True if a cached host program was found, false otherwise</returns>
         public bool TryFind(
             GpuChannel channel,
-            GpuChannelPoolState poolState,
-            GpuChannelGraphicsState graphicsState,
+            ref GpuChannelPoolState poolState,
+            ref GpuChannelGraphicsState graphicsState,
             ShaderAddresses addresses,
             out CachedShaderProgram program,
             out CachedGraphicsGuestCode guestCode)
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
 
             if (found && _shaderPrograms.TryGetValue(idTable, out ShaderSpecializationList specList))
             {
-                return specList.TryFindForGraphics(channel, poolState, graphicsState, out program);
+                return specList.TryFindForGraphics(channel, ref poolState, ref graphicsState, out program);
             }
 
             return false;

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/ShaderCodeAccessor.cs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
     /// <summary>
     /// Shader code accessor.
     /// </summary>
-    struct ShaderCodeAccessor : IDataAccessor
+    readonly struct ShaderCodeAccessor : IDataAccessor
     {
         private readonly MemoryManager _memoryManager;
         private readonly ulong _baseAddress;

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/ShaderDumpPaths.cs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
     /// <summary>
     /// Paths where shader code was dumped on disk.
     /// </summary>
-    struct ShaderDumpPaths
+    readonly struct ShaderDumpPaths
     {
         /// <summary>
         /// Path where the full shader code with header was dumped, or null if not dumped.

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/ShaderSpecializationList.cs

@@ -29,15 +29,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// <returns>True if a compatible program is found, false otherwise</returns>
         public bool TryFindForGraphics(
             GpuChannel channel,
-            GpuChannelPoolState poolState,
-            GpuChannelGraphicsState graphicsState,
+            ref GpuChannelPoolState poolState,
+            ref GpuChannelGraphicsState graphicsState,
             out CachedShaderProgram program)
         {
             foreach (var entry in _entries)
             {
                 bool usesDrawParameters = entry.Shaders[1]?.Info.UsesDrawParameters ?? false;
 
-                if (entry.SpecializationState.MatchesGraphics(channel, poolState, graphicsState, usesDrawParameters, true))
+                if (entry.SpecializationState.MatchesGraphics(channel, ref poolState, ref graphicsState, usesDrawParameters, true))
                 {
                     program = entry;
                     return true;
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         {
             foreach (var entry in _entries)
             {
-                if (entry.SpecializationState.MatchesCompute(channel, poolState, computeState, true))
+                if (entry.SpecializationState.MatchesCompute(channel, ref poolState, computeState, true))
                 {
                     program = entry;
                     return true;

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/ShaderSpecializationState.cs

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// <summary>
         /// Texture binding information, used to identify each texture accessed by the shader.
         /// </summary>
-        private struct TextureKey : IEquatable<TextureKey>
+        private readonly record struct TextureKey
         {
             // New fields should be added to the end of the struct to keep disk shader cache compatibility.
 
@@ -152,21 +152,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
                 Handle = handle;
                 CbufSlot = cbufSlot;
             }
-
-            public override bool Equals(object obj)
-            {
-                return obj is TextureKey textureKey && Equals(textureKey);
-            }
-
-            public bool Equals(TextureKey other)
-            {
-                return StageIndex == other.StageIndex && Handle == other.Handle && CbufSlot == other.CbufSlot;
-            }
-
-            public override int GetHashCode()
-            {
-                return HashCode.Combine(StageIndex, Handle, CbufSlot);
-            }
         }
 
         private readonly Dictionary<TextureKey, Box<TextureSpecializationState>> _textureSpecialization;
@@ -392,6 +377,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
             state.Value.QueriedFlags |= QueriedTextureStateFlags.CoordNormalized;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks if primitive topology was queried by the shader.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>True if queried, false otherwise</returns>
+        public bool IsPrimitiveTopologyQueried()
+        {
+            return _queriedState.HasFlag(QueriedStateFlags.PrimitiveTopology);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Checks if a given texture was registerd on this specialization state.
         /// </summary>
@@ -486,8 +480,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// <returns>True if the state matches, false otherwise</returns>
         public bool MatchesGraphics(
             GpuChannel channel,
-            GpuChannelPoolState poolState,
-            GpuChannelGraphicsState graphicsState,
+            ref GpuChannelPoolState poolState,
+            ref GpuChannelGraphicsState graphicsState,
             bool usesDrawParameters,
             bool checkTextures)
         {
@@ -536,7 +530,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
                 return false;
             }
 
-            return Matches(channel, poolState, checkTextures, isCompute: false);
+            return Matches(channel, ref poolState, checkTextures, isCompute: false);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -547,14 +541,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// <param name="computeState">Compute state</param>
         /// <param name="checkTextures">Indicates whether texture descriptors should be checked</param>
         /// <returns>True if the state matches, false otherwise</returns>
-        public bool MatchesCompute(GpuChannel channel, GpuChannelPoolState poolState, GpuChannelComputeState computeState, bool checkTextures)
+        public bool MatchesCompute(GpuChannel channel, ref GpuChannelPoolState poolState, GpuChannelComputeState computeState, bool checkTextures)
         {
             if (computeState.HasUnalignedStorageBuffer != ComputeState.HasUnalignedStorageBuffer)
             {
                 return false;
             }
 
-            return Matches(channel, poolState, checkTextures, isCompute: true);
+            return Matches(channel, ref poolState, checkTextures, isCompute: true);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -618,7 +612,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// <param name="checkTextures">Indicates whether texture descriptors should be checked</param>
         /// <param name="isCompute">Indicates whenever the check is requested by the 3D or compute engine</param>
         /// <returns>True if the state matches, false otherwise</returns>
-        private bool Matches(GpuChannel channel, GpuChannelPoolState poolState, bool checkTextures, bool isCompute)
+        private bool Matches(GpuChannel channel, ref GpuChannelPoolState poolState, bool checkTextures, bool isCompute)
         {
             int constantBufferUsePerStageMask = _constantBufferUsePerStage;
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Window.cs

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu
         /// <summary>
         /// Texture presented on the window.
         /// </summary>
-        private struct PresentationTexture
+        private readonly struct PresentationTexture
         {
             /// <summary>
             /// Texture cache where the texture might be located.

Ryujinx.Graphics.Host1x/Host1xDevice.cs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Host1x
 {
     public sealed class Host1xDevice : IDisposable
     {
-        private struct Command
+        private readonly struct Command
         {
             public int[] Buffer { get; }
             public long ContextId { get; }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Host1x/SyncptIncrManager.cs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Host1x
     {
         private readonly SynchronizationManager _syncMgr;
 
-        private struct SyncptIncr
+        private readonly struct SyncptIncr
         {
             public uint Id { get; }
             public ClassId ClassId { get; }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec/FrameDecodedEventArgs.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec
 {
-    public struct FrameDecodedEventArgs
+    public readonly struct FrameDecodedEventArgs
     {
         public CodecId CodecId { get; }
         public uint LumaOffset { get; }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec/ResourceManager.cs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec.Image;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec
 {
-    struct ResourceManager
+    readonly struct ResourceManager
     {
         public MemoryManager Gmm { get; }
         public SurfaceCache Cache { get; }

Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/FormatInfo.cs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ using OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
 {
-    struct FormatInfo
+    readonly struct FormatInfo
     {
         public int  Components { get; }
         public bool Normalized { get; }

Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/OpenGLRenderer.cs

@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
                 supports3DTextureCompression: false,
                 supportsBgraFormat: false,
                 supportsR4G4Format: false,
+                supportsSnormBufferTextureFormat: false,
                 supportsFragmentShaderInterlock: HwCapabilities.SupportsFragmentShaderInterlock,
                 supportsFragmentShaderOrderingIntel: HwCapabilities.SupportsFragmentShaderOrdering,
                 supportsGeometryShaderPassthrough: HwCapabilities.SupportsGeometryShaderPassthrough,

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/CodeGen/Glsl/Instructions/InstInfo.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.CodeGen.Glsl.Instructions
 {
-    struct InstInfo
+    readonly struct InstInfo
     {
         public InstType Type { get; }
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/CodeGen/Glsl/OperandManager.cs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.CodeGen.Glsl
     {
         private static readonly string[] StagePrefixes = new string[] { "cp", "vp", "tcp", "tep", "gp", "fp" };
 
-        private struct BuiltInAttribute
+        private readonly struct BuiltInAttribute
         {
             public string Name { get; }
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/CodeGen/Spirv/OperationResult.cs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ using Spv.Generator;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.CodeGen.Spirv
 {
-    struct OperationResult
+    readonly struct OperationResult
     {
         public static OperationResult Invalid => new OperationResult(AggregateType.Invalid, null);
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/CodeGen/Spirv/SpirvDelegates.cs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.CodeGen.Spirv
     /// <summary>
     /// Delegate cache for SPIR-V instruction generators. Avoids delegate allocation when passing generators as arguments.
     /// </summary>
-    internal struct SpirvDelegates
+    internal readonly struct SpirvDelegates
     {
         // Unary
         public readonly FuncUnaryInstruction GlslFAbs;

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/CodeGen/Spirv/TextureMeta.cs

@@ -1,33 +1,4 @@
-using System;
-
-namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.CodeGen.Spirv
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.CodeGen.Spirv
 {
-    struct TextureMeta : IEquatable<TextureMeta>
-    {
-        public int CbufSlot { get; }
-        public int Handle { get; }
-        public TextureFormat Format { get; }
-
-        public TextureMeta(int cbufSlot, int handle, TextureFormat format)
-        {
-            CbufSlot = cbufSlot;
-            Handle = handle;
-            Format = format;
-        }
-
-        public override bool Equals(object obj)
-        {
-            return obj is TextureMeta other && Equals(other);
-        }
-
-        public bool Equals(TextureMeta other)
-        {
-            return CbufSlot == other.CbufSlot && Handle == other.Handle && Format == other.Format;
-        }
-
-        public override int GetHashCode()
-        {
-            return HashCode.Combine(CbufSlot, Handle, Format);
-        }
-    }
+    readonly record struct TextureMeta(int CbufSlot, int Handle, TextureFormat Format);
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Decoders/Block.cs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Decoders
         }
     }
 
-    struct SyncTarget
+    readonly struct SyncTarget
     {
         public PushOpInfo PushOpInfo { get; }
         public int PushOpId { get; }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Decoders/DecodedProgram.cs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ using System.Collections.Generic;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Decoders
 {
-    struct DecodedProgram : IEnumerable<DecodedFunction>
+    readonly struct DecodedProgram : IEnumerable<DecodedFunction>
     {
         public DecodedFunction MainFunction { get; }
         private readonly IReadOnlyDictionary<ulong, DecodedFunction> _functions;