GPU: Don't trigger uploads for redundant buffer updates (#3828)

* Initial implementation

* Actually do The Thing

* Add remark about performance to IVirtualMemoryManager

Ryujinx.Ava/App.axaml.cs

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
     {
         public override void Initialize()
         {
+            Name = $"Ryujinx {Program.Version}";
+
             AvaloniaXamlLoader.Load(this);
         }
 

Ryujinx.Ava/AppHost.cs

@@ -349,7 +349,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
 
             _isActive = false;
 
+            if (_renderingThread.IsAlive)
+            {
                 _renderingThread.Join();
+            }
 
             DisplaySleep.Restore();
 
@@ -417,7 +420,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
         public async Task<bool> LoadGuestApplication()
         {
             InitializeSwitchInstance();
-
             MainWindow.UpdateGraphicsConfig();
 
             SystemVersion firmwareVersion = ContentManager.GetCurrentFirmwareVersion();
@@ -428,17 +430,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
                 {
                     if (userError == UserError.NoFirmware)
                     {
-                        string message = string.Format(LocaleManager.Instance["DialogFirmwareInstallEmbeddedMessage"],
-                            firmwareVersion.VersionString);
-
                         UserResult result = await ContentDialogHelper.CreateConfirmationDialog(
-                            LocaleManager.Instance["DialogFirmwareNoFirmwareInstalledMessage"], message,
-                            LocaleManager.Instance["InputDialogYes"], LocaleManager.Instance["InputDialogNo"], "");
+                            LocaleManager.Instance["DialogFirmwareNoFirmwareInstalledMessage"],
+                            string.Format(LocaleManager.Instance["DialogFirmwareInstallEmbeddedMessage"], firmwareVersion.VersionString),
+                            LocaleManager.Instance["InputDialogYes"],
+                            LocaleManager.Instance["InputDialogNo"],
+                            "");
 
                         if (result != UserResult.Yes)
                         {
-                            Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(async () => await
-                                UserErrorDialog.ShowUserErrorDialog(userError, _parent));
+                            await UserErrorDialog.ShowUserErrorDialog(userError, _parent);
                             Device.Dispose();
 
                             return false;
@@ -447,8 +448,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
 
                     if (!SetupValidator.TryFixStartApplication(ContentManager, ApplicationPath, userError, out _))
                     {
-                        Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(async () => await
-                            UserErrorDialog.ShowUserErrorDialog(userError, _parent));
+                        await UserErrorDialog.ShowUserErrorDialog(userError, _parent);
                         Device.Dispose();
 
                         return false;
@@ -461,11 +461,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
 
                         _parent.RefreshFirmwareStatus();
 
-                        string message = string.Format(LocaleManager.Instance["DialogFirmwareInstallEmbeddedSuccessMessage"], firmwareVersion.VersionString);
-
                         await ContentDialogHelper.CreateInfoDialog(
                             string.Format(LocaleManager.Instance["DialogFirmwareInstalledMessage"], firmwareVersion.VersionString),
-                            message,
+                            string.Format(LocaleManager.Instance["DialogFirmwareInstallEmbeddedSuccessMessage"], firmwareVersion.VersionString),
                             LocaleManager.Instance["InputDialogOk"],
                             "",
                             LocaleManager.Instance["RyujinxInfo"]);
@@ -473,9 +471,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(async () => await
-                        UserErrorDialog.ShowUserErrorDialog(userError, _parent));
-
+                    await UserErrorDialog.ShowUserErrorDialog(userError, _parent);
                     Device.Dispose();
 
                     return false;
@@ -514,7 +510,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
             }
             else if (File.Exists(ApplicationPath))
             {
-                switch (System.IO.Path.GetExtension(ApplicationPath).ToLowerInvariant())
+                switch (Path.GetExtension(ApplicationPath).ToLowerInvariant())
                 {
                     case ".xci":
                         {

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Applet/AvaHostUiHandler.cs

@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Applet
 
                     object response = await msgDialog.Run();
 
-                    if (response != null && buttons.Length > 1 && (int)response != buttons.Length - 1)
+                    if (response != null && buttons != null && buttons.Length > 1 && (int)response != buttons.Length - 1)
                     {
                         showDetails = true;
                     }

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Controls/OpenGLEmbeddedWindow.cs

@@ -69,12 +69,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Controls
 
         public void MakeCurrent()
         {
-            Context.MakeCurrent(_window);
+            Context?.MakeCurrent(_window);
         }
 
         public void MakeCurrent(NativeWindowBase window)
         {
-            Context.MakeCurrent(window);
+            Context?.MakeCurrent(window);
         }
 
         public void SwapBuffers()

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Windows/MainWindow.axaml.cs

@@ -251,9 +251,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Windows
 
             AppHost = new AppHost(RendererControl, InputManager, path, VirtualFileSystem, ContentManager, AccountManager, _userChannelPersistence, this);
 
-            if (!AppHost.LoadGuestApplication().Result)
+            Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(async () =>
+            {
+                if (!await AppHost.LoadGuestApplication())
                 {
                     AppHost.DisposeContext();
+                    AppHost = null;
 
                     return;
                 }
@@ -264,11 +267,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Windows
                 SwitchToGameControl(startFullscreen);
 
                 _currentEmulatedGamePath = path;
-            Thread gameThread = new Thread(InitializeGame)
+
+                Thread gameThread = new(InitializeGame)
                 {
                     Name = "GUI.WindowThread"
                 };
                 gameThread.Start();
+            });
         }
 
         private void InitializeGame()
@@ -546,10 +551,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Windows
         {
             ApplicationLibrary.LoadAndSaveMetaData(titleId, appMetadata =>
             {
-                DateTime lastPlayedDateTime = DateTime.Parse(appMetadata.LastPlayed);
+                if (DateTime.TryParse(appMetadata.LastPlayed, out DateTime lastPlayedDateTime))
+                {
                     double sessionTimePlayed = DateTime.UtcNow.Subtract(lastPlayedDateTime).TotalSeconds;
 
                     appMetadata.TimePlayed += Math.Round(sessionTimePlayed, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero);
+                }
             });
         }
 

Ryujinx.Common/Extensions/BinaryReaderExtensions.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using System;
 using System.IO;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Common
@@ -7,49 +8,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common
     public static class BinaryReaderExtensions
     {
         public unsafe static T ReadStruct<T>(this BinaryReader reader)
-            where T : struct
+            where T : unmanaged
         {
-            int size = Marshal.SizeOf<T>();
-
-            byte[] data = reader.ReadBytes(size);
-
-            fixed (byte* ptr = data)
-            {
-                return Marshal.PtrToStructure<T>((IntPtr)ptr);
-            }
-        }
-
-        public unsafe static T[] ReadStructArray<T>(this BinaryReader reader, int count)
-            where T : struct
-        {
-            int size = Marshal.SizeOf<T>();
-
-            T[] result = new T[count];
-
-            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
-            {
-                byte[] data = reader.ReadBytes(size);
-
-                fixed (byte* ptr = data)
-                {
-                    result[i] = Marshal.PtrToStructure<T>((IntPtr)ptr);
-                }
-            }
-
-            return result;
+            return MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, T>(reader.ReadBytes(Unsafe.SizeOf<T>()))[0];
         }
 
         public unsafe static void WriteStruct<T>(this BinaryWriter writer, T value)
-            where T : struct
+            where T : unmanaged
         {
-            long size = Marshal.SizeOf<T>();
-
-            byte[] data = new byte[size];
-
-            fixed (byte* ptr = data)
-            {
-                Marshal.StructureToPtr<T>(value, (IntPtr)ptr, false);
-            }
+            ReadOnlySpan<byte> data = MemoryMarshal.Cast<T, byte>(MemoryMarshal.CreateReadOnlySpan(ref value, 1));
 
             writer.Write(data);
         }

Ryujinx.Cpu/Jit/MemoryManager.cs

@@ -180,6 +180,37 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit
             WriteImpl(va, data);
         }
 
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public bool WriteWithRedundancyCheck(ulong va, ReadOnlySpan<byte> data)
+        {
+            if (data.Length == 0)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            SignalMemoryTracking(va, (ulong)data.Length, false);
+
+            if (IsContiguousAndMapped(va, data.Length))
+            {
+                var target = _backingMemory.GetSpan(GetPhysicalAddressInternal(va), data.Length);
+
+                bool changed = !data.SequenceEqual(target);
+
+                if (changed)
+                {
+                    data.CopyTo(target);
+                }
+
+                return changed;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                WriteImpl(va, data);
+
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Writes data to CPU mapped memory.
         /// </summary>

Ryujinx.Cpu/Jit/MemoryManagerHostMapped.cs

@@ -307,6 +307,34 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit
             }
         }
 
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public bool WriteWithRedundancyCheck(ulong va, ReadOnlySpan<byte> data)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                SignalMemoryTracking(va, (ulong)data.Length, false);
+
+                Span<byte> target = _addressSpaceMirror.GetSpan(va, data.Length);
+                bool changed = !data.SequenceEqual(target);
+
+                if (changed)
+                {
+                    data.CopyTo(target);
+                }
+
+                return changed;
+            }
+            catch (InvalidMemoryRegionException)
+            {
+                if (_invalidAccessHandler == null || !_invalidAccessHandler(va))
+                {
+                    throw;
+                }
+
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         public ReadOnlySpan<byte> GetSpan(ulong va, int size, bool tracked = false)
         {

Ryujinx.Cpu/MemoryHelper.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using Ryujinx.Memory;
 using System;
 using System.IO;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Text;
 
@@ -23,34 +24,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
             }
         }
 
-        public unsafe static T Read<T>(IVirtualMemoryManager memory, ulong position) where T : struct
+        public unsafe static T Read<T>(IVirtualMemoryManager memory, ulong position) where T : unmanaged
         {
-            long size = Marshal.SizeOf<T>();
-
-            byte[] data = new byte[size];
-
-            memory.Read(position, data);
-
-            fixed (byte* ptr = data)
-            {
-                return Marshal.PtrToStructure<T>((IntPtr)ptr);
-            }
+            return MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, T>(memory.GetSpan(position, Unsafe.SizeOf<T>()))[0];
         }
 
-        public unsafe static ulong Write<T>(IVirtualMemoryManager memory, ulong position, T value) where T : struct
+        public unsafe static ulong Write<T>(IVirtualMemoryManager memory, ulong position, T value) where T : unmanaged
         {
-            long size = Marshal.SizeOf<T>();
-
-            byte[] data = new byte[size];
-
-            fixed (byte* ptr = data)
-            {
-                Marshal.StructureToPtr<T>(value, (IntPtr)ptr, false);
-            }
+            ReadOnlySpan<byte> data = MemoryMarshal.Cast<T, byte>(MemoryMarshal.CreateReadOnlySpan(ref value, 1));
 
             memory.Write(position, data);
 
-            return (ulong)size;
+            return (ulong)data.Length;
         }
 
         public static string ReadAsciiString(IVirtualMemoryManager memory, ulong position, long maxSize = -1)

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/ThreadedRenderer.cs

@@ -422,7 +422,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading
 
             // Stop the GPU thread.
             _disposed = true;
+
+            if (_gpuThread != null && _gpuThread.IsAlive)
+            {
                 _gpuThread.Join();
+            }
 
             // Dispose the renderer.
             _baseRenderer.Dispose();

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/ConstantBufferUpdater.cs

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
     /// </summary>
     class ConstantBufferUpdater
     {
+        private const int UniformDataCacheSize = 512;
+
         private readonly GpuChannel _channel;
         private readonly DeviceStateWithShadow<ThreedClassState> _state;
 
@@ -16,6 +18,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         private ulong _ubBeginCpuAddress = 0;
         private ulong _ubFollowUpAddress = 0;
         private ulong _ubByteCount = 0;
+        private int _ubIndex = 0;
+        private int[] _ubData = new int[UniformDataCacheSize];
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Creates a new instance of the constant buffer updater.
@@ -108,9 +112,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
             if (_ubFollowUpAddress != 0)
             {
                 var memoryManager = _channel.MemoryManager;
+
+                Span<byte> data = MemoryMarshal.Cast<int, byte>(_ubData.AsSpan(0, (int)(_ubByteCount / 4)));
+
+                if (memoryManager.Physical.WriteWithRedundancyCheck(_ubBeginCpuAddress, data))
+                {
                     memoryManager.Physical.BufferCache.ForceDirty(memoryManager, _ubFollowUpAddress - _ubByteCount, _ubByteCount);
+                }
 
                 _ubFollowUpAddress = 0;
+                _ubIndex = 0;
             }
         }
 
@@ -124,7 +135,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
 
             ulong address = uniformBuffer.Address.Pack() + (uint)uniformBuffer.Offset;
 
-            if (_ubFollowUpAddress != address)
+            if (_ubFollowUpAddress != address || _ubIndex == _ubData.Length)
             {
                 FlushUboDirty();
 
@@ -132,8 +143,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 _ubBeginCpuAddress = _channel.MemoryManager.Translate(address);
             }
 
-            var byteData = MemoryMarshal.Cast<int, byte>(MemoryMarshal.CreateSpan(ref argument, 1));
-            _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.WriteUntracked(_ubBeginCpuAddress + _ubByteCount, byteData);
+            _ubData[_ubIndex++] = argument;
 
             _ubFollowUpAddress = address + 4;
             _ubByteCount += 4;
@@ -153,7 +163,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
 
             ulong size = (ulong)data.Length * 4;
 
-            if (_ubFollowUpAddress != address)
+            if (_ubFollowUpAddress != address || _ubIndex + data.Length > _ubData.Length)
             {
                 FlushUboDirty();
 
@@ -161,8 +171,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 _ubBeginCpuAddress = _channel.MemoryManager.Translate(address);
             }
 
-            var byteData = MemoryMarshal.Cast<int, byte>(data);
-            _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.WriteUntracked(_ubBeginCpuAddress + _ubByteCount, byteData);
+            data.CopyTo(_ubData.AsSpan(_ubIndex));
+            _ubIndex += data.Length;
 
             _ubFollowUpAddress = address + size;
             _ubByteCount += size;

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/PhysicalMemory.cs

@@ -242,6 +242,19 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
             WriteImpl(range, data, _cpuMemory.WriteUntracked);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes data to the application process, returning false if the data was not changed.
+        /// This triggers read memory tracking, as a redundancy check would be useless if the data is not up to date.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>The memory manager can return that memory has changed when it hasn't to avoid expensive data copies.</remarks>
+        /// <param name="address">Address to write into</param>
+        /// <param name="data">Data to be written</param>
+        /// <returns>True if the data was changed, false otherwise</returns>
+        public bool WriteWithRedundancyCheck(ulong address, ReadOnlySpan<byte> data)
+        {
+            return _cpuMemory.WriteWithRedundancyCheck(address, data);
+        }
+
         private delegate void WriteCallback(ulong address, ReadOnlySpan<byte> data);
 
         /// <summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Window.cs

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
         private const int TextureCount = 3;
         private readonly OpenGLRenderer _renderer;
 
+        private bool _initialized;
+
         private int _width;
         private int _height;
         private int _copyFramebufferHandle;
@@ -179,6 +181,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
         public void InitializeBackgroundContext(IOpenGLContext baseContext)
         {
             BackgroundContext = new BackgroundContextWorker(baseContext);
+            _initialized = true;
         }
 
         public void CaptureFrame(int x, int y, int width, int height, bool isBgra, bool flipX, bool flipY)
@@ -193,6 +196,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
 
         public void Dispose()
         {
+            if (!_initialized)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
             BackgroundContext.Dispose();
 
             if (_copyFramebufferHandle != 0)

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/VulkanRenderer.cs

@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         private Device _device;
         private WindowBase _window;
 
+        private bool _initialized;
+
         internal FormatCapabilities FormatCapabilities { get; private set; }
         internal HardwareCapabilities Capabilities;
 
@@ -266,6 +268,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             LoadFeatures(supportedExtensions, maxQueueCount, queueFamilyIndex);
 
             _window = new Window(this, _surface, _physicalDevice, _device);
+
+            _initialized = true;
         }
 
         public BufferHandle CreateBuffer(int size)
@@ -573,6 +577,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
         public unsafe void Dispose()
         {
+            if (!_initialized)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
             CommandBufferPool.Dispose();
             BackgroundResources.Dispose();
             _counters.Dispose();

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Applets/SoftwareKeyboard/SoftwareKeyboardApplet.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid;
+using Ryujinx.Common;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Applets.SoftwareKeyboard;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Am.AppletAE;
@@ -9,6 +10,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Memory;
 using System;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.IO;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Text;
 
@@ -78,13 +80,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Applets
                 var launchParams   = _normalSession.Pop();
                 var keyboardConfig = _normalSession.Pop();
 
-                _isBackground = keyboardConfig.Length == Marshal.SizeOf<SoftwareKeyboardInitialize>();
+                _isBackground = keyboardConfig.Length == Unsafe.SizeOf<SoftwareKeyboardInitialize>();
 
                 if (_isBackground)
                 {
                     // Initialize the keyboard applet in background mode.
 
-                    _keyboardBackgroundInitialize = ReadStruct<SoftwareKeyboardInitialize>(keyboardConfig);
+                    _keyboardBackgroundInitialize = MemoryMarshal.Read<SoftwareKeyboardInitialize>(keyboardConfig);
                     _backgroundState              = InlineKeyboardState.Uninitialized;
 
                     if (_device.UiHandler == null)
@@ -342,7 +344,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Applets
                         else
                         {
                             int wordsCount = reader.ReadInt32();
-                            int wordSize = Marshal.SizeOf<SoftwareKeyboardUserWord>();
+                            int wordSize = Unsafe.SizeOf<SoftwareKeyboardUserWord>();
                             remaining = stream.Length - stream.Position;
 
                             if (wordsCount > MaxUserWords)
@@ -359,8 +361,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Applets
 
                                 for (int word = 0; word < wordsCount; word++)
                                 {
-                                    byte[] wordData = reader.ReadBytes(wordSize);
-                                    _keyboardBackgroundUserWords[word] = ReadStruct<SoftwareKeyboardUserWord>(wordData);
+                                    _keyboardBackgroundUserWords[word] = reader.ReadStruct<SoftwareKeyboardUserWord>();
                                 }
                             }
                         }
@@ -369,27 +370,25 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Applets
                     case InlineKeyboardRequest.SetCustomizeDic:
                         // Read the custom dic data.
                         remaining = stream.Length - stream.Position;
-                        if (remaining != Marshal.SizeOf<SoftwareKeyboardCustomizeDic>())
+                        if (remaining != Unsafe.SizeOf<SoftwareKeyboardCustomizeDic>())
                         {
                             Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.ServiceAm, $"Received invalid Software Keyboard Customize Dic of {remaining} bytes");
                         }
                         else
                         {
-                            var keyboardDicData = reader.ReadBytes((int)remaining);
-                            _keyboardBackgroundDic = ReadStruct<SoftwareKeyboardCustomizeDic>(keyboardDicData);
+                            _keyboardBackgroundDic = reader.ReadStruct<SoftwareKeyboardCustomizeDic>();
                         }
                         break;
                     case InlineKeyboardRequest.SetCustomizedDictionaries:
                         // Read the custom dictionaries data.
                         remaining = stream.Length - stream.Position;
-                        if (remaining != Marshal.SizeOf<SoftwareKeyboardDictSet>())
+                        if (remaining != Unsafe.SizeOf<SoftwareKeyboardDictSet>())
                         {
                             Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.ServiceAm, $"Received invalid Software Keyboard DictSet of {remaining} bytes");
                         }
                         else
                         {
-                            var keyboardDictData = reader.ReadBytes((int)remaining);
-                            _keyboardBackgroundDictSet = ReadStruct<SoftwareKeyboardDictSet>(keyboardDictData);
+                            _keyboardBackgroundDictSet = reader.ReadStruct<SoftwareKeyboardDictSet>();
                         }
                         break;
                     case InlineKeyboardRequest.Calc:

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Applets/SoftwareKeyboard/SoftwareKeyboardCustomizeDic.cs

@@ -5,10 +5,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Applets.SoftwareKeyboard
     /// <summary>
     /// A structure used by SetCustomizeDic request to software keyboard.
     /// </summary>
-    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 4)]
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Size = 0x70)]
     struct SoftwareKeyboardCustomizeDic
     {
-        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 112)]
-        public byte[] Unknown;
+        // Unknown
     }
 }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Applets/SoftwareKeyboard/SoftwareKeyboardDictSet.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Applets.SoftwareKeyboard
 {
@@ -21,8 +22,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Applets.SoftwareKeyboard
         /// <summary>
         /// Array of word entries in the buffer.
         /// </summary>
-        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 24)]
-        public ulong[] Entries;
+        public Array24<ulong> Entries;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Number of used entries in the Entries field.

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Applets/SoftwareKeyboard/SoftwareKeyboardUserWord.cs

@@ -5,10 +5,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Applets.SoftwareKeyboard
     /// <summary>
     /// A structure used by SetUserWordInfo request to the software keyboard.
     /// </summary>
-    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 4)]
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Size = 0x64)]
     struct SoftwareKeyboardUserWord
     {
-        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 100)]
-        public byte[] Unknown;
+        // Unknown
     }
 }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Horizon.cs

@@ -479,7 +479,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
 
                 AudioRendererManager.Dispose();
 
+                if (LibHacHorizonManager.ApplicationClient != null)
+                {
                     LibHacHorizonManager.PmClient.Fs.UnregisterProgram(LibHacHorizonManager.ApplicationClient.Os.GetCurrentProcessId().Value).ThrowIfFailure();
+                }
 
                 KernelContext.Dispose();
             }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Friend/ServiceCreator/FriendService/Types/UserPresence.cs

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
-using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Account.Acc;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Account.Acc;
+using System;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Text;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Friend.ServiceCreator.FriendService
 {
-    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 0x8, CharSet = CharSet.Ansi)]
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 0x8)]
     struct UserPresence
     {
         public UserId         UserId;
@@ -13,15 +16,20 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Friend.ServiceCreator.FriendService
         [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I1)]
         public bool SamePresenceGroupApplication;
 
-        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 0x3)]
-        public char[] Unknown;
+        public Array3<byte> Unknown;
+        private AppKeyValueStorageHolder _appKeyValueStorage;
 
-        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 0xC0)]
-        public char[] AppKeyValueStorage;
+        public Span<byte> AppKeyValueStorage => MemoryMarshal.Cast<AppKeyValueStorageHolder, byte>(MemoryMarshal.CreateSpan(ref _appKeyValueStorage, AppKeyValueStorageHolder.Size));
+
+        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 0x1, Size = Size)]
+        private struct AppKeyValueStorageHolder
+        {
+            public const int Size = 0xC0;
+        }
 
         public override string ToString()
         {
-            return $"UserPresence {{ UserId: {UserId}, LastTimeOnlineTimestamp: {LastTimeOnlineTimestamp}, Status: {Status}, AppKeyValueStorage: {AppKeyValueStorage} }}";
+            return $"UserPresence {{ UserId: {UserId}, LastTimeOnlineTimestamp: {LastTimeOnlineTimestamp}, Status: {Status}, AppKeyValueStorage: {Encoding.ASCII.GetString(AppKeyValueStorage)} }}";
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Friend/ServiceCreator/IFriendService.cs

@@ -236,23 +236,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Friend.ServiceCreator
             ulong position = context.Request.PtrBuff[0].Position;
             ulong size     = context.Request.PtrBuff[0].Size;
 
-            byte[] bufferContent = new byte[size];
-
-            context.Memory.Read(position, bufferContent);
+            ReadOnlySpan<UserPresence> userPresenceInputArray = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, UserPresence>(context.Memory.GetSpan(position, (int)size));
 
             if (uuid.IsNull)
             {
                 return ResultCode.InvalidArgument;
             }
 
-            int elementCount = bufferContent.Length / Marshal.SizeOf<UserPresence>();
-
-            using (BinaryReader bufferReader = new BinaryReader(new MemoryStream(bufferContent)))
-            {
-                UserPresence[] userPresenceInputArray = bufferReader.ReadStructArray<UserPresence>(elementCount);
-
-                Logger.Stub?.PrintStub(LogClass.ServiceFriend, new { UserId = uuid.ToString(), userPresenceInputArray });
-            }
+            Logger.Stub?.PrintStub(LogClass.ServiceFriend, new { UserId = uuid.ToString(), userPresenceInputArray = userPresenceInputArray.ToArray() });
 
             return ResultCode.Success;
         }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Friend/ServiceCreator/NotificationService/Types/NotificationInfo.cs

@@ -1,15 +1,13 @@
-using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Friend.ServiceCreator.NotificationService
 {
-    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 0x8, Size = 0x10)]
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Size = 0x10)]
     struct NotificationInfo
     {
         public NotificationEventType Type;
-
-        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 0x4)]
-        public char[] Padding;
-
+        private Array4<byte> _padding;
         public long NetworkUserIdPlaceholder;
     }
 }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Sdb/Pdm/QueryService/QueryPlayStatisticsManager.cs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Sdb.Pdm.QueryService.Types;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Sdb.Pdm.QueryService
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Sdb.Pdm.QueryService
 
             for (int i = 0; i < filteredApplicationPlayStatistics.Count(); i++)
             {
-                MemoryHelper.Write(context.Memory, outputPosition + (ulong)(i * Marshal.SizeOf<ApplicationPlayStatistics>()), filteredApplicationPlayStatistics.ElementAt(i).Value);
+                MemoryHelper.Write(context.Memory, outputPosition + (ulong)(i * Unsafe.SizeOf<ApplicationPlayStatistics>()), filteredApplicationPlayStatistics.ElementAt(i).Value);
             }
 
             context.ResponseData.Write(filteredApplicationPlayStatistics.Count());

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Time/Clock/Types/ClockSnapshot.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.TimeZone;
+using System;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.Clock
@@ -16,14 +17,22 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.Clock
         public CalendarAdditionalInfo NetworkCalendarAdditionalTime;
         public SteadyClockTimePoint   SteadyClockTimePoint;
 
-        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 0x24)]
-        public char[] LocationName;
+        private LocationNameStorageHolder _locationName;
+
+        public Span<byte> LocationName => MemoryMarshal.Cast<LocationNameStorageHolder, byte>(MemoryMarshal.CreateSpan(ref _locationName, LocationNameStorageHolder.Size));
 
         [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I1)]
         public bool   IsAutomaticCorrectionEnabled;
         public byte   Type;
         public ushort Unknown;
 
+
+        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1, Size = Size)]
+        private struct LocationNameStorageHolder
+        {
+            public const int Size = 0x24;
+        }
+
         public static ResultCode GetCurrentTime(out long currentTime, SteadyClockTimePoint steadyClockTimePoint, SystemClockContext context)
         {
             currentTime = 0;

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Time/IStaticServiceForPsc.cs

@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@ using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.TimeZone;
 using System;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.IO;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Text;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time
 {
@@ -281,7 +283,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time
         {
             byte type = context.RequestData.ReadByte();
 
-            context.Response.PtrBuff[0] = context.Response.PtrBuff[0].WithSize((uint)Marshal.SizeOf<ClockSnapshot>());
+            context.Response.PtrBuff[0] = context.Response.PtrBuff[0].WithSize((uint)Unsafe.SizeOf<ClockSnapshot>());
 
             context.RequestData.BaseStream.Position += 7;
 
@@ -372,12 +374,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time
                 return result;
             }
 
-            char[] tzName       = deviceLocationName.ToCharArray();
-            char[] locationName = new char[0x24];
+            ReadOnlySpan<byte> tzName = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(deviceLocationName);
 
-            Array.Copy(tzName, locationName, tzName.Length);
-
-            clockSnapshot.LocationName = locationName;
+            tzName.CopyTo(clockSnapshot.LocationName);
 
             result = ClockSnapshot.GetCurrentTime(out clockSnapshot.UserTime, currentTimePoint, clockSnapshot.UserContext);
 
@@ -414,7 +413,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time
 
         private ClockSnapshot ReadClockSnapshotFromBuffer(ServiceCtx context, IpcPtrBuffDesc ipcDesc)
         {
-            Debug.Assert(ipcDesc.Size == (ulong)Marshal.SizeOf<ClockSnapshot>());
+            Debug.Assert(ipcDesc.Size == (ulong)Unsafe.SizeOf<ClockSnapshot>());
 
             byte[] temp = new byte[ipcDesc.Size];
 

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Time/TimeZone/TimeZone.cs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using Ryujinx.HLE.Utilities;
 using System;
 using System.Buffers.Binary;
 using System.IO;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Text;
 
@@ -890,14 +891,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.TimeZone
 
             long streamLength = reader.BaseStream.Length;
 
-            if (streamLength < Marshal.SizeOf<TzifHeader>())
+            if (streamLength < Unsafe.SizeOf<TzifHeader>())
             {
                 return false;
             }
 
             TzifHeader header = reader.ReadStruct<TzifHeader>();
 
-            streamLength -= Marshal.SizeOf<TzifHeader>();
+            streamLength -= Unsafe.SizeOf<TzifHeader>();
 
             int ttisGMTCount = Detzcode32(header.TtisGMTCount);
             int ttisSTDCount = Detzcode32(header.TtisSTDCount);

Ryujinx.Input/Motion/CemuHook/Protocol/ControllerData.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Input.Motion.CemuHook.Protocol
 {
@@ -8,9 +9,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Input.Motion.CemuHook.Protocol
         public MessageType Type;
         public SubscriberType SubscriberType;
         public byte Slot;
-
-        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 6)]
-        public byte[] MacAddress;
+        public Array6<byte> MacAddress;
     }
 
     [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1)]
@@ -27,11 +26,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Input.Motion.CemuHook.Protocol
         public uint           DPadAnalog;
         public ulong          MainButtonsAnalog;
 
-        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 6)]
-        public byte[] Touch1;
-
-        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 6)]
-        public byte[] Touch2;
+        public Array6<byte> Touch1;
+        public Array6<byte> Touch2;
 
         public ulong MotionTimestamp;
         public float AccelerometerX;

Ryujinx.Input/Motion/CemuHook/Protocol/ControllerInfo.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Input.Motion.CemuHook.Protocol
 {
@@ -14,8 +15,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Input.Motion.CemuHook.Protocol
     {
         public MessageType Type;
         public int PortsCount;
-
-        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 4)]
-        public byte[] PortIndices;
+        public Array4<byte> PortIndices;
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Input/Motion/CemuHook/Protocol/SharedResponse.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Input.Motion.CemuHook.Protocol
 {
@@ -11,8 +12,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Input.Motion.CemuHook.Protocol
         public DeviceModelType ModelType;
         public ConnectionType  ConnectionType;
 
-        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 6)]
-        public byte[]        MacAddress;
+        public Array6<byte> MacAddress;
         public BatteryStatus BatteryStatus;
     }
 

Ryujinx.Memory.Tests/MockVirtualMemoryManager.cs

@@ -44,6 +44,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.Tests
             throw new NotImplementedException();
         }
 
+        public bool WriteWithRedundancyCheck(ulong va, ReadOnlySpan<byte> data)
+        {
+            throw new NotImplementedException();
+        }
+
         public ReadOnlySpan<byte> GetSpan(ulong va, int size, bool tracked = false)
         {
             throw new NotImplementedException();

Ryujinx.Memory/AddressSpaceManager.cs

@@ -136,6 +136,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory
             }
         }
 
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public bool WriteWithRedundancyCheck(ulong va, ReadOnlySpan<byte> data)
+        {
+            Write(va, data);
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         public ReadOnlySpan<byte> GetSpan(ulong va, int size, bool tracked = false)
         {

Ryujinx.Memory/IVirtualMemoryManager.cs

@@ -58,6 +58,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory
         /// <exception cref="InvalidMemoryRegionException">Throw for unhandled invalid or unmapped memory accesses</exception>
         void Write(ulong va, ReadOnlySpan<byte> data);
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes data to the application process, returning false if the data was not changed.
+        /// This triggers read memory tracking, as a redundancy check would be useless if the data is not up to date.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>The memory manager can return that memory has changed when it hasn't to avoid expensive data copies.</remarks>
+        /// <param name="va">Virtual address to write the data into</param>
+        /// <param name="data">Data to be written</param>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidMemoryRegionException">Throw for unhandled invalid or unmapped memory accesses</exception>
+        /// <returns>True if the data was changed, false otherwise</returns>
+        bool WriteWithRedundancyCheck(ulong va, ReadOnlySpan<byte> data);
+
         void Fill(ulong va, ulong size, byte value)
         {
             const int MaxChunkSize = 1 << 24;

Ryujinx/Ui/MainWindow.cs

@@ -735,7 +735,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ui
 
                                 _emulationContext.Dispose();
                                 SwitchToGameTable();
-                                RendererWidget.Dispose();
 
                                 return;
                             }
@@ -747,7 +746,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ui
 
                             _emulationContext.Dispose();
                             SwitchToGameTable();
-                            RendererWidget.Dispose();
 
                             return;
                         }
@@ -770,7 +768,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ui
 
                         _emulationContext.Dispose();
                         SwitchToGameTable();
-                        RendererWidget.Dispose();
 
                         return;
                     }

Ryujinx/Ui/RendererWidgetBase.cs

@@ -519,11 +519,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ui
             _gpuCancellationTokenSource.Cancel();
 
             _isStopped = true;
+            
+            if (_isActive)
+            {
                 _isActive = false;
 
                 _exitEvent.WaitOne();
                 _exitEvent.Dispose();
             }
+        }
 
         private void NVStutterWorkaround()
         {

Ryujinx/Ui/VKRenderer.cs

@@ -72,7 +72,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ui
 
         protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
         {
-            Device.DisposeGpu();
+            Device?.DisposeGpu();
+
             NpadManager.Dispose();
         }
     }