Implement PM GetProcessInfo atmosphere extension (partially) (#2966)

* Implement code memory syscalls

* Remove owner process validation

* Add 32-bit code memory syscalls

* Remove unused field

.github/workflows/nightly_pr_comment.yml

@@ -36,15 +36,20 @@ jobs:
               return core.error(`No artifacts found`);
             }
             let body = `Download the artifacts for this pull request:\n`;
+            let hidden_headless_artifacts = `\n\n <details><summary>GUI-less (SDL2)</summary>\n`;
             let hidden_debug_artifacts = `\n\n <details><summary>Only for Developers</summary>\n`;
             for (const art of artifacts) {
-              if(art.name.includes('Debug')){
+              if(art.name.includes('Debug')) {
                 hidden_debug_artifacts += `\n* [${art.name}](https://nightly.link/${owner}/${repo}/actions/artifacts/${art.id}.zip)`;
-              }else{
+              } else if(art.name.includes('headless-sdl2')) {
+                hidden_headless_artifacts += `\n* [${art.name}](https://nightly.link/${owner}/${repo}/actions/artifacts/${art.id}.zip)`;
+              } else {
                 body += `\n* [${art.name}](https://nightly.link/${owner}/${repo}/actions/artifacts/${art.id}.zip)`;
               }
             }
+            hidden_headless_artifacts += `\n</details>`;
             hidden_debug_artifacts += `\n</details>`;
+            body += hidden_headless_artifacts;
             body += hidden_debug_artifacts;
 
             const {data: comments} = await github.issues.listComments({repo, owner, issue_number});

ARMeilleure/CodeGen/Optimizations/TailMerge.cs

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.CodeGen.Optimizations
             BasicBlock fromPred = from.Predecessors.Count == 1 ? from.Predecessors[0] : null;
 
             // If the block is empty, we can try to append to the predecessor and avoid unnecessary jumps.
-            if (from.Operations.Count == 0 && fromPred != null)
+            if (from.Operations.Count == 0 && fromPred != null && fromPred.SuccessorsCount == 1)
             {
                 for (int i = 0; i < fromPred.SuccessorsCount; i++)
                 {

ARMeilleure/Decoders/Decoder.cs

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
         // For lower code quality translation, we set a lower limit since we're blocking execution.
         private const int MaxInstsPerFunctionLowCq = 500;
 
-        public static Block[] Decode(IMemoryManager memory, ulong address, ExecutionMode mode, bool highCq, bool singleBlock)
+        public static Block[] Decode(IMemoryManager memory, ulong address, ExecutionMode mode, bool highCq, DecoderMode dMode)
         {
             List<Block> blocks = new List<Block>();
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
                 {
                     block = new Block(blkAddress);
 
-                    if ((singleBlock && visited.Count >= 1) || opsCount > instructionLimit || !memory.IsMapped(blkAddress))
+                    if ((dMode != DecoderMode.MultipleBlocks && visited.Count >= 1) || opsCount > instructionLimit || !memory.IsMapped(blkAddress))
                     {
                         block.Exit = true;
                         block.EndAddress = blkAddress;
@@ -96,6 +96,12 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
                         }
                     }
 
+                    if (dMode == DecoderMode.SingleInstruction)
+                    {
+                        // Only read at most one instruction
+                        limitAddress = currBlock.Address + 1;
+                    }
+
                     FillBlock(memory, mode, currBlock, limitAddress);
 
                     opsCount += currBlock.OpCodes.Count;
@@ -115,7 +121,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
                             currBlock.Branch = GetBlock((ulong)op.Immediate);
                         }
 
-                        if (!IsUnconditionalBranch(lastOp) || isCall)
+                        if (isCall || !(IsUnconditionalBranch(lastOp) || IsTrap(lastOp)))
                         {
                             currBlock.Next = GetBlock(currBlock.EndAddress);
                         }
@@ -143,7 +149,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
                 throw new InvalidOperationException($"Decoded a single empty exit block. Entry point = 0x{address:X}.");
             }
 
-            if (!singleBlock)
+            if (dMode == DecoderMode.MultipleBlocks)
             {
                 return TailCallRemover.RunPass(address, blocks);
             }
@@ -257,6 +263,11 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
             // so we must consider such operations as a branch in potential aswell.
             if (opCode is IOpCode32Alu opAlu && opAlu.Rd == RegisterAlias.Aarch32Pc)
             {
+                if (opCode is OpCodeT32)
+                {
+                    return opCode.Instruction.Name != InstName.Tst && opCode.Instruction.Name != InstName.Teq &&
+                           opCode.Instruction.Name != InstName.Cmp && opCode.Instruction.Name != InstName.Cmn;
+                }
                 return true;
             }
 
@@ -318,9 +329,13 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
         }
 
         private static bool IsException(OpCode opCode)
+        {
+            return IsTrap(opCode) || opCode.Instruction.Name == InstName.Svc;
+        }
+
+        private static bool IsTrap(OpCode opCode)
         {
             return opCode.Instruction.Name == InstName.Brk ||
-                   opCode.Instruction.Name == InstName.Svc ||
                    opCode.Instruction.Name == InstName.Trap ||
                    opCode.Instruction.Name == InstName.Und;
         }

ARMeilleure/Decoders/DecoderMode.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
+{
+    enum DecoderMode
+    {
+        MultipleBlocks,
+        SingleBlock,
+        SingleInstruction,
+    }
+}

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCode32.cs

@@ -13,11 +13,25 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
             Cond = (Condition)((uint)opCode >> 28);
         }
 
+        public bool IsThumb()
+        {
+            return this is OpCodeT16 || this is OpCodeT32;
+        }
+
         public uint GetPc()
         {
             // Due to backwards compatibility and legacy behavior of ARMv4 CPUs pipeline,
             // the PC actually points 2 instructions ahead.
-            return (uint)Address + (uint)OpCodeSizeInBytes * 2;
+            if (IsThumb())
+            {
+                // PC is ahead by 4 in thumb mode whether or not the current instruction
+                // is 16 or 32 bit.
+                return (uint)Address + 4u;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return (uint)Address + 8u;
+            }
         }
     }
 }

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeT16BImm11.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
 {
-    class OpCodeT16BImm11 : OpCode32, IOpCode32BImm
+    class OpCodeT16BImm11 : OpCodeT16, IOpCode32BImm
     {
         public long Immediate { get; }
 

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeT16BImm8.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
 {
-    class OpCodeT16BImm8 : OpCode32, IOpCode32BImm
+    class OpCodeT16BImm8 : OpCodeT16, IOpCode32BImm
     {
         public long Immediate { get; }
 

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeT32.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
+{
+    class OpCodeT32 : OpCode32
+    {
+        public new static OpCode Create(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) => new OpCodeT32(inst, address, opCode);
+
+        public OpCodeT32(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) : base(inst, address, opCode)
+        {
+            Cond = Condition.Al;
+
+            OpCodeSizeInBytes = 4;
+        }
+    }
+}

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeT32Alu.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
+{
+    class OpCodeT32Alu : OpCodeT32, IOpCode32Alu
+    {
+        public int Rd { get; }
+        public int Rn { get; }
+
+        public bool? SetFlags { get; }
+
+        public new static OpCode Create(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) => new OpCodeT32Alu(inst, address, opCode);
+
+        public OpCodeT32Alu(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) : base(inst, address, opCode)
+        {
+            Rd = (opCode >> 8) & 0xf;
+            Rn = (opCode >> 16) & 0xf;
+
+            SetFlags = ((opCode >> 20) & 1) != 0;
+        }
+    }
+}

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeT32AluImm.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+using ARMeilleure.Common;
+using System.Runtime.Intrinsics;
+
+namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
+{
+    class OpCodeT32AluImm : OpCodeT32Alu, IOpCode32AluImm
+    {
+        public int Immediate { get; }
+
+        public bool IsRotated { get; }
+
+        public new static OpCode Create(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) => new OpCodeT32AluImm(inst, address, opCode);
+
+        private static readonly Vector128<int> _factor = Vector128.Create(1, 0x00010001, 0x01000100, 0x01010101);
+
+        public OpCodeT32AluImm(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) : base(inst, address, opCode)
+        {
+            int imm8 = (opCode >> 0) & 0xff;
+            int imm3 = (opCode >> 12) & 7;
+            int imm1 = (opCode >> 26) & 1;
+
+            int imm12 = imm8 | (imm3 << 8) | (imm1 << 11);
+
+            if ((imm12 >> 10) == 0)
+            {
+                Immediate = imm8 * _factor.GetElement((imm12 >> 8) & 3);
+                IsRotated = false;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                int shift = imm12 >> 7;
+
+                Immediate = BitUtils.RotateRight(0x80 | (imm12 & 0x7f), shift, 32);
+                IsRotated = shift != 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeT32AluRsImm.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
+{
+    class OpCodeT32AluRsImm : OpCodeT32Alu, IOpCode32AluRsImm
+    {
+        public int Rm        { get; }
+        public int Immediate { get; }
+
+        public ShiftType ShiftType { get; }
+
+        public new static OpCode Create(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) => new OpCodeT32AluRsImm(inst, address, opCode);
+
+        public OpCodeT32AluRsImm(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) : base(inst, address, opCode)
+        {
+            Rm        = (opCode >> 0) & 0xf;
+            Immediate = ((opCode >> 6) & 3) | ((opCode >> 10) & 0x1c);
+
+            ShiftType = (ShiftType)((opCode >> 4) & 3);
+        }
+    }
+}

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeT32BImm20.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+using ARMeilleure.Instructions;
+
+namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
+{
+    class OpCodeT32BImm20 : OpCodeT32, IOpCode32BImm
+    {
+        public long Immediate { get; }
+
+        public new static OpCode Create(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) => new OpCodeT32BImm20(inst, address, opCode);
+
+        public OpCodeT32BImm20(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) : base(inst, address, opCode)
+        {
+            uint pc = GetPc();
+
+            int imm11 = (opCode >> 0) & 0x7ff;
+            int j2 = (opCode >> 11) & 1;
+            int j1 = (opCode >> 13) & 1;
+            int imm6 = (opCode >> 16) & 0x3f;
+            int s = (opCode >> 26) & 1;
+
+            int imm32 = imm11 | (imm6 << 11) | (j1 << 17) | (j2 << 18) | (s << 19);
+            imm32 = (imm32 << 13) >> 12;
+
+            Immediate = pc + imm32;
+
+            Cond = (Condition)((opCode >> 22) & 0xf);
+        }
+    }
+}

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeT32BImm24.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+using ARMeilleure.Instructions;
+
+namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
+{
+    class OpCodeT32BImm24 : OpCodeT32, IOpCode32BImm
+    {
+        public long Immediate { get; }
+
+        public new static OpCode Create(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) => new OpCodeT32BImm24(inst, address, opCode);
+
+        public OpCodeT32BImm24(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) : base(inst, address, opCode)
+        {
+            uint pc = GetPc();
+
+            if (inst.Name == InstName.Blx)
+            {
+                pc &= ~3u;
+            }
+
+            int imm11 = (opCode >> 0) & 0x7ff;
+            int j2 = (opCode >> 11) & 1;
+            int j1 = (opCode >> 13) & 1;
+            int imm10 = (opCode >> 16) & 0x3ff;
+            int s = (opCode >> 26) & 1;
+
+            int i1 = j1 ^ s ^ 1;
+            int i2 = j2 ^ s ^ 1;
+
+            int imm32 = imm11 | (imm10 << 11) | (i2 << 21) | (i1 << 22) | (s << 23);
+            imm32 = (imm32 << 9) >> 8;
+
+            Immediate = pc + imm32;
+        }
+    }
+}

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeT32MemImm12.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
+{
+    class OpCodeT32MemImm12 : OpCodeT32, IOpCode32Mem
+    {
+        public int Rt { get; }
+        public int Rn { get; }
+        public bool WBack => false;
+        public bool IsLoad { get; }
+        public bool Index => true;
+        public bool Add => true;
+        public int Immediate { get; }
+
+        public new static OpCode Create(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) => new OpCodeT32MemImm12(inst, address, opCode);
+
+        public OpCodeT32MemImm12(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) : base(inst, address, opCode)
+        {
+            Rt = (opCode >> 12) & 0xf;
+            Rn = (opCode >> 16) & 0xf;
+
+            Immediate = opCode & 0xfff;
+
+            IsLoad = ((opCode >> 20) & 1) != 0;
+        }
+    }
+}

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeT32MemImm8.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
+{
+    class OpCodeT32MemImm8 : OpCodeT32, IOpCode32Mem
+    {
+        public int Rt { get; }
+        public int Rn { get; }
+        public bool WBack { get; }
+        public bool IsLoad { get; }
+        public bool Index { get; }
+        public bool Add { get; }
+        public int Immediate { get; }
+
+        public new static OpCode Create(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) => new OpCodeT32MemImm8(inst, address, opCode);
+
+        public OpCodeT32MemImm8(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) : base(inst, address, opCode)
+        {
+            Rt = (opCode >> 12) & 0xf;
+            Rn = (opCode >> 16) & 0xf;
+
+            Index = ((opCode >> 10) & 1) != 0;
+            Add   = ((opCode >> 9) & 1) != 0;
+            WBack = ((opCode >> 8) & 1) != 0;
+
+            Immediate = opCode & 0xff;
+
+            IsLoad = ((opCode >> 20) & 1) != 0;
+        }
+    }
+}

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeTable.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using ARMeilleure.Instructions;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Numerics;
 
 namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
 {
@@ -972,8 +973,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
             SetA32("111100111x11<<10xxxx00011xx0xxxx", InstName.Vzip,     InstEmit32.Vzip,     OpCode32SimdCmpZ.Create);
 #endregion
 
-#region "OpCode Table (AArch32, T16/T32)"
-            // T16
+#region "OpCode Table (AArch32, T16)"
             SetT16("000<<xxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Mov,    InstEmit32.Mov,     OpCodeT16ShiftImm.Create);
             SetT16("0001100xxxxxxxxx", InstName.Add,    InstEmit32.Add,     OpCodeT16AddSubReg.Create);
             SetT16("0001101xxxxxxxxx", InstName.Sub,    InstEmit32.Sub,     OpCodeT16AddSubReg.Create);
@@ -1045,6 +1045,72 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
             SetT16("11100xxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.B,      InstEmit32.B,       OpCodeT16BImm11.Create);
 #endregion
 
+#region "OpCode Table (AArch32, T32)"
+            // Base
+            SetT32("11101011010xxxxx0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Adc,      InstEmit32.Adc,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x01010xxxxx0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Adc,      InstEmit32.Adc,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11101011000<xxxx0xxx<<<<xxxxxxxx", InstName.Add,      InstEmit32.Add,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x01000<xxxx0xxx<<<<xxxxxxxx", InstName.Add,      InstEmit32.Add,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11101010000<xxxx0xxx<<<<xxxxxxxx", InstName.And,      InstEmit32.And,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x00000<xxxx0xxx<<<<xxxxxxxx", InstName.And,      InstEmit32.And,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x<<<xxxxxxx10x0xxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.B,        InstEmit32.B,        OpCodeT32BImm20.Create);
+            SetT32("11110xxxxxxxxxxx10x1xxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.B,        InstEmit32.B,        OpCodeT32BImm24.Create);
+            SetT32("11101010001xxxxx0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Bic,      InstEmit32.Bic,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x00001xxxxx0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Bic,      InstEmit32.Bic,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110xxxxxxxxxxx11x1xxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Bl,       InstEmit32.Bl,       OpCodeT32BImm24.Create);
+            SetT32("11110xxxxxxxxxxx11x0xxxxxxxxxxx0", InstName.Blx,      InstEmit32.Blx,      OpCodeT32BImm24.Create);
+            SetT32("111010110001xxxx0xxx1111xxxxxxxx", InstName.Cmn,      InstEmit32.Cmn,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x010001xxxx0xxx1111xxxxxxxx", InstName.Cmn,      InstEmit32.Cmn,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("111010111011xxxx0xxx1111xxxxxxxx", InstName.Cmp,      InstEmit32.Cmp,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x011011xxxx0xxx1111xxxxxxxx", InstName.Cmp,      InstEmit32.Cmp,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11101010100<xxxx0xxx<<<<xxxxxxxx", InstName.Eor,      InstEmit32.Eor,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x00100<xxxx0xxx<<<<xxxxxxxx", InstName.Eor,      InstEmit32.Eor,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("111110000101xxxx<<<<10x1xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldr,      InstEmit32.Ldr,      OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110000101xxxx<<<<1100xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldr,      InstEmit32.Ldr,      OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110000101xxxx<<<<11x1xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldr,      InstEmit32.Ldr,      OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110001101xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldr,      InstEmit32.Ldr,      OpCodeT32MemImm12.Create);
+            SetT32("111110000001xxxx<<<<10x1xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrb,     InstEmit32.Ldrb,     OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110000001xxxx<<<<1100xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrb,     InstEmit32.Ldrb,     OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110000001xxxx<<<<11x1xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrb,     InstEmit32.Ldrb,     OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110001001xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrb,     InstEmit32.Ldrb,     OpCodeT32MemImm12.Create);
+            SetT32("111110000011xxxx<<<<10x1xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrh,     InstEmit32.Ldrh,     OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110000011xxxx<<<<1100xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrh,     InstEmit32.Ldrh,     OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110000011xxxx<<<<11x1xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrh,     InstEmit32.Ldrh,     OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110001011xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrh,     InstEmit32.Ldrh,     OpCodeT32MemImm12.Create);
+            SetT32("111110010001xxxx<<<<10x1xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrsb,    InstEmit32.Ldrsb,    OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110010001xxxx<<<<1100xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrsb,    InstEmit32.Ldrsb,    OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110010001xxxx<<<<11x1xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrsb,    InstEmit32.Ldrsb,    OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110011001xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrsb,    InstEmit32.Ldrsb,    OpCodeT32MemImm12.Create);
+            SetT32("111110010011xxxx<<<<10x1xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrsh,    InstEmit32.Ldrsh,    OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110010011xxxx<<<<1100xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrsh,    InstEmit32.Ldrsh,    OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110010011xxxx<<<<11x1xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrsh,    InstEmit32.Ldrsh,    OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110011011xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrsh,    InstEmit32.Ldrsh,    OpCodeT32MemImm12.Create);
+            SetT32("11101010010x11110xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Mov,      InstEmit32.Mov,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x00010x11110xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Mov,      InstEmit32.Mov,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11101010011x11110xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Mvn,      InstEmit32.Mvn,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x00011x11110xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Mvn,      InstEmit32.Mvn,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11101010011x<<<<0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Orn,      InstEmit32.Orn,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x00011x<<<<0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Orn,      InstEmit32.Orn,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11101010010x<<<<0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Orr,      InstEmit32.Orr,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x00010x<<<<0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Orr,      InstEmit32.Orr,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11101011110xxxxx0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Rsb,      InstEmit32.Rsb,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x01110xxxxx0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Rsb,      InstEmit32.Rsb,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11101011011xxxxx0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Sbc,      InstEmit32.Sbc,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x01011xxxxx0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Sbc,      InstEmit32.Sbc,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("111110000100xxxxxxxx1<<>xxxxxxxx", InstName.Str,      InstEmit32.Str,      OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110001100xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Str,      InstEmit32.Str,      OpCodeT32MemImm12.Create);
+            SetT32("111110000000xxxxxxxx1<<>xxxxxxxx", InstName.Strb,     InstEmit32.Strb,     OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110001000xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Strb,     InstEmit32.Strb,     OpCodeT32MemImm12.Create);
+            SetT32("111110000010xxxxxxxx1<<>xxxxxxxx", InstName.Strh,     InstEmit32.Strh,     OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110001010xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Strh,     InstEmit32.Strh,     OpCodeT32MemImm12.Create);
+            SetT32("11101011101<xxxx0xxx<<<<xxxxxxxx", InstName.Sub,      InstEmit32.Sub,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x01101<xxxx0xxx<<<<xxxxxxxx", InstName.Sub,      InstEmit32.Sub,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("111010101001xxxx0xxx1111xxxxxxxx", InstName.Teq,      InstEmit32.Teq,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x001001xxxx0xxx1111xxxxxxxx", InstName.Teq,      InstEmit32.Teq,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("111010100001xxxx0xxx1111xxxxxxxx", InstName.Tst,      InstEmit32.Tst,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x000001xxxx0xxx1111xxxxxxxx", InstName.Tst,      InstEmit32.Tst,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+#endregion
+
             FillFastLookupTable(InstA32FastLookup, AllInstA32, ToFastLookupIndexA);
             FillFastLookupTable(InstT32FastLookup, AllInstT32, ToFastLookupIndexT);
             FillFastLookupTable(InstA64FastLookup, AllInstA64, ToFastLookupIndexA);
@@ -1092,8 +1158,11 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
 
         private static void SetT32(string encoding, InstName name, InstEmitter emitter, MakeOp makeOp)
         {
-            encoding = encoding.Substring(16) + encoding.Substring(0, 16);
-            Set(encoding, AllInstT32, new InstDescriptor(name, emitter), makeOp);
+            string reversedEncoding = encoding.Substring(16) + encoding.Substring(0, 16);
+            MakeOp reversedMakeOp =
+                (InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode)
+                    => makeOp(inst, address, (int)BitOperations.RotateRight((uint)opCode, 16));
+            Set(reversedEncoding, AllInstT32, new InstDescriptor(name, emitter), reversedMakeOp);
         }
 
         private static void SetA64(string encoding, InstName name, InstEmitter emitter, MakeOp makeOp)

ARMeilleure/Instructions/InstEmitAlu32.cs

@@ -244,6 +244,23 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
             EmitAluStore(context, res);
         }
 
+        public static void Orn(ArmEmitterContext context)
+        {
+            IOpCode32Alu op = (IOpCode32Alu)context.CurrOp;
+
+            Operand n = GetAluN(context);
+            Operand m = GetAluM(context);
+
+            Operand res = context.BitwiseOr(n, context.BitwiseNot(m));
+
+            if (ShouldSetFlags(context))
+            {
+                EmitNZFlagsCheck(context, res);
+            }
+
+            EmitAluStore(context, res);
+        }
+
         public static void Pkh(ArmEmitterContext context)
         {
             OpCode32AluRsImm op = (OpCode32AluRsImm)context.CurrOp;

ARMeilleure/Instructions/InstEmitAluHelper.cs

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
         {
             Debug.Assert(value.Type == OperandType.I32);
 
-            if (IsThumb(context.CurrOp))
+            if (((OpCode32)context.CurrOp).IsThumb())
             {
                 bool isReturn = IsA32Return(context);
                 if (!isReturn)
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
                 // ARM32.
                 case IOpCode32AluImm op:
                 {
-                    if (ShouldSetFlags(context) && op.IsRotated)
+                    if (ShouldSetFlags(context) && op.IsRotated && setCarry)
                     {
                         SetFlag(context, PState.CFlag, Const((uint)op.Immediate >> 31));
                     }

ARMeilleure/Instructions/InstEmitException.cs

@@ -9,18 +9,25 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
     {
         public static void Brk(ArmEmitterContext context)
         {
-            EmitExceptionCall(context, nameof(NativeInterface.Break));
+            OpCodeException op = (OpCodeException)context.CurrOp;
+
+            string name = nameof(NativeInterface.Break);
+
+            context.StoreToContext();
+
+            context.Call(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(name), Const(op.Address), Const(op.Id));
+
+            context.LoadFromContext();
+
+            context.Return(Const(op.Address));
         }
 
         public static void Svc(ArmEmitterContext context)
-        {
-            EmitExceptionCall(context, nameof(NativeInterface.SupervisorCall));
-        }
-
-        private static void EmitExceptionCall(ArmEmitterContext context, string name)
         {
             OpCodeException op = (OpCodeException)context.CurrOp;
 
+            string name = nameof(NativeInterface.SupervisorCall);
+
             context.StoreToContext();
 
             context.Call(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(name), Const(op.Address), Const(op.Id));
@@ -41,6 +48,8 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
             context.Call(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(name), Const(op.Address), Const(op.RawOpCode));
 
             context.LoadFromContext();
+
+            context.Return(Const(op.Address));
         }
     }
 }

ARMeilleure/Instructions/InstEmitException32.cs

@@ -9,19 +9,11 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
     static partial class InstEmit32
     {
         public static void Svc(ArmEmitterContext context)
-        {
-            EmitExceptionCall(context, nameof(NativeInterface.SupervisorCall));
-        }
-
-        public static void Trap(ArmEmitterContext context)
-        {
-            EmitExceptionCall(context, nameof(NativeInterface.Break));
-        }
-
-        private static void EmitExceptionCall(ArmEmitterContext context, string name)
         {
             IOpCode32Exception op = (IOpCode32Exception)context.CurrOp;
 
+            string name = nameof(NativeInterface.SupervisorCall);
+
             context.StoreToContext();
 
             context.Call(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(name), Const(((IOpCode)op).Address), Const(op.Id));
@@ -30,5 +22,20 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
 
             Translator.EmitSynchronization(context);
         }
+
+        public static void Trap(ArmEmitterContext context)
+        {
+            IOpCode32Exception op = (IOpCode32Exception)context.CurrOp;
+
+            string name = nameof(NativeInterface.Break);
+
+            context.StoreToContext();
+
+            context.Call(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(name), Const(((IOpCode)op).Address), Const(op.Id));
+
+            context.LoadFromContext();
+
+            context.Return(Const(context.CurrOp.Address));
+        }
     }
 }

ARMeilleure/Instructions/InstEmitFlow32.cs

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
 
             uint pc = op.GetPc();
 
-            bool isThumb = IsThumb(context.CurrOp);
+            bool isThumb = ((OpCode32)context.CurrOp).IsThumb();
 
             uint currentPc = isThumb
                 ? pc | 1
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
             Operand addr = context.Copy(GetIntA32(context, op.Rm));
             Operand bitOne = context.BitwiseAnd(addr, Const(1));
 
-            bool isThumb = IsThumb(context.CurrOp);
+            bool isThumb = ((OpCode32)context.CurrOp).IsThumb();
 
             uint currentPc = isThumb
                 ? (pc - 2) | 1
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
 
             SetFlag(context, PState.TFlag, bitOne);
 
-            EmitVirtualCall(context, addr);
+            EmitBxWritePc(context, addr);
         }
 
         public static void Bx(ArmEmitterContext context)

ARMeilleure/Instructions/InstEmitHelper.cs

@@ -10,11 +10,6 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
 {
     static class InstEmitHelper
     {
-        public static bool IsThumb(OpCode op)
-        {
-            return op is OpCodeT16;
-        }
-
         public static Operand GetExtendedM(ArmEmitterContext context, int rm, IntType type)
         {
             Operand value = GetIntOrZR(context, rm);
@@ -186,7 +181,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
 
             SetFlag(context, PState.TFlag, mode);
 
-            Operand addr = context.ConditionalSelect(mode, pc, context.BitwiseAnd(pc, Const(~3)));
+            Operand addr = context.ConditionalSelect(mode, context.BitwiseAnd(pc, Const(~1)), context.BitwiseAnd(pc, Const(~3)));
 
             InstEmitFlowHelper.EmitVirtualJump(context, addr, isReturn);
         }

ARMeilleure/Instructions/InstEmitMemoryEx.cs

@@ -130,11 +130,6 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
             bool ordered   = (accType & AccessType.Ordered)   != 0;
             bool exclusive = (accType & AccessType.Exclusive) != 0;
 
-            if (ordered)
-            {
-                EmitBarrier(context);
-            }
-
             Operand address = context.Copy(GetIntOrSP(context, op.Rn));
 
             Operand t = GetIntOrZR(context, op.Rt);
@@ -163,6 +158,11 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
             {
                 EmitStoreExclusive(context, address, t, exclusive, op.Size, op.Rs, a32: false);
             }
+
+            if (ordered)
+            {
+                EmitBarrier(context);
+            }
         }
 
         private static void EmitBarrier(ArmEmitterContext context)

ARMeilleure/Instructions/InstEmitMemoryEx32.cs

@@ -146,13 +146,13 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
             var exclusive = (accType & AccessType.Exclusive) != 0;
             var ordered = (accType & AccessType.Ordered) != 0;
 
-            if (ordered)
-            {
-                EmitBarrier(context);
-            }
-
             if ((accType & AccessType.Load) != 0)
             {
+                if (ordered)
+                {
+                    EmitBarrier(context);
+                }
+
                 if (size == DWordSizeLog2)
                 {
                     // Keep loads atomic - make the call to get the whole region and then decompose it into parts
@@ -219,6 +219,11 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
                     Operand value = context.ZeroExtend32(OperandType.I64, GetIntA32(context, op.Rt));
                     EmitStoreExclusive(context, address, value, exclusive, size, op.Rd, a32: true);
                 }
+
+                if (ordered)
+                {
+                    EmitBarrier(context);
+                }
             }
         }
 

ARMeilleure/Instructions/InstEmitSystem.cs

@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
 {
     static partial class InstEmit
     {
-        private const int DczSizeLog2 = 4;
+        private const int DczSizeLog2 = 4; // Log2 size in words
+        public const int DczSizeInBytes = 4 << DczSizeLog2;
 
         public static void Hint(ArmEmitterContext context)
         {
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
                     // DC ZVA
                     Operand t = GetIntOrZR(context, op.Rt);
 
-                    for (long offset = 0; offset < (4 << DczSizeLog2); offset += 8)
+                    for (long offset = 0; offset < DczSizeInBytes; offset += 8)
                     {
                         Operand address = context.Add(t, Const(offset));
 
@@ -98,7 +99,12 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
                 }
 
                 // No-op
-                case 0b11_011_0111_1110_001: //DC CIVAC
+                case 0b11_011_0111_1110_001: // DC CIVAC
+                    break;
+
+                case 0b11_011_0111_0101_001: // IC IVAU
+                    Operand target = Register(op.Rt, RegisterType.Integer, OperandType.I64);
+                    context.Call(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.InvalidateCacheLine)), target);
                     break;
             }
         }

ARMeilleure/Instructions/NativeInterface.cs

@@ -242,6 +242,11 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
             return (ulong)function.FuncPtr.ToInt64();
         }
 
+        public static void InvalidateCacheLine(ulong address)
+        {
+            Context.Translator.InvalidateJitCacheRegion(address, InstEmit.DczSizeInBytes);
+        }
+
         public static bool CheckSynchronization()
         {
             Statistics.PauseTimer();

ARMeilleure/Signal/NativeSignalHandler.cs

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Signal
                     // Unix siginfo struct locations.
                     // NOTE: These are incredibly likely to be different between kernel version and architectures.
 
-                    config.StructAddressOffset = 16; // si_addr
+                    config.StructAddressOffset = OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? 24 : 16; // si_addr
                     config.StructWriteOffset = 8; // si_code
 
                     _signalHandlerPtr = Marshal.GetFunctionPointerForDelegate(GenerateUnixSignalHandler(_handlerConfig));
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Signal
                 // Is the fault address within this tracked region?
                 Operand inRange = context.BitwiseAnd(
                     context.ICompare(faultAddress, rangeAddress, Comparison.GreaterOrEqualUI),
-                    context.ICompare(faultAddress, rangeEndAddress, Comparison.Less)
+                    context.ICompare(faultAddress, rangeEndAddress, Comparison.LessUI)
                     );
 
                 // Only call tracking if in range.

ARMeilleure/Signal/UnixSignalHandlerRegistration.cs

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Signal
     static class UnixSignalHandlerRegistration
     {
         private const int SIGSEGV = 11;
+        private const int SIGBUS = 10;
         private const int SA_SIGINFO = 0x00000004;
 
         [DllImport("libc", SetLastError = true)]
@@ -43,7 +44,17 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Signal
 
             if (result != 0)
             {
-                throw new InvalidOperationException($"Could not register sigaction. Error: {result}");
+                throw new InvalidOperationException($"Could not register SIGSEGV sigaction. Error: {result}");
+            }
+
+            if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+            {
+                result = sigaction(SIGBUS, ref sig, out SigAction oldb);
+
+                if (result != 0)
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException($"Could not register SIGBUS sigaction. Error: {result}");
+                }
             }
 
             return old;
@@ -51,7 +62,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Signal
 
         public static bool RestoreExceptionHandler(SigAction oldAction)
         {
-            return sigaction(SIGSEGV, ref oldAction, out SigAction _) == 0;
+            return sigaction(SIGSEGV, ref oldAction, out SigAction _) == 0 && (!OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() || sigaction(SIGBUS, ref oldAction, out SigAction _) == 0);
         }
     }
 }

ARMeilleure/State/ExecutionContext.cs

@@ -43,6 +43,12 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.State
         public long TpidrEl0 { get; set; }
         public long Tpidr    { get; set; }
 
+        public uint Pstate
+        {
+            get => _nativeContext.GetPstate();
+            set => _nativeContext.SetPstate(value);
+        }
+
         public FPCR Fpcr { get; set; }
         public FPSR Fpsr { get; set; }
         public FPCR StandardFpcrValue => (Fpcr & (FPCR.Ahp)) | FPCR.Dn | FPCR.Fz;

ARMeilleure/State/NativeContext.cs

@@ -95,6 +95,25 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.State
             GetStorage().Flags[(int)flag] = value ? 1u : 0u;
         }
 
+        public unsafe uint GetPstate()
+        {
+            uint value = 0;
+            for (int flag = 0; flag < RegisterConsts.FlagsCount; flag++)
+            {
+                value |= GetStorage().Flags[flag] != 0 ? 1u << flag : 0u;
+            }
+            return value;
+        }
+
+        public unsafe void SetPstate(uint value)
+        {
+            for (int flag = 0; flag < RegisterConsts.FlagsCount; flag++)
+            {
+                uint bit = 1u << flag;
+                GetStorage().Flags[flag] = (value & bit) == bit ? 1u : 0u;
+            }
+        }
+
         public unsafe bool GetFPStateFlag(FPState flag)
         {
             if ((uint)flag >= RegisterConsts.FpFlagsCount)

ARMeilleure/Translation/Delegates.cs

@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetFpscr))); // A32 only.
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetFpsr)));
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetFunctionAddress)));
+            SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.InvalidateCacheLine)));
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetTpidr)));
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetTpidr32))); // A32 only.
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetTpidrEl0)));

ARMeilleure/Translation/IntervalTree.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,756 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// An Augmented Interval Tree based off of the "TreeDictionary"'s Red-Black Tree. Allows fast overlap checking of ranges.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="K">Key</typeparam>
+    /// <typeparam name="V">Value</typeparam>
+    class IntervalTree<K, V> where K : IComparable<K>
+    {
+        private const int ArrayGrowthSize = 32;
+
+        private const bool Black = true;
+        private const bool Red = false;
+        private IntervalTreeNode<K, V> _root = null;
+        private int _count = 0;
+
+        public int Count => _count;
+
+        public IntervalTree() { }
+
+        #region Public Methods
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the values of the interval whose key is <paramref name="key"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="key">Key of the node value to get</param>
+        /// <param name="value">Value with the given <paramref name="key"/></param>
+        /// <returns>True if the key is on the dictionary, false otherwise</returns>
+        public bool TryGet(K key, out V value)
+        {
+            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node = GetNode(key);
+
+            if (node == null)
+            {
+                value = default;
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            value = node.Value;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the start addresses of the intervals whose start and end keys overlap the given range.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="start">Start of the range</param>
+        /// <param name="end">End of the range</param>
+        /// <param name="overlaps">Overlaps array to place results in</param>
+        /// <param name="overlapCount">Index to start writing results into the array. Defaults to 0</param>
+        /// <returns>Number of intervals found</returns>
+        public int Get(K start, K end, ref K[] overlaps, int overlapCount = 0)
+        {
+            GetKeys(_root, start, end, ref overlaps, ref overlapCount);
+
+            return overlapCount;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds a new interval into the tree whose start is <paramref name="start"/>, end is <paramref name="end"/> and value is <paramref name="value"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="start">Start of the range to add</param>
+        /// <param name="end">End of the range to insert</param>
+        /// <param name="value">Value to add</param>
+        /// <param name="updateFactoryCallback">Optional factory used to create a new value if <paramref name="start"/> is already on the tree</param>
+        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="value"/> is null</exception>
+        /// <returns>True if the value was added, false if the start key was already in the dictionary</returns>
+        public bool AddOrUpdate(K start, K end, V value, Func<K, V, V> updateFactoryCallback)
+        {
+            if (value == null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value));
+            }
+
+            return BSTInsert(start, end, value, updateFactoryCallback, out IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets an existing or adds a new interval into the tree whose start is <paramref name="start"/>, end is <paramref name="end"/> and value is <paramref name="value"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="start">Start of the range to add</param>
+        /// <param name="end">End of the range to insert</param>
+        /// <param name="value">Value to add</param>
+        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="value"/> is null</exception>
+        /// <returns><paramref name="value"/> if <paramref name="start"/> is not yet on the tree, or the existing value otherwise</returns>
+        public V GetOrAdd(K start, K end, V value)
+        {
+            if (value == null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value));
+            }
+
+            BSTInsert(start, end, value, null, out IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node);
+            return node.Value;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Removes a value from the tree, searching for it with <paramref name="key"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="key">Key of the node to remove</param>
+        /// <returns>Number of deleted values</returns>
+        public int Remove(K key)
+        {
+            int removed = Delete(key);
+
+            _count -= removed;
+
+            return removed;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds all the nodes in the dictionary into <paramref name="list"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>A list of all values sorted by Key Order</returns>
+        public List<V> AsList()
+        {
+            List<V> list = new List<V>();
+
+            AddToList(_root, list);
+
+            return list;
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Private Methods (BST)
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds all values that are children of or contained within <paramref name="node"/> into <paramref name="list"/>, in Key Order.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">The node to search for values within</param>
+        /// <param name="list">The list to add values to</param>
+        private void AddToList(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node, List<V> list)
+        {
+            if (node == null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            AddToList(node.Left, list);
+
+            list.Add(node.Value);
+
+            AddToList(node.Right, list);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieve the node reference whose key is <paramref name="key"/>, or null if no such node exists.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="key">Key of the node to get</param>
+        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="key"/> is null</exception>
+        /// <returns>Node reference in the tree</returns>
+        private IntervalTreeNode<K, V> GetNode(K key)
+        {
+            if (key == null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(key));
+            }
+
+            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node = _root;
+            while (node != null)
+            {
+                int cmp = key.CompareTo(node.Start);
+                if (cmp < 0)
+                {
+                    node = node.Left;
+                }
+                else if (cmp > 0)
+                {
+                    node = node.Right;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    return node;
+                }
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieve all keys that overlap the given start and end keys.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="start">Start of the range</param>
+        /// <param name="end">End of the range</param>
+        /// <param name="overlaps">Overlaps array to place results in</param>
+        /// <param name="overlapCount">Overlaps count to update</param>
+        private void GetKeys(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node, K start, K end, ref K[] overlaps, ref int overlapCount)
+        {
+            if (node == null || start.CompareTo(node.Max) >= 0)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            GetKeys(node.Left, start, end, ref overlaps, ref overlapCount);
+
+            bool endsOnRight = end.CompareTo(node.Start) > 0;
+            if (endsOnRight)
+            {
+                if (start.CompareTo(node.End) < 0)
+                {
+                    if (overlaps.Length >= overlapCount)
+                    {
+                        Array.Resize(ref overlaps, overlapCount + ArrayGrowthSize);
+                    }
+
+                    overlaps[overlapCount++] = node.Start;
+                }
+
+                GetKeys(node.Right, start, end, ref overlaps, ref overlapCount);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Propagate an increase in max value starting at the given node, heading up the tree.
+        /// This should only be called if the max increases - not for rebalancing or removals.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">The node to start propagating from</param>
+        private void PropagateIncrease(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
+        {
+            K max = node.Max;
+            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> ptr = node;
+
+            while ((ptr = ptr.Parent) != null)
+            {
+                if (max.CompareTo(ptr.Max) > 0)
+                {
+                    ptr.Max = max;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Propagate recalculating max value starting at the given node, heading up the tree.
+        /// This fully recalculates the max value from all children when there is potential for it to decrease.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">The node to start propagating from</param>
+        private void PropagateFull(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
+        {
+            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> ptr = node;
+
+            do
+            {
+                K max = ptr.End;
+
+                if (ptr.Left != null && ptr.Left.Max.CompareTo(max) > 0)
+                {
+                    max = ptr.Left.Max;
+                }
+
+                if (ptr.Right != null && ptr.Right.Max.CompareTo(max) > 0)
+                {
+                    max = ptr.Right.Max;
+                }
+
+                ptr.Max = max;
+            } while ((ptr = ptr.Parent) != null);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Insertion Mechanism for the interval tree. Similar to a BST insert, with the start of the range as the key.
+        /// Iterates the tree starting from the root and inserts a new node where all children in the left subtree are less than <paramref name="start"/>, and all children in the right subtree are greater than <paramref name="start"/>.
+        /// Each node can contain multiple values, and has an end address which is the maximum of all those values.
+        /// Post insertion, the "max" value of the node and all parents are updated.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="start">Start of the range to insert</param>
+        /// <param name="end">End of the range to insert</param>
+        /// <param name="value">Value to insert</param>
+        /// <param name="updateFactoryCallback">Optional factory used to create a new value if <paramref name="start"/> is already on the tree</param>
+        /// <param name="outNode">Node that was inserted or modified</param>
+        /// <returns>True if <paramref name="start"/> was not yet on the tree, false otherwise</returns>
+        private bool BSTInsert(K start, K end, V value, Func<K, V, V> updateFactoryCallback, out IntervalTreeNode<K, V> outNode)
+        {
+            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> parent = null;
+            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node = _root;
+
+            while (node != null)
+            {
+                parent = node;
+                int cmp = start.CompareTo(node.Start);
+                if (cmp < 0)
+                {
+                    node = node.Left;
+                }
+                else if (cmp > 0)
+                {
+                    node = node.Right;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    outNode = node;
+
+                    if (updateFactoryCallback != null)
+                    {
+                        // Replace
+                        node.Value = updateFactoryCallback(start, node.Value);
+
+                        int endCmp = end.CompareTo(node.End);
+
+                        if (endCmp > 0)
+                        {
+                            node.End = end;
+                            if (end.CompareTo(node.Max) > 0)
+                            {
+                                node.Max = end;
+                                PropagateIncrease(node);
+                                RestoreBalanceAfterInsertion(node);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else if (endCmp < 0)
+                        {
+                            node.End = end;
+                            PropagateFull(node);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> newNode = new IntervalTreeNode<K, V>(start, end, value, parent);
+            if (newNode.Parent == null)
+            {
+                _root = newNode;
+            }
+            else if (start.CompareTo(parent.Start) < 0)
+            {
+                parent.Left = newNode;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                parent.Right = newNode;
+            }
+
+            PropagateIncrease(newNode);
+            _count++;
+            RestoreBalanceAfterInsertion(newNode);
+            outNode = newNode;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Removes the value from the dictionary after searching for it with <paramref name="key">.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="key">Key to search for</param>
+        /// <returns>Number of deleted values</returns>
+        private int Delete(K key)
+        {
+            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> nodeToDelete = GetNode(key);
+
+            if (nodeToDelete == null)
+            {
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> replacementNode;
+
+            if (LeftOf(nodeToDelete) == null || RightOf(nodeToDelete) == null)
+            {
+                replacementNode = nodeToDelete;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                replacementNode = PredecessorOf(nodeToDelete);
+            }
+
+            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> tmp = LeftOf(replacementNode) ?? RightOf(replacementNode);
+
+            if (tmp != null)
+            {
+                tmp.Parent = ParentOf(replacementNode);
+            }
+
+            if (ParentOf(replacementNode) == null)
+            {
+                _root = tmp;
+            }
+            else if (replacementNode == LeftOf(ParentOf(replacementNode)))
+            {
+                ParentOf(replacementNode).Left = tmp;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ParentOf(replacementNode).Right = tmp;
+            }
+
+            if (replacementNode != nodeToDelete)
+            {
+                nodeToDelete.Start = replacementNode.Start;
+                nodeToDelete.Value = replacementNode.Value;
+                nodeToDelete.End = replacementNode.End;
+                nodeToDelete.Max = replacementNode.Max;
+            }
+
+            PropagateFull(replacementNode);
+
+            if (tmp != null && ColorOf(replacementNode) == Black)
+            {
+                RestoreBalanceAfterRemoval(tmp);
+            }
+
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the node with the largest key where <paramref name="node"/> is considered the root node.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">Root Node</param>
+        /// <returns>Node with the maximum key in the tree of <paramref name="node"/></returns>
+        private static IntervalTreeNode<K, V> Maximum(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
+        {
+            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> tmp = node;
+            while (tmp.Right != null)
+            {
+                tmp = tmp.Right;
+            }
+
+            return tmp;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Finds the node whose key is immediately less than <paramref name="node"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">Node to find the predecessor of</param>
+        /// <returns>Predecessor of <paramref name="node"/></returns>
+        private static IntervalTreeNode<K, V> PredecessorOf(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
+        {
+            if (node.Left != null)
+            {
+                return Maximum(node.Left);
+            }
+            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> parent = node.Parent;
+            while (parent != null && node == parent.Left)
+            {
+                node = parent;
+                parent = parent.Parent;
+            }
+            return parent;
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Private Methods (RBL)
+
+        private void RestoreBalanceAfterRemoval(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> balanceNode)
+        {
+            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> ptr = balanceNode;
+
+            while (ptr != _root && ColorOf(ptr) == Black)
+            {
+                if (ptr == LeftOf(ParentOf(ptr)))
+                {
+                    IntervalTreeNode<K, V> sibling = RightOf(ParentOf(ptr));
+
+                    if (ColorOf(sibling) == Red)
+                    {
+                        SetColor(sibling, Black);
+                        SetColor(ParentOf(ptr), Red);
+                        RotateLeft(ParentOf(ptr));
+                        sibling = RightOf(ParentOf(ptr));
+                    }
+                    if (ColorOf(LeftOf(sibling)) == Black && ColorOf(RightOf(sibling)) == Black)
+                    {
+                        SetColor(sibling, Red);
+                        ptr = ParentOf(ptr);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        if (ColorOf(RightOf(sibling)) == Black)
+                        {
+                            SetColor(LeftOf(sibling), Black);
+                            SetColor(sibling, Red);
+                            RotateRight(sibling);
+                            sibling = RightOf(ParentOf(ptr));
+                        }
+                        SetColor(sibling, ColorOf(ParentOf(ptr)));
+                        SetColor(ParentOf(ptr), Black);
+                        SetColor(RightOf(sibling), Black);
+                        RotateLeft(ParentOf(ptr));
+                        ptr = _root;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    IntervalTreeNode<K, V> sibling = LeftOf(ParentOf(ptr));
+
+                    if (ColorOf(sibling) == Red)
+                    {
+                        SetColor(sibling, Black);
+                        SetColor(ParentOf(ptr), Red);
+                        RotateRight(ParentOf(ptr));
+                        sibling = LeftOf(ParentOf(ptr));
+                    }
+                    if (ColorOf(RightOf(sibling)) == Black && ColorOf(LeftOf(sibling)) == Black)
+                    {
+                        SetColor(sibling, Red);
+                        ptr = ParentOf(ptr);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        if (ColorOf(LeftOf(sibling)) == Black)
+                        {
+                            SetColor(RightOf(sibling), Black);
+                            SetColor(sibling, Red);
+                            RotateLeft(sibling);
+                            sibling = LeftOf(ParentOf(ptr));
+                        }
+                        SetColor(sibling, ColorOf(ParentOf(ptr)));
+                        SetColor(ParentOf(ptr), Black);
+                        SetColor(LeftOf(sibling), Black);
+                        RotateRight(ParentOf(ptr));
+                        ptr = _root;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            SetColor(ptr, Black);
+        }
+
+        private void RestoreBalanceAfterInsertion(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> balanceNode)
+        {
+            SetColor(balanceNode, Red);
+            while (balanceNode != null && balanceNode != _root && ColorOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)) == Red)
+            {
+                if (ParentOf(balanceNode) == LeftOf(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode))))
+                {
+                    IntervalTreeNode<K, V> sibling = RightOf(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)));
+
+                    if (ColorOf(sibling) == Red)
+                    {
+                        SetColor(ParentOf(balanceNode), Black);
+                        SetColor(sibling, Black);
+                        SetColor(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)), Red);
+                        balanceNode = ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode));
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        if (balanceNode == RightOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)))
+                        {
+                            balanceNode = ParentOf(balanceNode);
+                            RotateLeft(balanceNode);
+                        }
+                        SetColor(ParentOf(balanceNode), Black);
+                        SetColor(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)), Red);
+                        RotateRight(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)));
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    IntervalTreeNode<K, V> sibling = LeftOf(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)));
+
+                    if (ColorOf(sibling) == Red)
+                    {
+                        SetColor(ParentOf(balanceNode), Black);
+                        SetColor(sibling, Black);
+                        SetColor(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)), Red);
+                        balanceNode = ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode));
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        if (balanceNode == LeftOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)))
+                        {
+                            balanceNode = ParentOf(balanceNode);
+                            RotateRight(balanceNode);
+                        }
+                        SetColor(ParentOf(balanceNode), Black);
+                        SetColor(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)), Red);
+                        RotateLeft(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            SetColor(_root, Black);
+        }
+
+        private void RotateLeft(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
+        {
+            if (node != null)
+            {
+                IntervalTreeNode<K, V> right = RightOf(node);
+                node.Right = LeftOf(right);
+                if (node.Right != null)
+                {
+                    node.Right.Parent = node;
+                }
+                IntervalTreeNode<K, V> nodeParent = ParentOf(node);
+                right.Parent = nodeParent;
+                if (nodeParent == null)
+                {
+                    _root = right;
+                }
+                else if (node == LeftOf(nodeParent))
+                {
+                    nodeParent.Left = right;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    nodeParent.Right = right;
+                }
+                right.Left = node;
+                node.Parent = right;
+
+                PropagateFull(node);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void RotateRight(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
+        {
+            if (node != null)
+            {
+                IntervalTreeNode<K, V> left = LeftOf(node);
+                node.Left = RightOf(left);
+                if (node.Left != null)
+                {
+                    node.Left.Parent = node;
+                }
+                IntervalTreeNode<K, V> nodeParent = ParentOf(node);
+                left.Parent = nodeParent;
+                if (nodeParent == null)
+                {
+                    _root = left;
+                }
+                else if (node == RightOf(nodeParent))
+                {
+                    nodeParent.Right = left;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    nodeParent.Left = left;
+                }
+                left.Right = node;
+                node.Parent = left;
+
+                PropagateFull(node);
+            }
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Safety-Methods
+
+        // These methods save memory by allowing us to forego sentinel nil nodes, as well as serve as protection against NullReferenceExceptions.
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the color of <paramref name="node"/>, or Black if it is null.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">Node</param>
+        /// <returns>The boolean color of <paramref name="node"/>, or black if null</returns>
+        private static bool ColorOf(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
+        {
+            return node == null || node.Color;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the color of <paramref name="node"/> node to <paramref name="color"/>.
+        /// <br></br>
+        /// This method does nothing if <paramref name="node"/> is null.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">Node to set the color of</param>
+        /// <param name="color">Color (Boolean)</param>
+        private static void SetColor(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node, bool color)
+        {
+            if (node != null)
+            {
+                node.Color = color;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// This method returns the left node of <paramref name="node"/>, or null if <paramref name="node"/> is null.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">Node to retrieve the left child from</param>
+        /// <returns>Left child of <paramref name="node"/></returns>
+        private static IntervalTreeNode<K, V> LeftOf(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
+        {
+            return node?.Left;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// This method returns the right node of <paramref name="node"/>, or null if <paramref name="node"/> is null.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">Node to retrieve the right child from</param>
+        /// <returns>Right child of <paramref name="node"/></returns>
+        private static IntervalTreeNode<K, V> RightOf(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
+        {
+            return node?.Right;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the parent node of <paramref name="node"/>, or null if <paramref name="node"/> is null.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">Node to retrieve the parent from</param>
+        /// <returns>Parent of <paramref name="node"/></returns>
+        private static IntervalTreeNode<K, V> ParentOf(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
+        {
+            return node?.Parent;
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        public bool ContainsKey(K key)
+        {
+            return GetNode(key) != null;
+        }
+
+        public void Clear()
+        {
+            _root = null;
+            _count = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Represents a node in the IntervalTree which contains start and end keys of type K, and a value of generic type V.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="K">Key type of the node</typeparam>
+    /// <typeparam name="V">Value type of the node</typeparam>
+    class IntervalTreeNode<K, V>
+    {
+        public bool Color = true;
+        public IntervalTreeNode<K, V> Left = null;
+        public IntervalTreeNode<K, V> Right = null;
+        public IntervalTreeNode<K, V> Parent = null;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The start of the range.
+        /// </summary>
+        public K Start;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The end of the range.
+        /// </summary>
+        public K End;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The maximum end value of this node and all its children.
+        /// </summary>
+        public K Max;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Value stored on this node.
+        /// </summary>
+        public V Value;
+
+        public IntervalTreeNode(K start, K end, V value, IntervalTreeNode<K, V> parent)
+        {
+            Start = start;
+            End = end;
+            Max = end;
+            Value = value;
+            Parent = parent;
+        }
+    }
+}

ARMeilleure/Translation/PTC/Ptc.cs

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
         private const string OuterHeaderMagicString = "PTCohd\0\0";
         private const string InnerHeaderMagicString = "PTCihd\0\0";
 
-        private const uint InternalVersion = 3061; //! To be incremented manually for each change to the ARMeilleure project.
+        private const uint InternalVersion = 3267; //! To be incremented manually for each change to the ARMeilleure project.
 
         private const string ActualDir = "0";
         private const string BackupDir = "1";
@@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
 
                     translator.RegisterFunction(infoEntry.Address, func);
 
-                    bool isAddressUnique = translator.Functions.TryAdd(infoEntry.Address, func);
+                    bool isAddressUnique = translator.Functions.TryAdd(infoEntry.Address, infoEntry.GuestSize, func);
 
                     Debug.Assert(isAddressUnique, $"The address 0x{infoEntry.Address:X16} is not unique.");
                 }
@@ -815,7 +815,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
 
                     TranslatedFunction func = translator.Translate(address, item.funcProfile.Mode, item.funcProfile.HighCq);
 
-                    bool isAddressUnique = translator.Functions.TryAdd(address, func);
+                    bool isAddressUnique = translator.Functions.TryAdd(address, func.GuestSize, func);
 
                     Debug.Assert(isAddressUnique, $"The address 0x{address:X16} is not unique.");
 

ARMeilleure/Translation/PTC/PtcProfiler.cs

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
             return address >= StaticCodeStart && address < StaticCodeStart + StaticCodeSize;
         }
 
-        internal static ConcurrentQueue<(ulong address, FuncProfile funcProfile)> GetProfiledFuncsToTranslate(ConcurrentDictionary<ulong, TranslatedFunction> funcs)
+        internal static ConcurrentQueue<(ulong address, FuncProfile funcProfile)> GetProfiledFuncsToTranslate(TranslatorCache<TranslatedFunction> funcs)
         {
             var profiledFuncsToTranslate = new ConcurrentQueue<(ulong address, FuncProfile funcProfile)>();
 

ARMeilleure/Translation/SsaConstruction.cs

@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
                     }
                 }
 
-                Array.Clear(localDefs, 0, localDefs.Length);
+                Array.Clear(localDefs);
             }
 
             // Second pass, rename variables with definitions on different blocks.

ARMeilleure/Translation/Translator.cs

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
         private readonly AutoResetEvent _backgroundTranslatorEvent;
         private readonly ReaderWriterLock _backgroundTranslatorLock;
 
-        internal ConcurrentDictionary<ulong, TranslatedFunction> Functions { get; }
+        internal TranslatorCache<TranslatedFunction> Functions { get; }
         internal AddressTable<ulong> FunctionTable { get; }
         internal EntryTable<uint> CountTable { get; }
         internal TranslatorStubs Stubs { get; }
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
             JitCache.Initialize(allocator);
 
             CountTable = new EntryTable<uint>();
-            Functions = new ConcurrentDictionary<ulong, TranslatedFunction>();
+            Functions = new TranslatorCache<TranslatedFunction>();
             FunctionTable = new AddressTable<ulong>(for64Bits ? Levels64Bit : Levels32Bit);
             Stubs = new TranslatorStubs(this);
 
@@ -93,12 +93,12 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
             {
                 _backgroundTranslatorLock.AcquireReaderLock(Timeout.Infinite);
 
-                if (_backgroundStack.TryPop(out RejitRequest request) && 
+                if (_backgroundStack.TryPop(out RejitRequest request) &&
                     _backgroundSet.TryRemove(request.Address, out _))
                 {
                     TranslatedFunction func = Translate(request.Address, request.Mode, highCq: true);
 
-                    Functions.AddOrUpdate(request.Address, func, (key, oldFunc) =>
+                    Functions.AddOrUpdate(request.Address, func.GuestSize, func, (key, oldFunc) =>
                     {
                         EnqueueForDeletion(key, oldFunc);
                         return func;
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
             }
         }
 
-        public ulong ExecuteSingle(State.ExecutionContext context, ulong address)
+        private ulong ExecuteSingle(State.ExecutionContext context, ulong address)
         {
             TranslatedFunction func = GetOrTranslate(address, context.ExecutionMode);
 
@@ -209,13 +209,24 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
             return nextAddr;
         }
 
+        public ulong Step(State.ExecutionContext context, ulong address)
+        {
+            TranslatedFunction func = Translate(address, context.ExecutionMode, highCq: false, singleStep: true);
+
+            address = func.Execute(context);
+
+            EnqueueForDeletion(address, func);
+
+            return address;
+        }
+
         internal TranslatedFunction GetOrTranslate(ulong address, ExecutionMode mode)
         {
             if (!Functions.TryGetValue(address, out TranslatedFunction func))
             {
                 func = Translate(address, mode, highCq: false);
 
-                TranslatedFunction oldFunc = Functions.GetOrAdd(address, func);
+                TranslatedFunction oldFunc = Functions.GetOrAdd(address, func.GuestSize, func);
 
                 if (oldFunc != func)
                 {
@@ -242,7 +253,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
             }
         }
 
-        internal TranslatedFunction Translate(ulong address, ExecutionMode mode, bool highCq)
+        internal TranslatedFunction Translate(ulong address, ExecutionMode mode, bool highCq, bool singleStep = false)
         {
             var context = new ArmEmitterContext(
                 Memory,
@@ -255,7 +266,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
 
             Logger.StartPass(PassName.Decoding);
 
-            Block[] blocks = Decoder.Decode(Memory, address, mode, highCq, singleBlock: false);
+            Block[] blocks = Decoder.Decode(Memory, address, mode, highCq, singleStep ? DecoderMode.SingleInstruction : DecoderMode.MultipleBlocks);
 
             Logger.EndPass(PassName.Decoding);
 
@@ -285,14 +296,14 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
 
             var options = highCq ? CompilerOptions.HighCq : CompilerOptions.None;
 
-            if (context.HasPtc)
+            if (context.HasPtc && !singleStep)
             {
                 options |= CompilerOptions.Relocatable;
             }
 
             CompiledFunction compiledFunc = Compiler.Compile(cfg, argTypes, retType, options);
 
-            if (context.HasPtc)
+            if (context.HasPtc && !singleStep)
             {
                 Hash128 hash = Ptc.ComputeHash(Memory, address, funcSize);
 
@@ -471,7 +482,24 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
             // If rejit is running, stop it as it may be trying to rejit a function on the invalidated region.
             ClearRejitQueue(allowRequeue: true);
 
-            // TODO: Completely remove functions overlapping the specified range from the cache.
+            ulong[] overlapAddresses = Array.Empty<ulong>();
+
+            int overlapsCount = Functions.GetOverlaps(address, size, ref overlapAddresses);
+
+            for (int index = 0; index < overlapsCount; index++)
+            {
+                ulong overlapAddress = overlapAddresses[index];
+
+                if (Functions.TryGetValue(overlapAddress, out TranslatedFunction overlap))
+                {
+                    Functions.Remove(overlapAddress);
+                    Volatile.Write(ref FunctionTable.GetValue(overlapAddress), FunctionTable.Fill);
+                    EnqueueForDeletion(overlapAddress, overlap);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // TODO: Remove overlapping functions from the JitCache aswell.
+            // This should be done safely, with a mechanism to ensure the function is not being executed.
         }
 
         internal void EnqueueForRejit(ulong guestAddress, ExecutionMode mode)
@@ -493,7 +521,9 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
             // Ensure no attempt will be made to compile new functions due to rejit.
             ClearRejitQueue(allowRequeue: false);
 
-            foreach (var func in Functions.Values)
+            List<TranslatedFunction> functions = Functions.AsList();
+
+            foreach (var func in functions)
             {
                 JitCache.Unmap(func.FuncPtr);
 

ARMeilleure/Translation/TranslatorCache.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Threading;
+
+namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
+{
+    internal class TranslatorCache<T>
+    {
+        private readonly IntervalTree<ulong, T> _tree;
+        private readonly ReaderWriterLock _treeLock;
+
+        public int Count => _tree.Count;
+
+        public TranslatorCache()
+        {
+            _tree = new IntervalTree<ulong, T>();
+            _treeLock = new ReaderWriterLock();
+        }
+
+        public bool TryAdd(ulong address, ulong size, T value)
+        {
+            return AddOrUpdate(address, size, value, null);
+        }
+
+        public bool AddOrUpdate(ulong address, ulong size, T value, Func<ulong, T, T> updateFactoryCallback)
+        {
+            _treeLock.AcquireWriterLock(Timeout.Infinite);
+            bool result = _tree.AddOrUpdate(address, address + size, value, updateFactoryCallback);
+            _treeLock.ReleaseWriterLock();
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        public T GetOrAdd(ulong address, ulong size, T value)
+        {
+            _treeLock.AcquireWriterLock(Timeout.Infinite);
+            value = _tree.GetOrAdd(address, address + size, value);
+            _treeLock.ReleaseWriterLock();
+
+            return value;
+        }
+
+        public bool Remove(ulong address)
+        {
+            _treeLock.AcquireWriterLock(Timeout.Infinite);
+            bool removed = _tree.Remove(address) != 0;
+            _treeLock.ReleaseWriterLock();
+
+            return removed;
+        }
+
+        public void Clear()
+        {
+            _treeLock.AcquireWriterLock(Timeout.Infinite);
+            _tree.Clear();
+            _treeLock.ReleaseWriterLock();
+        }
+
+        public bool ContainsKey(ulong address)
+        {
+            _treeLock.AcquireReaderLock(Timeout.Infinite);
+            bool result = _tree.ContainsKey(address);
+            _treeLock.ReleaseReaderLock();
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        public bool TryGetValue(ulong address, out T value)
+        {
+            _treeLock.AcquireReaderLock(Timeout.Infinite);
+            bool result = _tree.TryGet(address, out value);
+            _treeLock.ReleaseReaderLock();
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        public int GetOverlaps(ulong address, ulong size, ref ulong[] overlaps)
+        {
+            _treeLock.AcquireReaderLock(Timeout.Infinite);
+            int count = _tree.Get(address, address + size, ref overlaps);
+            _treeLock.ReleaseReaderLock();
+
+            return count;
+        }
+
+        public List<T> AsList()
+        {
+            _treeLock.AcquireReaderLock(Timeout.Infinite);
+            List<T> list = _tree.AsList();
+            _treeLock.ReleaseReaderLock();
+
+            return list;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Dsp/Command/DelayCommand.cs

@@ -18,8 +18,10 @@
 using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.State;
 using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Parameter.Effect;
 using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server.Effect;
+using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Utils.Math;
 using System;
 using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Numerics;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
 
         private const int FixedPointPrecision = 14;
 
-        public DelayCommand(uint bufferOffset, DelayParameter parameter, Memory<DelayState> state, bool isEnabled, ulong workBuffer, int nodeId)
+        public DelayCommand(uint bufferOffset, DelayParameter parameter, Memory<DelayState> state, bool isEnabled, ulong workBuffer, int nodeId, bool newEffectChannelMappingSupported)
         {
             Enabled = true;
             NodeId = nodeId;
@@ -63,9 +65,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
                 InputBufferIndices[i] = (ushort)(bufferOffset + Parameter.Input[i]);
                 OutputBufferIndices[i] = (ushort)(bufferOffset + Parameter.Output[i]);
             }
+
+            // NOTE: We do the opposite as Nintendo here for now to restore previous behaviour
+            // TODO: Update delay processing and remove this to use RemapLegacyChannelEffectMappingToChannelResourceMapping.
+            DataSourceHelper.RemapChannelResourceMappingToLegacy(newEffectChannelMappingSupported, InputBufferIndices);
+            DataSourceHelper.RemapChannelResourceMappingToLegacy(newEffectChannelMappingSupported, OutputBufferIndices);
         }
 
-        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining | MethodImplOptions.AggressiveOptimization)]
         private unsafe void ProcessDelayMono(ref DelayState state, float* outputBuffer, float* inputBuffer, uint sampleCount)
         {
             float feedbackGain = FixedPointHelper.ToFloat(Parameter.FeedbackGain, FixedPointPrecision);
@@ -78,133 +85,148 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
                 float input = inputBuffer[i] * 64;
                 float delayLineValue = state.DelayLines[0].Read();
 
-                float lowPassResult = (input * inGain + delayLineValue * feedbackGain) * state.LowPassBaseGain + state.LowPassZ[0] * state.LowPassFeedbackGain;
+                float temp = input * inGain + delayLineValue * feedbackGain;
 
-                state.LowPassZ[0] = lowPassResult;
-
-                state.DelayLines[0].Update(lowPassResult);
+                state.UpdateLowPassFilter(ref temp, 1);
 
                 outputBuffer[i] = (input * dryGain + delayLineValue * outGain) / 64;
             }
         }
 
-        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining | MethodImplOptions.AggressiveOptimization)]
         private unsafe void ProcessDelayStereo(ref DelayState state, Span<IntPtr> outputBuffers, ReadOnlySpan<IntPtr> inputBuffers, uint sampleCount)
         {
             const ushort channelCount = 2;
 
-            Span<float> channelInput = stackalloc float[channelCount];
-            Span<float> delayLineValues = stackalloc float[channelCount];
-            Span<float> temp = stackalloc float[channelCount];
-
             float delayFeedbackBaseGain = state.DelayFeedbackBaseGain;
             float delayFeedbackCrossGain = state.DelayFeedbackCrossGain;
             float inGain = FixedPointHelper.ToFloat(Parameter.InGain, FixedPointPrecision);
             float dryGain = FixedPointHelper.ToFloat(Parameter.DryGain, FixedPointPrecision);
             float outGain = FixedPointHelper.ToFloat(Parameter.OutGain, FixedPointPrecision);
 
+            Matrix2x2 delayFeedback = new Matrix2x2(delayFeedbackBaseGain , delayFeedbackCrossGain,
+                                                    delayFeedbackCrossGain, delayFeedbackBaseGain);
+
             for (int i = 0; i < sampleCount; i++)
             {
-                for (int j = 0; j < channelCount; j++)
+                Vector2 channelInput = new Vector2
                 {
-                    channelInput[j] = *((float*)inputBuffers[j] + i) * 64;
-                    delayLineValues[j] = state.DelayLines[j].Read();
-                }
+                    X = *((float*)inputBuffers[0] + i) * 64,
+                    Y = *((float*)inputBuffers[1] + i) * 64,
+                };
 
-                temp[0] = channelInput[0] * inGain + delayLineValues[1] * delayFeedbackCrossGain + delayLineValues[0] * delayFeedbackBaseGain;
-                temp[1] = channelInput[1] * inGain + delayLineValues[0] * delayFeedbackCrossGain + delayLineValues[1] * delayFeedbackBaseGain;
-
-                for (int j = 0; j < channelCount; j++)
+                Vector2 delayLineValues = new Vector2()
                 {
-                    float lowPassResult = state.LowPassFeedbackGain * state.LowPassZ[j] + temp[j] * state.LowPassBaseGain;
+                    X = state.DelayLines[0].Read(),
+                    Y = state.DelayLines[1].Read(),
+                };
 
-                    state.LowPassZ[j] = lowPassResult;
-                    state.DelayLines[j].Update(lowPassResult);
+                Vector2 temp = MatrixHelper.Transform(ref channelInput, ref delayFeedback) + channelInput * inGain;
 
-                    *((float*)outputBuffers[j] + i) = (channelInput[j] * dryGain + delayLineValues[j] * outGain) / 64;
-                }
+                state.UpdateLowPassFilter(ref Unsafe.As<Vector2, float>(ref temp), channelCount);
+
+                *((float*)outputBuffers[0] + i) = (channelInput.X * dryGain + delayLineValues.X * outGain) / 64;
+                *((float*)outputBuffers[1] + i) = (channelInput.Y * dryGain + delayLineValues.Y * outGain) / 64;
             }
         }
 
-        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining | MethodImplOptions.AggressiveOptimization)]
         private unsafe void ProcessDelayQuadraphonic(ref DelayState state, Span<IntPtr> outputBuffers, ReadOnlySpan<IntPtr> inputBuffers, uint sampleCount)
         {
             const ushort channelCount = 4;
 
-            Span<float> channelInput = stackalloc float[channelCount];
-            Span<float> delayLineValues = stackalloc float[channelCount];
-            Span<float> temp = stackalloc float[channelCount];
-
             float delayFeedbackBaseGain = state.DelayFeedbackBaseGain;
             float delayFeedbackCrossGain = state.DelayFeedbackCrossGain;
             float inGain = FixedPointHelper.ToFloat(Parameter.InGain, FixedPointPrecision);
             float dryGain = FixedPointHelper.ToFloat(Parameter.DryGain, FixedPointPrecision);
             float outGain = FixedPointHelper.ToFloat(Parameter.OutGain, FixedPointPrecision);
 
+            Matrix4x4 delayFeedback = new Matrix4x4(delayFeedbackBaseGain , delayFeedbackCrossGain, delayFeedbackCrossGain, 0.0f,
+                                                    delayFeedbackCrossGain, delayFeedbackBaseGain , 0.0f                  , delayFeedbackCrossGain,
+                                                    delayFeedbackCrossGain, 0.0f                  , delayFeedbackBaseGain , delayFeedbackCrossGain,
+                                                    0.0f                  , delayFeedbackCrossGain, delayFeedbackCrossGain, delayFeedbackBaseGain);
+
+
             for (int i = 0; i < sampleCount; i++)
             {
-                for (int j = 0; j < channelCount; j++)
+                Vector4 channelInput = new Vector4
                 {
-                    channelInput[j] = *((float*)inputBuffers[j] + i) * 64;
-                    delayLineValues[j] = state.DelayLines[j].Read();
-                }
+                    X = *((float*)inputBuffers[0] + i) * 64,
+                    Y = *((float*)inputBuffers[1] + i) * 64,
+                    Z = *((float*)inputBuffers[2] + i) * 64,
+                    W = *((float*)inputBuffers[3] + i) * 64
+                };
 
-                temp[0] = channelInput[0] * inGain + (delayLineValues[2] + delayLineValues[1]) * delayFeedbackCrossGain + delayLineValues[0] * delayFeedbackBaseGain;
-                temp[1] = channelInput[1] * inGain + (delayLineValues[0] + delayLineValues[3]) * delayFeedbackCrossGain + delayLineValues[1] * delayFeedbackBaseGain;
-                temp[2] = channelInput[2] * inGain + (delayLineValues[3] + delayLineValues[0]) * delayFeedbackCrossGain + delayLineValues[2] * delayFeedbackBaseGain;
-                temp[3] = channelInput[3] * inGain + (delayLineValues[1] + delayLineValues[2]) * delayFeedbackCrossGain + delayLineValues[3] * delayFeedbackBaseGain;
-
-                for (int j = 0; j < channelCount; j++)
+                Vector4 delayLineValues = new Vector4()
                 {
-                    float lowPassResult = state.LowPassFeedbackGain * state.LowPassZ[j] + temp[j] * state.LowPassBaseGain;
+                    X = state.DelayLines[0].Read(),
+                    Y = state.DelayLines[1].Read(),
+                    Z = state.DelayLines[2].Read(),
+                    W = state.DelayLines[3].Read()
+                };
 
-                    state.LowPassZ[j] = lowPassResult;
-                    state.DelayLines[j].Update(lowPassResult);
+                Vector4 temp = MatrixHelper.Transform(ref channelInput, ref delayFeedback) + channelInput * inGain;
+                
+                state.UpdateLowPassFilter(ref Unsafe.As<Vector4, float>(ref temp), channelCount);
 
-                    *((float*)outputBuffers[j] + i) = (channelInput[j] * dryGain + delayLineValues[j] * outGain) / 64;
-                }
+                *((float*)outputBuffers[0] + i) = (channelInput.X * dryGain + delayLineValues.X * outGain) / 64;
+                *((float*)outputBuffers[1] + i) = (channelInput.Y * dryGain + delayLineValues.Y * outGain) / 64;
+                *((float*)outputBuffers[2] + i) = (channelInput.Z * dryGain + delayLineValues.Z * outGain) / 64;
+                *((float*)outputBuffers[3] + i) = (channelInput.W * dryGain + delayLineValues.W * outGain) / 64;
             }
         }
 
-        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining | MethodImplOptions.AggressiveOptimization)]
         private unsafe void ProcessDelaySurround(ref DelayState state, Span<IntPtr> outputBuffers, ReadOnlySpan<IntPtr> inputBuffers, uint sampleCount)
         {
             const ushort channelCount = 6;
 
-            Span<float> channelInput = stackalloc float[channelCount];
-            Span<float> delayLineValues = stackalloc float[channelCount];
-            Span<float> temp = stackalloc float[channelCount];
-
+            float feedbackGain = FixedPointHelper.ToFloat(Parameter.FeedbackGain, FixedPointPrecision);
             float delayFeedbackBaseGain = state.DelayFeedbackBaseGain;
             float delayFeedbackCrossGain = state.DelayFeedbackCrossGain;
             float inGain = FixedPointHelper.ToFloat(Parameter.InGain, FixedPointPrecision);
             float dryGain = FixedPointHelper.ToFloat(Parameter.DryGain, FixedPointPrecision);
             float outGain = FixedPointHelper.ToFloat(Parameter.OutGain, FixedPointPrecision);
 
+            Matrix6x6 delayFeedback = new Matrix6x6(delayFeedbackBaseGain , 0.0f                  , 0.0f                  , 0.0f                  , delayFeedbackCrossGain, delayFeedbackCrossGain,
+                                                    0.0f                  , delayFeedbackBaseGain , 0.0f                  , delayFeedbackCrossGain, delayFeedbackCrossGain, 0.0f                  ,
+                                                    delayFeedbackCrossGain, 0.0f                  , delayFeedbackBaseGain , delayFeedbackCrossGain, 0.0f                  , 0.0f                  ,
+                                                    0.0f                  , delayFeedbackCrossGain, delayFeedbackCrossGain, delayFeedbackBaseGain , 0.0f                  , 0.0f                  ,
+                                                    delayFeedbackCrossGain, delayFeedbackCrossGain, 0.0f                  , 0.0f                  , delayFeedbackBaseGain , 0.0f                  ,
+                                                    0.0f                  , 0.0f                  , 0.0f                  , 0.0f                  , 0.0f                  , feedbackGain);
+
             for (int i = 0; i < sampleCount; i++)
             {
-                for (int j = 0; j < channelCount; j++)
+                Vector6 channelInput = new Vector6
                 {
-                    channelInput[j] = *((float*)inputBuffers[j] + i) * 64;
-                    delayLineValues[j] = state.DelayLines[j].Read();
-                }
+                    X = *((float*)inputBuffers[0] + i) * 64,
+                    Y = *((float*)inputBuffers[1] + i) * 64,
+                    Z = *((float*)inputBuffers[2] + i) * 64,
+                    W = *((float*)inputBuffers[3] + i) * 64,
+                    V = *((float*)inputBuffers[4] + i) * 64,
+                    U = *((float*)inputBuffers[5] + i) * 64
+                };
 
-                temp[0] = channelInput[0] * inGain + (delayLineValues[2] + delayLineValues[4]) * delayFeedbackCrossGain + delayLineValues[0] * delayFeedbackBaseGain;
-                temp[1] = channelInput[1] * inGain + (delayLineValues[4] + delayLineValues[3]) * delayFeedbackCrossGain + delayLineValues[1] * delayFeedbackBaseGain;
-                temp[2] = channelInput[2] * inGain + (delayLineValues[3] + delayLineValues[0]) * delayFeedbackCrossGain + delayLineValues[2] * delayFeedbackBaseGain;
-                temp[3] = channelInput[3] * inGain + (delayLineValues[1] + delayLineValues[2]) * delayFeedbackCrossGain + delayLineValues[3] * delayFeedbackBaseGain;
-                temp[4] = channelInput[4] * inGain + (delayLineValues[0] + delayLineValues[1]) * delayFeedbackCrossGain + delayLineValues[4] * delayFeedbackBaseGain;
-                temp[5] = channelInput[5] * inGain + delayLineValues[5] * delayFeedbackBaseGain;
-
-                for (int j = 0; j < channelCount; j++)
+                Vector6 delayLineValues = new Vector6
                 {
-                    float lowPassResult = state.LowPassFeedbackGain * state.LowPassZ[j] + temp[j] * state.LowPassBaseGain;
+                    X = state.DelayLines[0].Read(),
+                    Y = state.DelayLines[1].Read(),
+                    Z = state.DelayLines[2].Read(),
+                    W = state.DelayLines[3].Read(),
+                    V = state.DelayLines[4].Read(),
+                    U = state.DelayLines[5].Read()
+                };
 
-                    state.LowPassZ[j] = lowPassResult;
-                    state.DelayLines[j].Update(lowPassResult);
+                Vector6 temp = MatrixHelper.Transform(ref channelInput, ref delayFeedback) + channelInput * inGain;
 
-                    *((float*)outputBuffers[j] + i) = (channelInput[j] * dryGain + delayLineValues[j] * outGain) / 64;
-                }
+                state.UpdateLowPassFilter(ref Unsafe.As<Vector6, float>(ref temp), channelCount);
+
+                *((float*)outputBuffers[0] + i) = (channelInput.X * dryGain + delayLineValues.X * outGain) / 64;
+                *((float*)outputBuffers[1] + i) = (channelInput.Y * dryGain + delayLineValues.Y * outGain) / 64;
+                *((float*)outputBuffers[2] + i) = (channelInput.Z * dryGain + delayLineValues.Z * outGain) / 64;
+                *((float*)outputBuffers[3] + i) = (channelInput.W * dryGain + delayLineValues.W * outGain) / 64;
+                *((float*)outputBuffers[4] + i) = (channelInput.V * dryGain + delayLineValues.V * outGain) / 64;
+                *((float*)outputBuffers[5] + i) = (channelInput.U * dryGain + delayLineValues.U * outGain) / 64;
             }
         }
 

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Dsp/Command/Reverb3dCommand.cs

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
 
         private Reverb3dParameter _parameter;
 
-        public Reverb3dCommand(uint bufferOffset, Reverb3dParameter parameter, Memory<Reverb3dState> state, bool isEnabled, ulong workBuffer, int nodeId)
+        public Reverb3dCommand(uint bufferOffset, Reverb3dParameter parameter, Memory<Reverb3dState> state, bool isEnabled, ulong workBuffer, int nodeId, bool newEffectChannelMappingSupported)
         {
             Enabled = true;
             IsEffectEnabled = isEnabled;
@@ -80,6 +80,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
                 InputBufferIndices[i] = (ushort)(bufferOffset + Parameter.Input[i]);
                 OutputBufferIndices[i] = (ushort)(bufferOffset + Parameter.Output[i]);
             }
+
+            // NOTE: We do the opposite as Nintendo here for now to restore previous behaviour
+            // TODO: Update reverb 3d processing and remove this to use RemapLegacyChannelEffectMappingToChannelResourceMapping.
+            DataSourceHelper.RemapChannelResourceMappingToLegacy(newEffectChannelMappingSupported, InputBufferIndices);
+            DataSourceHelper.RemapChannelResourceMappingToLegacy(newEffectChannelMappingSupported, OutputBufferIndices);
         }
 
         [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
@@ -194,7 +199,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
 
                 if (isSurround)
                 {
-                    *((float*)outputBuffers[4] + sampleIndex) += (outputValues[4] + state.BackLeftDelayLine.Update((values[2] - values[3]) * 0.5f) + channelInput[4] * state.DryGain);
+                    *((float*)outputBuffers[4] + sampleIndex) += (outputValues[4] + state.FrontCenterDelayLine.Update((values[2] - values[3]) * 0.5f) + channelInput[4] * state.DryGain);
                 }
             }
         }

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Dsp/Command/ReverbCommand.cs

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
 
         private const int FixedPointPrecision = 14;
 
-        public ReverbCommand(uint bufferOffset, ReverbParameter parameter, Memory<ReverbState> state, bool isEnabled, ulong workBuffer, int nodeId, bool isLongSizePreDelaySupported)
+        public ReverbCommand(uint bufferOffset, ReverbParameter parameter, Memory<ReverbState> state, bool isEnabled, ulong workBuffer, int nodeId, bool isLongSizePreDelaySupported, bool newEffectChannelMappingSupported)
         {
             Enabled = true;
             IsEffectEnabled = isEnabled;
@@ -85,6 +85,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
             }
 
             IsLongSizePreDelaySupported = isLongSizePreDelaySupported;
+
+            // NOTE: We do the opposite as Nintendo here for now to restore previous behaviour
+            // TODO: Update reverb processing and remove this to use RemapLegacyChannelEffectMappingToChannelResourceMapping.
+            DataSourceHelper.RemapChannelResourceMappingToLegacy(newEffectChannelMappingSupported, InputBufferIndices);
+            DataSourceHelper.RemapChannelResourceMappingToLegacy(newEffectChannelMappingSupported, OutputBufferIndices);
         }
 
         [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
@@ -214,7 +219,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
 
                 if (isSurround)
                 {
-                    outputValues[4] += state.BackLeftDelayLine.Update((feedbackOutputValues[2] - feedbackOutputValues[3]) * 0.5f);
+                    outputValues[4] += state.FrontCenterDelayLine.Update((feedbackOutputValues[2] - feedbackOutputValues[3]) * 0.5f);
                 }
 
                 for (int channelIndex = 0; channelIndex < Parameter.ChannelCount; channelIndex++)

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Dsp/DataSourceHelper.cs

@@ -445,5 +445,39 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp
                 ToIntSlow(output, input, sampleCount);
             }
         }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static void RemapLegacyChannelEffectMappingToChannelResourceMapping(bool isSupported, Span<ushort> bufferIndices)
+        {
+            if (!isSupported && bufferIndices.Length == 6)
+            {
+                ushort backLeft = bufferIndices[2];
+                ushort backRight = bufferIndices[3];
+                ushort frontCenter = bufferIndices[4];
+                ushort lowFrequency = bufferIndices[5];
+
+                bufferIndices[2] = frontCenter;
+                bufferIndices[3] = lowFrequency;
+                bufferIndices[4] = backLeft;
+                bufferIndices[5] = backRight;
+            }
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static void RemapChannelResourceMappingToLegacy(bool isSupported, Span<ushort> bufferIndices)
+        {
+            if (isSupported && bufferIndices.Length == 6)
+            {
+                ushort frontCenter = bufferIndices[2];
+                ushort lowFrequency = bufferIndices[3];
+                ushort backLeft = bufferIndices[4];
+                ushort backRight = bufferIndices[5];
+
+                bufferIndices[2] = backLeft;
+                bufferIndices[3] = backRight;
+                bufferIndices[4] = frontCenter;
+                bufferIndices[5] = lowFrequency;
+            }
+        }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Dsp/State/DelayState.cs

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Effect;
 using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Parameter.Effect;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.State
 {
@@ -43,7 +44,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.State
             {
                 DelayLines[i] = new DelayLine(sampleRate, parameter.DelayTimeMax);
                 DelayLines[i].SetDelay(parameter.DelayTime);
-                LowPassZ[0] = 0;
             }
 
             UpdateParameter(ref parameter);
@@ -69,5 +69,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.State
             LowPassFeedbackGain = 0.95f * FixedPointHelper.ToFloat(parameter.LowPassAmount, FixedPointPrecision);
             LowPassBaseGain = 1.0f - LowPassFeedbackGain;
         }
+
+        public void UpdateLowPassFilter(ref float tempRawRef, uint channelCount)
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < channelCount; i++)
+            {
+                float lowPassResult = LowPassFeedbackGain * LowPassZ[i] + Unsafe.Add(ref tempRawRef, i) * LowPassBaseGain;
+
+                LowPassZ[i] = lowPassResult;
+                DelayLines[i].Update(lowPassResult);
+            }
+        }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Dsp/State/Reverb3dState.cs

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.State
         public DecayDelay[] DecayDelays1 { get; }
         public DecayDelay[] DecayDelays2 { get; }
         public IDelayLine PreDelayLine { get; }
-        public IDelayLine BackLeftDelayLine { get; }
+        public IDelayLine FrontCenterDelayLine { get; }
         public float DryGain { get; private set; }
         public uint[] EarlyDelayTime { get; private set; }
         public float PreviousPreDelayValue { get; set; }
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.State
             }
 
             PreDelayLine = new DelayLine3d(sampleRate, 400);
-            BackLeftDelayLine = new DelayLine3d(sampleRate, 5);
+            FrontCenterDelayLine = new DelayLine3d(sampleRate, 5);
 
             UpdateParameter(ref parameter);
         }

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Dsp/State/ReverbState.cs

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.State
         public DelayLine[] FdnDelayLines { get; }
         public DecayDelay[] DecayDelays { get; }
         public DelayLine PreDelayLine { get; }
-        public DelayLine BackLeftDelayLine { get; }
+        public DelayLine FrontCenterDelayLine { get; }
         public uint[] EarlyDelayTime { get; }
         public float[] EarlyGain { get; }
         public uint PreDelayLineDelayTime { get; private set; }
@@ -112,12 +112,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.State
 
         private ReadOnlySpan<float> GetFdnDelayTimesByLateMode(ReverbLateMode lateMode)
         {
-            return FdnDelayTimes.AsSpan().Slice((int)lateMode * 4, 4);
+            return FdnDelayTimes.AsSpan((int)lateMode * 4, 4);
         }
 
         private ReadOnlySpan<float> GetDecayDelayTimesByLateMode(ReverbLateMode lateMode)
         {
-            return DecayDelayTimes.AsSpan().Slice((int)lateMode * 4, 4);
+            return DecayDelayTimes.AsSpan((int)lateMode * 4, 4);
         }
 
         public ReverbState(ref ReverbParameter parameter, ulong workBuffer, bool isLongSizePreDelaySupported)
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.State
             }
 
             PreDelayLine = new DelayLine(sampleRate, preDelayTimeMax);
-            BackLeftDelayLine = new DelayLine(sampleRate, 5.0f);
+            FrontCenterDelayLine = new DelayLine(sampleRate, 5.0f);
 
             UpdateParameter(ref parameter);
         }

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/AudioRenderSystem.cs

@@ -363,6 +363,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
                 case 4:
                     _commandProcessingTimeEstimator = new CommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion4(_sampleCount, _mixBufferCount);
                     break;
+                case 5:
+                    _commandProcessingTimeEstimator = new CommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion5(_sampleCount, _mixBufferCount);
+                    break;
                 default:
                     throw new NotImplementedException($"Unsupported processing time estimator version {_behaviourContext.GetCommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion()}.");
             }

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/BehaviourContext.cs

@@ -107,10 +107,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
         /// <remarks>This was added in system update 13.0.0</remarks>
         public const int Revision10 = 10 << 24;
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// REV11:
+        /// The "legacy" effects (Delay, Reverb and Reverb 3D) were updated to match the standard channel mapping used by the audio renderer.
+        /// A new version of the command estimator was added to address timing changes caused by the legacy effects changes.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>This was added in system update 14.0.0</remarks>
+        public const int Revision11 = 11 << 24;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Last revision supported by the implementation.
         /// </summary>
-        public const int LastRevision = Revision10;
+        public const int LastRevision = Revision11;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Target revision magic supported by the implementation.
@@ -366,12 +374,26 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
             return CheckFeatureSupported(UserRevision, BaseRevisionMagic + Revision10);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Check if the audio renderer should support new channel resource mapping for 5.1 on Delay, Reverb and Reverb 3D effects.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>True if the audio renderer support new channel resource mapping for 5.1.</returns>
+        public bool IsNewEffectChannelMappingSupported()
+        {
+            return CheckFeatureSupported(UserRevision, BaseRevisionMagic + Revision11);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Get the version of the <see cref="ICommandProcessingTimeEstimator"/>.
         /// </summary>
         /// <returns>The version of the <see cref="ICommandProcessingTimeEstimator"/>.</returns>
         public int GetCommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion()
         {
+            if (CheckFeatureSupported(UserRevision, BaseRevisionMagic + Revision11))
+            {
+                return 5;
+            }
+
             if (CheckFeatureSupported(UserRevision, BaseRevisionMagic + Revision10))
             {
                 return 4;

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/CommandBuffer.cs

@@ -336,11 +336,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
         /// <param name="workBuffer">The work buffer to use for processing.</param>
         /// <param name="nodeId">The node id associated to this command.</param>
         /// <param name="isLongSizePreDelaySupported">If set to true, the long size pre-delay is supported.</param>
-        public void GenerateReverbEffect(uint bufferOffset, ReverbParameter parameter, Memory<ReverbState> state, bool isEnabled, CpuAddress workBuffer, int nodeId, bool isLongSizePreDelaySupported)
+        /// <param name="newEffectChannelMappingSupported">If set to true, the new effect channel mapping for 5.1 is supported.</param>
+        public void GenerateReverbEffect(uint bufferOffset, ReverbParameter parameter, Memory<ReverbState> state, bool isEnabled, CpuAddress workBuffer, int nodeId, bool isLongSizePreDelaySupported, bool newEffectChannelMappingSupported)
         {
             if (parameter.IsChannelCountValid())
             {
-                ReverbCommand command = new ReverbCommand(bufferOffset, parameter, state, isEnabled, workBuffer, nodeId, isLongSizePreDelaySupported);
+                ReverbCommand command = new ReverbCommand(bufferOffset, parameter, state, isEnabled, workBuffer, nodeId, isLongSizePreDelaySupported, newEffectChannelMappingSupported);
 
                 command.EstimatedProcessingTime = _commandProcessingTimeEstimator.Estimate(command);
 
@@ -357,11 +358,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
         /// <param name="isEnabled">Set to true if the effect should be active.</param>
         /// <param name="workBuffer">The work buffer to use for processing.</param>
         /// <param name="nodeId">The node id associated to this command.</param>
-        public void GenerateReverb3dEffect(uint bufferOffset, Reverb3dParameter parameter, Memory<Reverb3dState> state, bool isEnabled, CpuAddress workBuffer, int nodeId)
+        /// <param name="newEffectChannelMappingSupported">If set to true, the new effect channel mapping for 5.1 is supported.</param>
+        public void GenerateReverb3dEffect(uint bufferOffset, Reverb3dParameter parameter, Memory<Reverb3dState> state, bool isEnabled, CpuAddress workBuffer, int nodeId, bool newEffectChannelMappingSupported)
         {
             if (parameter.IsChannelCountValid())
             {
-                Reverb3dCommand command = new Reverb3dCommand(bufferOffset, parameter, state, isEnabled, workBuffer, nodeId);
+                Reverb3dCommand command = new Reverb3dCommand(bufferOffset, parameter, state, isEnabled, workBuffer, nodeId, newEffectChannelMappingSupported);
 
                 command.EstimatedProcessingTime = _commandProcessingTimeEstimator.Estimate(command);
 
@@ -379,11 +381,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
         /// <param name="isEnabled">Set to true if the effect should be active.</param>
         /// <param name="workBuffer">The work buffer to use for processing.</param>
         /// <param name="nodeId">The node id associated to this command.</param>
-        public void GenerateDelayEffect(uint bufferOffset, DelayParameter parameter, Memory<DelayState> state, bool isEnabled, CpuAddress workBuffer, int nodeId)
+        /// <param name="newEffectChannelMappingSupported">If set to true, the new effect channel mapping for 5.1 is supported.</param>
+        public void GenerateDelayEffect(uint bufferOffset, DelayParameter parameter, Memory<DelayState> state, bool isEnabled, CpuAddress workBuffer, int nodeId, bool newEffectChannelMappingSupported)
         {
             if (parameter.IsChannelCountValid())
             {
-                DelayCommand command = new DelayCommand(bufferOffset, parameter, state, isEnabled, workBuffer, nodeId);
+                DelayCommand command = new DelayCommand(bufferOffset, parameter, state, isEnabled, workBuffer, nodeId, newEffectChannelMappingSupported);
 
                 command.EstimatedProcessingTime = _commandProcessingTimeEstimator.Estimate(command);
 

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/CommandGenerator.cs

@@ -483,31 +483,31 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
             }
         }
 
-        private void GenerateDelayEffect(uint bufferOffset, DelayEffect effect, int nodeId)
+        private void GenerateDelayEffect(uint bufferOffset, DelayEffect effect, int nodeId, bool newEffectChannelMappingSupported)
         {
             Debug.Assert(effect.Type == EffectType.Delay);
 
             ulong workBuffer = effect.GetWorkBuffer(-1);
 
-            _commandBuffer.GenerateDelayEffect(bufferOffset, effect.Parameter, effect.State, effect.IsEnabled, workBuffer, nodeId);
+            _commandBuffer.GenerateDelayEffect(bufferOffset, effect.Parameter, effect.State, effect.IsEnabled, workBuffer, nodeId, newEffectChannelMappingSupported);
         }
 
-        private void GenerateReverbEffect(uint bufferOffset, ReverbEffect effect, int nodeId, bool isLongSizePreDelaySupported)
+        private void GenerateReverbEffect(uint bufferOffset, ReverbEffect effect, int nodeId, bool isLongSizePreDelaySupported, bool newEffectChannelMappingSupported)
         {
             Debug.Assert(effect.Type == EffectType.Reverb);
 
             ulong workBuffer = effect.GetWorkBuffer(-1);
 
-            _commandBuffer.GenerateReverbEffect(bufferOffset, effect.Parameter, effect.State, effect.IsEnabled, workBuffer, nodeId, isLongSizePreDelaySupported);
+            _commandBuffer.GenerateReverbEffect(bufferOffset, effect.Parameter, effect.State, effect.IsEnabled, workBuffer, nodeId, isLongSizePreDelaySupported, newEffectChannelMappingSupported);
         }
 
-        private void GenerateReverb3dEffect(uint bufferOffset, Reverb3dEffect effect, int nodeId)
+        private void GenerateReverb3dEffect(uint bufferOffset, Reverb3dEffect effect, int nodeId, bool newEffectChannelMappingSupported)
         {
             Debug.Assert(effect.Type == EffectType.Reverb3d);
 
             ulong workBuffer = effect.GetWorkBuffer(-1);
 
-            _commandBuffer.GenerateReverb3dEffect(bufferOffset, effect.Parameter, effect.State, effect.IsEnabled, workBuffer, nodeId);
+            _commandBuffer.GenerateReverb3dEffect(bufferOffset, effect.Parameter, effect.State, effect.IsEnabled, workBuffer, nodeId, newEffectChannelMappingSupported);
         }
 
         private void GenerateBiquadFilterEffect(uint bufferOffset, BiquadFilterEffect effect, int nodeId)
@@ -650,13 +650,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
                     GenerateAuxEffect(mix.BufferOffset, (AuxiliaryBufferEffect)effect, nodeId);
                     break;
                 case EffectType.Delay:
-                    GenerateDelayEffect(mix.BufferOffset, (DelayEffect)effect, nodeId);
+                    GenerateDelayEffect(mix.BufferOffset, (DelayEffect)effect, nodeId, _rendererContext.BehaviourContext.IsNewEffectChannelMappingSupported());
                     break;
                 case EffectType.Reverb:
-                    GenerateReverbEffect(mix.BufferOffset, (ReverbEffect)effect, nodeId, mix.IsLongSizePreDelaySupported);
+                    GenerateReverbEffect(mix.BufferOffset, (ReverbEffect)effect, nodeId, mix.IsLongSizePreDelaySupported, _rendererContext.BehaviourContext.IsNewEffectChannelMappingSupported());
                     break;
                 case EffectType.Reverb3d:
-                    GenerateReverb3dEffect(mix.BufferOffset, (Reverb3dEffect)effect, nodeId);
+                    GenerateReverb3dEffect(mix.BufferOffset, (Reverb3dEffect)effect, nodeId, _rendererContext.BehaviourContext.IsNewEffectChannelMappingSupported());
                     break;
                 case EffectType.BiquadFilter:
                     GenerateBiquadFilterEffect(mix.BufferOffset, (BiquadFilterEffect)effect, nodeId);

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/CommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion3.cs

@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
             return (uint)1853.2f;
         }
 
-        public uint Estimate(DelayCommand command)
+        public virtual uint Estimate(DelayCommand command)
         {
             Debug.Assert(_sampleCount == 160 || _sampleCount == 240);
 
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
             }
         }
 
-        public uint Estimate(ReverbCommand command)
+        public virtual uint Estimate(ReverbCommand command)
         {
             Debug.Assert(_sampleCount == 160 || _sampleCount == 240);
 
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
             }
         }
 
-        public uint Estimate(Reverb3dCommand command)
+        public virtual uint Estimate(Reverb3dCommand command)
         {
             Debug.Assert(_sampleCount == 160 || _sampleCount == 240);
 

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/CommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion5.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2019-2022 Ryujinx
+//
+// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+
+using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command;
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// <see cref="ICommandProcessingTimeEstimator"/> version 5. (added with REV11)
+    /// </summary>
+    public class CommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion5 : CommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion4
+    {
+        public CommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion5(uint sampleCount, uint bufferCount) : base(sampleCount, bufferCount) { }
+
+        public override uint Estimate(DelayCommand command)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(_sampleCount == 160 || _sampleCount == 240);
+
+            if (_sampleCount == 160)
+            {
+                if (command.Enabled)
+                {
+                    switch (command.Parameter.ChannelCount)
+                    {
+                        case 1:
+                            return 8929;
+                        case 2:
+                            return 25501;
+                        case 4:
+                            return 47760;
+                        case 6:
+                            return 82203;
+                        default:
+                            throw new NotImplementedException($"{command.Parameter.ChannelCount}");
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    switch (command.Parameter.ChannelCount)
+                    {
+                        case 1:
+                            return (uint)1295.20f;
+                        case 2:
+                            return (uint)1213.60f;
+                        case 4:
+                            return (uint)942.03f;
+                        case 6:
+                            return (uint)1001.6f;
+                        default:
+                            throw new NotImplementedException($"{command.Parameter.ChannelCount}");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (command.Enabled)
+            {
+                switch (command.Parameter.ChannelCount)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                        return 11941;
+                    case 2:
+                        return 37197;
+                    case 4:
+                        return 69750;
+                    case 6:
+                        return 12004;
+                    default:
+                        throw new NotImplementedException($"{command.Parameter.ChannelCount}");
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                switch (command.Parameter.ChannelCount)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                        return (uint)997.67f;
+                    case 2:
+                        return (uint)977.63f;
+                    case 4:
+                        return (uint)792.31f;
+                    case 6:
+                        return (uint)875.43f;
+                    default:
+                        throw new NotImplementedException($"{command.Parameter.ChannelCount}");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override uint Estimate(ReverbCommand command)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(_sampleCount == 160 || _sampleCount == 240);
+
+            if (_sampleCount == 160)
+            {
+                if (command.Enabled)
+                {
+                    switch (command.Parameter.ChannelCount)
+                    {
+                        case 1:
+                            return 81475;
+                        case 2:
+                            return 84975;
+                        case 4:
+                            return 91625;
+                        case 6:
+                            return 95332;
+                        default:
+                            throw new NotImplementedException($"{command.Parameter.ChannelCount}");
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    switch (command.Parameter.ChannelCount)
+                    {
+                        case 1:
+                            return (uint)536.30f;
+                        case 2:
+                            return (uint)588.80f;
+                        case 4:
+                            return (uint)643.70f;
+                        case 6:
+                            return (uint)706.0f;
+                        default:
+                            throw new NotImplementedException($"{command.Parameter.ChannelCount}");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (command.Enabled)
+            {
+                switch (command.Parameter.ChannelCount)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                        return 120170;
+                    case 2:
+                        return 125260;
+                    case 4:
+                        return 135750;
+                    case 6:
+                        return 141130;
+                    default:
+                        throw new NotImplementedException($"{command.Parameter.ChannelCount}");
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                switch (command.Parameter.ChannelCount)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                        return (uint)617.64f;
+                    case 2:
+                        return (uint)659.54f;
+                    case 4:
+                        return (uint)711.44f;
+                    case 6:
+                        return (uint)778.07f;
+                    default:
+                        throw new NotImplementedException($"{command.Parameter.ChannelCount}");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override uint Estimate(Reverb3dCommand command)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(_sampleCount == 160 || _sampleCount == 240);
+
+            if (_sampleCount == 160)
+            {
+                if (command.Enabled)
+                {
+                    switch (command.Parameter.ChannelCount)
+                    {
+                        case 1:
+                            return 116750;
+                        case 2:
+                            return 125910;
+                        case 4:
+                            return 146340;
+                        case 6:
+                            return 165810;
+                        default:
+                            throw new NotImplementedException($"{command.Parameter.ChannelCount}");
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    switch (command.Parameter.ChannelCount)
+                    {
+                        case 1:
+                            return 735;
+                        case 2:
+                            return (uint)766.62f;
+                        case 4:
+                            return (uint)834.07f;
+                        case 6:
+                            return (uint)875.44f;
+                        default:
+                            throw new NotImplementedException($"{command.Parameter.ChannelCount}");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (command.Enabled)
+            {
+                switch (command.Parameter.ChannelCount)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                        return 170290;
+                    case 2:
+                        return 183880;
+                    case 4:
+                        return 214700;
+                    case 6:
+                        return 243850;
+                    default:
+                        throw new NotImplementedException($"{command.Parameter.ChannelCount}");
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                switch (command.Parameter.ChannelCount)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                        return (uint)508.47f;
+                    case 2:
+                        return (uint)582.45f;
+                    case 4:
+                        return (uint)626.42f;
+                    case 6:
+                        return (uint)682.47f;
+                    default:
+                        throw new NotImplementedException($"{command.Parameter.ChannelCount}");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/Performance/PerformanceManagerGeneric.cs

@@ -149,11 +149,21 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server.Performance
 
                 Span<byte> targetSpan = performanceOutput.Slice(nextOffset);
 
+                // NOTE: We check for the space for two headers for the final blank header.
+                int requiredSpace = Unsafe.SizeOf<THeader>() + Unsafe.SizeOf<TEntry>() * inputHeader.GetEntryCount()
+                                                             + Unsafe.SizeOf<TEntryDetail>() * inputHeader.GetEntryDetailCount()
+                                                             + Unsafe.SizeOf<THeader>();
+
+                if (targetSpan.Length < requiredSpace)
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+
                 ref THeader outputHeader = ref MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, THeader>(targetSpan)[0];
 
                 nextOffset += Unsafe.SizeOf<THeader>();
 
-                Span<TEntry> outputEntries = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, TEntry>(targetSpan.Slice(nextOffset));
+                Span<TEntry> outputEntries = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, TEntry>(performanceOutput.Slice(nextOffset));
 
                 int totalProcessingTime = 0;
 
@@ -175,7 +185,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server.Performance
                     }
                 }
 
-                Span<TEntryDetail> outputEntriesDetail = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, TEntryDetail>(targetSpan.Slice(nextOffset));
+                Span<TEntryDetail> outputEntriesDetail = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, TEntryDetail>(performanceOutput.Slice(nextOffset));
 
                 int effectiveEntryDetailCount = 0;
 

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/Voice/VoiceState.cs

@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server.Voice
 
             for (int i = 0; i < Constants.VoiceWaveBufferCount; i++)
             {
-                UpdateWaveBuffer(errorInfos.AsSpan().Slice(i * 2, 2), ref WaveBuffers[i], ref parameter.WaveBuffers[i], parameter.SampleFormat, voiceUpdateState.IsWaveBufferValid[i], ref mapper, ref behaviourContext);
+                UpdateWaveBuffer(errorInfos.AsSpan(i * 2, 2), ref WaveBuffers[i], ref parameter.WaveBuffers[i], parameter.SampleFormat, voiceUpdateState.IsWaveBufferValid[i], ref mapper, ref behaviourContext);
             }
         }
 

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Utils/Math/Matrix2x2.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Utils.Math
+{
+    record struct Matrix2x2
+    {
+        public float M11;
+        public float M12;
+        public float M21;
+        public float M22;
+
+        public Matrix2x2(float m11, float m12,
+                         float m21, float m22)
+        {
+            M11 = m11;
+            M12 = m12;
+
+            M21 = m21;
+            M22 = m22;
+        }
+
+        public static Matrix2x2 operator +(Matrix2x2 value1, Matrix2x2 value2)
+        {
+            Matrix2x2 m;
+
+            m.M11 = value1.M11 + value2.M11;
+            m.M12 = value1.M12 + value2.M12;
+            m.M21 = value1.M21 + value2.M21;
+            m.M22 = value1.M22 + value2.M22;
+
+            return m;
+        }
+
+        public static Matrix2x2 operator -(Matrix2x2 value1, float value2)
+        {
+            Matrix2x2 m;
+
+            m.M11 = value1.M11 - value2;
+            m.M12 = value1.M12 - value2;
+            m.M21 = value1.M21 - value2;
+            m.M22 = value1.M22 - value2;
+
+            return m;
+        }
+
+        public static Matrix2x2 operator *(Matrix2x2 value1, float value2)
+        {
+            Matrix2x2 m;
+
+            m.M11 = value1.M11 * value2;
+            m.M12 = value1.M12 * value2;
+            m.M21 = value1.M21 * value2;
+            m.M22 = value1.M22 * value2;
+
+            return m;
+        }
+
+        public static Matrix2x2 operator *(Matrix2x2 value1, Matrix2x2 value2)
+        {
+            Matrix2x2 m;
+
+            // First row
+            m.M11 = value1.M11 * value2.M11 + value1.M12 * value2.M21;
+            m.M12 = value1.M11 * value2.M12 + value1.M12 * value2.M22;
+
+            // Second row
+            m.M21 = value1.M21 * value2.M11 + value1.M22 * value2.M21;
+            m.M22 = value1.M21 * value2.M12 + value1.M22 * value2.M22;
+
+            return m;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Utils/Math/Matrix6x6.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Utils.Math
+{
+    record struct Matrix6x6
+    {
+        public float M11;
+        public float M12;
+        public float M13;
+        public float M14;
+        public float M15;
+        public float M16;
+
+        public float M21;
+        public float M22;
+        public float M23;
+        public float M24;
+        public float M25;
+        public float M26;
+
+        public float M31;
+        public float M32;
+        public float M33;
+        public float M34;
+        public float M35;
+        public float M36;
+
+        public float M41;
+        public float M42;
+        public float M43;
+        public float M44;
+        public float M45;
+        public float M46;
+
+        public float M51;
+        public float M52;
+        public float M53;
+        public float M54;
+        public float M55;
+        public float M56;
+
+        public float M61;
+        public float M62;
+        public float M63;
+        public float M64;
+        public float M65;
+        public float M66;
+
+        public Matrix6x6(float m11, float m12, float m13, float m14, float m15, float m16,
+                         float m21, float m22, float m23, float m24, float m25, float m26,
+                         float m31, float m32, float m33, float m34, float m35, float m36,
+                         float m41, float m42, float m43, float m44, float m45, float m46,
+                         float m51, float m52, float m53, float m54, float m55, float m56,
+                         float m61, float m62, float m63, float m64, float m65, float m66)
+        {
+            M11 = m11;
+            M12 = m12;
+            M13 = m13;
+            M14 = m14;
+            M15 = m15;
+            M16 = m16;
+
+            M21 = m21;
+            M22 = m22;
+            M23 = m23;
+            M24 = m24;
+            M25 = m25;
+            M26 = m26;
+
+            M31 = m31;
+            M32 = m32;
+            M33 = m33;
+            M34 = m34;
+            M35 = m35;
+            M36 = m36;
+
+            M41 = m41;
+            M42 = m42;
+            M43 = m43;
+            M44 = m44;
+            M45 = m45;
+            M46 = m46;
+
+            M51 = m51;
+            M52 = m52;
+            M53 = m53;
+            M54 = m54;
+            M55 = m55;
+            M56 = m56;
+
+            M61 = m61;
+            M62 = m62;
+            M63 = m63;
+            M64 = m64;
+            M65 = m65;
+            M66 = m66;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Utils/Math/MatrixHelper.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Utils.Math;
+using System.Numerics;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp
+{
+    static class MatrixHelper
+    {
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static Vector6 Transform(ref Vector6 value1, ref Matrix6x6 value2)
+        {
+            return new Vector6
+            {
+                X = value2.M11 * value1.X + value2.M12 * value1.Y + value2.M13 * value1.Z + value2.M14 * value1.W + value2.M15 * value1.V + value2.M16 * value1.U,
+                Y = value2.M21 * value1.X + value2.M22 * value1.Y + value2.M23 * value1.Z + value2.M24 * value1.W + value2.M25 * value1.V + value2.M26 * value1.U,
+                Z = value2.M31 * value1.X + value2.M32 * value1.Y + value2.M33 * value1.Z + value2.M34 * value1.W + value2.M35 * value1.V + value2.M36 * value1.U,
+                W = value2.M41 * value1.X + value2.M42 * value1.Y + value2.M43 * value1.Z + value2.M44 * value1.W + value2.M45 * value1.V + value2.M46 * value1.U,
+                V = value2.M51 * value1.X + value2.M52 * value1.Y + value2.M53 * value1.Z + value2.M54 * value1.W + value2.M55 * value1.V + value2.M56 * value1.U,
+                U = value2.M61 * value1.X + value2.M62 * value1.Y + value2.M63 * value1.Z + value2.M64 * value1.W + value2.M65 * value1.V + value2.M66 * value1.U,
+            };
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static Vector4 Transform(ref Vector4 value1, ref Matrix4x4 value2)
+        {
+            return new Vector4
+            {
+                X = value2.M11 * value1.X + value2.M12 * value1.Y + value2.M13 * value1.Z + value2.M14 * value1.W,
+                Y = value2.M21 * value1.X + value2.M22 * value1.Y + value2.M23 * value1.Z + value2.M24 * value1.W,
+                Z = value2.M31 * value1.X + value2.M32 * value1.Y + value2.M33 * value1.Z + value2.M34 * value1.W,
+                W = value2.M41 * value1.X + value2.M42 * value1.Y + value2.M43 * value1.Z + value2.M44 * value1.W
+            };
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static Vector2 Transform(ref Vector2 value1, ref Matrix2x2 value2)
+        {
+            return new Vector2
+            {
+                X = value2.M11 * value1.X + value2.M12 * value1.Y,
+                Y = value2.M21 * value1.X + value2.M22 * value1.Y,
+            };
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Utils/Math/Vector6.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Utils.Math
+{
+    record struct Vector6
+    {
+        public float X;
+        public float Y;
+        public float Z;
+        public float W;
+        public float V;
+        public float U;
+
+        public Vector6(float value) : this(value, value, value, value, value, value)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public Vector6(float x, float y, float z, float w, float v, float u)
+        {
+            X = x;
+            Y = y;
+            Z = z;
+            W = w;
+            V = v;
+            U = u;
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static Vector6 operator +(Vector6 left, Vector6 right)
+        {
+            return new Vector6(left.X + right.X,
+                               left.Y + right.Y,
+                               left.Z + right.Z,
+                               left.W + right.W,
+                               left.V + right.V,
+                               left.U + right.U);
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static Vector6 operator *(Vector6 left, Vector6 right)
+        {
+            return new Vector6(left.X * right.X,
+                               left.Y * right.Y,
+                               left.Z * right.Z,
+                               left.W * right.W,
+                               left.V * right.V,
+                               left.U * right.U);
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static Vector6 operator *(Vector6 left, float right)
+        {
+            return left * new Vector6(right);
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Common/Collections/IntervalTree.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
 using System.Linq;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
@@ -212,7 +210,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
         /// <param name="overlaps">Overlaps array to place results in</param>
         /// <param name="overlapCount">Overlaps count to update</param>
         private void GetValues(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node, K start, K end, ref V[] overlaps, ref int overlapCount)
-        {   
+        {
             if (node == null || start.CompareTo(node.Max) >= 0)
             {
                 return;
@@ -624,7 +622,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
                 node.Right = LeftOf(right);
                 if (node.Right != null)
                 {
-                    node.Right.Parent = node; 
+                    node.Right.Parent = node;
                 }
                 IntervalTreeNode<K, V> nodeParent = ParentOf(node);
                 right.Parent = nodeParent;
@@ -638,7 +636,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    nodeParent.Right = right; 
+                    nodeParent.Right = right;
                 }
                 right.Left = node;
                 node.Parent = right;
@@ -779,37 +777,37 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
     /// </summary>
     /// <typeparam name="K">Key type of the node</typeparam>
     /// <typeparam name="V">Value type of the node</typeparam>
-    internal class IntervalTreeNode<K, V>
+    class IntervalTreeNode<K, V>
     {
-        internal bool Color = true;
-        internal IntervalTreeNode<K, V> Left = null;
-        internal IntervalTreeNode<K, V> Right = null;
-        internal IntervalTreeNode<K, V> Parent = null;
+        public bool Color = true;
+        public IntervalTreeNode<K, V> Left = null;
+        public IntervalTreeNode<K, V> Right = null;
+        public IntervalTreeNode<K, V> Parent = null;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The start of the range.
         /// </summary>
-        internal K Start;
+        public K Start;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The end of the range - maximum of all in the Values list.
         /// </summary>
-        internal K End;
+        public K End;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The maximum end value of this node and all its children.
         /// </summary>
-        internal K Max;
+        public K Max;
 
-        internal List<RangeNode<K, V>> Values;
+        public List<RangeNode<K, V>> Values;
 
         public IntervalTreeNode(K start, K end, V value, IntervalTreeNode<K, V> parent)
         {
-            this.Start = start;
-            this.End = end;
-            this.Max = end;
-            this.Values = new List<RangeNode<K, V>> { new RangeNode<K, V>(start, end, value) };
-            this.Parent = parent;
+            Start = start;
+            End = end;
+            Max = end;
+            Values = new List<RangeNode<K, V>> { new RangeNode<K, V>(start, end, value) };
+            Parent = parent;
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Common/Collections/TreeDictionary.cs

@@ -921,10 +921,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
 
         public bool IsReadOnly => false;
 
-        public V this[K key] 
-        { 
+        public V this[K key]
+        {
             get => Get(key);
-            set => Add(key, value); 
+            set => Add(key, value);
         }
 
         #endregion
@@ -967,20 +967,20 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
     /// </summary>
     /// <typeparam name="K">Key of the node</typeparam>
     /// <typeparam name="V">Value of the node</typeparam>
-    internal class Node<K, V>
+    class Node<K, V>
     {
-        internal bool Color = true;
-        internal Node<K, V> Left = null;
-        internal Node<K, V> Right = null;
-        internal Node<K, V> Parent = null;
-        internal K Key;
-        internal V Value;
+        public bool Color = true;
+        public Node<K, V> Left = null;
+        public Node<K, V> Right = null;
+        public Node<K, V> Parent = null;
+        public K Key;
+        public V Value;
 
         public Node(K key, V value, Node<K, V> parent)
         {
-            this.Key = key;
-            this.Value = value;
-            this.Parent = parent;
+            Key = key;
+            Value = value;
+            Parent = parent;
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/AppDataManager.cs

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration
         private const string DefaultModsDir = "mods";
 
         public static string CustomModsPath { get; set; }
+        public static string CustomSdModsPath {get; set; }
         public static string CustomNandPath { get; set; } // TODO: Actually implement this into VFS
         public static string CustomSdCardPath { get; set; } // TODO: Actually implement this into VFS
 
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration
             Directory.CreateDirectory(KeysDirPath = Path.Combine(BaseDirPath, KeysDir));
         }
 
-        public static string GetModsPath() => CustomModsPath ?? Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.Combine(BaseDirPath, DefaultModsDir)).FullName;
+        public static string GetModsPath()   => CustomModsPath ?? Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.Combine(BaseDirPath, DefaultModsDir)).FullName;
+        public static string GetSdModsPath() => CustomSdModsPath ?? Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.Combine(BaseDirPath, DefaultSdcardDir, "atmosphere")).FullName;
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/Hid/Controller/JoyconConfigControllerStick.cs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
         public Stick Joystick { get; set; }
         public bool InvertStickX { get; set; }
         public bool InvertStickY { get; set; }
+        public bool Rotate90CW { get; set; }
         public Button StickButton { get; set; }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Common/Logging/LogClass.cs

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Logging
         ServiceNim,
         ServiceNs,
         ServiceNsd,
+        ServiceNtc,
         ServiceNv,
         ServiceOlsc,
         ServicePctl,

Ryujinx.Common/ReactiveObject.cs

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common
 
                 _readerWriterLock.ReleaseWriterLock();
 
-                if (!oldIsInitialized || !oldValue.Equals(_value))
+                if (!oldIsInitialized || oldValue == null || !oldValue.Equals(_value))
                 {
                     Event?.Invoke(this, new ReactiveEventArgs<T>(oldValue, value));
                 }

Ryujinx.Common/ReleaseInformations.cs

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
-using System.Reflection;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration;
+using System;
+using System.Reflection;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Common
 {
     // DO NOT EDIT, filled by CI
     public static class ReleaseInformations
     {
+        private const string FlatHubChannelOwner = "flathub";
+
         public static string BuildVersion = "%%RYUJINX_BUILD_VERSION%%";
         public static string BuildGitHash = "%%RYUJINX_BUILD_GIT_HASH%%";
         public static string ReleaseChannelName = "%%RYUJINX_TARGET_RELEASE_CHANNEL_NAME%%";
@@ -19,6 +23,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common
                    !ReleaseChannelRepo.StartsWith("%%");
         }
 
+        public static bool IsFlatHubBuild()
+        {
+            return IsValid() && ReleaseChannelOwner.Equals(FlatHubChannelOwner);
+        }
+
         public static string GetVersion()
         {
             if (IsValid())
@@ -30,5 +39,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common
                 return Assembly.GetEntryAssembly().GetCustomAttribute<AssemblyInformationalVersionAttribute>().InformationalVersion;
             }
         }
+
+        public static string GetBaseApplicationDirectory()
+        {
+            if (IsFlatHubBuild())
+            {
+                return AppDataManager.BaseDirPath;
+            }
+
+            return AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory;
+        }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Common/System/ForceDpiAware.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using System;
 using System.Drawing;
+using System.Globalization;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Runtime.Versioning;
 
@@ -11,6 +12,23 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.System
         [DllImport("user32.dll")]
         private static extern bool SetProcessDPIAware();
 
+        private const string X11LibraryName = "libX11.so.6";
+
+        [DllImport(X11LibraryName)]
+        private static extern IntPtr XOpenDisplay(string display);
+
+        [DllImport(X11LibraryName)]
+        private static extern IntPtr XGetDefault(IntPtr display, string program, string option);
+
+        [DllImport(X11LibraryName)]
+        private static extern int XDisplayWidth(IntPtr display, int screenNumber);
+
+        [DllImport(X11LibraryName)]
+        private static extern int XDisplayWidthMM(IntPtr display, int screenNumber);
+
+        [DllImport(X11LibraryName)]
+        private static extern int XCloseDisplay(IntPtr display);
+
         private static readonly double _standardDpiScale = 96.0;
         private static readonly double _maxScaleFactor   = 1.25;
 
@@ -36,9 +54,29 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.System
                 {
                     userDpiScale = Graphics.FromHwnd(IntPtr.Zero).DpiX;
                 }
-                else
+                else if (OperatingSystem.IsLinux())
                 {
-                    // TODO: Linux support
+                    string xdgSessionType = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("XDG_SESSION_TYPE")?.ToLower();
+
+                    if (xdgSessionType == null || xdgSessionType == "x11")
+                    {
+                        IntPtr display = XOpenDisplay(null);
+                        string dpiString = Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi(XGetDefault(display, "Xft", "dpi"));
+                        if (dpiString == null || !double.TryParse(dpiString, NumberStyles.Any, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out userDpiScale))
+                        {
+                            userDpiScale = (double)XDisplayWidth(display, 0) * 25.4 / (double)XDisplayWidthMM(display, 0);
+                        }
+                        XCloseDisplay(display);
+                    }
+                    else if (xdgSessionType == "wayland")
+                    {
+                        // TODO
+                        Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Couldn't determine monitor DPI: Wayland not yet supported");
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Couldn't determine monitor DPI: Unrecognised XDG_SESSION_TYPE: {xdgSessionType}");
+                    }
                 }
             }
             catch (Exception e)

Ryujinx.Common/Utilities/BitUtils.cs

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 using System;
+using System.Numerics;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Common
 {
     public static class BitUtils
     {
-        private static ReadOnlySpan<byte> ClzNibbleTbl => new byte[] { 4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
-
         public static uint AlignUp(uint value, int size)
         {
             return (uint)AlignUp((int)value, size);
@@ -76,60 +75,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common
 
         public static int Pow2RoundDown(int value)
         {
-            return IsPowerOfTwo32(value) ? value : Pow2RoundUp(value) >> 1;
-        }
-
-        public static bool IsPowerOfTwo32(int value)
-        {
-            return value != 0 && (value & (value - 1)) == 0;
-        }
-
-        public static bool IsPowerOfTwo64(long value)
-        {
-            return value != 0 && (value & (value - 1)) == 0;
-        }
-
-        public static int CountLeadingZeros32(int value)
-        {
-            return (int)CountLeadingZeros((ulong)value, 32);
-        }
-
-        public static int CountLeadingZeros64(long value)
-        {
-            return (int)CountLeadingZeros((ulong)value, 64);
-        }
-
-        private static ulong CountLeadingZeros(ulong value, int size)
-        {
-            if (value == 0ul)
-            {
-                return (ulong)size;
-            }
-
-            int nibbleIdx = size;
-            int preCount, count = 0;
-
-            do
-            {
-                nibbleIdx -= 4;
-                preCount = ClzNibbleTbl[(int)(value >> nibbleIdx) & 0b1111];
-                count += preCount;
-            }
-            while (preCount == 4);
-
-            return (ulong)count;
-        }
-
-        public static int CountTrailingZeros32(int value)
-        {
-            int count = 0;
-
-            while (((value >> count) & 1) == 0)
-            {
-                count++;
-            }
-
-            return count;
+            return BitOperations.IsPow2(value) ? value : Pow2RoundUp(value) >> 1;
         }
 
         public static long ReverseBits64(long value)

Ryujinx.Cpu/CpuContext.cs

@@ -28,5 +28,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
         {
             _translator.Execute(context, address);
         }
+
+        public void InvalidateCacheRegion(ulong address, ulong size)
+        {
+            _translator.InvalidateJitCacheRegion(address, size);
+        }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Cpu/MemoryEhMeilleure.cs

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
             _baseAddress = (ulong)_addressSpace.Pointer;
             ulong endAddress = _baseAddress + addressSpace.Size;
 
-            _trackingEvent = new TrackingEventDelegate(tracking.VirtualMemoryEvent);
+            _trackingEvent = new TrackingEventDelegate(tracking.VirtualMemoryEventEh);
             bool added = NativeSignalHandler.AddTrackedRegion((nuint)_baseAddress, (nuint)endAddress, Marshal.GetFunctionPointerForDelegate(_trackingEvent));
 
             if (!added)

Ryujinx.Cpu/MemoryManager.cs

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
 
         private const int PointerTagBit = 62;
 
+        private readonly MemoryBlock _backingMemory;
         private readonly InvalidAccessHandler _invalidAccessHandler;
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -50,10 +51,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
         /// <summary>
         /// Creates a new instance of the memory manager.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="backingMemory">Physical backing memory where virtual memory will be mapped to</param>
         /// <param name="addressSpaceSize">Size of the address space</param>
         /// <param name="invalidAccessHandler">Optional function to handle invalid memory accesses</param>
-        public MemoryManager(ulong addressSpaceSize, InvalidAccessHandler invalidAccessHandler = null)
+        public MemoryManager(MemoryBlock backingMemory, ulong addressSpaceSize, InvalidAccessHandler invalidAccessHandler = null)
         {
+            _backingMemory = backingMemory;
             _invalidAccessHandler = invalidAccessHandler;
 
             ulong asSize = PageSize;
@@ -73,18 +76,19 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public void Map(ulong va, nuint hostAddress, ulong size)
+        public void Map(ulong va, ulong pa, ulong size)
         {
             AssertValidAddressAndSize(va, size);
 
             ulong remainingSize = size;
             ulong oVa = va;
+            ulong oPa = pa;
             while (remainingSize != 0)
             {
-                _pageTable.Write((va / PageSize) * PteSize, hostAddress);
+                _pageTable.Write((va / PageSize) * PteSize, PaToPte(pa));
 
                 va += PageSize;
-                hostAddress += PageSize;
+                pa += PageSize;
                 remainingSize -= PageSize;
             }
             Tracking.Map(oVa, size);
@@ -107,7 +111,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
             ulong remainingSize = size;
             while (remainingSize != 0)
             {
-                _pageTable.Write((va / PageSize) * PteSize, (nuint)0);
+                _pageTable.Write((va / PageSize) * PteSize, 0UL);
 
                 va += PageSize;
                 remainingSize -= PageSize;
@@ -123,8 +127,21 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         public T ReadTracked<T>(ulong va) where T : unmanaged
         {
-            SignalMemoryTracking(va, (ulong)Unsafe.SizeOf<T>(), false);
-            return MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, T>(GetSpan(va, Unsafe.SizeOf<T>()))[0];
+            try
+            {
+                SignalMemoryTracking(va, (ulong)Unsafe.SizeOf<T>(), false);
+
+                return Read<T>(va);
+            }
+            catch (InvalidMemoryRegionException)
+            {
+                if (_invalidAccessHandler == null || !_invalidAccessHandler(va))
+                {
+                    throw;
+                }
+
+                return default;
+            }
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
@@ -177,7 +194,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
 
                 if (IsContiguousAndMapped(va, data.Length))
                 {
-                    data.CopyTo(GetHostSpanContiguous(va, data.Length));
+                    data.CopyTo(_backingMemory.GetSpan(GetPhysicalAddressInternal(va), data.Length));
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -185,18 +202,22 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
 
                     if ((va & PageMask) != 0)
                     {
+                        ulong pa = GetPhysicalAddressInternal(va);
+
                         size = Math.Min(data.Length, PageSize - (int)(va & PageMask));
 
-                        data.Slice(0, size).CopyTo(GetHostSpanContiguous(va, size));
+                        data.Slice(0, size).CopyTo(_backingMemory.GetSpan(pa, size));
 
                         offset += size;
                     }
 
                     for (; offset < data.Length; offset += size)
                     {
+                        ulong pa = GetPhysicalAddressInternal(va + (ulong)offset);
+
                         size = Math.Min(data.Length - offset, PageSize);
 
-                        data.Slice(offset, size).CopyTo(GetHostSpanContiguous(va + (ulong)offset, size));
+                        data.Slice(offset, size).CopyTo(_backingMemory.GetSpan(pa, size));
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -224,7 +245,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
 
             if (IsContiguousAndMapped(va, size))
             {
-                return GetHostSpanContiguous(va, size);
+                return _backingMemory.GetSpan(GetPhysicalAddressInternal(va), size);
             }
             else
             {
@@ -251,7 +272,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
                     SignalMemoryTracking(va, (ulong)size, true);
                 }
 
-                return new WritableRegion(null, va, new NativeMemoryManager<byte>((byte*)GetHostAddress(va), size).Memory);
+                return new WritableRegion(null, va, _backingMemory.GetMemory(GetPhysicalAddressInternal(va), size));
             }
             else
             {
@@ -264,7 +285,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public unsafe ref T GetRef<T>(ulong va) where T : unmanaged
+        public ref T GetRef<T>(ulong va) where T : unmanaged
         {
             if (!IsContiguous(va, Unsafe.SizeOf<T>()))
             {
@@ -273,7 +294,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
 
             SignalMemoryTracking(va, (ulong)Unsafe.SizeOf<T>(), true);
 
-            return ref *(T*)GetHostAddress(va);
+            return ref _backingMemory.GetRef<T>(GetPhysicalAddressInternal(va));
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -293,7 +314,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
             return (int)(vaSpan / PageSize);
         }
 
-        private void ThrowMemoryNotContiguous() => throw new MemoryNotContiguousException();
+        private static void ThrowMemoryNotContiguous() => throw new MemoryNotContiguousException();
 
         [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
         private bool IsContiguousAndMapped(ulong va, int size) => IsContiguous(va, size) && IsMapped(va);
@@ -315,7 +336,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
                     return false;
                 }
 
-                if (GetHostAddress(va) + PageSize != GetHostAddress(va + PageSize))
+                if (GetPhysicalAddressInternal(va) + PageSize != GetPhysicalAddressInternal(va + PageSize))
                 {
                     return false;
                 }
@@ -327,11 +348,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public IEnumerable<HostMemoryRange> GetPhysicalRegions(ulong va, ulong size)
+        public IEnumerable<MemoryRange> GetPhysicalRegions(ulong va, ulong size)
         {
             if (size == 0)
             {
-                return Enumerable.Empty<HostMemoryRange>();
+                return Enumerable.Empty<MemoryRange>();
             }
 
             if (!ValidateAddress(va) || !ValidateAddressAndSize(va, size))
@@ -341,9 +362,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
 
             int pages = GetPagesCount(va, (uint)size, out va);
 
-            var regions = new List<HostMemoryRange>();
+            var regions = new List<MemoryRange>();
 
-            nuint regionStart = GetHostAddress(va);
+            ulong regionStart = GetPhysicalAddressInternal(va);
             ulong regionSize = PageSize;
 
             for (int page = 0; page < pages - 1; page++)
@@ -353,12 +374,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
                     return null;
                 }
 
-                nuint newHostAddress = GetHostAddress(va + PageSize);
+                ulong newPa = GetPhysicalAddressInternal(va + PageSize);
 
-                if (GetHostAddress(va) + PageSize != newHostAddress)
+                if (GetPhysicalAddressInternal(va) + PageSize != newPa)
                 {
-                    regions.Add(new HostMemoryRange(regionStart, regionSize));
-                    regionStart = newHostAddress;
+                    regions.Add(new MemoryRange(regionStart, regionSize));
+                    regionStart = newPa;
                     regionSize = 0;
                 }
 
@@ -366,7 +387,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
                 regionSize += PageSize;
             }
 
-            regions.Add(new HostMemoryRange(regionStart, regionSize));
+            regions.Add(new MemoryRange(regionStart, regionSize));
 
             return regions;
         }
@@ -386,18 +407,22 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
 
                 if ((va & PageMask) != 0)
                 {
+                    ulong pa = GetPhysicalAddressInternal(va);
+
                     size = Math.Min(data.Length, PageSize - (int)(va & PageMask));
 
-                    GetHostSpanContiguous(va, size).CopyTo(data.Slice(0, size));
+                    _backingMemory.GetSpan(pa, size).CopyTo(data.Slice(0, size));
 
                     offset += size;
                 }
 
                 for (; offset < data.Length; offset += size)
                 {
+                    ulong pa = GetPhysicalAddressInternal(va + (ulong)offset);
+
                     size = Math.Min(data.Length - offset, PageSize);
 
-                    GetHostSpanContiguous(va + (ulong)offset, size).CopyTo(data.Slice(offset, size));
+                    _backingMemory.GetSpan(pa, size).CopyTo(data.Slice(offset, size));
                 }
             }
             catch (InvalidMemoryRegionException)
@@ -446,7 +471,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
                 return false;
             }
 
-            return _pageTable.Read<nuint>((va / PageSize) * PteSize) != 0;
+            return _pageTable.Read<ulong>((va / PageSize) * PteSize) != 0;
         }
 
         private bool ValidateAddress(ulong va)
@@ -480,37 +505,20 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
             }
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Get a span representing the given virtual address and size range in host memory.
-        /// This function assumes that the requested virtual memory region is contiguous.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="va">Virtual address of the range</param>
-        /// <param name="size">Size of the range in bytes</param>
-        /// <returns>A span representing the given virtual range in host memory</returns>
-        /// <exception cref="InvalidMemoryRegionException">Throw when the base virtual address is not mapped</exception>
-        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
-        private unsafe Span<byte> GetHostSpanContiguous(ulong va, int size)
+        private ulong GetPhysicalAddress(ulong va)
         {
-            return new Span<byte>((void*)GetHostAddress(va), size);
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Get the host address for a given virtual address, using the page table.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="va">Virtual address</param>
-        /// <returns>The corresponding host address for the given virtual address</returns>
-        /// <exception cref="InvalidMemoryRegionException">Throw when the virtual address is not mapped</exception>
-        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
-        private nuint GetHostAddress(ulong va)
-        {
-            nuint pageBase = _pageTable.Read<nuint>((va / PageSize) * PteSize) & unchecked((nuint)0xffff_ffff_ffffUL);
-
-            if (pageBase == 0)
+            // We return -1L if the virtual address is invalid or unmapped.
+            if (!ValidateAddress(va) || !IsMapped(va))
             {
-                ThrowInvalidMemoryRegionException($"Not mapped: va=0x{va:X16}");
+                return ulong.MaxValue;
             }
 
-            return pageBase + (nuint)(va & PageMask);
+            return GetPhysicalAddressInternal(va);
+        }
+
+        private ulong GetPhysicalAddressInternal(ulong va)
+        {
+            return PteToPa(_pageTable.Read<ulong>((va / PageSize) * PteSize) & ~(0xffffUL << 48)) + (va & PageMask);
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
@@ -604,6 +612,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
             }
         }
 
+        private ulong PaToPte(ulong pa)
+        {
+            return (ulong)_backingMemory.GetPointer(pa, PageSize);
+        }
+
+        private ulong PteToPa(ulong pte)
+        {
+            return (ulong)((long)pte - _backingMemory.Pointer.ToInt64());
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Disposes of resources used by the memory manager.
         /// </summary>

Ryujinx.Cpu/MemoryManagerHostMapped.cs

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ using Ryujinx.Memory.Range;
 using Ryujinx.Memory.Tracking;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Linq;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Threading;
 
@@ -14,7 +13,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
     /// <summary>
     /// Represents a CPU memory manager which maps guest virtual memory directly onto a host virtual region.
     /// </summary>
-    public class MemoryManagerHostMapped : MemoryManagerBase, IMemoryManager, IVirtualMemoryManagerTracked
+    public class MemoryManagerHostMapped : MemoryManagerBase, IMemoryManager, IVirtualMemoryManagerTracked, IWritableBlock
     {
         public const int PageBits = 12;
         public const int PageSize = 1 << PageBits;
@@ -42,9 +41,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
         private readonly MemoryBlock _addressSpaceMirror;
         private readonly ulong _addressSpaceSize;
 
+        private readonly MemoryBlock _backingMemory;
+        private readonly PageTable<ulong> _pageTable;
+
         private readonly MemoryEhMeilleure _memoryEh;
 
-        private ulong[] _pageTable;
+        private readonly ulong[] _pageBitmap;
 
         public int AddressSpaceBits { get; }
 
@@ -59,11 +61,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
         /// <summary>
         /// Creates a new instance of the host mapped memory manager.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="backingMemory">Physical backing memory where virtual memory will be mapped to</param>
         /// <param name="addressSpaceSize">Size of the address space</param>
         /// <param name="unsafeMode">True if unmanaged access should not be masked (unsafe), false otherwise.</param>
         /// <param name="invalidAccessHandler">Optional function to handle invalid memory accesses</param>
-        public MemoryManagerHostMapped(ulong addressSpaceSize, bool unsafeMode, InvalidAccessHandler invalidAccessHandler = null)
+        public MemoryManagerHostMapped(MemoryBlock backingMemory, ulong addressSpaceSize, bool unsafeMode, InvalidAccessHandler invalidAccessHandler = null)
         {
+            _backingMemory = backingMemory;
+            _pageTable = new PageTable<ulong>();
             _invalidAccessHandler = invalidAccessHandler;
             _unsafeMode = unsafeMode;
             _addressSpaceSize = addressSpaceSize;
@@ -79,9 +84,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
 
             AddressSpaceBits = asBits;
 
-            _pageTable = new ulong[1 << (AddressSpaceBits - (PageBits + PageToPteShift))];
-            _addressSpace = new MemoryBlock(asSize, MemoryAllocationFlags.Reserve | MemoryAllocationFlags.Mirrorable);
-            _addressSpaceMirror = _addressSpace.CreateMirror();
+            _pageBitmap = new ulong[1 << (AddressSpaceBits - (PageBits + PageToPteShift))];
+
+            MemoryAllocationFlags asFlags = MemoryAllocationFlags.Reserve | MemoryAllocationFlags.ViewCompatible;
+
+            _addressSpace = new MemoryBlock(asSize, asFlags);
+            _addressSpaceMirror = new MemoryBlock(asSize, asFlags | MemoryAllocationFlags.ForceWindows4KBViewMapping);
+
             Tracking = new MemoryTracking(this, PageSize, invalidAccessHandler);
             _memoryEh = new MemoryEhMeilleure(_addressSpace, Tracking);
         }
@@ -136,12 +145,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public void Map(ulong va, nuint hostAddress, ulong size)
+        public void Map(ulong va, ulong pa, ulong size)
         {
             AssertValidAddressAndSize(va, size);
 
-            _addressSpace.Commit(va, size);
+            _addressSpace.MapView(_backingMemory, pa, va, size);
+            _addressSpaceMirror.MapView(_backingMemory, pa, va, size);
             AddMapping(va, size);
+            PtMap(va, pa, size);
 
             Tracking.Map(va, size);
         }
@@ -155,7 +166,32 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
             Tracking.Unmap(va, size);
 
             RemoveMapping(va, size);
-            _addressSpace.Decommit(va, size);
+            PtUnmap(va, size);
+            _addressSpace.UnmapView(_backingMemory, va, size);
+            _addressSpaceMirror.UnmapView(_backingMemory, va, size);
+        }
+
+        private void PtMap(ulong va, ulong pa, ulong size)
+        {
+            while (size != 0)
+            {
+                _pageTable.Map(va, pa);
+
+                va += PageSize;
+                pa += PageSize;
+                size -= PageSize;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void PtUnmap(ulong va, ulong size)
+        {
+            while (size != 0)
+            {
+                _pageTable.Unmap(va);
+
+                va += PageSize;
+                size -= PageSize;
+            }
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
@@ -216,6 +252,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
             }
         }
 
+
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         public void Write<T>(ulong va, T value) where T : unmanaged
         {
@@ -267,7 +304,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
                     throw;
                 }
             }
-}
+        }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         public ReadOnlySpan<byte> GetSpan(ulong va, int size, bool tracked = false)
@@ -322,7 +359,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
             int bit = (int)((page & 31) << 1);
 
             int pageIndex = (int)(page >> PageToPteShift);
-            ref ulong pageRef = ref _pageTable[pageIndex];
+            ref ulong pageRef = ref _pageBitmap[pageIndex];
 
             ulong pte = Volatile.Read(ref pageRef);
 
@@ -373,7 +410,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
                     mask &= endMask;
                 }
 
-                ref ulong pageRef = ref _pageTable[pageIndex++];
+                ref ulong pageRef = ref _pageBitmap[pageIndex++];
                 ulong pte = Volatile.Read(ref pageRef);
 
                 pte |= pte >> 1;
@@ -389,16 +426,53 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public IEnumerable<HostMemoryRange> GetPhysicalRegions(ulong va, ulong size)
+        public IEnumerable<MemoryRange> GetPhysicalRegions(ulong va, ulong size)
         {
-            if (size == 0)
+            int pages = GetPagesCount(va, (uint)size, out va);
+
+            var regions = new List<MemoryRange>();
+
+            ulong regionStart = GetPhysicalAddressChecked(va);
+            ulong regionSize = PageSize;
+
+            for (int page = 0; page < pages - 1; page++)
             {
-                return Enumerable.Empty<HostMemoryRange>();
+                if (!ValidateAddress(va + PageSize))
+                {
+                    return null;
+                }
+
+                ulong newPa = GetPhysicalAddressChecked(va + PageSize);
+
+                if (GetPhysicalAddressChecked(va) + PageSize != newPa)
+                {
+                    regions.Add(new MemoryRange(regionStart, regionSize));
+                    regionStart = newPa;
+                    regionSize = 0;
+                }
+
+                va += PageSize;
+                regionSize += PageSize;
             }
 
-            AssertMapped(va, size);
+            regions.Add(new MemoryRange(regionStart, regionSize));
 
-            return new HostMemoryRange[] { new HostMemoryRange(_addressSpaceMirror.GetPointer(va, size), size) };
+            return regions;
+        }
+
+        private ulong GetPhysicalAddressChecked(ulong va)
+        {
+            if (!IsMapped(va))
+            {
+                ThrowInvalidMemoryRegionException($"Not mapped: va=0x{va:X16}");
+            }
+
+            return GetPhysicalAddressInternal(va);
+        }
+
+        private ulong GetPhysicalAddressInternal(ulong va)
+        {
+            return _pageTable.Read(va) + (va & PageMask);
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
@@ -427,7 +501,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
                 int bit = (int)((pageStart & 31) << 1);
 
                 int pageIndex = (int)(pageStart >> PageToPteShift);
-                ref ulong pageRef = ref _pageTable[pageIndex];
+                ref ulong pageRef = ref _pageBitmap[pageIndex];
 
                 ulong pte = Volatile.Read(ref pageRef);
                 ulong state = ((pte >> bit) & 3);
@@ -459,7 +533,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
                         mask &= endMask;
                     }
 
-                    ref ulong pageRef = ref _pageTable[pageIndex++];
+                    ref ulong pageRef = ref _pageBitmap[pageIndex++];
 
                     ulong pte = Volatile.Read(ref pageRef);
                     ulong mappedMask = mask & BlockMappedMask;
@@ -530,7 +604,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
                 ulong tag = protTag << bit;
 
                 int pageIndex = (int)(pageStart >> PageToPteShift);
-                ref ulong pageRef = ref _pageTable[pageIndex];
+                ref ulong pageRef = ref _pageBitmap[pageIndex];
 
                 ulong pte;
 
@@ -562,7 +636,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
                         mask &= endMask;
                     }
 
-                    ref ulong pageRef = ref _pageTable[pageIndex++];
+                    ref ulong pageRef = ref _pageBitmap[pageIndex++];
 
                     ulong pte;
                     ulong mappedMask;
@@ -632,7 +706,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
                     mask &= endMask;
                 }
 
-                ref ulong pageRef = ref _pageTable[pageIndex++];
+                ref ulong pageRef = ref _pageBitmap[pageIndex++];
 
                 ulong pte;
                 ulong mappedMask;
@@ -677,7 +751,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
                     mask |= endMask;
                 }
 
-                ref ulong pageRef = ref _pageTable[pageIndex++];
+                ref ulong pageRef = ref _pageBitmap[pageIndex++];
                 ulong pte;
 
                 do
@@ -695,11 +769,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
         /// </summary>
         protected override void Destroy()
         {
-            _addressSpaceMirror.Dispose();
             _addressSpace.Dispose();
+            _addressSpaceMirror.Dispose();
             _memoryEh.Dispose();
         }
 
-        private void ThrowInvalidMemoryRegionException(string message) => throw new InvalidMemoryRegionException(message);
+        private static void ThrowInvalidMemoryRegionException(string message) => throw new InvalidMemoryRegionException(message);
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Capabilities.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation;
+
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 {
     public struct Capabilities
     {
+        public readonly TargetApi Api;
+        public readonly string VendorName;
+
         public readonly bool HasFrontFacingBug;
         public readonly bool HasVectorIndexingBug;
 
@@ -24,6 +29,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
         public readonly int StorageBufferOffsetAlignment;
 
         public Capabilities(
+            TargetApi api,
+            string vendorName,
             bool hasFrontFacingBug,
             bool hasVectorIndexingBug,
             bool supportsAstcCompression,
@@ -43,6 +50,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
             float maximumSupportedAnisotropy,
             int storageBufferOffsetAlignment)
         {
+            Api = api;
+            VendorName = vendorName;
             HasFrontFacingBug = hasFrontFacingBug;
             HasVectorIndexingBug = hasVectorIndexingBug;
             SupportsAstcCompression = supportsAstcCompression;

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/DepthStencilState.cs

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
-{
-    public struct DepthStencilState
-    {
-        public bool DepthTestEnable   { get; }
-        public bool DepthWriteEnable  { get; }
-        public bool StencilTestEnable { get; }
-
-        public CompareOp DepthFunc          { get; }
-        public CompareOp StencilFrontFunc   { get; }
-        public StencilOp StencilFrontSFail  { get; }
-        public StencilOp StencilFrontDpPass { get; }
-        public StencilOp StencilFrontDpFail { get; }
-        public CompareOp StencilBackFunc    { get; }
-        public StencilOp StencilBackSFail   { get; }
-        public StencilOp StencilBackDpPass  { get; }
-        public StencilOp StencilBackDpFail  { get; }
-
-        public DepthStencilState(
-            bool      depthTestEnable,
-            bool      depthWriteEnable,
-            bool      stencilTestEnable,
-            CompareOp depthFunc,
-            CompareOp stencilFrontFunc,
-            StencilOp stencilFrontSFail,
-            StencilOp stencilFrontDpPass,
-            StencilOp stencilFrontDpFail,
-            CompareOp stencilBackFunc,
-            StencilOp stencilBackSFail,
-            StencilOp stencilBackDpPass,
-            StencilOp stencilBackDpFail)
-        {
-            DepthTestEnable    = depthTestEnable;
-            DepthWriteEnable   = depthWriteEnable;
-            StencilTestEnable  = stencilTestEnable;
-            DepthFunc          = depthFunc;
-            StencilFrontFunc   = stencilFrontFunc;
-            StencilFrontSFail  = stencilFrontSFail;
-            StencilFrontDpPass = stencilFrontDpPass;
-            StencilFrontDpFail = stencilFrontDpFail;
-            StencilBackFunc    = stencilBackFunc;
-            StencilBackSFail   = stencilBackSFail;
-            StencilBackDpPass  = stencilBackDpPass;
-            StencilBackDpFail  = stencilBackDpFail;
-        }
-    }
-}

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Format.cs

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
         R32G32B32A32Sint,
         S8Uint,
         D16Unorm,
-        D24X8Unorm,
+        S8UintD24Unorm,
         D32Float,
         D24UnormS8Uint,
         D32FloatS8Uint,
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
             {
                 case Format.D16Unorm:
                 case Format.D24UnormS8Uint:
-                case Format.D24X8Unorm:
+                case Format.S8UintD24Unorm:
                 case Format.D32Float:
                 case Format.D32FloatS8Uint:
                 case Format.S8Uint:

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/IRenderer.cs

@@ -16,11 +16,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 
         void BackgroundContextAction(Action action, bool alwaysBackground = false);
 
-        IShader CompileShader(ShaderStage stage, string code);
-
         BufferHandle CreateBuffer(int size);
 
-        IProgram CreateProgram(IShader[] shaders, ShaderInfo info);
+        IProgram CreateProgram(ShaderSource[] shaders, ShaderInfo info);
 
         ISampler CreateSampler(SamplerCreateInfo info);
         ITexture CreateTexture(TextureCreateInfo info, float scale);

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/CommandHelper.cs

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.CounterEvent;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Program;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Renderer;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Sampler;
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Shader;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Texture;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Window;
 using System;
@@ -53,8 +52,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading
         {
             _lookup[(int)CommandType.Action] = (Span<byte> memory, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer) =>
                 ActionCommand.Run(ref GetCommand<ActionCommand>(memory), threaded, renderer);
-            _lookup[(int)CommandType.CompileShader] = (Span<byte> memory, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer) =>
-                CompileShaderCommand.Run(ref GetCommand<CompileShaderCommand>(memory), threaded, renderer);
             _lookup[(int)CommandType.CreateBuffer] = (Span<byte> memory, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer) =>
                 CreateBufferCommand.Run(ref GetCommand<CreateBufferCommand>(memory), threaded, renderer);
             _lookup[(int)CommandType.CreateProgram] = (Span<byte> memory, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer) =>
@@ -98,9 +95,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading
             _lookup[(int)CommandType.SamplerDispose] = (Span<byte> memory, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer) =>
                 SamplerDisposeCommand.Run(ref GetCommand<SamplerDisposeCommand>(memory), threaded, renderer);
 
-            _lookup[(int)CommandType.ShaderDispose] = (Span<byte> memory, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer) =>
-                ShaderDisposeCommand.Run(ref GetCommand<ShaderDisposeCommand>(memory), threaded, renderer);
-
             _lookup[(int)CommandType.TextureCopyTo] = (Span<byte> memory, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer) =>
                 TextureCopyToCommand.Run(ref GetCommand<TextureCopyToCommand>(memory), threaded, renderer);
             _lookup[(int)CommandType.TextureCopyToScaled] = (Span<byte> memory, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer) =>

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/CommandType.cs

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
     enum CommandType : byte
     {
         Action,
-        CompileShader,
         CreateBuffer,
         CreateProgram,
         CreateSampler,
@@ -29,8 +28,6 @@
 
         SamplerDispose,
 
-        ShaderDispose,
-
         TextureCopyTo,
         TextureCopyToScaled,
         TextureCopyToSlice,

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/Commands/Renderer/CompileShaderCommand.cs

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Model;
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Resources;
-
-namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Renderer
-{
-    struct CompileShaderCommand : IGALCommand
-    {
-        public CommandType CommandType => CommandType.CompileShader;
-        private TableRef<ThreadedShader> _shader;
-
-        public void Set(TableRef<ThreadedShader> shader)
-        {
-            _shader = shader;
-        }
-
-        public static void Run(ref CompileShaderCommand command, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer)
-        {
-            ThreadedShader shader = command._shader.Get(threaded);
-            shader.EnsureCreated();
-        }
-    }
-}

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/Commands/Renderer/CreateBufferCommand.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Resources;
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
-
-namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Renderer
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Renderer
 {
     struct CreateBufferCommand : IGALCommand
     {

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/Commands/Renderer/PreFrameCommand.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-using System;
-
-namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Renderer
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Renderer
 {
     struct PreFrameCommand : IGALCommand
     {

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/Commands/Shader/ShaderDisposeCommand.cs

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Model;
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Resources;
-
-namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Shader
-{
-    struct ShaderDisposeCommand : IGALCommand
-    {
-        public CommandType CommandType => CommandType.ShaderDispose;
-        private TableRef<ThreadedShader> _shader;
-
-        public void Set(TableRef<ThreadedShader> shader)
-        {
-            _shader = shader;
-        }
-
-        public static void Run(ref ShaderDisposeCommand command, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer)
-        {
-            command._shader.Get(threaded).Base.Dispose();
-        }
-    }
-}

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/Resources/Programs/SourceProgramRequest.cs

@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Resources.Programs
     {
         public ThreadedProgram Threaded { get; set; }
 
-        private IShader[] _shaders;
+        private ShaderSource[] _shaders;
         private ShaderInfo _info;
 
-        public SourceProgramRequest(ThreadedProgram program, IShader[] shaders, ShaderInfo info)
+        public SourceProgramRequest(ThreadedProgram program, ShaderSource[] shaders, ShaderInfo info)
         {
             Threaded = program;
 
@@ -19,14 +19,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Resources.Programs
 
         public IProgram Create(IRenderer renderer)
         {
-            IShader[] shaders = _shaders.Select(shader =>
-            {
-                var threaded = (ThreadedShader)shader;
-                threaded?.EnsureCreated();
-                return threaded?.Base;
-            }).ToArray();
-
-            return renderer.CreateProgram(shaders, _info);
+            return renderer.CreateProgram(_shaders, _info);
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/Resources/ThreadedShader.cs

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Shader;
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Model;
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
-
-namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Resources
-{
-    class ThreadedShader : IShader
-    {
-        private ThreadedRenderer _renderer;
-        private ShaderStage _stage;
-        private string _code;
-
-        public IShader Base;
-
-        public ThreadedShader(ThreadedRenderer renderer, ShaderStage stage, string code)
-        {
-            _renderer = renderer;
-            
-            _stage = stage;
-            _code = code;
-        }
-
-        internal void EnsureCreated()
-        {
-            if (_code != null && Base == null)
-            {
-                Base = _renderer.BaseRenderer.CompileShader(_stage, _code);
-                _code = null;
-            }
-        }
-
-        public void Dispose()
-        {
-            _renderer.New<ShaderDisposeCommand>().Set(new TableRef<ThreadedShader>(_renderer, this));
-            _renderer.QueueCommand();
-        }
-    }
-}

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/ThreadedPipeline.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Model;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Resources;
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
 using System;
 using System.Linq;
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/ThreadedRenderer.cs

@@ -250,15 +250,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading
             }
         }
 
-        public IShader CompileShader(ShaderStage stage, string code)
-        {
-            var shader = new ThreadedShader(this, stage, code);
-            New<CompileShaderCommand>().Set(Ref(shader));
-            QueueCommand();
-
-            return shader;
-        }
-
         public BufferHandle CreateBuffer(int size)
         {
             BufferHandle handle = Buffers.CreateBufferHandle();
@@ -268,7 +259,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading
             return handle;
         }
 
-        public IProgram CreateProgram(IShader[] shaders, ShaderInfo info)
+        public IProgram CreateProgram(ShaderSource[] shaders, ShaderInfo info)
         {
             var program = new ThreadedProgram(this);
             SourceProgramRequest request = new SourceProgramRequest(program, shaders, info);

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/ShaderSource.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
+{
+    public struct ShaderSource
+    {
+        public string Code { get; }
+        public byte[] BinaryCode { get; }
+        public ShaderStage Stage { get; }
+        public TargetLanguage Language { get; }
+
+        public ShaderSource(string code, byte[] binaryCode, ShaderStage stage, TargetLanguage language)
+        {
+            Code = code;
+            BinaryCode = binaryCode;
+            Stage = stage;
+            Language = language;
+        }
+
+        public ShaderSource(string code, ShaderStage stage, TargetLanguage language) : this(code, null, stage, language)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public ShaderSource(byte[] binaryCode, ShaderStage stage, TargetLanguage language) : this(null, binaryCode, stage, language)
+        {
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Target.cs

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
         Texture2DArray,
         Texture2DMultisample,
         Texture2DMultisampleArray,
-        Rectangle,
         Cubemap,
         CubemapArray,
         TextureBuffer

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Compute/ComputeClass.cs

@@ -124,24 +124,20 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Compute
             ulong samplerPoolGpuVa = ((ulong)_state.State.SetTexSamplerPoolAOffsetUpper << 32) | _state.State.SetTexSamplerPoolB;
             ulong texturePoolGpuVa = ((ulong)_state.State.SetTexHeaderPoolAOffsetUpper << 32) | _state.State.SetTexHeaderPoolB;
 
-            GpuAccessorState gas = new GpuAccessorState(
+            GpuChannelPoolState poolState = new GpuChannelPoolState(
                 texturePoolGpuVa,
                 _state.State.SetTexHeaderPoolCMaximumIndex,
-                _state.State.SetBindlessTextureConstantBufferSlotSelect,
-                false,
-                PrimitiveTopology.Points,
-                default);
+                _state.State.SetBindlessTextureConstantBufferSlotSelect);
 
-            ShaderBundle cs = memoryManager.Physical.ShaderCache.GetComputeShader(
-                _channel,
-                gas,
-                shaderGpuVa,
+            GpuChannelComputeState computeState = new GpuChannelComputeState(
                 qmd.CtaThreadDimension0,
                 qmd.CtaThreadDimension1,
                 qmd.CtaThreadDimension2,
                 localMemorySize,
                 sharedMemorySize);
 
+            CachedShaderProgram cs = memoryManager.Physical.ShaderCache.GetComputeShader(_channel, poolState, computeState, shaderGpuVa);
+
             _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetProgram(cs.HostProgram);
 
             _channel.TextureManager.SetComputeSamplerPool(samplerPoolGpuVa, _state.State.SetTexSamplerPoolCMaximumIndex, qmd.SamplerIndex);

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Dma/DmaClass.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common;
-using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Device;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Texture;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
@@ -330,11 +330,95 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Dma
                 {
                     // TODO: Implement remap functionality.
                     // Buffer to buffer copy.
-                    memoryManager.Physical.BufferCache.CopyBuffer(memoryManager, srcGpuVa, dstGpuVa, size);
+
+                    bool srcIsPitchKind = memoryManager.GetKind(srcGpuVa).IsPitch();
+                    bool dstIsPitchKind = memoryManager.GetKind(dstGpuVa).IsPitch();
+
+                    if (!srcIsPitchKind && dstIsPitchKind)
+                    {
+                        CopyGobBlockLinearToLinear(memoryManager, srcGpuVa, dstGpuVa, size);
+                    }
+                    else if (srcIsPitchKind && !dstIsPitchKind)
+                    {
+                        CopyGobLinearToBlockLinear(memoryManager, srcGpuVa, dstGpuVa, size);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        memoryManager.Physical.BufferCache.CopyBuffer(memoryManager, srcGpuVa, dstGpuVa, size);
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Copies block linear data with block linear GOBs to a block linear destination with linear GOBs.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="memoryManager">GPU memory manager</param>
+        /// <param name="srcGpuVa">Source GPU virtual address</param>
+        /// <param name="dstGpuVa">Destination GPU virtual address</param>
+        /// <param name="size">Size in bytes of the copy</param>
+        private static void CopyGobBlockLinearToLinear(MemoryManager memoryManager, ulong srcGpuVa, ulong dstGpuVa, ulong size)
+        {
+            if (((srcGpuVa | dstGpuVa | size) & 0xf) == 0)
+            {
+                for (ulong offset = 0; offset < size; offset += 16)
+                {
+                    Vector128<byte> data = memoryManager.Read<Vector128<byte>>(ConvertGobLinearToBlockLinearAddress(srcGpuVa + offset), true);
+                    memoryManager.Write(dstGpuVa + offset, data);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                for (ulong offset = 0; offset < size; offset++)
+                {
+                    byte data = memoryManager.Read<byte>(ConvertGobLinearToBlockLinearAddress(srcGpuVa + offset), true);
+                    memoryManager.Write(dstGpuVa + offset, data);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Copies block linear data with linear GOBs to a block linear destination with block linear GOBs.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="memoryManager">GPU memory manager</param>
+        /// <param name="srcGpuVa">Source GPU virtual address</param>
+        /// <param name="dstGpuVa">Destination GPU virtual address</param>
+        /// <param name="size">Size in bytes of the copy</param>
+        private static void CopyGobLinearToBlockLinear(MemoryManager memoryManager, ulong srcGpuVa, ulong dstGpuVa, ulong size)
+        {
+            if (((srcGpuVa | dstGpuVa | size) & 0xf) == 0)
+            {
+                for (ulong offset = 0; offset < size; offset += 16)
+                {
+                    Vector128<byte> data = memoryManager.Read<Vector128<byte>>(srcGpuVa + offset, true);
+                    memoryManager.Write(ConvertGobLinearToBlockLinearAddress(dstGpuVa + offset), data);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                for (ulong offset = 0; offset < size; offset++)
+                {
+                    byte data = memoryManager.Read<byte>(srcGpuVa + offset, true);
+                    memoryManager.Write(ConvertGobLinearToBlockLinearAddress(dstGpuVa + offset), data);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Calculates the GOB block linear address from a linear address.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="address">Linear address</param>
+        /// <returns>Block linear address</returns>
+        private static ulong ConvertGobLinearToBlockLinearAddress(ulong address)
+        {
+            // y2 y1 y0 x5 x4 x3 x2 x1 x0 -> x5 y2 y1 x4 y0 x3 x2 x1 x0
+            return (address & ~0x1f0UL) |
+                ((address & 0x40) >> 2) |
+                ((address & 0x10) << 1) |
+                ((address & 0x180) >> 1) |
+                ((address & 0x20) << 3);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Performs a buffer to buffer, or buffer to texture copy, then optionally releases a semaphore.
         /// </summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/DrawManager.cs

@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 int scissorW = screenScissorState.Width;
                 int scissorH = screenScissorState.Height;
 
-                if (clearAffectedByScissor)
+                if (clearAffectedByScissor && _state.State.ScissorState[0].Enable)
                 {
                     ref var scissorState = ref _state.State.ScissorState[0];
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/StateUpdater.cs

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Texture;
 using System;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
-using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
 {
@@ -20,6 +19,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         public const int RasterizerStateIndex = 1;
         public const int ScissorStateIndex = 2;
         public const int VertexBufferStateIndex = 3;
+        public const int PrimitiveRestartStateIndex = 4;
 
         private readonly GpuContext _context;
         private readonly GpuChannel _channel;
@@ -29,11 +29,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         private readonly StateUpdateTracker<ThreedClassState> _updateTracker;
 
         private readonly ShaderProgramInfo[] _currentProgramInfo;
+        private ShaderSpecializationState _shaderSpecState;
 
         private bool _vtgWritesRtLayer;
         private byte _vsClipDistancesWritten;
 
         private bool _prevDrawIndexed;
+        private IndexType _prevIndexType;
+        private uint _prevFirstVertex;
         private bool _prevTfEnable;
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -75,6 +78,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.VertexBufferState),
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.VertexBufferEndAddress)),
 
+                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdatePrimitiveRestartState,
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.PrimitiveRestartDrawArrays),
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.PrimitiveRestartState)),
+
                 new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateTessellationState,
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.TessOuterLevel),
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.TessInnerLevel),
@@ -140,8 +147,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.PointSpriteEnable),
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.PointCoordReplace)),
 
-                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdatePrimitiveRestartState, nameof(ThreedClassState.PrimitiveRestartState)),
-
                 new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateIndexBufferState,
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.IndexBufferState),
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.IndexBufferCount)),
@@ -190,6 +195,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
         public void Update()
         {
+            // If any state that the shader depends on changed,
+            // then we may need to compile/bind a different version
+            // of the shader for the new state.
+            if (_shaderSpecState != null)
+            {
+                if (!_shaderSpecState.MatchesGraphics(_channel, GetPoolState()))
+                {
+                    ForceShaderUpdate();
+                }
+            }
+
             // The vertex buffer size is calculated using a different
             // method when doing indexed draws, so we need to make sure
             // to update the vertex buffers if we are doing a regular
@@ -197,9 +213,31 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
             if (_drawState.DrawIndexed != _prevDrawIndexed)
             {
                 _updateTracker.ForceDirty(VertexBufferStateIndex);
+
+                // If PrimitiveRestartDrawArrays is false and this is a non-indexed draw, we need to ensure primitive restart is disabled.
+                // If PrimitiveRestartDrawArrays is false and this is a indexed draw, we need to ensure primitive restart enable matches GPU state.
+                // If PrimitiveRestartDrawArrays is true, then primitive restart enable should always match GPU state.
+                // That is because "PrimitiveRestartDrawArrays" is not configurable on the backend, it is always
+                // true on OpenGL and always false on Vulkan.
+                if (!_state.State.PrimitiveRestartDrawArrays && _state.State.PrimitiveRestartState.Enable)
+                {
+                    _updateTracker.ForceDirty(PrimitiveRestartStateIndex);
+                }
+
                 _prevDrawIndexed = _drawState.DrawIndexed;
             }
 
+            // In some cases, the index type is also used to guess the
+            // vertex buffer size, so we must update it if the type changed too.
+            if (_drawState.DrawIndexed &&
+                (_prevIndexType != _state.State.IndexBufferState.Type ||
+                 _prevFirstVertex != _state.State.FirstVertex))
+            {
+                _updateTracker.ForceDirty(VertexBufferStateIndex);
+                _prevIndexType = _state.State.IndexBufferState.Type;
+                _prevFirstVertex = _state.State.FirstVertex;
+            }
+
             bool tfEnable = _state.State.TfEnable;
 
             if (!tfEnable && _prevTfEnable)
@@ -816,8 +854,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         private void UpdatePrimitiveRestartState()
         {
             PrimitiveRestartState primitiveRestart = _state.State.PrimitiveRestartState;
+            bool enable = primitiveRestart.Enable && (_drawState.DrawIndexed || _state.State.PrimitiveRestartDrawArrays);
 
-            _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetPrimitiveRestart(primitiveRestart.Enable, primitiveRestart.Index);
+            _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetPrimitiveRestart(enable, primitiveRestart.Index);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -852,6 +891,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         /// </summary>
         private void UpdateVertexBufferState()
         {
+            IndexType indexType = _state.State.IndexBufferState.Type;
+            bool indexTypeSmall = indexType == IndexType.UByte || indexType == IndexType.UShort;
+
             _drawState.IsAnyVbInstanced = false;
 
             for (int index = 0; index < Constants.TotalVertexBuffers; index++)
@@ -883,12 +925,27 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 {
                     // This size may be (much) larger than the real vertex buffer size.
                     // Avoid calculating it this way, unless we don't have any other option.
+
                     size = endAddress.Pack() - address + 1;
+
+                    if (stride > 0 && indexTypeSmall && _drawState.DrawIndexed && !instanced)
+                    {
+                        // If the index type is a small integer type, then we might be still able
+                        // to reduce the vertex buffer size based on the maximum possible index value.
+
+                        ulong maxVertexBufferSize = indexType == IndexType.UByte ? 0x100UL : 0x10000UL;
+
+                        maxVertexBufferSize += _state.State.FirstVertex;
+                        maxVertexBufferSize *= (uint)stride;
+
+                        size = Math.Min(size, maxVertexBufferSize);
+                    }
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     // For non-indexed draws, we can guess the size from the vertex count
                     // and stride.
+
                     int firstInstance = (int)_state.State.FirstInstance;
 
                     var drawState = _state.State.VertexBufferDrawState;
@@ -1019,108 +1076,127 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         /// </summary>
         private void UpdateShaderState()
         {
+            var shaderCache = _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.ShaderCache;
+
+            _vtgWritesRtLayer = false;
+
             ShaderAddresses addresses = new ShaderAddresses();
-
-            Span<ShaderAddresses> addressesSpan = MemoryMarshal.CreateSpan(ref addresses, 1);
-
-            Span<ulong> addressesArray = MemoryMarshal.Cast<ShaderAddresses, ulong>(addressesSpan);
+            Span<ulong> addressesSpan = addresses.AsSpan();
 
             ulong baseAddress = _state.State.ShaderBaseAddress.Pack();
 
             for (int index = 0; index < 6; index++)
             {
                 var shader = _state.State.ShaderState[index];
-
                 if (!shader.UnpackEnable() && index != 1)
                 {
                     continue;
                 }
 
-                addressesArray[index] = baseAddress + shader.Offset;
+                addressesSpan[index] = baseAddress + shader.Offset;
             }
 
-            GpuAccessorState gas = new GpuAccessorState(
-                _state.State.TexturePoolState.Address.Pack(),
-                _state.State.TexturePoolState.MaximumId,
-                (int)_state.State.TextureBufferIndex,
-                _state.State.EarlyZForce,
-                _drawState.Topology,
-                _state.State.TessMode);
+            GpuChannelPoolState poolState = GetPoolState();
+            GpuChannelGraphicsState graphicsState = GetGraphicsState();
 
-            ShaderBundle gs = _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.ShaderCache.GetGraphicsShader(ref _state.State, _channel, gas, addresses);
+            CachedShaderProgram gs = shaderCache.GetGraphicsShader(ref _state.State, _channel, poolState, graphicsState, addresses);
+
+            _shaderSpecState = gs.SpecializationState;
 
             byte oldVsClipDistancesWritten = _vsClipDistancesWritten;
 
-            _drawState.VsUsesInstanceId = gs.Shaders[0]?.Info.UsesInstanceId ?? false;
-            _vsClipDistancesWritten = gs.Shaders[0]?.Info.ClipDistancesWritten ?? 0;
-            _vtgWritesRtLayer = false;
+            _drawState.VsUsesInstanceId = gs.Shaders[1]?.Info.UsesInstanceId ?? false;
+            _vsClipDistancesWritten = gs.Shaders[1]?.Info.ClipDistancesWritten ?? 0;
 
             if (oldVsClipDistancesWritten != _vsClipDistancesWritten)
             {
                 UpdateUserClipState();
             }
 
-            for (int stage = 0; stage < Constants.ShaderStages; stage++)
+            for (int stageIndex = 0; stageIndex < Constants.ShaderStages; stageIndex++)
             {
-                ShaderProgramInfo info = gs.Shaders[stage]?.Info;
-
-                _currentProgramInfo[stage] = info;
-
-                if (info == null)
-                {
-                    _channel.TextureManager.RentGraphicsTextureBindings(stage, 0);
-                    _channel.TextureManager.RentGraphicsImageBindings(stage, 0);
-                    _channel.BufferManager.SetGraphicsStorageBufferBindings(stage, null);
-                    _channel.BufferManager.SetGraphicsUniformBufferBindings(stage, null);
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                Span<TextureBindingInfo> textureBindings = _channel.TextureManager.RentGraphicsTextureBindings(stage, info.Textures.Count);
-
-                if (info.UsesRtLayer)
-                {
-                    _vtgWritesRtLayer = true;
-                }
-
-                for (int index = 0; index < info.Textures.Count; index++)
-                {
-                    var descriptor = info.Textures[index];
-
-                    Target target = ShaderTexture.GetTarget(descriptor.Type);
-
-                    textureBindings[index] = new TextureBindingInfo(
-                        target,
-                        descriptor.Binding,
-                        descriptor.CbufSlot,
-                        descriptor.HandleIndex,
-                        descriptor.Flags);
-                }
-
-                TextureBindingInfo[] imageBindings = _channel.TextureManager.RentGraphicsImageBindings(stage, info.Images.Count);
-
-                for (int index = 0; index < info.Images.Count; index++)
-                {
-                    var descriptor = info.Images[index];
-
-                    Target target = ShaderTexture.GetTarget(descriptor.Type);
-                    Format format = ShaderTexture.GetFormat(descriptor.Format);
-
-                    imageBindings[index] = new TextureBindingInfo(
-                        target,
-                        format,
-                        descriptor.Binding,
-                        descriptor.CbufSlot,
-                        descriptor.HandleIndex,
-                        descriptor.Flags);
-                }
-
-                _channel.BufferManager.SetGraphicsStorageBufferBindings(stage, info.SBuffers);
-                _channel.BufferManager.SetGraphicsUniformBufferBindings(stage, info.CBuffers);
+                UpdateStageBindings(stageIndex, gs.Shaders[stageIndex + 1]?.Info);
             }
 
             _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetProgram(gs.HostProgram);
         }
 
+        private void UpdateStageBindings(int stage, ShaderProgramInfo info)
+        {
+            _currentProgramInfo[stage] = info;
+
+            if (info == null)
+            {
+                _channel.TextureManager.RentGraphicsTextureBindings(stage, 0);
+                _channel.TextureManager.RentGraphicsImageBindings(stage, 0);
+                _channel.BufferManager.SetGraphicsStorageBufferBindings(stage, null);
+                _channel.BufferManager.SetGraphicsUniformBufferBindings(stage, null);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Span<TextureBindingInfo> textureBindings = _channel.TextureManager.RentGraphicsTextureBindings(stage, info.Textures.Count);
+
+            if (info.UsesRtLayer)
+            {
+                _vtgWritesRtLayer = true;
+            }
+
+            for (int index = 0; index < info.Textures.Count; index++)
+            {
+                var descriptor = info.Textures[index];
+
+                Target target = ShaderTexture.GetTarget(descriptor.Type);
+
+                textureBindings[index] = new TextureBindingInfo(
+                    target,
+                    descriptor.Binding,
+                    descriptor.CbufSlot,
+                    descriptor.HandleIndex,
+                    descriptor.Flags);
+            }
+
+            TextureBindingInfo[] imageBindings = _channel.TextureManager.RentGraphicsImageBindings(stage, info.Images.Count);
+
+            for (int index = 0; index < info.Images.Count; index++)
+            {
+                var descriptor = info.Images[index];
+
+                Target target = ShaderTexture.GetTarget(descriptor.Type);
+                Format format = ShaderTexture.GetFormat(descriptor.Format);
+
+                imageBindings[index] = new TextureBindingInfo(
+                    target,
+                    format,
+                    descriptor.Binding,
+                    descriptor.CbufSlot,
+                    descriptor.HandleIndex,
+                    descriptor.Flags);
+            }
+
+            _channel.BufferManager.SetGraphicsStorageBufferBindings(stage, info.SBuffers);
+            _channel.BufferManager.SetGraphicsUniformBufferBindings(stage, info.CBuffers);
+        }
+
+        private GpuChannelPoolState GetPoolState()
+        {
+            return new GpuChannelPoolState(
+                _state.State.TexturePoolState.Address.Pack(),
+                _state.State.TexturePoolState.MaximumId,
+                (int)_state.State.TextureBufferIndex);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the current GPU channel state for shader creation or compatibility verification.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>Current GPU channel state</returns>
+        private GpuChannelGraphicsState GetGraphicsState()
+        {
+            return new GpuChannelGraphicsState(
+                _state.State.EarlyZForce,
+                _drawState.Topology,
+                _state.State.TessMode);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Forces the shaders to be rebound on the next draw.
         /// </summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/ThreedClassState.cs

@@ -730,7 +730,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         public int PatchVertices;
         public fixed uint ReservedDD0[4];
         public uint TextureBarrier;
-        public fixed uint ReservedDE4[7];
+        public uint WatchdogTimer;
+        public Boolean32 PrimitiveRestartDrawArrays;
+        public fixed uint ReservedDEC[5];
         public Array16<ScissorState> ScissorState;
         public fixed uint ReservedF00[21];
         public StencilBackMasks StencilBackMasks;

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Twod/TwodClass.cs

@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.Device;
+using Ryujinx.Common;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Device;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Types;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Texture;
+using Ryujinx.Memory;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Runtime.Intrinsics;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Twod
 {
@@ -44,6 +48,180 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Twod
         /// <param name="data">Data to be written</param>
         public void Write(int offset, int data) => _state.Write(offset, data);
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Determines if data is compatible between the source and destination texture.
+        /// The two textures must have the same size, layout, and bytes per pixel.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="lhs">Info for the first texture</param>
+        /// <param name="rhs">Info for the second texture</param>
+        /// <param name="lhsFormat">Format of the first texture</param>
+        /// <param name="rhsFormat">Format of the second texture</param>
+        /// <returns>True if the data is compatible, false otherwise</returns>
+        private bool IsDataCompatible(TwodTexture lhs, TwodTexture rhs, FormatInfo lhsFormat, FormatInfo rhsFormat)
+        {
+            if (lhsFormat.BytesPerPixel != rhsFormat.BytesPerPixel ||
+                lhs.Height != rhs.Height ||
+                lhs.Depth != rhs.Depth ||
+                lhs.LinearLayout != rhs.LinearLayout ||
+                lhs.MemoryLayout.Packed != rhs.MemoryLayout.Packed)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (lhs.LinearLayout)
+            {
+                return lhs.Stride == rhs.Stride;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return lhs.Width == rhs.Width;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Determine if the given region covers the full texture, also considering width alignment.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="texture">The texture to check</param>
+        /// <param name="formatInfo"></param>
+        /// <param name="x1">Region start x</param>
+        /// <param name="y1">Region start y</param>
+        /// <param name="x2">Region end x</param>
+        /// <param name="y2">Region end y</param>
+        /// <returns>True if the region covers the full texture, false otherwise</returns>
+        private bool IsCopyRegionComplete(TwodTexture texture, FormatInfo formatInfo, int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
+        {
+            if (x1 != 0 || y1 != 0 || y2 != texture.Height)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            int width;
+            int widthAlignment;
+
+            if (texture.LinearLayout)
+            {
+                widthAlignment = 1;
+                width = texture.Stride / formatInfo.BytesPerPixel;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                widthAlignment = Constants.GobAlignment / formatInfo.BytesPerPixel;
+                width = texture.Width;
+            }
+
+            return width == BitUtils.AlignUp(x2, widthAlignment);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs a full data copy between two textures, reading and writing guest memory directly.
+        /// The textures must have a matching layout, size, and bytes per pixel.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="src">The source texture</param>
+        /// <param name="dst">The destination texture</param>
+        /// <param name="w">Copy width</param>
+        /// <param name="h">Copy height</param>
+        /// <param name="bpp">Bytes per pixel</param>
+        private void UnscaledFullCopy(TwodTexture src, TwodTexture dst, int w, int h, int bpp)
+        {
+            var srcCalculator = new OffsetCalculator(
+                w,
+                h,
+                src.Stride,
+                src.LinearLayout,
+                src.MemoryLayout.UnpackGobBlocksInY(),
+                src.MemoryLayout.UnpackGobBlocksInZ(),
+                bpp);
+
+            (int _, int srcSize) = srcCalculator.GetRectangleRange(0, 0, w, h);
+
+            var memoryManager = _channel.MemoryManager;
+
+            ulong srcGpuVa = src.Address.Pack();
+            ulong dstGpuVa = dst.Address.Pack();
+
+            ReadOnlySpan<byte> srcSpan = memoryManager.GetSpan(srcGpuVa, srcSize, true);
+
+            int width;
+            int height = src.Height;
+            if (src.LinearLayout)
+            {
+                width = src.Stride / bpp;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                width = src.Width;
+            }
+
+            // If the copy is not equal to the width and height of the texture, we will need to copy partially.
+            // It's worth noting that it has already been established that the src and dst are the same size.
+
+            if (w == width && h == height)
+            {
+                memoryManager.Write(dstGpuVa, srcSpan);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                using WritableRegion dstRegion = memoryManager.GetWritableRegion(dstGpuVa, srcSize, true);
+                Span<byte> dstSpan = dstRegion.Memory.Span;
+
+                if (src.LinearLayout)
+                {
+                    int stride = src.Stride;
+                    int offset = 0;
+                    int lineSize = width * bpp;
+
+                    for (int y = 0; y < height; y++)
+                    {
+                        srcSpan.Slice(offset, lineSize).CopyTo(dstSpan.Slice(offset));
+
+                        offset += stride;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // Copy with the block linear layout in mind.
+                    // Recreate the offset calculate with bpp 1 for copy.
+
+                    int stride = w * bpp;
+
+                    srcCalculator = new OffsetCalculator(
+                        stride,
+                        h,
+                        0,
+                        false,
+                        src.MemoryLayout.UnpackGobBlocksInY(),
+                        src.MemoryLayout.UnpackGobBlocksInZ(),
+                        1);
+
+                    int strideTrunc = BitUtils.AlignDown(stride, 16);
+
+                    ReadOnlySpan<Vector128<byte>> srcVec = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, Vector128<byte>>(srcSpan);
+                    Span<Vector128<byte>> dstVec = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, Vector128<byte>>(dstSpan);
+
+                    for (int y = 0; y < h; y++)
+                    {
+                        int x = 0;
+
+                        srcCalculator.SetY(y);
+
+                        for (; x < strideTrunc; x += 16)
+                        {
+                            int offset = srcCalculator.GetOffset(x) >> 4;
+
+                            dstVec[offset] = srcVec[offset];
+                        }
+
+                        for (; x < stride; x++)
+                        {
+                            int offset = srcCalculator.GetOffset(x);
+
+                            dstSpan[offset] = srcSpan[offset];
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Performs the blit operation, triggered by the register write.
         /// </summary>
@@ -114,16 +292,31 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Twod
                 srcX1 = 0;
             }
 
+            FormatInfo dstCopyTextureFormat = dstCopyTexture.Format.Convert();
+
+            bool canDirectCopy = GraphicsConfig.Fast2DCopy &&
+                srcX2 == dstX2 && srcY2 == dstY2 &&
+                IsDataCompatible(srcCopyTexture, dstCopyTexture, srcCopyTextureFormat, dstCopyTextureFormat) &&
+                IsCopyRegionComplete(srcCopyTexture, srcCopyTextureFormat, srcX1, srcY1, srcX2, srcY2) &&
+                IsCopyRegionComplete(dstCopyTexture, dstCopyTextureFormat, dstX1, dstY1, dstX2, dstY2);
+
             var srcTexture = memoryManager.Physical.TextureCache.FindOrCreateTexture(
                 memoryManager,
                 srcCopyTexture,
                 offset,
                 srcCopyTextureFormat,
+                !canDirectCopy,
                 false,
                 srcHint);
 
             if (srcTexture == null)
             {
+                if (canDirectCopy)
+                {
+                    // Directly copy the data on CPU.
+                    UnscaledFullCopy(srcCopyTexture, dstCopyTexture, srcX2, srcY2, srcCopyTextureFormat.BytesPerPixel);
+                }
+
                 return;
             }
 
@@ -132,7 +325,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Twod
             // When the source texture that was found has a depth format,
             // we must enforce the target texture also has a depth format,
             // as copies between depth and color formats are not allowed.
-            FormatInfo dstCopyTextureFormat;
 
             if (srcTexture.Format.IsDepthOrStencil())
             {
@@ -148,6 +340,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Twod
                 dstCopyTexture,
                 0,
                 dstCopyTextureFormat,
+                true,
                 srcTexture.ScaleMode == TextureScaleMode.Scaled,
                 dstHint);
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Types/ZetaFormat.cs

@@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Types
         {
             return format switch
             {
-                ZetaFormat.D32Float          => new FormatInfo(Format.D32Float,          1, 1, 4,  1),
-                ZetaFormat.D16Unorm          => new FormatInfo(Format.D16Unorm,          1, 1, 2,  1),
-                ZetaFormat.D24UnormS8Uint    => new FormatInfo(Format.D24UnormS8Uint,    1, 1, 4,  2),
-                ZetaFormat.D24Unorm          => new FormatInfo(Format.D24UnormS8Uint,    1, 1, 4,  1),
-                ZetaFormat.S8UintD24Unorm    => new FormatInfo(Format.D24UnormS8Uint,    1, 1, 4,  2),
-                ZetaFormat.S8Uint            => new FormatInfo(Format.S8Uint,            1, 1, 1,  1),
-                ZetaFormat.D32FloatS8Uint    => new FormatInfo(Format.D32FloatS8Uint,    1, 1, 8,  2),
+                ZetaFormat.D32Float          => new FormatInfo(Format.D32Float,       1, 1, 4, 1),
+                ZetaFormat.D16Unorm          => new FormatInfo(Format.D16Unorm,       1, 1, 2, 1),
+                ZetaFormat.D24UnormS8Uint    => new FormatInfo(Format.D24UnormS8Uint, 1, 1, 4, 2),
+                ZetaFormat.D24Unorm          => new FormatInfo(Format.D24UnormS8Uint, 1, 1, 4, 1),
+                ZetaFormat.S8UintD24Unorm    => new FormatInfo(Format.S8UintD24Unorm, 1, 1, 4, 2),
+                ZetaFormat.S8Uint            => new FormatInfo(Format.S8Uint,         1, 1, 1, 1),
+                ZetaFormat.D32FloatS8Uint    => new FormatInfo(Format.D32FloatS8Uint, 1, 1, 8, 2),
                 _                            => FormatInfo.Default
             };
         }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/GpuContext.cs

@@ -238,13 +238,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu
         /// <summary>
         /// Initialize the GPU shader cache.
         /// </summary>
-        public void InitializeShaderCache()
+        public void InitializeShaderCache(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             HostInitalized.WaitOne();
 
             foreach (var physicalMemory in PhysicalMemoryRegistry.Values)
             {
-                physicalMemory.ShaderCache.Initialize();
+                physicalMemory.ShaderCache.Initialize(cancellationToken);
             }
         }
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/GraphicsConfig.cs

@@ -28,6 +28,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu
         /// </summary>
         public static bool FastGpuTime = true;
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Enables or disables fast 2d engine texture copies entirely on CPU when possible.
+        /// Reduces stuttering and # of textures in games that copy textures around for streaming, 
+        /// as textures will not need to be created for the copy, and the data does not need to be 
+        /// flushed from GPU.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static bool Fast2DCopy = true;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Enables or disables the Just-in-Time compiler for GPU Macro code.
         /// </summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/FormatTable.cs

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             { 0x24a0e, new FormatInfo(Format.D24UnormS8Uint,    1,  1,  4,  2) },
             { 0x24a29, new FormatInfo(Format.D24UnormS8Uint,    1,  1,  4,  2) },
             { 0x48a29, new FormatInfo(Format.D24UnormS8Uint,    1,  1,  4,  2) },
+            { 0x4912b, new FormatInfo(Format.S8UintD24Unorm,    1,  1,  4,  2) },
             { 0x25385, new FormatInfo(Format.D32FloatS8Uint,    1,  1,  8,  2) },
             { 0x253b0, new FormatInfo(Format.D32FloatS8Uint,    1,  1,  8,  2) },
             { 0xa4908, new FormatInfo(Format.R8G8B8A8Srgb,      1,  1,  4,  4) },

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/Texture.cs

@@ -1136,17 +1136,33 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <param name="range">Texture view physical memory ranges</param>
         /// <param name="layerSize">Layer size on the given texture</param>
         /// <param name="caps">Host GPU capabilities</param>
+        /// <param name="allowMs">Indicates that multisample textures are allowed to match non-multisample requested textures</param>
         /// <param name="firstLayer">Texture view initial layer on this texture</param>
         /// <param name="firstLevel">Texture view first mipmap level on this texture</param>
         /// <returns>The level of compatiblilty a view with the given parameters created from this texture has</returns>
-        public TextureViewCompatibility IsViewCompatible(TextureInfo info, MultiRange range, int layerSize, Capabilities caps, out int firstLayer, out int firstLevel)
+        public TextureViewCompatibility IsViewCompatible(TextureInfo info, MultiRange range, int layerSize, Capabilities caps, bool allowMs, out int firstLayer, out int firstLevel)
         {
             TextureViewCompatibility result = TextureViewCompatibility.Full;
 
             result = TextureCompatibility.PropagateViewCompatibility(result, TextureCompatibility.ViewFormatCompatible(Info, info, caps));
             if (result != TextureViewCompatibility.Incompatible)
             {
-                result = TextureCompatibility.PropagateViewCompatibility(result, TextureCompatibility.ViewTargetCompatible(Info, info));
+                bool msTargetCompatible = false;
+
+                if (allowMs)
+                {
+                    msTargetCompatible = Info.Target == Target.Texture2DMultisample && info.Target == Target.Texture2D;
+                }
+
+                if (!msTargetCompatible)
+                {
+                    result = TextureCompatibility.PropagateViewCompatibility(result, TextureCompatibility.ViewTargetCompatible(Info, info));
+
+                    if (Info.SamplesInX != info.SamplesInX || Info.SamplesInY != info.SamplesInY)
+                    {
+                        result = TextureViewCompatibility.Incompatible;
+                    }
+                }
 
                 if (result == TextureViewCompatibility.Full && Info.FormatInfo.Format != info.FormatInfo.Format && !_context.Capabilities.SupportsMismatchingViewFormat)
                 {
@@ -1156,11 +1172,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
                     result = TextureViewCompatibility.CopyOnly;
                 }
-
-                if (Info.SamplesInX != info.SamplesInX || Info.SamplesInY != info.SamplesInY)
-                {
-                    result = TextureViewCompatibility.Incompatible;
-                }
             }
 
             firstLayer = 0;

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureCache.cs

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Types;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Texture;
-using Ryujinx.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Memory.Range;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
@@ -40,6 +39,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         private readonly PhysicalMemory _physicalMemory;
 
         private readonly MultiRangeList<Texture> _textures;
+        private readonly HashSet<Texture> _partiallyMappedTextures;
 
         private Texture[] _textureOverlaps;
         private OverlapInfo[] _overlapInfo;
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             _physicalMemory = physicalMemory;
 
             _textures = new MultiRangeList<Texture>();
+            _partiallyMappedTextures = new HashSet<Texture>();
 
             _textureOverlaps = new Texture[OverlapsBufferInitialCapacity];
             _overlapInfo = new OverlapInfo[OverlapsBufferInitialCapacity];
@@ -74,17 +75,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             Texture[] overlaps = new Texture[10];
             int overlapCount;
 
-            MultiRange unmapped;
-
-            try
-            {
-                unmapped = ((MemoryManager)sender).GetPhysicalRegions(e.Address, e.Size);
-            }
-            catch (InvalidMemoryRegionException)
-            {
-                // This event fires on Map in case any mappings are overwritten. In that case, there may not be an existing mapping.
-                return;
-            }
+            MultiRange unmapped = ((MemoryManager)sender).GetPhysicalRegions(e.Address, e.Size);
 
             lock (_textures)
             {
@@ -95,6 +86,24 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             {
                 overlaps[i].Unmapped(unmapped);
             }
+
+            // If any range was previously unmapped, we also need to purge
+            // all partially mapped texture, as they might be fully mapped now.
+            for (int i = 0; i < unmapped.Count; i++)
+            {
+                if (unmapped.GetSubRange(i).Address == MemoryManager.PteUnmapped)
+                {
+                    lock (_partiallyMappedTextures)
+                    {
+                        foreach (var texture in _partiallyMappedTextures)
+                        {
+                            texture.Unmapped(unmapped);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -194,6 +203,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             TwodTexture copyTexture,
             ulong offset,
             FormatInfo formatInfo,
+            bool shouldCreate,
             bool preferScaling = true,
             Size? sizeHint = null)
         {
@@ -234,6 +244,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 flags |= TextureSearchFlags.WithUpscale;
             }
 
+            if (!shouldCreate)
+            {
+                flags |= TextureSearchFlags.NoCreate;
+            }
+
             Texture texture = FindOrCreateTexture(memoryManager, flags, info, 0, sizeHint);
 
             texture?.SynchronizeMemory();
@@ -480,15 +495,29 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
                 return texture;
             }
+            else if (flags.HasFlag(TextureSearchFlags.NoCreate))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
 
             // Calculate texture sizes, used to find all overlapping textures.
             SizeInfo sizeInfo = info.CalculateSizeInfo(layerSize);
 
             ulong size = (ulong)sizeInfo.TotalSize;
+            bool partiallyMapped = false;
 
             if (range == null)
             {
                 range = memoryManager.GetPhysicalRegions(info.GpuAddress, size);
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < range.Value.Count; i++)
+                {
+                    if (range.Value.GetSubRange(i).Address == MemoryManager.PteUnmapped)
+                    {
+                        partiallyMapped = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
             }
 
             // Find view compatible matches.
@@ -513,7 +542,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             for (int index = 0; index < overlapsCount; index++)
             {
                 Texture overlap = _textureOverlaps[index];
-                TextureViewCompatibility overlapCompatibility = overlap.IsViewCompatible(info, range.Value, sizeInfo.LayerSize, _context.Capabilities, out int firstLayer, out int firstLevel);
+                TextureViewCompatibility overlapCompatibility = overlap.IsViewCompatible(
+                    info,
+                    range.Value,
+                    sizeInfo.LayerSize,
+                    _context.Capabilities,
+                    flags.HasFlag(TextureSearchFlags.ForCopy),
+                    out int firstLayer,
+                    out int firstLevel);
 
                 if (overlapCompatibility == TextureViewCompatibility.Full)
                 {
@@ -621,7 +657,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     Texture overlap = _textureOverlaps[index];
                     bool overlapInCache = overlap.CacheNode != null;
 
-                    TextureViewCompatibility compatibility = texture.IsViewCompatible(overlap.Info, overlap.Range, overlap.LayerSize, _context.Capabilities, out int firstLayer, out int firstLevel);
+                    TextureViewCompatibility compatibility = texture.IsViewCompatible(
+                        overlap.Info,
+                        overlap.Range,
+                        overlap.LayerSize,
+                        _context.Capabilities,
+                        false,
+                        out int firstLayer,
+                        out int firstLevel);
 
                     if (overlap.IsView && compatibility == TextureViewCompatibility.Full)
                     {
@@ -658,7 +701,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     else
                     {
                         bool dataOverlaps = texture.DataOverlaps(overlap, compatibility);
-                        
+
                         if (!overlap.IsView && dataOverlaps && !incompatibleOverlaps.Exists(incompatible => incompatible.Group == overlap.Group))
                         {
                             incompatibleOverlaps.Add(new TextureIncompatibleOverlap(overlap.Group, compatibility));
@@ -774,6 +817,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 _textures.Add(texture);
             }
 
+            if (partiallyMapped)
+            {
+                lock (_partiallyMappedTextures)
+                {
+                    _partiallyMappedTextures.Add(texture);
+                }
+            }
+
             ShrinkOverlapsBufferIfNeeded();
 
             for (int i = 0; i < overlapsCount; i++)
@@ -963,20 +1014,34 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 depthOrLayers = info.DepthOrLayers;
             }
 
+            // 2D and 2D multisample textures are not considered compatible.
+            // This specific case is required for copies, where the source texture might be multisample.
+            // In this case, we inherit the parent texture multisample state.
+            Target target = info.Target;
+            int samplesInX = info.SamplesInX;
+            int samplesInY = info.SamplesInY;
+
+            if (target == Target.Texture2D && parent.Target == Target.Texture2DMultisample)
+            {
+                target = Target.Texture2DMultisample;
+                samplesInX = parent.Info.SamplesInX;
+                samplesInY = parent.Info.SamplesInY;
+            }
+
             return new TextureInfo(
                 info.GpuAddress,
                 width,
                 height,
                 depthOrLayers,
                 info.Levels,
-                info.SamplesInX,
-                info.SamplesInY,
+                samplesInX,
+                samplesInY,
                 info.Stride,
                 info.IsLinear,
                 info.GobBlocksInY,
                 info.GobBlocksInZ,
                 info.GobBlocksInTileX,
-                info.Target,
+                target,
                 info.FormatInfo,
                 info.DepthStencilMode,
                 info.SwizzleR,
@@ -1069,6 +1134,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             {
                 _textures.Remove(texture);
             }
+
+            lock (_partiallyMappedTextures)
+            {
+                _partiallyMappedTextures.Remove(texture);
+            }
         }
 
         /// <summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureCompatibility.cs

@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 }
 
                 if ((lhs.FormatInfo.Format == Format.D24UnormS8Uint ||
-                     lhs.FormatInfo.Format == Format.D24X8Unorm) && rhs.FormatInfo.Format == Format.B8G8R8A8Unorm)
+                     lhs.FormatInfo.Format == Format.S8UintD24Unorm) && rhs.FormatInfo.Format == Format.B8G8R8A8Unorm)
                 {
                     return TextureMatchQuality.FormatAlias;
                 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureGroup.cs

@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Synchronize memory for a given texture. 
+        /// Synchronize memory for a given texture.
         /// If overlapping tracking handles are dirty, fully or partially synchronize the texture data.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="texture">The texture being used</param>
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
                     // Evaluate if any copy dependencies need to be fulfilled. A few rules:
                     // If the copy handle needs to be synchronized, prefer our own state.
-                    // If we need to be synchronized and there is a copy present, prefer the copy. 
+                    // If we need to be synchronized and there is a copy present, prefer the copy.
 
                     if (group.NeedsCopy && group.Copy(_context))
                     {
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Evaluate the range of tracking handles which a view texture overlaps with, 
+        /// Evaluate the range of tracking handles which a view texture overlaps with,
         /// using the view's position and slice/level counts.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="firstLayer">The first layer of the texture</param>
@@ -879,7 +879,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 int sliceStart = Math.Clamp(offset, 0, subRangeSize);
                 int sliceEnd = Math.Clamp(endOffset, 0, subRangeSize);
 
-                if (sliceStart != sliceEnd)
+                if (sliceStart != sliceEnd && item.Address != MemoryManager.PteUnmapped)
                 {
                     result.Add(GenerateHandle(item.Address + (ulong)sliceStart, (ulong)(sliceEnd - sliceStart)));
                 }
@@ -1097,11 +1097,20 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             {
                 // Single dirty region.
                 var cpuRegionHandles = new CpuRegionHandle[TextureRange.Count];
+                int count = 0;
 
                 for (int i = 0; i < TextureRange.Count; i++)
                 {
                     var currentRange = TextureRange.GetSubRange(i);
-                    cpuRegionHandles[i] = GenerateHandle(currentRange.Address, currentRange.Size);
+                    if (currentRange.Address != MemoryManager.PteUnmapped)
+                    {
+                        cpuRegionHandles[count++] = GenerateHandle(currentRange.Address, currentRange.Size);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (count != TextureRange.Count)
+                {
+                    Array.Resize(ref cpuRegionHandles, count);
                 }
 
                 var groupHandle = new TextureGroupHandle(this, 0, Storage.Size, _views, 0, 0, 0, _allOffsets.Length, cpuRegionHandles);
@@ -1277,7 +1286,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                         TextureInfo info = Storage.Info;
                         TextureInfo otherInfo = other.Storage.Info;
 
-                        if (TextureCompatibility.ViewLayoutCompatible(info, otherInfo, level, otherLevel) && 
+                        if (TextureCompatibility.ViewLayoutCompatible(info, otherInfo, level, otherLevel) &&
                             TextureCompatibility.CopySizeMatches(info, otherInfo, level, otherLevel))
                         {
                             // These textures are copy compatible. Create the dependency.
@@ -1384,6 +1393,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <param name="size">The size of the flushing memory access</param>
         public void FlushAction(TextureGroupHandle handle, ulong address, ulong size)
         {
+            // There is a small gap here where the action is removed but _actionRegistered is still 1.
+            // In this case it will skip registering the action, but here we are already handling it,
+            // so there shouldn't be any issue as it's the same handler for all actions.
+
+            handle.ClearActionRegistered();
+
             if (!handle.Modified)
             {
                 return;

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureGroupHandle.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 {
@@ -32,9 +33,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         private ulong _modifiedSync;
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Whether a tracking action is currently registered or not.
+        /// Whether a tracking action is currently registered or not. (0/1)
         /// </summary>
-        private bool _actionRegistered;
+        private int _actionRegistered;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Whether a sync action is currently registered or not.
@@ -171,11 +172,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 _syncActionRegistered = true;
             }
 
-            if (!_actionRegistered)
+            if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref _actionRegistered, 1) == 0)
             {
                 _group.RegisterAction(this);
-
-                _actionRegistered = true;
             }
         }
 
@@ -233,8 +232,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <param name="context">The GPU context used to wait for sync</param>
         public void Sync(GpuContext context)
         {
-            _actionRegistered = false;
-
             bool needsSync = !context.IsGpuThread();
 
             if (needsSync)
@@ -263,21 +260,39 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             }
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Clears the action registered variable, indicating that the tracking action should be
+        /// re-registered on the next modification.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void ClearActionRegistered()
+        {
+            Interlocked.Exchange(ref _actionRegistered, 0);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Action to perform when a sync number is registered after modification.
         /// This action will register a read tracking action on the memory tracking handle so that a flush from CPU can happen.
         /// </summary>
         private void SyncAction()
         {
+            // The storage will need to signal modified again to update the sync number in future.
+            _group.Storage.SignalModifiedDirty();
+
+            lock (Overlaps)
+            {
+                foreach (Texture texture in Overlaps)
+                {
+                    texture.SignalModifiedDirty();
+                }
+            }
+
             // Register region tracking for CPU? (again)
             _registeredSync = _modifiedSync;
             _syncActionRegistered = false;
 
-            if (!_actionRegistered)
+            if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref _actionRegistered, 1) == 0)
             {
                 _group.RegisterAction(this);
-
-                _actionRegistered = true;
             }
         }