Rewrite kernel memory allocator (#3316)

* Rewrite kernel memory allocator

* Remove unused using

* Adjust private static field naming

* Change UlongBitSize to UInt64BitSize

* Fix unused argument, change argument order to be inline with official code and disable random allocation

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
 
         - os: windows-latest
           OS_NAME: Windows x64
-          DOTNET_RUNTIME_IDENTIFIER: win-x64
+          DOTNET_RUNTIME_IDENTIFIER: win10-x64
           RELEASE_ZIP_OS_NAME: win_x64
 
       fail-fast: false

.github/workflows/nightly_pr_comment.yml

@@ -36,19 +36,24 @@ jobs:
               return core.error(`No artifacts found`);
             }
             let body = `Download the artifacts for this pull request:\n`;
+            let hidden_avalonia_artifacts = `\n\n <details><summary>Experimental GUI (Avalonia)</summary>\n`;
             let hidden_headless_artifacts = `\n\n <details><summary>GUI-less (SDL2)</summary>\n`;
             let hidden_debug_artifacts = `\n\n <details><summary>Only for Developers</summary>\n`;
             for (const art of artifacts) {
               if(art.name.includes('Debug')) {
                 hidden_debug_artifacts += `\n* [${art.name}](https://nightly.link/${owner}/${repo}/actions/artifacts/${art.id}.zip)`;
-              } else if(art.name.includes('headless-sdl2')) {
+              } else if(art.name.includes('ava-ryujinx')) {
+                hidden_avalonia_artifacts += `\n* [${art.name}](https://nightly.link/${owner}/${repo}/actions/artifacts/${art.id}.zip)`;
+              } else if(art.name.includes('sdl2-ryujinx-headless')) {
                 hidden_headless_artifacts += `\n* [${art.name}](https://nightly.link/${owner}/${repo}/actions/artifacts/${art.id}.zip)`;
               } else {
                 body += `\n* [${art.name}](https://nightly.link/${owner}/${repo}/actions/artifacts/${art.id}.zip)`;
               }
             }
+            hidden_avalonia_artifacts += `\n</details>`;
             hidden_headless_artifacts += `\n</details>`;
             hidden_debug_artifacts += `\n</details>`;
+            body += hidden_avalonia_artifacts;
             body += hidden_headless_artifacts;
             body += hidden_debug_artifacts;
 

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@ jobs:
         run: "mkdir release_output"
       - name: Publish Windows
         run: |
-          dotnet publish -c Release -r win-x64 -o ./publish_windows/publish /p:Version="${{ steps.version_info.outputs.build_version }}" /p:SourceRevisionId="${{ steps.version_info.outputs.git_short_hash }}" /p:DebugType=embedded Ryujinx --self-contained
-          dotnet publish -c Release -r win-x64 -o ./publish_windows_sdl2_headless/publish /p:Version="${{ steps.version_info.outputs.build_version }}" /p:SourceRevisionId="${{ steps.version_info.outputs.git_short_hash }}" /p:DebugType=embedded Ryujinx.Headless.SDL2 --self-contained
-          dotnet publish -c Release -r win-x64 -o ./publish_windows_ava/publish /p:Version="${{ steps.version_info.outputs.build_version }}" /p:SourceRevisionId="${{ steps.version_info.outputs.git_short_hash }}" /p:DebugType=embedded Ryujinx.Ava --self-contained
+          dotnet publish -c Release -r win10-x64 -o ./publish_windows/publish /p:Version="${{ steps.version_info.outputs.build_version }}" /p:SourceRevisionId="${{ steps.version_info.outputs.git_short_hash }}" /p:DebugType=embedded Ryujinx --self-contained
+          dotnet publish -c Release -r win10-x64 -o ./publish_windows_sdl2_headless/publish /p:Version="${{ steps.version_info.outputs.build_version }}" /p:SourceRevisionId="${{ steps.version_info.outputs.git_short_hash }}" /p:DebugType=embedded Ryujinx.Headless.SDL2 --self-contained
+          dotnet publish -c Release -r win10-x64 -o ./publish_windows_ava/publish /p:Version="${{ steps.version_info.outputs.build_version }}" /p:SourceRevisionId="${{ steps.version_info.outputs.git_short_hash }}" /p:DebugType=embedded Ryujinx.Ava --self-contained
       - name: Packing Windows builds
         run: |
           pushd publish_windows

ARMeilleure/Instructions/InstEmitSystem.cs

@@ -33,13 +33,13 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
 
             switch (GetPackedId(op))
             {
-                case 0b11_011_0000_0000_001: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetCtrEl0));    break;
-                case 0b11_011_0000_0000_111: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetDczidEl0));  break;
-                case 0b11_011_0100_0010_000: EmitGetNzcv(context);                                                           return;
-                case 0b11_011_0100_0100_000: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetFpcr));      break;
-                case 0b11_011_0100_0100_001: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetFpsr));      break;
-                case 0b11_011_1101_0000_010: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetTpidrEl0));  break;
-                case 0b11_011_1101_0000_011: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetTpidr));     break;
+                case 0b11_011_0000_0000_001: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetCtrEl0)); break;
+                case 0b11_011_0000_0000_111: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetDczidEl0)); break;
+                case 0b11_011_0100_0010_000: EmitGetNzcv(context); return;
+                case 0b11_011_0100_0100_000: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetFpcr)); break;
+                case 0b11_011_0100_0100_001: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetFpsr)); break;
+                case 0b11_011_1101_0000_010: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetTpidrEl0)); break;
+                case 0b11_011_1101_0000_011: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetTpidrroEl0)); break;
                 case 0b11_011_1110_0000_000: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetCntfrqEl0)); break;
                 case 0b11_011_1110_0000_001: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetCntpctEl0)); break;
                 case 0b11_011_1110_0000_010: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetCntvctEl0)); break;

ARMeilleure/Instructions/NativeInterface.cs

@@ -107,14 +107,14 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
             return (uint)GetContext().TpidrEl0;
         }
 
-        public static ulong GetTpidr()
+        public static ulong GetTpidrroEl0()
         {
-            return (ulong)GetContext().Tpidr;
+            return (ulong)GetContext().TpidrroEl0;
         }
 
         public static uint GetTpidr32()
         {
-            return (uint)GetContext().Tpidr;
+            return (uint)GetContext().TpidrroEl0;
         }
 
         public static ulong GetCntfrqEl0()

ARMeilleure/IntermediateRepresentation/Operand.cs

@@ -14,10 +14,11 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.IntermediateRepresentation
             public byte Kind;
             public byte Type;
             public byte SymbolType;
+            public byte Padding; // Unused space.
             public ushort AssignmentsCount;
             public ushort AssignmentsCapacity;
-            public ushort UsesCount;
-            public ushort UsesCapacity;
+            public uint UsesCount;
+            public uint UsesCapacity;
             public Operation* Assignments;
             public Operation* Uses;
             public ulong Value;
@@ -84,11 +85,11 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.IntermediateRepresentation
             {
                 Debug.Assert(Kind != OperandKind.Memory);
 
-                return new ReadOnlySpan<Operation>(_data->Uses, _data->UsesCount);
+                return new ReadOnlySpan<Operation>(_data->Uses, (int)_data->UsesCount);
             }
         }
 
-        public int UsesCount => _data->UsesCount;
+        public int UsesCount => (int)_data->UsesCount;
         public int AssignmentsCount => _data->AssignmentsCount;
 
         public bool Relocatable => Symbol.Type != SymbolType.None;
@@ -178,7 +179,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.IntermediateRepresentation
                 {
                     Add(operation, ref addr._data->Assignments, ref addr._data->AssignmentsCount, ref addr._data->AssignmentsCapacity);
                 }
-                
+
                 if (index != default)
                 {
                     Add(operation, ref index._data->Assignments, ref index._data->AssignmentsCount, ref index._data->AssignmentsCapacity);
@@ -265,6 +266,13 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.IntermediateRepresentation
             data = Allocators.References.Allocate<T>(initialCapacity);
         }
 
+        private static void New<T>(ref T* data, ref uint count, ref uint capacity, uint initialCapacity) where T : unmanaged
+        {
+            count = 0;
+            capacity = initialCapacity;
+            data = Allocators.References.Allocate<T>(initialCapacity);
+        }
+
         private static void Add<T>(T item, ref T* data, ref ushort count, ref ushort capacity) where T : unmanaged
         {
             if (count < capacity)
@@ -294,6 +302,40 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.IntermediateRepresentation
             }
         }
 
+        private static void Add<T>(T item, ref T* data, ref uint count, ref uint capacity) where T : unmanaged
+        {
+            if (count < capacity)
+            {
+                data[count++] = item;
+
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Could not add item in the fast path, fallback onto the slow path.
+            ExpandAdd(item, ref data, ref count, ref capacity);
+
+            static void ExpandAdd(T item, ref T* data, ref uint count, ref uint capacity)
+            {
+                uint newCount = checked(count + 1);
+                uint newCapacity = (uint)Math.Min(capacity * 2, int.MaxValue);
+
+                if (newCapacity <= capacity)
+                {
+                    throw new OverflowException();
+                }
+
+                var oldSpan = new Span<T>(data, (int)count);
+
+                capacity = newCapacity;
+                data = Allocators.References.Allocate<T>(capacity);
+
+                oldSpan.CopyTo(new Span<T>(data, (int)count));
+
+                data[count] = item;
+                count = newCount;
+            }
+        }
+
         private static void Remove<T>(in T item, ref T* data, ref ushort count) where T : unmanaged
         {
             var span = new Span<T>(data, count);
@@ -314,6 +356,26 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.IntermediateRepresentation
             }
         }
 
+        private static void Remove<T>(in T item, ref T* data, ref uint count) where T : unmanaged
+        {
+            var span = new Span<T>(data, (int)count);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < span.Length; i++)
+            {
+                if (EqualityComparer<T>.Default.Equals(span[i], item))
+                {
+                    if (i + 1 < count)
+                    {
+                        span.Slice(i + 1).CopyTo(span.Slice(i));
+                    }
+
+                    count--;
+
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         public override int GetHashCode()
         {
             if (Kind == OperandKind.LocalVariable)

ARMeilleure/State/ExceptionCallback.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+namespace ARMeilleure.State
+{
+    public delegate void ExceptionCallbackNoArgs(ExecutionContext context);
+    public delegate void ExceptionCallback(ExecutionContext context, ulong address, int id);
+}

ARMeilleure/State/ExecutionContext.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 using ARMeilleure.Memory;
 using System;
-using System.Diagnostics;
 
 namespace ARMeilleure.State
 {
@@ -14,34 +13,22 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.State
 
         private bool _interrupted;
 
-        private static Stopwatch _tickCounter;
+        private readonly ICounter _counter;
 
-        private static double _hostTickFreq;
+        public ulong Pc => _nativeContext.GetPc();
 
-        public uint CtrEl0   => 0x8444c004;
+        public uint CtrEl0 => 0x8444c004;
         public uint DczidEl0 => 0x00000004;
 
-        public ulong CntfrqEl0 { get; set; }
-        public ulong CntpctEl0
-        {
-            get
-            {
-                double ticks = _tickCounter.ElapsedTicks * _hostTickFreq;
-
-                return (ulong)(ticks * CntfrqEl0);
-            }
-        }
+        public ulong CntfrqEl0 => _counter.Frequency;
+        public ulong CntpctEl0 => _counter.Counter;
 
         // CNTVCT_EL0 = CNTPCT_EL0 - CNTVOFF_EL2
         // Since EL2 isn't implemented, CNTVOFF_EL2 = 0
         public ulong CntvctEl0 => CntpctEl0;
 
-        public static TimeSpan ElapsedTime => _tickCounter.Elapsed;
-        public static long ElapsedTicks => _tickCounter.ElapsedTicks;
-        public static double TickFrequency => _hostTickFreq;
-
         public long TpidrEl0 { get; set; }
-        public long Tpidr    { get; set; }
+        public long TpidrroEl0 { get; set; }
 
         public uint Pstate
         {
@@ -78,35 +65,38 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.State
             private set => _nativeContext.SetRunning(value);
         }
 
-        public event EventHandler<EventArgs>              Interrupt;
-        public event EventHandler<InstExceptionEventArgs> Break;
-        public event EventHandler<InstExceptionEventArgs> SupervisorCall;
-        public event EventHandler<InstUndefinedEventArgs> Undefined;
+        private readonly ExceptionCallbackNoArgs _interruptCallback;
+        private readonly ExceptionCallback _breakCallback;
+        private readonly ExceptionCallback _supervisorCallback;
+        private readonly ExceptionCallback _undefinedCallback;
 
-        static ExecutionContext()
-        {
-            _hostTickFreq = 1.0 / Stopwatch.Frequency;
-
-            _tickCounter = new Stopwatch();
-            _tickCounter.Start();
-        }
-
-        public ExecutionContext(IJitMemoryAllocator allocator)
+        public ExecutionContext(
+            IJitMemoryAllocator allocator,
+            ICounter counter,
+            ExceptionCallbackNoArgs interruptCallback = null,
+            ExceptionCallback breakCallback = null,
+            ExceptionCallback supervisorCallback = null,
+            ExceptionCallback undefinedCallback = null)
         {
             _nativeContext = new NativeContext(allocator);
+            _counter = counter;
+            _interruptCallback = interruptCallback;
+            _breakCallback = breakCallback;
+            _supervisorCallback = supervisorCallback;
+            _undefinedCallback = undefinedCallback;
 
             Running = true;
 
             _nativeContext.SetCounter(MinCountForCheck);
         }
 
-        public ulong GetX(int index)              => _nativeContext.GetX(index);
-        public void  SetX(int index, ulong value) => _nativeContext.SetX(index, value);
+        public ulong GetX(int index) => _nativeContext.GetX(index);
+        public void SetX(int index, ulong value) => _nativeContext.SetX(index, value);
 
-        public V128 GetV(int index)             => _nativeContext.GetV(index);
+        public V128 GetV(int index) => _nativeContext.GetV(index);
         public void SetV(int index, V128 value) => _nativeContext.SetV(index, value);
 
-        public bool GetPstateFlag(PState flag)             => _nativeContext.GetPstateFlag(flag);
+        public bool GetPstateFlag(PState flag) => _nativeContext.GetPstateFlag(flag);
         public void SetPstateFlag(PState flag, bool value) => _nativeContext.SetPstateFlag(flag, value);
 
         public bool GetFPstateFlag(FPState flag) => _nativeContext.GetFPStateFlag(flag);
@@ -118,7 +108,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.State
             {
                 _interrupted = false;
 
-                Interrupt?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);
+                _interruptCallback?.Invoke(this);
             }
 
             _nativeContext.SetCounter(MinCountForCheck);
@@ -131,17 +121,17 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.State
 
         internal void OnBreak(ulong address, int imm)
         {
-            Break?.Invoke(this, new InstExceptionEventArgs(address, imm));
+            _breakCallback?.Invoke(this, address, imm);
         }
 
         internal void OnSupervisorCall(ulong address, int imm)
         {
-            SupervisorCall?.Invoke(this, new InstExceptionEventArgs(address, imm));
+            _supervisorCallback?.Invoke(this, address, imm);
         }
 
         internal void OnUndefined(ulong address, int opCode)
         {
-            Undefined?.Invoke(this, new InstUndefinedEventArgs(address, opCode));
+            _undefinedCallback?.Invoke(this, address, opCode);
         }
 
         public void StopRunning()
@@ -151,16 +141,6 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.State
             _nativeContext.SetCounter(0);
         }
 
-        public static void SuspendCounter()
-        {
-            _tickCounter.Stop();
-        }
-
-        public static void ResumeCounter()
-        {
-            _tickCounter.Start();
-        }
-
         public void Dispose()
         {
             _nativeContext.Dispose();

ARMeilleure/State/ICounter.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+namespace ARMeilleure.State
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// CPU Counter interface.
+    /// </summary>
+    public interface ICounter
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Counter frequency in Hertz.
+        /// </summary>
+        ulong Frequency { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Current counter value.
+        /// </summary>
+        ulong Counter { get; }
+    }
+}

ARMeilleure/State/InstExceptionEventArgs.cs

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-
-namespace ARMeilleure.State
-{
-    public class InstExceptionEventArgs : EventArgs
-    {
-        public ulong Address { get; }
-        public int   Id      { get; }
-
-        public InstExceptionEventArgs(ulong address, int id)
-        {
-            Address = address;
-            Id      = id;
-        }
-    }
-}

ARMeilleure/State/InstUndefinedEventArgs.cs

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-
-namespace ARMeilleure.State
-{
-    public class InstUndefinedEventArgs : EventArgs
-    {
-        public ulong Address { get; }
-        public int   OpCode  { get; }
-
-        public InstUndefinedEventArgs(ulong address, int opCode)
-        {
-            Address = address;
-            OpCode  = opCode;
-        }
-    }
-}

ARMeilleure/State/NativeContext.cs

@@ -34,6 +34,12 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.State
             GetStorage().ExclusiveAddress = ulong.MaxValue;
         }
 
+        public ulong GetPc()
+        {
+            // TODO: More precise tracking of PC value.
+            return GetStorage().DispatchAddress;
+        }
+
         public unsafe ulong GetX(int index)
         {
             if ((uint)index >= RegisterConsts.IntRegsCount)

ARMeilleure/Translation/Delegates.cs

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetFpsr)));
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetFunctionAddress)));
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.InvalidateCacheLine)));
-            SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetTpidr)));
+            SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetTpidrroEl0)));
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetTpidr32))); // A32 only.
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetTpidrEl0)));
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetTpidrEl032))); // A32 only.

ARMeilleure/Translation/PTC/Ptc.cs

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
         private const string OuterHeaderMagicString = "PTCohd\0\0";
         private const string InnerHeaderMagicString = "PTCihd\0\0";
 
-        private const uint InternalVersion = 3267; //! To be incremented manually for each change to the ARMeilleure project.
+        private const uint InternalVersion = 3362; //! To be incremented manually for each change to the ARMeilleure project.
 
         private const string ActualDir = "0";
         private const string BackupDir = "1";

Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SoundIo/Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SoundIo.csproj

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <PropertyGroup>
     <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
-    <RuntimeIdentifiers>win-x64;linux-x64;osx-x64</RuntimeIdentifiers>
+    <RuntimeIdentifiers>win10-x64;linux-x64;osx-x64</RuntimeIdentifiers>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@
       <CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
       <TargetPath>libsoundio.dll</TargetPath>
     </ContentWithTargetPath>
-    <ContentWithTargetPath Include="Native\libsoundio\libs\libsoundio.dylib" Condition="'$(RuntimeIdentifier)' != 'linux-x64' AND '$(RuntimeIdentifier)' != 'win-x64'">
+    <ContentWithTargetPath Include="Native\libsoundio\libs\libsoundio.dylib" Condition="'$(RuntimeIdentifier)' != 'linux-x64' AND '$(RuntimeIdentifier)' != 'win10-x64'">
       <CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
       <TargetPath>libsoundio.dylib</TargetPath>
     </ContentWithTargetPath>
-    <ContentWithTargetPath Include="Native\libsoundio\libs\libsoundio.so" Condition="'$(RuntimeIdentifier)' != 'win-x64' AND '$(RuntimeIdentifier)' != 'osx-x64'">
+    <ContentWithTargetPath Include="Native\libsoundio\libs\libsoundio.so" Condition="'$(RuntimeIdentifier)' != 'win10-x64' AND '$(RuntimeIdentifier)' != 'osx-x64'">
       <CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
       <TargetPath>libsoundio.so</TargetPath>
     </ContentWithTargetPath>

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/AudioRenderSystem.cs

@@ -523,9 +523,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
 
         private ulong GetSystemTicks()
         {
-            double ticks = ARMeilleure.State.ExecutionContext.ElapsedTicks * ARMeilleure.State.ExecutionContext.TickFrequency;
-
-            return (ulong)(ticks * Constants.TargetTimerFrequency);
+            return (ulong)(_manager.TickSource.ElapsedSeconds * Constants.TargetTimerFrequency);
         }
 
         private uint ComputeVoiceDrop(CommandBuffer commandBuffer, long voicesEstimatedTime, long deltaTimeDsp)

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/AudioRendererManager.cs

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Audio.Integration;
 using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp;
 using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Parameter;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
 using Ryujinx.Memory;
 using System;
 using System.Diagnostics;
@@ -77,6 +78,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
         /// </summary>
         private IHardwareDeviceDriver _deviceDriver;
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Tick source used to measure elapsed time.
+        /// </summary>
+        public ITickSource TickSource { get; }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// The <see cref="AudioProcessor"/> instance associated to this manager.
         /// </summary>
@@ -90,9 +96,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
         /// <summary>
         /// Create a new <see cref="AudioRendererManager"/>.
         /// </summary>
-        public AudioRendererManager()
+        /// <param name="tickSource">Tick source used to measure elapsed time.</param>
+        public AudioRendererManager(ITickSource tickSource)
         {
             Processor = new AudioProcessor();
+            TickSource = tickSource;
             _sessionIds = new int[Constants.AudioRendererSessionCountMax];
             _sessions = new AudioRenderSystem[Constants.AudioRendererSessionCountMax];
             _activeSessionCount = 0;

Ryujinx.Ava/AppHost.cs

@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
         {
             if (_renderer != null)
             {
-                double scale = Program.WindowScaleFactor;
+                double scale = _parent.PlatformImpl.RenderScaling;
                 _renderer.Window.SetSize((int)(size.Width * scale), (int)(size.Height * scale));
             }
         }
@@ -809,7 +809,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
             Width = (int)Renderer.Bounds.Width;
             Height = (int)Renderer.Bounds.Height;
 
-            _renderer.Window.SetSize((int)(Width * Program.WindowScaleFactor), (int)(Height * Program.WindowScaleFactor));
+            _renderer.Window.SetSize((int)(Width * _parent.PlatformImpl.RenderScaling), (int)(Height * _parent.PlatformImpl.RenderScaling));
 
             Device.Gpu.Renderer.RunLoop(() =>
             {

Ryujinx.Ava/Modules/Updater/Updater.cs

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Modules
                         string assetState = (string)asset["state"];
                         string downloadURL = (string)asset["browser_download_url"];
 
-                        if (assetName.StartsWith("ava-ryujinx") && assetName.EndsWith(_platformExt))
+                        if (assetName.StartsWith("test-ava-ryujinx") && assetName.EndsWith(_platformExt))
                         {
                             _buildUrl = downloadURL;
 

Ryujinx.Ava/Program.cs

@@ -137,7 +137,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
             }
 
             // Make process DPI aware for proper window sizing on high-res screens.
-            ForceDpiAware.Windows();
             WindowScaleFactor = ForceDpiAware.GetWindowScaleFactor();
 
             // Delete backup files after updating.

Ryujinx.Ava/Ryujinx.Ava.csproj

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <PropertyGroup>
     <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
-    <RuntimeIdentifiers>win-x64;osx-x64;linux-x64</RuntimeIdentifiers>
+    <RuntimeIdentifiers>win10-x64;osx-x64;linux-x64</RuntimeIdentifiers>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
     <Version>1.0.0-dirty</Version>

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Controls/RendererControl.cs

@@ -73,10 +73,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Controls
         {
             SizeChanged?.Invoke(this, rect.Size);
 
-            RenderSize = rect.Size * Program.WindowScaleFactor;
+            if (!rect.IsEmpty)
+            {
+                RenderSize = rect.Size * VisualRoot.RenderScaling;
 
-            _glDrawOperation?.Dispose();
-            _glDrawOperation = new GlDrawOperation(this);
+                _glDrawOperation?.Dispose();
+                _glDrawOperation = new GlDrawOperation(this);
+            }
         }
 
         public override void Render(DrawingContext context)

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Windows/MainWindow.axaml.cs

@@ -123,10 +123,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Windows
                 CheckLaunchState();
             }
 
-            if (OperatingSystem.IsLinux())
-            {
-                Program.WindowScaleFactor = this.PlatformImpl.RenderScaling;
-            }
             _rendererWaitEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);
         }
 

Ryujinx.Common/Utilities/BitUtils.cs

@@ -22,7 +22,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common
 
         public static long AlignUp(long value, int size)
         {
-            return (value + (size - 1)) & -(long)size;
+            return AlignUp(value, (long)size);
+        }
+
+        public static ulong AlignUp(ulong value, ulong size)
+        {
+            return (ulong)AlignUp((long)value, (long)size);
+        }
+
+        public static long AlignUp(long value, long size)
+        {
+            return (value + (size - 1)) & -size;
         }
 
         public static uint AlignDown(uint value, int size)
@@ -42,7 +52,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common
 
         public static long AlignDown(long value, int size)
         {
-            return value & -(long)size;
+            return AlignDown(value, (long)size);
+        }
+
+        public static ulong AlignDown(ulong value, ulong size)
+        {
+            return (ulong)AlignDown((long)value, (long)size);
+        }
+
+        public static long AlignDown(long value, long size)
+        {
+            return value & -size;
         }
 
         public static int DivRoundUp(int value, int dividend)

Ryujinx.Cpu/ExceptionCallbacks.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Exception callback without any additional arguments.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="context">Context for the thread where the exception was triggered</param>
+    public delegate void ExceptionCallbackNoArgs(IExecutionContext context);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Exception callback.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="context">Context for the thread where the exception was triggered</param>
+    /// <param name="address">Address of the instruction that caused the exception</param>
+    /// <param name="imm">Immediate value of the instruction that caused the exception, or for undefined instruction, the instruction itself</param>
+    public delegate void ExceptionCallback(IExecutionContext context, ulong address, int imm);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Stores handlers for the various CPU exceptions.
+    /// </summary>
+    public struct ExceptionCallbacks
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Handler for CPU interrupts triggered using <see cref="IExecutionContext.RequestInterrupt"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        public readonly ExceptionCallbackNoArgs InterruptCallback;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Handler for CPU software interrupts caused by the Arm BRK instruction.
+        /// </summary>
+        public readonly ExceptionCallback BreakCallback;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Handler for CPU software interrupts caused by the Arm SVC instruction.
+        /// </summary>
+        public readonly ExceptionCallback SupervisorCallback;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Handler for CPU software interrupts caused by any undefined Arm instruction.
+        /// </summary>
+        public readonly ExceptionCallback UndefinedCallback;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new exception callbacks structure.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// All handlers are optional, and if null, the CPU will just continue executing as if nothing happened.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="interruptCallback">Handler for CPU interrupts triggered using <see cref="IExecutionContext.RequestInterrupt"/></param>
+        /// <param name="breakCallback">Handler for CPU software interrupts caused by the Arm BRK instruction</param>
+        /// <param name="supervisorCallback">Handler for CPU software interrupts caused by the Arm SVC instruction</param>
+        /// <param name="undefinedCallback">Handler for CPU software interrupts caused by any undefined Arm instruction</param>
+        public ExceptionCallbacks(
+            ExceptionCallbackNoArgs interruptCallback = null,
+            ExceptionCallback breakCallback = null,
+            ExceptionCallback supervisorCallback = null,
+            ExceptionCallback undefinedCallback = null)
+        {
+            InterruptCallback = interruptCallback;
+            BreakCallback = breakCallback;
+            SupervisorCallback = supervisorCallback;
+            UndefinedCallback = undefinedCallback;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/ICpuContext.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// CPU context interface.
+    /// </summary>
+    public interface ICpuContext
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new execution context that will store thread CPU register state when executing guest code.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="exceptionCallbacks">Optional functions to be called when the CPU receives an interrupt</param>
+        /// <returns>Execution context</returns>
+        IExecutionContext CreateExecutionContext(ExceptionCallbacks exceptionCallbacks);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Starts executing code at a specified entry point address.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This function only returns when the execution is stopped, by calling <see cref="IExecutionContext.StopRunning"/>.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="context">Execution context to be used for this run</param>
+        /// <param name="address">Entry point address</param>
+        void Execute(IExecutionContext context, ulong address);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Invalidates the instruction cache for a given memory region.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This should be called if code is modified to make the CPU emulator aware of the modifications,
+        /// otherwise it might run stale code which will lead to errors and crashes.
+        /// Calling this function is not necessary if the code memory was modified by guest code,
+        /// as the expectation is that it will do it on its own using the appropriate cache invalidation instructions,
+        /// except on Arm32 where those instructions can't be used in unprivileged mode.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="address">Address of the region to be invalidated</param>
+        /// <param name="size">Size of the region to be invalidated</param>
+        void InvalidateCacheRegion(ulong address, ulong size);
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/ICpuEngine.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+using ARMeilleure.Memory;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// CPU execution engine interface.
+    /// </summary>
+    public interface ICpuEngine
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new CPU context that can be used to run code for multiple threads sharing an address space.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="memoryManager">Memory manager for the address space of the context</param>
+        /// <param name="for64Bit">Indicates if the context will be used to run 64-bit or 32-bit Arm code</param>
+        /// <returns>CPU context</returns>
+        ICpuContext CreateCpuContext(IMemoryManager memoryManager, bool for64Bit);
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/IExecutionContext.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+using ARMeilleure.State;
+using System;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// CPU register state interface.
+    /// </summary>
+    public interface IExecutionContext : IDisposable
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Current Program Counter.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// In some implementations, this value might not be accurate and might not point to the last instruction executed.
+        /// </remarks>
+        ulong Pc { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Thread ID Register (EL0).
+        /// </summary>
+        long TpidrEl0 { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Thread ID Register (read-only) (EL0).
+        /// </summary>
+        long TpidrroEl0 { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Processor State register.
+        /// </summary>
+        uint Pstate { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Floating-point Control Register.
+        /// </summary>
+        uint Fpcr { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Floating-point Status Register.
+        /// </summary>
+        uint Fpsr { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Indicates whenever the CPU is running 64-bit (AArch64 mode) or 32-bit (AArch32 mode) code.
+        /// </summary>
+        bool IsAarch32 { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Indicates whenever the CPU is still running code.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// Even if this is false, the guest code might be still exiting.
+        /// One must not assume that the code is no longer running from this property alone.
+        /// </remarks>
+        bool Running { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the value of a general purpose register.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// The special <paramref name="index"/> of 31 can be used to access the SP (Stack Pointer) register.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="index">Index of the register, in the range 0-31 (inclusive)</param>
+        /// <returns>The register value</returns>
+        ulong GetX(int index);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the value of a general purpose register.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// The special <paramref name="index"/> of 31 can be used to access the SP (Stack Pointer) register.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="index">Index of the register, in the range 0-31 (inclusive)</param>
+        /// <param name="value">Value to be set</param>
+        void SetX(int index, ulong value);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the value of a FP/SIMD register.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="index">Index of the register, in the range 0-31 (inclusive)</param>
+        /// <returns>The register value</returns>
+        V128 GetV(int index);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the value of a FP/SIMD register.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="index">Index of the register, in the range 0-31 (inclusive)</param>
+        /// <param name="value">Value to be set</param>
+        void SetV(int index, V128 value);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Requests the thread to stop running temporarily and call <see cref="ExceptionCallbacks.InterruptCallback"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// The thread might not pause immediately.
+        /// One must not assume that guest code is no longer being executed by the thread after calling this function.
+        /// </remarks>
+        void RequestInterrupt();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Requests the thread to stop running guest code and return as soon as possible.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// The thread might not stop immediately.
+        /// One must not assume that guest code is no longer being executed by the thread after calling this function.
+        /// After a thread has been stopped, it can't be restarted with the same <see cref="IExecutionContext"/>.
+        /// If you only need to pause the thread temporarily, use <see cref="RequestInterrupt"/> instead.
+        /// </remarks>
+        void StopRunning();
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/ITickSource.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+using ARMeilleure.State;
+using System;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Tick source interface.
+    /// </summary>
+    public interface ITickSource : ICounter
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Time elapsed since the counter was created.
+        /// </summary>
+        TimeSpan ElapsedTime { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Time elapsed since the counter was created, in seconds.
+        /// </summary>
+        double ElapsedSeconds { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Stops counting.
+        /// </summary>
+        void Suspend();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Resumes counting after a call to <see cref="Suspend"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        void Resume();
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/Jit/JitCpuContext.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+using ARMeilleure.Memory;
+using ARMeilleure.Translation;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit
+{
+    class JitCpuContext : ICpuContext
+    {
+        private readonly ITickSource _tickSource;
+        private readonly Translator _translator;
+
+        public JitCpuContext(ITickSource tickSource, IMemoryManager memory, bool for64Bit)
+        {
+            _tickSource = tickSource;
+            _translator = new Translator(new JitMemoryAllocator(), memory, for64Bit);
+            memory.UnmapEvent += UnmapHandler;
+        }
+
+        private void UnmapHandler(ulong address, ulong size)
+        {
+            _translator.InvalidateJitCacheRegion(address, size);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public IExecutionContext CreateExecutionContext(ExceptionCallbacks exceptionCallbacks)
+        {
+            return new JitExecutionContext(new JitMemoryAllocator(), _tickSource, exceptionCallbacks);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void Execute(IExecutionContext context, ulong address)
+        {
+            _translator.Execute(((JitExecutionContext)context).Impl, address);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void InvalidateCacheRegion(ulong address, ulong size)
+        {
+            _translator.InvalidateJitCacheRegion(address, size);
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/Jit/JitEngine.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+using ARMeilleure.Memory;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit
+{
+    public class JitEngine : ICpuEngine
+    {
+        private readonly ITickSource _tickSource;
+
+        public JitEngine(ITickSource tickSource)
+        {
+            _tickSource = tickSource;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public ICpuContext CreateCpuContext(IMemoryManager memoryManager, bool for64Bit)
+        {
+            return new JitCpuContext(_tickSource, memoryManager, for64Bit);
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/Jit/JitExecutionContext.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+using ARMeilleure.Memory;
+using ARMeilleure.State;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit
+{
+    class JitExecutionContext : IExecutionContext
+    {
+        private readonly ExecutionContext _impl;
+        internal ExecutionContext Impl => _impl;
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public ulong Pc => _impl.Pc;
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public long TpidrEl0
+        {
+            get => _impl.TpidrEl0;
+            set => _impl.TpidrEl0 = value;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public long TpidrroEl0
+        {
+            get => _impl.TpidrroEl0;
+            set => _impl.TpidrroEl0 = value;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public uint Pstate
+        {
+            get => _impl.Pstate;
+            set => _impl.Pstate = value;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public uint Fpcr
+        {
+            get => (uint)_impl.Fpcr;
+            set => _impl.Fpcr = (FPCR)value;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public uint Fpsr
+        {
+            get => (uint)_impl.Fpsr;
+            set => _impl.Fpsr = (FPSR)value;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public bool IsAarch32
+        {
+            get => _impl.IsAarch32;
+            set => _impl.IsAarch32 = value;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public bool Running => _impl.Running;
+
+        private readonly ExceptionCallbacks _exceptionCallbacks;
+
+        public JitExecutionContext(IJitMemoryAllocator allocator, ICounter counter, ExceptionCallbacks exceptionCallbacks)
+        {
+            _impl = new ExecutionContext(
+                allocator,
+                counter,
+                InterruptHandler,
+                BreakHandler,
+                SupervisorCallHandler,
+                UndefinedHandler);
+
+            _exceptionCallbacks = exceptionCallbacks;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public ulong GetX(int index) => _impl.GetX(index);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void SetX(int index, ulong value) => _impl.SetX(index, value);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public V128 GetV(int index) => _impl.GetV(index);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void SetV(int index, V128 value) => _impl.SetV(index, value);
+
+        private void InterruptHandler(ExecutionContext context)
+        {
+            _exceptionCallbacks.InterruptCallback?.Invoke(this);
+        }
+
+        private void BreakHandler(ExecutionContext context, ulong address, int imm)
+        {
+            _exceptionCallbacks.BreakCallback?.Invoke(this, address, imm);
+        }
+
+        private void SupervisorCallHandler(ExecutionContext context, ulong address, int imm)
+        {
+            _exceptionCallbacks.SupervisorCallback?.Invoke(this, address, imm);
+        }
+
+        private void UndefinedHandler(ExecutionContext context, ulong address, int opCode)
+        {
+            _exceptionCallbacks.UndefinedCallback?.Invoke(this, address, opCode);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void RequestInterrupt()
+        {
+            _impl.RequestInterrupt();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void StopRunning()
+        {
+            _impl.StopRunning();
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            _impl.Dispose();
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/Jit/JitMemoryAllocator.cs

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 using ARMeilleure.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Memory;
 
-namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit
 {
-    class JitMemoryAllocator : IJitMemoryAllocator
+    public class JitMemoryAllocator : IJitMemoryAllocator
     {
         public IJitMemoryBlock Allocate(ulong size) => new JitMemoryBlock(size, MemoryAllocationFlags.None);
         public IJitMemoryBlock Reserve(ulong size) => new JitMemoryBlock(size, MemoryAllocationFlags.Reserve);

Ryujinx.Cpu/Jit/JitMemoryBlock.cs

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 using Ryujinx.Memory;
 using System;
 
-namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit
 {
-    class JitMemoryBlock : IJitMemoryBlock
+    public class JitMemoryBlock : IJitMemoryBlock
     {
         private readonly MemoryBlock _impl;
 

Ryujinx.Cpu/Jit/MemoryManager.cs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Threading;
 
-namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// Represents a CPU memory manager.

Ryujinx.Cpu/Jit/MemoryManagerHostMapped.cs

@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@ using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Threading;
 
-namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// Represents a CPU memory manager which maps guest virtual memory directly onto a host virtual region.
     /// </summary>
-    public class MemoryManagerHostMapped : MemoryManagerBase, IMemoryManager, IVirtualMemoryManagerTracked, IWritableBlock
+    public sealed class MemoryManagerHostMapped : MemoryManagerBase, IMemoryManager, IVirtualMemoryManagerTracked, IWritableBlock
     {
         public const int PageBits = 12;
         public const int PageSize = 1 << PageBits;

Ryujinx.Cpu/TickSource.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
+{
+    public class TickSource : ITickSource
+    {
+        private static Stopwatch _tickCounter;
+
+        private static double _hostTickFreq;
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public ulong Frequency { get; }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public ulong Counter => (ulong)(ElapsedSeconds * Frequency);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public TimeSpan ElapsedTime => _tickCounter.Elapsed;
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public double ElapsedSeconds => _tickCounter.ElapsedTicks * _hostTickFreq;
+
+        public TickSource(ulong frequency)
+        {
+            Frequency = frequency;
+            _hostTickFreq = 1.0 / Stopwatch.Frequency;
+
+            _tickCounter = new Stopwatch();
+            _tickCounter.Start();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void Suspend()
+        {
+            _tickCounter.Stop();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void Resume()
+        {
+            _tickCounter.Start();
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/IPipeline.cs

@@ -10,9 +10,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 
         void ClearBuffer(BufferHandle destination, int offset, int size, uint value);
 
-        void ClearRenderTargetColor(int index, uint componentMask, ColorF color);
+        void ClearRenderTargetColor(int index, int layer, uint componentMask, ColorF color);
 
         void ClearRenderTargetDepthStencil(
+            int layer,
             float depthValue,
             bool depthMask,
             int stencilValue,

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/Commands/ClearRenderTargetColorCommand.cs

@@ -4,19 +4,21 @@
     {
         public CommandType CommandType => CommandType.ClearRenderTargetColor;
         private int _index;
+        private int _layer;
         private uint _componentMask;
         private ColorF _color;
 
-        public void Set(int index, uint componentMask, ColorF color)
+        public void Set(int index, int layer, uint componentMask, ColorF color)
         {
             _index = index;
+            _layer = layer;
             _componentMask = componentMask;
             _color = color;
         }
 
         public static void Run(ref ClearRenderTargetColorCommand command, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer)
         {
-            renderer.Pipeline.ClearRenderTargetColor(command._index, command._componentMask, command._color);
+            renderer.Pipeline.ClearRenderTargetColor(command._index, command._layer, command._componentMask, command._color);
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/Commands/ClearRenderTargetDepthStencilCommand.cs

@@ -3,13 +3,15 @@
     struct ClearRenderTargetDepthStencilCommand : IGALCommand
     {
         public CommandType CommandType => CommandType.ClearRenderTargetDepthStencil;
+        private int _layer;
         private float _depthValue;
         private bool _depthMask;
         private int _stencilValue;
         private int _stencilMask;
 
-        public void Set(float depthValue, bool depthMask, int stencilValue, int stencilMask)
+        public void Set(int layer, float depthValue, bool depthMask, int stencilValue, int stencilMask)
         {
+            _layer = layer;
             _depthValue = depthValue;
             _depthMask = depthMask;
             _stencilValue = stencilValue;
@@ -18,7 +20,7 @@
 
         public static void Run(ref ClearRenderTargetDepthStencilCommand command, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer)
         {
-            renderer.Pipeline.ClearRenderTargetDepthStencil(command._depthValue, command._depthMask, command._stencilValue, command._stencilMask);
+            renderer.Pipeline.ClearRenderTargetDepthStencil(command._layer, command._depthValue, command._depthMask, command._stencilValue, command._stencilMask);
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/ThreadedPipeline.cs

@@ -40,15 +40,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading
             _renderer.QueueCommand();
         }
 
-        public void ClearRenderTargetColor(int index, uint componentMask, ColorF color)
+        public void ClearRenderTargetColor(int index, int layer, uint componentMask, ColorF color)
         {
-            _renderer.New<ClearRenderTargetColorCommand>().Set(index, componentMask, color);
+            _renderer.New<ClearRenderTargetColorCommand>().Set(index, layer, componentMask, color);
             _renderer.QueueCommand();
         }
 
-        public void ClearRenderTargetDepthStencil(float depthValue, bool depthMask, int stencilValue, int stencilMask)
+        public void ClearRenderTargetDepthStencil(int layer, float depthValue, bool depthMask, int stencilValue, int stencilMask)
         {
-            _renderer.New<ClearRenderTargetDepthStencilCommand>().Set(depthValue, depthMask, stencilValue, stencilMask);
+            _renderer.New<ClearRenderTargetDepthStencilCommand>().Set(layer, depthValue, depthMask, stencilValue, stencilMask);
             _renderer.QueueCommand();
         }
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Target.cs

@@ -13,4 +13,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
         CubemapArray,
         TextureBuffer
     }
+
+    public static class TargetExtensions
+    {
+        public static bool IsMultisample(this Target target)
+        {
+            return target == Target.Texture2DMultisample || target == Target.Texture2DMultisampleArray;
+        }
+    }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Compute/ComputeClass.cs

@@ -188,6 +188,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Compute
             _channel.BufferManager.SetComputeStorageBufferBindings(info.SBuffers);
             _channel.BufferManager.SetComputeUniformBufferBindings(info.CBuffers);
 
+            int maxTextureBinding = -1;
+            int maxImageBinding = -1;
+
             TextureBindingInfo[] textureBindings = _channel.TextureManager.RentComputeTextureBindings(info.Textures.Count);
 
             for (int index = 0; index < info.Textures.Count; index++)
@@ -202,6 +205,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Compute
                     descriptor.CbufSlot,
                     descriptor.HandleIndex,
                     descriptor.Flags);
+
+                if (descriptor.Binding > maxTextureBinding)
+                {
+                    maxTextureBinding = descriptor.Binding;
+                }
             }
 
             TextureBindingInfo[] imageBindings = _channel.TextureManager.RentComputeImageBindings(info.Images.Count);
@@ -220,9 +228,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Compute
                     descriptor.CbufSlot,
                     descriptor.HandleIndex,
                     descriptor.Flags);
+
+                if (descriptor.Binding > maxImageBinding)
+                {
+                    maxImageBinding = descriptor.Binding;
+                }
             }
 
-            _channel.TextureManager.CommitComputeBindings();
+            _channel.TextureManager.SetComputeMaxBindings(maxTextureBinding, maxImageBinding);
+
+            // Should never return false for mismatching spec state, since the shader was fetched above.
+            _channel.TextureManager.CommitComputeBindings(cs.SpecializationState); 
+            
             _channel.BufferManager.CommitComputeBindings();
 
             _context.Renderer.Pipeline.DispatchCompute(qmd.CtaRasterWidth, qmd.CtaRasterHeight, qmd.CtaRasterDepth);

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/DrawManager.cs

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
 
         private bool _instancedDrawPending;
         private bool _instancedIndexed;
+        private bool _instancedIndexedInline;
 
         private int _instancedFirstIndex;
         private int _instancedFirstVertex;
@@ -134,13 +135,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
             {
                 _instancedDrawPending = true;
 
+                int ibCount = _drawState.IbStreamer.InlineIndexCount;
+
                 _instancedIndexed = _drawState.DrawIndexed;
+                _instancedIndexedInline = ibCount != 0;
 
                 _instancedFirstIndex = firstIndex;
                 _instancedFirstVertex = (int)_state.State.FirstVertex;
                 _instancedFirstInstance = (int)_state.State.FirstInstance;
 
-                _instancedIndexCount = indexCount;
+                _instancedIndexCount = ibCount != 0 ? ibCount : indexCount;
 
                 var drawState = _state.State.VertexBufferDrawState;
 
@@ -451,8 +455,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
             {
                 _instancedDrawPending = false;
 
-                if (_instancedIndexed)
+                bool indexedInline = _instancedIndexedInline;
+
+                if (_instancedIndexed || indexedInline)
                 {
+                    if (indexedInline)
+                    {
+                        int inlineIndexCount = _drawState.IbStreamer.GetAndResetInlineIndexCount();
+                        BufferRange br = new BufferRange(_drawState.IbStreamer.GetInlineIndexBuffer(), 0, inlineIndexCount * 4);
+
+                        _channel.BufferManager.SetIndexBuffer(br, IndexType.UInt);
+                    }
+
                     _context.Renderer.Pipeline.DrawIndexed(
                         _instancedIndexCount,
                         _instanceIndex + 1,
@@ -491,8 +505,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
             }
 
             int index = (argument >> 6) & 0xf;
+            int layer = (argument >> 10) & 0x3ff;
 
-            engine.UpdateRenderTargetState(useControl: false, singleUse: index);
+            engine.UpdateRenderTargetState(useControl: false, layered: layer != 0, singleUse: index);
 
             // If there is a mismatch on the host clip region and the one explicitly defined by the guest
             // on the screen scissor state, then we need to force only one texture to be bound to avoid
@@ -567,7 +582,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
 
                 ColorF color = new ColorF(clearColor.Red, clearColor.Green, clearColor.Blue, clearColor.Alpha);
 
-                _context.Renderer.Pipeline.ClearRenderTargetColor(index, componentMask, color);
+                _context.Renderer.Pipeline.ClearRenderTargetColor(index, layer, componentMask, color);
             }
 
             if (clearDepth || clearStencil)
@@ -588,6 +603,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 }
 
                 _context.Renderer.Pipeline.ClearRenderTargetDepthStencil(
+                    layer,
                     depthValue,
                     clearDepth,
                     stencilValue,

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/IbStreamer.cs

@@ -20,6 +20,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         /// </summary>
         public bool HasInlineIndexData => _inlineIndexCount != 0;
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Total numbers of indices that have been pushed.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int InlineIndexCount => _inlineIndexCount;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets the handle for the host buffer currently holding the inline index buffer data.
         /// </summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/SemaphoreUpdater.cs

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         /// </summary>
         private enum ReportCounterType
         {
-            Zero = 0,
+            Payload = 0,
             InputVertices = 1,
             InputPrimitives = 3,
             VertexShaderInvocations = 5,
@@ -169,8 +169,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
 
             switch (type)
             {
-                case ReportCounterType.Zero:
-                    resultHandler(null, 0);
+                case ReportCounterType.Payload:
+                    resultHandler(null, (ulong)_state.State.SemaphorePayload);
                     break;
                 case ReportCounterType.SamplesPassed:
                     counter = _context.Renderer.ReportCounter(CounterType.SamplesPassed, resultHandler, false);

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/StateUpdater.cs

@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
             // of the shader for the new state.
             if (_shaderSpecState != null)
             {
-                if (!_shaderSpecState.MatchesGraphics(_channel, GetPoolState(), GetGraphicsState()))
+                if (!_shaderSpecState.MatchesGraphics(_channel, GetPoolState(), GetGraphicsState(), false))
                 {
                     ForceShaderUpdate();
                 }
@@ -275,7 +275,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         {
             UpdateStorageBuffers();
 
-            _channel.TextureManager.CommitGraphicsBindings();
+            if (!_channel.TextureManager.CommitGraphicsBindings(_shaderSpecState))
+            {
+                // Shader must be reloaded.
+                UpdateShaderState();
+            }
+
             _channel.BufferManager.CommitGraphicsBindings();
         }
 
@@ -362,8 +367,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         /// Updates render targets (color and depth-stencil buffers) based on current render target state.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="useControl">Use draw buffers information from render target control register</param>
+        /// <param name="layered">Indicates if the texture is layered</param>
         /// <param name="singleUse">If this is not -1, it indicates that only the given indexed target will be used.</param>
-        public void UpdateRenderTargetState(bool useControl, int singleUse = -1)
+        public void UpdateRenderTargetState(bool useControl, bool layered = false, int singleUse = -1)
         {
             var memoryManager = _channel.MemoryManager;
             var rtControl = _state.State.RtControl;
@@ -399,7 +405,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 Image.Texture color = memoryManager.Physical.TextureCache.FindOrCreateTexture(
                     memoryManager,
                     colorState,
-                    _vtgWritesRtLayer,
+                    _vtgWritesRtLayer || layered,
                     samplesInX,
                     samplesInY,
                     sizeHint);
@@ -433,6 +439,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                     memoryManager,
                     dsState,
                     dsSize,
+                    _vtgWritesRtLayer || layered,
                     samplesInX,
                     samplesInY,
                     sizeHint);
@@ -1148,6 +1155,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 return;
             }
 
+            int maxTextureBinding = -1;
+            int maxImageBinding = -1;
+
             Span<TextureBindingInfo> textureBindings = _channel.TextureManager.RentGraphicsTextureBindings(stage, info.Textures.Count);
 
             if (info.UsesRtLayer)
@@ -1167,6 +1177,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                     descriptor.CbufSlot,
                     descriptor.HandleIndex,
                     descriptor.Flags);
+
+                if (descriptor.Binding > maxTextureBinding)
+                {
+                    maxTextureBinding = descriptor.Binding;
+                }
             }
 
             TextureBindingInfo[] imageBindings = _channel.TextureManager.RentGraphicsImageBindings(stage, info.Images.Count);
@@ -1185,8 +1200,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                     descriptor.CbufSlot,
                     descriptor.HandleIndex,
                     descriptor.Flags);
+
+                if (descriptor.Binding > maxImageBinding)
+                {
+                    maxImageBinding = descriptor.Binding;
+                }
             }
 
+            _channel.TextureManager.SetGraphicsMaxBindings(maxTextureBinding, maxImageBinding);
+
             _channel.BufferManager.SetGraphicsStorageBufferBindings(stage, info.SBuffers);
             _channel.BufferManager.SetGraphicsUniformBufferBindings(stage, info.CBuffers);
         }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/ThreedClass.cs

@@ -131,10 +131,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         /// Updates render targets (color and depth-stencil buffers) based on current render target state.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="useControl">Use draw buffers information from render target control register</param>
+        /// <param name="layered">Indicates if the texture is layered</param>
         /// <param name="singleUse">If this is not -1, it indicates that only the given indexed target will be used.</param>
-        public void UpdateRenderTargetState(bool useControl, int singleUse = -1)
+        public void UpdateRenderTargetState(bool useControl, bool layered = false, int singleUse = -1)
         {
-            _stateUpdater.UpdateRenderTargetState(useControl, singleUse);
+            _stateUpdater.UpdateRenderTargetState(useControl, layered, singleUse);
         }
 
         /// <summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/Pool.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using Ryujinx.Cpu.Tracking;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory;
 using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 {
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         protected GpuContext Context;
         protected PhysicalMemory PhysicalMemory;
         protected int SequenceNumber;
+        protected int ModifiedSequenceNumber;
 
         protected T1[] Items;
         protected T2[] DescriptorCache;
@@ -41,6 +43,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         private readonly CpuMultiRegionHandle _memoryTracking;
         private readonly Action<ulong, ulong> _modifiedDelegate;
 
+        private int _modifiedSequenceOffset;
+        private bool _modified;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Creates a new instance of the GPU resource pool.
         /// </summary>
@@ -79,6 +84,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             return PhysicalMemory.Read<T2>(Address + (ulong)id * DescriptorSize);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a reference to the descriptor for a given ID.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="id">ID of the descriptor. This is effectively a zero-based index</param>
+        /// <returns>A reference to the descriptor</returns>
+        public ref readonly T2 GetDescriptorRef(int id)
+        {
+            return ref MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, T2>(PhysicalMemory.GetSpan(Address + (ulong)id * DescriptorSize, DescriptorSize))[0];
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets the GPU resource with the given ID.
         /// </summary>
@@ -93,7 +108,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// </summary>
         public void SynchronizeMemory()
         {
+            _modified = false;
             _memoryTracking.QueryModified(_modifiedDelegate);
+
+            if (_modified)
+            {
+                UpdateModifiedSequence();
+            }
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -103,6 +124,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <param name="mSize">Size of the modified region</param>
         private void RegionModified(ulong mAddress, ulong mSize)
         {
+            _modified = true;
+
             if (mAddress < Address)
             {
                 mAddress = Address;
@@ -118,6 +141,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             InvalidateRangeImpl(mAddress, mSize);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Updates the modified sequence number using the current sequence number and offset,
+        /// indicating that it has been modified.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected void UpdateModifiedSequence()
+        {
+            ModifiedSequenceNumber = SequenceNumber + _modifiedSequenceOffset;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// An action to be performed when a precise memory access occurs to this resource.
         /// Makes sure that the dirty flags are checked.
@@ -129,6 +161,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         {
             if (write && Context.SequenceNumber == SequenceNumber)
             {
+                if (ModifiedSequenceNumber == SequenceNumber + _modifiedSequenceOffset)
+                {
+                    // The modified sequence number is offset when PreciseActions occur so that
+                    // users checking it will see an increment and know the pool has changed since
+                    // their last look, even though the main SequenceNumber has not been changed.
+
+                    _modifiedSequenceOffset++;
+                }
+
+                // Force the pool to be checked again the next time it is used.
                 SequenceNumber--;
             }
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/Sampler.cs

@@ -8,6 +8,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
     /// </summary>
     class Sampler : IDisposable
     {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// True if the sampler is disposed, false otherwise.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool IsDisposed { get; private set; }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Host sampler object.
         /// </summary>
@@ -101,6 +106,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// </summary>
         public void Dispose()
         {
+            IsDisposed = true;
+
             _hostSampler.Dispose();
             _anisoSampler?.Dispose();
         }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/SamplerPool.cs

@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                             Items[i] = null;
                         }
                     }
+
+                    UpdateModifiedSequence();
                 }
 
                 SequenceNumber = Context.SequenceNumber;
@@ -71,6 +73,39 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             return sampler;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks if the pool was modified, and returns the last sequence number where a modification was detected.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>A number that increments each time a modification is detected</returns>
+        public int CheckModified()
+        {
+            if (SequenceNumber != Context.SequenceNumber)
+            {
+                SequenceNumber = Context.SequenceNumber;
+
+                if (_forcedAnisotropy != GraphicsConfig.MaxAnisotropy)
+                {
+                    _forcedAnisotropy = GraphicsConfig.MaxAnisotropy;
+
+                    for (int i = 0; i < Items.Length; i++)
+                    {
+                        if (Items[i] != null)
+                        {
+                            Items[i].Dispose();
+
+                            Items[i] = null;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    UpdateModifiedSequence();
+                }
+
+                SynchronizeMemory();
+            }
+
+            return ModifiedSequenceNumber;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Implementation of the sampler pool range invalidation.
         /// </summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/Texture.cs

@@ -100,6 +100,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// </summary>
         public bool AlwaysFlushOnOverlap { get; private set; }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Increments when the host texture is swapped, or when the texture is removed from all pools.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int InvalidatedSequence { get; private set; }
+
         private int _depth;
         private int _layers;
         public int FirstLayer { get; private set; }
@@ -1136,32 +1141,22 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <param name="range">Texture view physical memory ranges</param>
         /// <param name="layerSize">Layer size on the given texture</param>
         /// <param name="caps">Host GPU capabilities</param>
-        /// <param name="allowMs">Indicates that multisample textures are allowed to match non-multisample requested textures</param>
         /// <param name="firstLayer">Texture view initial layer on this texture</param>
         /// <param name="firstLevel">Texture view first mipmap level on this texture</param>
         /// <returns>The level of compatiblilty a view with the given parameters created from this texture has</returns>
-        public TextureViewCompatibility IsViewCompatible(TextureInfo info, MultiRange range, int layerSize, Capabilities caps, bool allowMs, out int firstLayer, out int firstLevel)
+        public TextureViewCompatibility IsViewCompatible(TextureInfo info, MultiRange range, int layerSize, Capabilities caps, out int firstLayer, out int firstLevel)
         {
             TextureViewCompatibility result = TextureViewCompatibility.Full;
 
             result = TextureCompatibility.PropagateViewCompatibility(result, TextureCompatibility.ViewFormatCompatible(Info, info, caps));
             if (result != TextureViewCompatibility.Incompatible)
             {
-                bool msTargetCompatible = false;
+                result = TextureCompatibility.PropagateViewCompatibility(result, TextureCompatibility.ViewTargetCompatible(Info, info));
 
-                if (allowMs)
+                bool bothMs = Info.Target.IsMultisample() && info.Target.IsMultisample();
+                if (bothMs && (Info.SamplesInX != info.SamplesInX || Info.SamplesInY != info.SamplesInY))
                 {
-                    msTargetCompatible = Info.Target == Target.Texture2DMultisample && info.Target == Target.Texture2D;
-                }
-
-                if (!msTargetCompatible)
-                {
-                    result = TextureCompatibility.PropagateViewCompatibility(result, TextureCompatibility.ViewTargetCompatible(Info, info));
-
-                    if (Info.SamplesInX != info.SamplesInX || Info.SamplesInY != info.SamplesInY)
-                    {
-                        result = TextureViewCompatibility.Incompatible;
-                    }
+                    result = TextureViewCompatibility.Incompatible;
                 }
 
                 if (result == TextureViewCompatibility.Full && Info.FormatInfo.Format != info.FormatInfo.Format && !_context.Capabilities.SupportsMismatchingViewFormat)
@@ -1417,6 +1412,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             DisposeTextures();
 
             HostTexture = hostTexture;
+            InvalidatedSequence++;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -1545,6 +1541,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
                 _poolOwners.Clear();
             }
+
+            InvalidatedSequence++;
         }
 
         /// <summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureBindingsManager.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Types;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
 using System;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 {
@@ -31,21 +35,30 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         private readonly TextureBindingInfo[][] _textureBindings;
         private readonly TextureBindingInfo[][] _imageBindings;
 
-        private struct TextureStatePerStage
+        private struct TextureState
         {
             public ITexture Texture;
             public ISampler Sampler;
+
+            public int TextureHandle;
+            public int SamplerHandle;
+            public int InvalidatedSequence;
+            public Texture CachedTexture;
+            public Sampler CachedSampler;
+            public int ScaleIndex;
+            public TextureUsageFlags UsageFlags;
         }
 
-        private readonly TextureStatePerStage[][] _textureState;
-        private readonly TextureStatePerStage[][] _imageState;
+        private TextureState[] _textureState;
+        private TextureState[] _imageState;
 
         private int[] _textureBindingsCount;
         private int[] _imageBindingsCount;
 
-        private int _textureBufferIndex;
+        private int _texturePoolSequence;
+        private int _samplerPoolSequence;
 
-        private bool _rebind;
+        private int _textureBufferIndex;
 
         private readonly float[] _scales;
         private bool _scaleChanged;
@@ -72,8 +85,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             _textureBindings = new TextureBindingInfo[stages][];
             _imageBindings   = new TextureBindingInfo[stages][];
 
-            _textureState = new TextureStatePerStage[stages][];
-            _imageState   = new TextureStatePerStage[stages][];
+            _textureState = new TextureState[InitialTextureStateSize];
+            _imageState   = new TextureState[InitialImageStateSize];
 
             _textureBindingsCount = new int[stages];
             _imageBindingsCount = new int[stages];
@@ -82,9 +95,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             {
                 _textureBindings[stage] = new TextureBindingInfo[InitialTextureStateSize];
                 _imageBindings[stage] = new TextureBindingInfo[InitialImageStateSize];
-
-                _textureState[stage] = new TextureStatePerStage[InitialTextureStateSize];
-                _imageState[stage] = new TextureStatePerStage[InitialImageStateSize];
             }
         }
 
@@ -99,15 +109,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             if (count > _textureBindings[stage].Length)
             {
                 Array.Resize(ref _textureBindings[stage], count);
-                Array.Resize(ref _textureState[stage], count);
-            }
-
-            int toClear = Math.Max(_textureBindingsCount[stage], count);
-            TextureStatePerStage[] state = _textureState[stage];
-
-            for (int i = 0; i < toClear; i++)
-            {
-                state[i] = new TextureStatePerStage();
             }
 
             _textureBindingsCount[stage] = count;
@@ -126,15 +127,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             if (count > _imageBindings[stage].Length)
             {
                 Array.Resize(ref _imageBindings[stage], count);
-                Array.Resize(ref _imageState[stage], count);
-            }
-
-            int toClear = Math.Max(_imageBindingsCount[stage], count);
-            TextureStatePerStage[] state = _imageState[stage];
-
-            for (int i = 0; i < toClear; i++)
-            {
-                state[i] = new TextureStatePerStage();
             }
 
             _imageBindingsCount[stage] = count;
@@ -142,6 +134,24 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             return _imageBindings[stage];
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the max binding indexes for textures and images.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="maxTextureBinding">The maximum texture binding</param>
+        /// <param name="maxImageBinding">The maximum image binding</param>
+        public void SetMaxBindings(int maxTextureBinding, int maxImageBinding)
+        {
+            if (maxTextureBinding >= _textureState.Length)
+            {
+                Array.Resize(ref _textureState, maxTextureBinding + 1);
+            }
+
+            if (maxImageBinding >= _imageState.Length)
+            {
+                Array.Resize(ref _imageState, maxImageBinding + 1);
+            }
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Sets the textures constant buffer index.
         /// The constant buffer specified holds the texture handles.
@@ -222,18 +232,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// Updates the texture scale for a given texture or image.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="texture">Start GPU virtual address of the pool</param>
-        /// <param name="binding">The related texture binding</param>
+        /// <param name="usageFlags">The related texture usage flags</param>
         /// <param name="index">The texture/image binding index</param>
         /// <param name="stage">The active shader stage</param>
         /// <returns>True if the given texture has become blacklisted, indicating that its host texture may have changed.</returns>
-        private bool UpdateScale(Texture texture, TextureBindingInfo binding, int index, ShaderStage stage)
+        private bool UpdateScale(Texture texture, TextureUsageFlags usageFlags, int index, ShaderStage stage)
         {
             float result = 1f;
             bool changed = false;
 
-            if ((binding.Flags & TextureUsageFlags.NeedsScaleValue) != 0 && texture != null)
+            if ((usageFlags & TextureUsageFlags.NeedsScaleValue) != 0 && texture != null)
             {
-                if ((binding.Flags & TextureUsageFlags.ResScaleUnsupported) != 0)
+                if ((usageFlags & TextureUsageFlags.ResScaleUnsupported) != 0)
                 {
                     changed = texture.ScaleMode != TextureScaleMode.Blacklisted;
                     texture.BlacklistScale();
@@ -323,7 +333,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// Ensures that the bindings are visible to the host GPU.
         /// Note: this actually performs the binding using the host graphics API.
         /// </summary>
-        public void CommitBindings()
+        /// <param name="specState">Specialization state for the bound shader</param>
+        /// <returns>True if all bound textures match the current shader specialiation state, false otherwise</returns>
+        public bool CommitBindings(ShaderSpecializationState specState)
         {
             ulong texturePoolAddress = _texturePoolAddress;
 
@@ -331,10 +343,38 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 ? _texturePoolCache.FindOrCreate(_channel, texturePoolAddress, _texturePoolMaximumId)
                 : null;
 
+            // Check if the texture pool has been modified since bindings were last committed.
+            // If it wasn't, then it's possible to avoid looking up textures again when the handle remains the same.
+            bool poolModified = false;
+
+            if (texturePool != null)
+            {
+                int texturePoolSequence = texturePool.CheckModified();
+
+                if (_texturePoolSequence != texturePoolSequence)
+                {
+                    poolModified = true;
+                    _texturePoolSequence = texturePoolSequence;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (_samplerPool != null)
+            {
+                int samplerPoolSequence = _samplerPool.CheckModified();
+
+                if (_samplerPoolSequence != samplerPoolSequence)
+                {
+                    poolModified = true;
+                    _samplerPoolSequence = samplerPoolSequence;
+                }
+            }
+
+            bool specStateMatches = true;
+
             if (_isCompute)
             {
-                CommitTextureBindings(texturePool, ShaderStage.Compute, 0);
-                CommitImageBindings  (texturePool, ShaderStage.Compute, 0);
+                specStateMatches &= CommitTextureBindings(texturePool, ShaderStage.Compute, 0, poolModified, specState);
+                specStateMatches &= CommitImageBindings(texturePool, ShaderStage.Compute, 0, poolModified, specState);
             }
             else
             {
@@ -342,14 +382,57 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 {
                     int stageIndex = (int)stage - 1;
 
-                    CommitTextureBindings(texturePool, stage, stageIndex);
-                    CommitImageBindings  (texturePool, stage, stageIndex);
+                    specStateMatches &= CommitTextureBindings(texturePool, stage, stageIndex, poolModified, specState);
+                    specStateMatches &= CommitImageBindings(texturePool, stage, stageIndex, poolModified, specState);
                 }
             }
 
             CommitRenderScale();
 
-            _rebind = false;
+            return specStateMatches;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Fetch the constant buffers used for a texture to cache.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="stageIndex">Stage index of the constant buffer</param>
+        /// <param name="cachedTextureBufferIndex">The currently cached texture buffer index</param>
+        /// <param name="cachedSamplerBufferIndex">The currently cached sampler buffer index</param>
+        /// <param name="cachedTextureBuffer">The currently cached texture buffer data</param>
+        /// <param name="cachedSamplerBuffer">The currently cached sampler buffer data</param>
+        /// <param name="textureBufferIndex">The new texture buffer index</param>
+        /// <param name="samplerBufferIndex">The new sampler buffer index</param>
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        private void UpdateCachedBuffer(
+            int stageIndex,
+            ref int cachedTextureBufferIndex,
+            ref int cachedSamplerBufferIndex,
+            ref ReadOnlySpan<int> cachedTextureBuffer,
+            ref ReadOnlySpan<int> cachedSamplerBuffer,
+            int textureBufferIndex,
+            int samplerBufferIndex)
+        {
+            if (textureBufferIndex != cachedTextureBufferIndex)
+            {
+                ref BufferBounds bounds = ref _channel.BufferManager.GetUniformBufferBounds(_isCompute, stageIndex, textureBufferIndex);
+
+                cachedTextureBuffer = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, int>(_channel.MemoryManager.Physical.GetSpan(bounds.Address, (int)bounds.Size));
+                cachedTextureBufferIndex = textureBufferIndex;
+
+                if (samplerBufferIndex == textureBufferIndex)
+                {
+                    cachedSamplerBuffer = cachedTextureBuffer;
+                    cachedSamplerBufferIndex = samplerBufferIndex;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (samplerBufferIndex != cachedSamplerBufferIndex)
+            {
+                ref BufferBounds bounds = ref _channel.BufferManager.GetUniformBufferBounds(_isCompute, stageIndex, samplerBufferIndex);
+
+                cachedSamplerBuffer = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, int>(_channel.MemoryManager.Physical.GetSpan(bounds.Address, (int)bounds.Size));
+                cachedSamplerBufferIndex = samplerBufferIndex;
+            }
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -358,13 +441,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="pool">The current texture pool</param>
         /// <param name="stage">The shader stage using the textures to be bound</param>
-        /// <param name="stageIndex">The stage number of the specified shader stage</param>
-        private void CommitTextureBindings(TexturePool pool, ShaderStage stage, int stageIndex)
+        /// <param name="stageIndex">The stage number of the specified shader stage</param
+        /// <param name="poolModified">True if either the texture or sampler pool was modified, false otherwise</param>
+        /// <param name="specState">Specialization state for the bound shader</param>
+        /// <returns>True if all bound textures match the current shader specialiation state, false otherwise</returns>
+        private bool CommitTextureBindings(TexturePool pool, ShaderStage stage, int stageIndex, bool poolModified, ShaderSpecializationState specState)
         {
             int textureCount = _textureBindingsCount[stageIndex];
             if (textureCount == 0)
             {
-                return;
+                return true;
             }
 
             var samplerPool = _samplerPool;
@@ -372,17 +458,27 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             if (pool == null)
             {
                 Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, $"Shader stage \"{stage}\" uses textures, but texture pool was not set.");
-                return;
+                return true;
             }
 
+            bool specStateMatches = true;
+
+            int cachedTextureBufferIndex = -1;
+            int cachedSamplerBufferIndex = -1;
+            ReadOnlySpan<int> cachedTextureBuffer = Span<int>.Empty;
+            ReadOnlySpan<int> cachedSamplerBuffer = Span<int>.Empty;
+
             for (int index = 0; index < textureCount; index++)
             {
                 TextureBindingInfo bindingInfo = _textureBindings[stageIndex][index];
+                TextureUsageFlags usageFlags = bindingInfo.Flags;
 
                 (int textureBufferIndex, int samplerBufferIndex) = TextureHandle.UnpackSlots(bindingInfo.CbufSlot, _textureBufferIndex);
 
-                int packedId = ReadPackedId(stageIndex, bindingInfo.Handle, textureBufferIndex, samplerBufferIndex);
-                int textureId = UnpackTextureId(packedId);
+                UpdateCachedBuffer(stageIndex, ref cachedTextureBufferIndex, ref cachedSamplerBufferIndex, ref cachedTextureBuffer, ref cachedSamplerBuffer, textureBufferIndex, samplerBufferIndex);
+
+                int packedId = TextureHandle.ReadPackedId(bindingInfo.Handle, cachedTextureBuffer, cachedSamplerBuffer);
+                int textureId = TextureHandle.UnpackTextureId(packedId);
                 int samplerId;
 
                 if (_samplerIndex == SamplerIndex.ViaHeaderIndex)
@@ -391,10 +487,42 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    samplerId = UnpackSamplerId(packedId);
+                    samplerId = TextureHandle.UnpackSamplerId(packedId);
                 }
 
-                Texture texture = pool.Get(textureId);
+                ref TextureState state = ref _textureState[bindingInfo.Binding];
+
+                if (!poolModified &&
+                    state.TextureHandle == textureId &&
+                    state.SamplerHandle == samplerId &&
+                    state.CachedTexture != null &&
+                    state.CachedTexture.InvalidatedSequence == state.InvalidatedSequence &&
+                    state.CachedSampler?.IsDisposed != true)
+                {
+                    // The texture is already bound.
+                    state.CachedTexture.SynchronizeMemory();
+
+                    if ((state.ScaleIndex != index || state.UsageFlags != usageFlags) &&
+                        UpdateScale(state.CachedTexture, usageFlags, index, stage))
+                    {
+                        ITexture hostTextureRebind = state.CachedTexture.GetTargetTexture(bindingInfo.Target);
+
+                        state.Texture = hostTextureRebind;
+                        state.ScaleIndex = index;
+                        state.UsageFlags = usageFlags;
+
+                        _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetTexture(bindingInfo.Binding, hostTextureRebind);
+                    }
+
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                state.TextureHandle = textureId;
+                state.SamplerHandle = samplerId;
+
+                ref readonly TextureDescriptor descriptor = ref pool.GetForBinding(textureId, out Texture texture);
+
+                specStateMatches &= specState.MatchesTexture(stage, index, descriptor);
 
                 ITexture hostTexture = texture?.GetTargetTexture(bindingInfo.Target);
 
@@ -407,30 +535,38 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    if (_textureState[stageIndex][index].Texture != hostTexture || _rebind)
+                    if (state.Texture != hostTexture)
                     {
-                        if (UpdateScale(texture, bindingInfo, index, stage))
+                        if (UpdateScale(texture, usageFlags, index, stage))
                         {
                             hostTexture = texture?.GetTargetTexture(bindingInfo.Target);
                         }
 
-                        _textureState[stageIndex][index].Texture = hostTexture;
+                        state.Texture = hostTexture;
+                        state.ScaleIndex = index;
+                        state.UsageFlags = usageFlags;
 
                         _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetTexture(bindingInfo.Binding, hostTexture);
                     }
 
                     Sampler sampler = samplerPool?.Get(samplerId);
+                    state.CachedSampler = sampler;
 
                     ISampler hostSampler = sampler?.GetHostSampler(texture);
 
-                    if (_textureState[stageIndex][index].Sampler != hostSampler || _rebind)
+                    if (state.Sampler != hostSampler)
                     {
-                        _textureState[stageIndex][index].Sampler = hostSampler;
+                        state.Sampler = hostSampler;
 
                         _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetSampler(bindingInfo.Binding, hostSampler);
                     }
+
+                    state.CachedTexture = texture;
+                    state.InvalidatedSequence = texture?.InvalidatedSequence ?? 0;
                 }
             }
+
+            return specStateMatches;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -440,38 +576,90 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <param name="pool">The current texture pool</param>
         /// <param name="stage">The shader stage using the textures to be bound</param>
         /// <param name="stageIndex">The stage number of the specified shader stage</param>
-        private void CommitImageBindings(TexturePool pool, ShaderStage stage, int stageIndex)
+        /// <param name="poolModified">True if either the texture or sampler pool was modified, false otherwise</param>
+        /// <param name="specState">Specialization state for the bound shader</param>
+        /// <returns>True if all bound images match the current shader specialiation state, false otherwise</returns>
+        private bool CommitImageBindings(TexturePool pool, ShaderStage stage, int stageIndex, bool poolModified, ShaderSpecializationState specState)
         {
             int imageCount = _imageBindingsCount[stageIndex];
             if (imageCount == 0)
             {
-                return;
+                return true;
             }
 
             if (pool == null)
             {
                 Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, $"Shader stage \"{stage}\" uses images, but texture pool was not set.");
-                return;
+                return true;
             }
 
             // Scales for images appear after the texture ones.
             int baseScaleIndex = _textureBindingsCount[stageIndex];
 
+            int cachedTextureBufferIndex = -1;
+            int cachedSamplerBufferIndex = -1;
+            ReadOnlySpan<int> cachedTextureBuffer = Span<int>.Empty;
+            ReadOnlySpan<int> cachedSamplerBuffer = Span<int>.Empty;
+
+            bool specStateMatches = true;
+
             for (int index = 0; index < imageCount; index++)
             {
                 TextureBindingInfo bindingInfo = _imageBindings[stageIndex][index];
+                TextureUsageFlags usageFlags = bindingInfo.Flags;
+                int scaleIndex = baseScaleIndex + index;
 
                 (int textureBufferIndex, int samplerBufferIndex) = TextureHandle.UnpackSlots(bindingInfo.CbufSlot, _textureBufferIndex);
 
-                int packedId = ReadPackedId(stageIndex, bindingInfo.Handle, textureBufferIndex, samplerBufferIndex);
-                int textureId = UnpackTextureId(packedId);
+                UpdateCachedBuffer(stageIndex, ref cachedTextureBufferIndex, ref cachedSamplerBufferIndex, ref cachedTextureBuffer, ref cachedSamplerBuffer, textureBufferIndex, samplerBufferIndex);
 
-                Texture texture = pool.Get(textureId);
+                int packedId = TextureHandle.ReadPackedId(bindingInfo.Handle, cachedTextureBuffer, cachedSamplerBuffer);
+                int textureId = TextureHandle.UnpackTextureId(packedId);
 
-                ITexture hostTexture = texture?.GetTargetTexture(bindingInfo.Target);
+                ref TextureState state = ref _imageState[bindingInfo.Binding];
 
                 bool isStore = bindingInfo.Flags.HasFlag(TextureUsageFlags.ImageStore);
 
+                if (!poolModified &&
+                    state.TextureHandle == textureId &&
+                    state.CachedTexture != null &&
+                    state.CachedTexture.InvalidatedSequence == state.InvalidatedSequence)
+                {
+                    Texture cachedTexture = state.CachedTexture;
+
+                    // The texture is already bound.
+                    cachedTexture.SynchronizeMemory();
+
+                    if (isStore)
+                    {
+                        cachedTexture?.SignalModified();
+                    }
+
+                    if ((state.ScaleIndex != index || state.UsageFlags != usageFlags) &&
+                        UpdateScale(state.CachedTexture, usageFlags, scaleIndex, stage))
+                    {
+                        ITexture hostTextureRebind = state.CachedTexture.GetTargetTexture(bindingInfo.Target);
+
+                        Format format = bindingInfo.Format == 0 ? cachedTexture.Format : bindingInfo.Format;
+
+                        state.Texture = hostTextureRebind;
+                        state.ScaleIndex = scaleIndex;
+                        state.UsageFlags = usageFlags;
+
+                        _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetImage(bindingInfo.Binding, hostTextureRebind, format);
+                    }
+
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                state.TextureHandle = textureId;
+
+                ref readonly TextureDescriptor descriptor = ref pool.GetForBinding(textureId, out Texture texture);
+
+                specStateMatches &= specState.MatchesImage(stage, index, descriptor);
+
+                ITexture hostTexture = texture?.GetTargetTexture(bindingInfo.Target);
+
                 if (hostTexture != null && texture.Target == Target.TextureBuffer)
                 {
                     // Ensure that the buffer texture is using the correct buffer as storage.
@@ -494,14 +682,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                         texture?.SignalModified();
                     }
 
-                    if (_imageState[stageIndex][index].Texture != hostTexture || _rebind)
+                    if (state.Texture != hostTexture)
                     {
-                        if (UpdateScale(texture, bindingInfo, baseScaleIndex + index, stage))
+                        if (UpdateScale(texture, usageFlags, scaleIndex, stage))
                         {
                             hostTexture = texture?.GetTargetTexture(bindingInfo.Target);
                         }
 
-                        _imageState[stageIndex][index].Texture = hostTexture;
+                        state.Texture = hostTexture;
+                        state.ScaleIndex = scaleIndex;
+                        state.UsageFlags = usageFlags;
 
                         Format format = bindingInfo.Format;
 
@@ -512,8 +702,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
                         _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetImage(bindingInfo.Binding, hostTexture, format);
                     }
+
+                    state.CachedTexture = texture;
+                    state.InvalidatedSequence = texture?.InvalidatedSequence ?? 0;
                 }
             }
+
+            return specStateMatches;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -537,7 +732,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             (int textureBufferIndex, int samplerBufferIndex) = TextureHandle.UnpackSlots(cbufSlot, bufferIndex);
 
             int packedId = ReadPackedId(stageIndex, handle, textureBufferIndex, samplerBufferIndex);
-            int textureId = UnpackTextureId(packedId);
+            int textureId = TextureHandle.UnpackTextureId(packedId);
 
             ulong poolAddress = _channel.MemoryManager.Translate(poolGpuVa);
 
@@ -555,6 +750,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <param name="textureBufferIndex">Index of the constant buffer holding the texture handles</param>
         /// <param name="samplerBufferIndex">Index of the constant buffer holding the sampler handles</param>
         /// <returns>The packed texture and sampler ID (the real texture handle)</returns>
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
         private int ReadPackedId(int stageIndex, int wordOffset, int textureBufferIndex, int samplerBufferIndex)
         {
             (int textureWordOffset, int samplerWordOffset, TextureHandleType handleType) = TextureHandle.UnpackOffsets(wordOffset);
@@ -590,32 +786,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             return handle;
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Unpacks the texture ID from the real texture handle.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="packedId">The real texture handle</param>
-        /// <returns>The texture ID</returns>
-        private static int UnpackTextureId(int packedId)
-        {
-            return (packedId >> 0) & 0xfffff;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Unpacks the sampler ID from the real texture handle.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="packedId">The real texture handle</param>
-        /// <returns>The sampler ID</returns>
-        private static int UnpackSamplerId(int packedId)
-        {
-            return (packedId >> 20) & 0xfff;
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Force all bound textures and images to be rebound the next time CommitBindings is called.
         /// </summary>
         public void Rebind()
         {
-            _rebind = true;
+            Array.Clear(_textureState);
+            Array.Clear(_imageState);
         }
 
         /// <summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureCache.cs

@@ -349,6 +349,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <param name="memoryManager">GPU memory manager where the texture is mapped</param>
         /// <param name="dsState">Depth-stencil buffer texture to find or create</param>
         /// <param name="size">Size of the depth-stencil texture</param>
+        /// <param name="layered">Indicates if the texture might be accessed with a non-zero layer index</param>
         /// <param name="samplesInX">Number of samples in the X direction, for MSAA</param>
         /// <param name="samplesInY">Number of samples in the Y direction, for MSAA</param>
         /// <param name="sizeHint">A hint indicating the minimum used size for the texture</param>
@@ -357,6 +358,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             MemoryManager memoryManager,
             RtDepthStencilState dsState,
             Size3D size,
+            bool layered,
             int samplesInX,
             int samplesInY,
             Size sizeHint)
@@ -364,9 +366,24 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             int gobBlocksInY = dsState.MemoryLayout.UnpackGobBlocksInY();
             int gobBlocksInZ = dsState.MemoryLayout.UnpackGobBlocksInZ();
 
-            Target target = (samplesInX | samplesInY) != 1
-                ? Target.Texture2DMultisample
-                : Target.Texture2D;
+            Target target;
+
+            if (dsState.MemoryLayout.UnpackIsTarget3D())
+            {
+                target = Target.Texture3D;
+            }
+            else if ((samplesInX | samplesInY) != 1)
+            {
+                target = size.Depth > 1 && layered
+                    ? Target.Texture2DMultisampleArray
+                    : Target.Texture2DMultisample;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                target = size.Depth > 1 && layered
+                    ? Target.Texture2DArray
+                    : Target.Texture2D;
+            }
 
             FormatInfo formatInfo = dsState.Format.Convert();
 
@@ -547,7 +564,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     range.Value,
                     sizeInfo.LayerSize,
                     _context.Capabilities,
-                    flags.HasFlag(TextureSearchFlags.ForCopy),
                     out int firstLayer,
                     out int firstLevel);
 
@@ -662,7 +678,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                         overlap.Range,
                         overlap.LayerSize,
                         _context.Capabilities,
-                        false,
                         out int firstLayer,
                         out int firstLevel);
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureCompatibility.cs

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ using Ryujinx.Common;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Texture;
 using System;
-using System.Numerics;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 {
@@ -657,6 +656,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
                 case Target.Texture2DMultisample:
                 case Target.Texture2DMultisampleArray:
+                    if (rhs.Target == Target.Texture2D || rhs.Target == Target.Texture2DArray)
+                    {
+                        return TextureViewCompatibility.CopyOnly;
+                    }
+
                     result = rhs.Target == Target.Texture2DMultisample ||
                              rhs.Target == Target.Texture2DMultisampleArray;
                     break;

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureManager.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Types;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader;
 using System;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
@@ -10,9 +11,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
     class TextureManager : IDisposable
     {
         private readonly GpuContext _context;
+        private readonly GpuChannel _channel;
 
         private readonly TextureBindingsManager _cpBindingsManager;
         private readonly TextureBindingsManager _gpBindingsManager;
+        private readonly TexturePoolCache _texturePoolCache;
 
         private readonly Texture[] _rtColors;
         private readonly ITexture[] _rtHostColors;
@@ -35,6 +38,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         public TextureManager(GpuContext context, GpuChannel channel)
         {
             _context = context;
+            _channel = channel;
 
             TexturePoolCache texturePoolCache = new TexturePoolCache(context);
 
@@ -43,6 +47,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
             _cpBindingsManager = new TextureBindingsManager(context, channel, texturePoolCache, scales, isCompute: true);
             _gpBindingsManager = new TextureBindingsManager(context, channel, texturePoolCache, scales, isCompute: false);
+            _texturePoolCache = texturePoolCache;
 
             _rtColors = new Texture[Constants.TotalRenderTargets];
             _rtHostColors = new ITexture[Constants.TotalRenderTargets];
@@ -99,6 +104,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             _cpBindingsManager.SetTextureBufferIndex(index);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the max binding indexes on the compute pipeline.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="maxTextureBinding">The maximum texture binding</param>
+        /// <param name="maxImageBinding">The maximum image binding</param>
+        public void SetComputeMaxBindings(int maxTextureBinding, int maxImageBinding)
+        {
+            _cpBindingsManager.SetMaxBindings(maxTextureBinding, maxImageBinding);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Sets the texture constant buffer index on the graphics pipeline.
         /// </summary>
@@ -108,6 +123,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             _gpBindingsManager.SetTextureBufferIndex(index);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the max binding indexes on the graphics pipeline.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="maxTextureBinding">The maximum texture binding</param>
+        /// <param name="maxImageBinding">The maximum image binding</param>
+        public void SetGraphicsMaxBindings(int maxTextureBinding, int maxImageBinding)
+        {
+            _gpBindingsManager.SetMaxBindings(maxTextureBinding, maxImageBinding);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Sets the current sampler pool on the compute pipeline.
         /// </summary>
@@ -335,25 +360,48 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <summary>
         /// Commits bindings on the compute pipeline.
         /// </summary>
-        public void CommitComputeBindings()
+        /// <param name="specState">Specialization state for the bound shader</param>
+        /// <returns>True if all bound textures match the current shader specialization state, false otherwise</returns>
+        public bool CommitComputeBindings(ShaderSpecializationState specState)
         {
             // Every time we switch between graphics and compute work,
             // we must rebind everything.
             // Since compute work happens less often, we always do that
             // before and after the compute dispatch.
             _cpBindingsManager.Rebind();
-            _cpBindingsManager.CommitBindings();
+            bool result = _cpBindingsManager.CommitBindings(specState);
             _gpBindingsManager.Rebind();
+
+            return result;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Commits bindings on the graphics pipeline.
         /// </summary>
-        public void CommitGraphicsBindings()
+        /// <param name="specState">Specialization state for the bound shader</param>
+        /// <returns>True if all bound textures match the current shader specialization state, false otherwise</returns>
+        public bool CommitGraphicsBindings(ShaderSpecializationState specState)
         {
-            _gpBindingsManager.CommitBindings();
+            bool result = _gpBindingsManager.CommitBindings(specState);
 
             UpdateRenderTargets();
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a texture pool from the cache, with the given address and maximum id.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="poolGpuVa">GPU virtual address of the texture pool</param>
+        /// <param name="maximumId">Maximum ID of the texture pool</param>
+        /// <returns>The texture pool</returns>
+        public TexturePool GetTexturePool(ulong poolGpuVa, int maximumId)
+        {
+            ulong poolAddress = _channel.MemoryManager.Translate(poolGpuVa);
+
+            TexturePool texturePool = _texturePoolCache.FindOrCreate(_channel, poolAddress, maximumId);
+
+            return texturePool;
         }
 
         /// <summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TexturePool.cs

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
     {
         private readonly GpuChannel _channel;
         private readonly ConcurrentQueue<Texture> _dereferenceQueue = new ConcurrentQueue<Texture>();
+        private TextureDescriptor _defaultDescriptor;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Intrusive linked list node used on the texture pool cache.
@@ -32,6 +33,62 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             _channel = channel;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the texture descripor and texture with the given ID with no bounds check or synchronization.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="id">ID of the texture. This is effectively a zero-based index</param>
+        /// <param name="texture">The texture with the given ID</param>
+        /// <returns>The texture descriptor with the given ID</returns>
+        private ref readonly TextureDescriptor GetInternal(int id, out Texture texture)
+        {
+            texture = Items[id];
+
+            ref readonly TextureDescriptor descriptor = ref GetDescriptorRef(id);
+
+            if (texture == null)
+            {
+                TextureInfo info = GetInfo(descriptor, out int layerSize);
+
+                ProcessDereferenceQueue();
+
+                texture = PhysicalMemory.TextureCache.FindOrCreateTexture(_channel.MemoryManager, TextureSearchFlags.ForSampler, info, layerSize);
+
+                // If this happens, then the texture address is invalid, we can't add it to the cache.
+                if (texture == null)
+                {
+                    return ref descriptor;
+                }
+
+                texture.IncrementReferenceCount(this, id);
+
+                Items[id] = texture;
+
+                DescriptorCache[id] = descriptor;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (texture.ChangedSize)
+                {
+                    // Texture changed size at one point - it may be a different size than the sampler expects.
+                    // This can be triggered when the size is changed by a size hint on copy or draw, but the texture has been sampled before.
+
+                    int baseLevel = descriptor.UnpackBaseLevel();
+                    int width = Math.Max(1, descriptor.UnpackWidth() >> baseLevel);
+                    int height = Math.Max(1, descriptor.UnpackHeight() >> baseLevel);
+
+                    if (texture.Info.Width != width || texture.Info.Height != height)
+                    {
+                        texture.ChangeSize(width, height, texture.Info.DepthOrLayers);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Memory is automatically synchronized on texture creation.
+                texture.SynchronizeMemory();
+            }
+
+            return ref descriptor;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets the texture with the given ID.
         /// </summary>
@@ -51,56 +108,49 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 SynchronizeMemory();
             }
 
-            Texture texture = Items[id];
-
-            if (texture == null)
-            {
-                TextureDescriptor descriptor = GetDescriptor(id);
-
-                TextureInfo info = GetInfo(descriptor, out int layerSize);
-
-                ProcessDereferenceQueue();
-
-                texture = PhysicalMemory.TextureCache.FindOrCreateTexture(_channel.MemoryManager, TextureSearchFlags.ForSampler, info, layerSize);
-
-                // If this happens, then the texture address is invalid, we can't add it to the cache.
-                if (texture == null)
-                {
-                    return null;
-                }
-
-                texture.IncrementReferenceCount(this, id);
-
-                Items[id] = texture;
-
-                DescriptorCache[id] = descriptor;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                if (texture.ChangedSize)
-                {
-                    // Texture changed size at one point - it may be a different size than the sampler expects.
-                    // This can be triggered when the size is changed by a size hint on copy or draw, but the texture has been sampled before.
-
-                    TextureDescriptor descriptor = GetDescriptor(id);
-
-                    int baseLevel = descriptor.UnpackBaseLevel();
-                    int width = Math.Max(1, descriptor.UnpackWidth() >> baseLevel);
-                    int height = Math.Max(1, descriptor.UnpackHeight() >> baseLevel);
-
-                    if (texture.Info.Width != width || texture.Info.Height != height)
-                    {
-                        texture.ChangeSize(width, height, texture.Info.DepthOrLayers);
-                    }
-                }
-
-                // Memory is automatically synchronized on texture creation.
-                texture.SynchronizeMemory();
-            }
+            GetInternal(id, out Texture texture);
 
             return texture;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the texture descriptor and texture with the given ID.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This method assumes that the pool has been manually synchronized before doing binding.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="id">ID of the texture. This is effectively a zero-based index</param>
+        /// <param name="texture">The texture with the given ID</param>
+        /// <returns>The texture descriptor with the given ID</returns>
+        public ref readonly TextureDescriptor GetForBinding(int id, out Texture texture)
+        {
+            if ((uint)id >= Items.Length)
+            {
+                texture = null;
+                return ref _defaultDescriptor;
+            }
+
+            // When getting for binding, assume the pool has already been synchronized.
+
+            return ref GetInternal(id, out texture);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks if the pool was modified, and returns the last sequence number where a modification was detected.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>A number that increments each time a modification is detected</returns>
+        public int CheckModified()
+        {
+            if (SequenceNumber != Context.SequenceNumber)
+            {
+                SequenceNumber = Context.SequenceNumber;
+
+                SynchronizeMemory();
+            }
+
+            return ModifiedSequenceNumber;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Forcibly remove a texture from this pool's items.
         /// If deferred, the dereference will be queued to occur on the render thread.
@@ -175,7 +225,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <param name="descriptor">The texture descriptor</param>
         /// <param name="layerSize">Layer size for textures using a sub-range of mipmap levels, otherwise 0</param>
         /// <returns>The texture information</returns>
-        private TextureInfo GetInfo(TextureDescriptor descriptor, out int layerSize)
+        private TextureInfo GetInfo(in TextureDescriptor descriptor, out int layerSize)
         {
             int depthOrLayers = descriptor.UnpackDepth();
             int levels        = descriptor.UnpackLevels();

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/BufferManager.cs

@@ -378,6 +378,25 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
             return _gpUniformBuffers[stage].Buffers[index].Address;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the bounds of the uniform buffer currently bound at the given index.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="isCompute">Indicates whenever the uniform is requested by the 3D or compute engine</param>
+        /// <param name="stage">Index of the shader stage, if the uniform is for the 3D engine</param>
+        /// <param name="index">Index of the uniform buffer binding</param>
+        /// <returns>The uniform buffer bounds, or an undefined value if the buffer is not currently bound</returns>
+        public ref BufferBounds GetUniformBufferBounds(bool isCompute, int stage, int index)
+        {
+            if (isCompute)
+            {
+                return ref _cpUniformBuffers.Buffers[index];
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return ref _gpUniformBuffers[stage].Buffers[index];
+            }
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Ensures that the compute engine bindings are visible to the host GPU.
         /// Note: this actually performs the binding using the host graphics API.

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/CachedShaderProgram.cs

@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
             HostProgram = hostProgram;
             SpecializationState = specializationState;
             Shaders = shaders;
+
+            SpecializationState.Prepare(shaders);
         }
 
         /// <summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/ShaderCache.cs

@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         {
             if (IsShaderEqual(channel.MemoryManager, cpShader.Shaders[0], gpuVa))
             {
-                return cpShader.SpecializationState.MatchesCompute(channel, poolState);
+                return cpShader.SpecializationState.MatchesCompute(channel, poolState, true);
             }
 
             return false;
@@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
                 }
             }
 
-            return gpShaders.SpecializationState.MatchesGraphics(channel, poolState, graphicsState);
+            return gpShaders.SpecializationState.MatchesGraphics(channel, poolState, graphicsState, true);
         }
 
         /// <summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/ShaderSpecializationList.cs

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         {
             foreach (var entry in _entries)
             {
-                if (entry.SpecializationState.MatchesGraphics(channel, poolState, graphicsState))
+                if (entry.SpecializationState.MatchesGraphics(channel, poolState, graphicsState, true))
                 {
                     program = entry;
                     return true;
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         {
             foreach (var entry in _entries)
             {
-                if (entry.SpecializationState.MatchesCompute(channel, poolState))
+                if (entry.SpecializationState.MatchesCompute(channel, poolState, true))
                 {
                     program = entry;
                     return true;

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/ShaderSpecializationState.cs

@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
 using System.Numerics;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
 {
@@ -158,6 +163,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         }
 
         private readonly Dictionary<TextureKey, Box<TextureSpecializationState>> _textureSpecialization;
+        private KeyValuePair<TextureKey, Box<TextureSpecializationState>>[] _allTextures;
+        private Box<TextureSpecializationState>[][] _textureByBinding;
+        private Box<TextureSpecializationState>[][] _imageByBinding;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Creates a new instance of the shader specialization state.
@@ -194,6 +202,48 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
             }
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Prepare the shader specialization state for quick binding lookups.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="stages">The shader stages</param>
+        public void Prepare(CachedShaderStage[] stages)
+        {
+            _allTextures = _textureSpecialization.ToArray();
+
+            _textureByBinding = new Box<TextureSpecializationState>[stages.Length][];
+            _imageByBinding = new Box<TextureSpecializationState>[stages.Length][];
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < stages.Length; i++)
+            {
+                CachedShaderStage stage = stages[i];
+                if (stage?.Info != null)
+                {
+                    var textures = stage.Info.Textures;
+                    var images = stage.Info.Images;
+
+                    var texBindings = new Box<TextureSpecializationState>[textures.Count];
+                    var imageBindings = new Box<TextureSpecializationState>[images.Count];
+
+                    int stageIndex = Math.Max(i - 1, 0); // Don't count VertexA for looking up spec state. No-Op for compute.
+
+                    for (int j = 0; j < textures.Count; j++)
+                    {
+                        var texture = textures[j];
+                        texBindings[j] = GetTextureSpecState(stageIndex, texture.HandleIndex, texture.CbufSlot);
+                    }
+
+                    for (int j = 0; j < images.Count; j++)
+                    {
+                        var image = images[j];
+                        imageBindings[j] = GetTextureSpecState(stageIndex, image.HandleIndex, image.CbufSlot);
+                    }
+
+                    _textureByBinding[i] = texBindings;
+                    _imageByBinding[i] = imageBindings;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Indicates that the shader accesses the early Z force state.
         /// </summary>
@@ -396,15 +446,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// <param name="channel">GPU channel</param>
         /// <param name="poolState">Texture pool state</param>
         /// <param name="graphicsState">Graphics state</param>
+        /// <param name="checkTextures">Indicates whether texture descriptors should be checked</param>
         /// <returns>True if the state matches, false otherwise</returns>
-        public bool MatchesGraphics(GpuChannel channel, GpuChannelPoolState poolState, GpuChannelGraphicsState graphicsState)
+        public bool MatchesGraphics(GpuChannel channel, GpuChannelPoolState poolState, GpuChannelGraphicsState graphicsState, bool checkTextures)
         {
             if (graphicsState.ViewportTransformDisable != GraphicsState.ViewportTransformDisable)
             {
                 return false;
             }
 
-            return Matches(channel, poolState, isCompute: false);
+            return Matches(channel, poolState, checkTextures, isCompute: false);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -412,10 +463,64 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="channel">GPU channel</param>
         /// <param name="poolState">Texture pool state</param>
+        /// <param name="checkTextures">Indicates whether texture descriptors should be checked</param>
         /// <returns>True if the state matches, false otherwise</returns>
-        public bool MatchesCompute(GpuChannel channel, GpuChannelPoolState poolState)
+        public bool MatchesCompute(GpuChannel channel, GpuChannelPoolState poolState, bool checkTextures)
         {
-            return Matches(channel, poolState, isCompute: true);
+            return Matches(channel, poolState, checkTextures, isCompute: true);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Fetch the constant buffers used for a texture to cache.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="channel">GPU channel</param>
+        /// <param name="isCompute">Indicates whenever the check is requested by the 3D or compute engine</param>
+        /// <param name="cachedTextureBufferIndex">The currently cached texture buffer index</param>
+        /// <param name="cachedSamplerBufferIndex">The currently cached sampler buffer index</param>
+        /// <param name="cachedTextureBuffer">The currently cached texture buffer data</param>
+        /// <param name="cachedSamplerBuffer">The currently cached sampler buffer data</param>
+        /// <param name="cachedStageIndex">The currently cached stage</param>
+        /// <param name="textureBufferIndex">The new texture buffer index</param>
+        /// <param name="samplerBufferIndex">The new sampler buffer index</param>
+        /// <param name="stageIndex">Stage index of the constant buffer</param>
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        private static void UpdateCachedBuffer(
+            GpuChannel channel,
+            bool isCompute,
+            ref int cachedTextureBufferIndex,
+            ref int cachedSamplerBufferIndex,
+            ref ReadOnlySpan<int> cachedTextureBuffer,
+            ref ReadOnlySpan<int> cachedSamplerBuffer,
+            ref int cachedStageIndex,
+            int textureBufferIndex,
+            int samplerBufferIndex,
+            int stageIndex)
+        {
+            bool stageChange = stageIndex != cachedStageIndex;
+
+            if (stageChange || textureBufferIndex != cachedTextureBufferIndex)
+            {
+                ref BufferBounds bounds = ref channel.BufferManager.GetUniformBufferBounds(isCompute, stageIndex, textureBufferIndex);
+
+                cachedTextureBuffer = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, int>(channel.MemoryManager.Physical.GetSpan(bounds.Address, (int)bounds.Size));
+                cachedTextureBufferIndex = textureBufferIndex;
+
+                if (samplerBufferIndex == textureBufferIndex)
+                {
+                    cachedSamplerBuffer = cachedTextureBuffer;
+                    cachedSamplerBufferIndex = samplerBufferIndex;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (stageChange || samplerBufferIndex != cachedSamplerBufferIndex)
+            {
+                ref BufferBounds bounds = ref channel.BufferManager.GetUniformBufferBounds(isCompute, stageIndex, samplerBufferIndex);
+
+                cachedSamplerBuffer = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, int>(channel.MemoryManager.Physical.GetSpan(bounds.Address, (int)bounds.Size));
+                cachedSamplerBufferIndex = samplerBufferIndex;
+            }
+
+            cachedStageIndex = stageIndex;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -423,9 +528,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="channel">GPU channel</param>
         /// <param name="poolState">Texture pool state</param>
+        /// <param name="checkTextures">Indicates whether texture descriptors should be checked</param>
         /// <param name="isCompute">Indicates whenever the check is requested by the 3D or compute engine</param>
         /// <returns>True if the state matches, false otherwise</returns>
-        private bool Matches(GpuChannel channel, GpuChannelPoolState poolState, bool isCompute)
+        private bool Matches(GpuChannel channel, GpuChannelPoolState poolState, bool checkTextures, bool isCompute)
         {
             int constantBufferUsePerStageMask = _constantBufferUsePerStage;
 
@@ -445,55 +551,60 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
                 constantBufferUsePerStageMask &= ~(1 << index);
             }
 
-            foreach (var kv in _textureSpecialization)
+            if (checkTextures)
             {
-                TextureKey textureKey = kv.Key;
+                TexturePool pool = channel.TextureManager.GetTexturePool(poolState.TexturePoolGpuVa, poolState.TexturePoolMaximumId);
 
-                (int textureBufferIndex, int samplerBufferIndex) = TextureHandle.UnpackSlots(textureKey.CbufSlot, poolState.TextureBufferIndex);
+                int cachedTextureBufferIndex = -1;
+                int cachedSamplerBufferIndex = -1;
+                int cachedStageIndex = -1;
+                ReadOnlySpan<int> cachedTextureBuffer = Span<int>.Empty;
+                ReadOnlySpan<int> cachedSamplerBuffer = Span<int>.Empty;
 
-                ulong textureCbAddress;
-                ulong samplerCbAddress;
-
-                if (isCompute)
+                foreach (var kv in _allTextures)
                 {
-                    textureCbAddress = channel.BufferManager.GetComputeUniformBufferAddress(textureBufferIndex);
-                    samplerCbAddress = channel.BufferManager.GetComputeUniformBufferAddress(samplerBufferIndex);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    textureCbAddress = channel.BufferManager.GetGraphicsUniformBufferAddress(textureKey.StageIndex, textureBufferIndex);
-                    samplerCbAddress = channel.BufferManager.GetGraphicsUniformBufferAddress(textureKey.StageIndex, samplerBufferIndex);
-                }
+                    TextureKey textureKey = kv.Key;
 
-                if (!channel.MemoryManager.Physical.IsMapped(textureCbAddress) || !channel.MemoryManager.Physical.IsMapped(samplerCbAddress))
-                {
-                    continue;
+                    (int textureBufferIndex, int samplerBufferIndex) = TextureHandle.UnpackSlots(textureKey.CbufSlot, poolState.TextureBufferIndex);
+
+                    UpdateCachedBuffer(channel,
+                        isCompute,
+                        ref cachedTextureBufferIndex,
+                        ref cachedSamplerBufferIndex,
+                        ref cachedTextureBuffer,
+                        ref cachedSamplerBuffer,
+                        ref cachedStageIndex,
+                        textureBufferIndex,
+                        samplerBufferIndex,
+                        textureKey.StageIndex);
+
+                    int packedId = TextureHandle.ReadPackedId(textureKey.Handle, cachedTextureBuffer, cachedSamplerBuffer);
+
+                    int textureId = TextureHandle.UnpackTextureId(packedId);
+
+                    ref readonly Image.TextureDescriptor descriptor = ref pool.GetDescriptorRef(textureId);
+
+                    if (!MatchesTexture(kv.Value, descriptor))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
                 }
+            }
 
-                Image.TextureDescriptor descriptor;
-
-                if (isCompute)
-                {
-                    descriptor = channel.TextureManager.GetComputeTextureDescriptor(
-                        poolState.TexturePoolGpuVa,
-                        poolState.TextureBufferIndex,
-                        poolState.TexturePoolMaximumId,
-                        textureKey.Handle,
-                        textureKey.CbufSlot);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    descriptor = channel.TextureManager.GetGraphicsTextureDescriptor(
-                        poolState.TexturePoolGpuVa,
-                        poolState.TextureBufferIndex,
-                        poolState.TexturePoolMaximumId,
-                        textureKey.StageIndex,
-                        textureKey.Handle,
-                        textureKey.CbufSlot);
-                }
-
-                Box<TextureSpecializationState> specializationState = kv.Value;
+            return true;
+        }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks if the recorded texture state matches the given texture descriptor.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="specializationState">Texture specialization state</param>
+        /// <param name="descriptor">Texture descriptor</param>
+        /// <returns>True if the state matches, false otherwise</returns>
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        private bool MatchesTexture(Box<TextureSpecializationState> specializationState, in Image.TextureDescriptor descriptor)
+        {
+            if (specializationState != null)
+            {
                 if (specializationState.Value.QueriedFlags.HasFlag(QueriedTextureStateFlags.CoordNormalized) &&
                     specializationState.Value.CoordNormalized != descriptor.UnpackTextureCoordNormalized())
                 {
@@ -504,6 +615,34 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
             return true;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks if the recorded texture state for a given texture binding matches a texture descriptor.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="stage">The shader stage</param>
+        /// <param name="index">The texture index</param>
+        /// <param name="descriptor">Texture descriptor</param>
+        /// <returns>True if the state matches, false otherwise</returns>
+        public bool MatchesTexture(ShaderStage stage, int index, in Image.TextureDescriptor descriptor)
+        {
+            Box<TextureSpecializationState> specializationState = _textureByBinding[(int)stage][index];
+
+            return MatchesTexture(specializationState, descriptor);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks if the recorded texture state for a given image binding matches a texture descriptor.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="stage">The shader stage</param>
+        /// <param name="index">The texture index</param>
+        /// <param name="descriptor">Texture descriptor</param>
+        /// <returns>True if the state matches, false otherwise</returns>
+        public bool MatchesImage(ShaderStage stage, int index, in Image.TextureDescriptor descriptor)
+        {
+            Box<TextureSpecializationState> specializationState = _imageByBinding[(int)stage][index];
+
+            return MatchesTexture(specializationState, descriptor);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Reads shader specialization state that has been serialized.
         /// </summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Framebuffer.cs

@@ -9,10 +9,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
     class Framebuffer : IDisposable
     {
         public int Handle { get; private set; }
+        private int _clearFbHandle;
+        private bool _clearFbInitialized;
 
         private FramebufferAttachment _lastDsAttachment;
 
         private readonly TextureView[] _colors;
+        private TextureView _depthStencil;
 
         private int _colorsCount;
         private bool _dualSourceBlend;
@@ -20,6 +23,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
         public Framebuffer()
         {
             Handle = GL.GenFramebuffer();
+            _clearFbHandle = GL.GenFramebuffer();
 
             _colors = new TextureView[8];
         }
@@ -55,20 +59,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
 
             if (depthStencil != null)
             {
-                FramebufferAttachment attachment;
-
-                if (IsPackedDepthStencilFormat(depthStencil.Format))
-                {
-                    attachment = FramebufferAttachment.DepthStencilAttachment;
-                }
-                else if (IsDepthOnlyFormat(depthStencil.Format))
-                {
-                    attachment = FramebufferAttachment.DepthAttachment;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    attachment = FramebufferAttachment.StencilAttachment;
-                }
+                FramebufferAttachment attachment = GetAttachment(depthStencil.Format);
 
                 GL.FramebufferTexture(
                     FramebufferTarget.Framebuffer,
@@ -82,6 +73,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
             {
                 _lastDsAttachment = 0;
             }
+
+            _depthStencil = depthStencil;
         }
 
         public void SetDualSourceBlend(bool enable)
@@ -124,6 +117,22 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
             GL.DrawBuffers(colorsCount, drawBuffers);
         }
 
+        private static FramebufferAttachment GetAttachment(Format format)
+        {
+            if (IsPackedDepthStencilFormat(format))
+            {
+                return FramebufferAttachment.DepthStencilAttachment;
+            }
+            else if (IsDepthOnlyFormat(format))
+            {
+                return FramebufferAttachment.DepthAttachment;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return FramebufferAttachment.StencilAttachment;
+            }
+        }
+
         private static bool IsPackedDepthStencilFormat(Format format)
         {
             return format == Format.D24UnormS8Uint ||
@@ -136,6 +145,78 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
             return format == Format.D16Unorm || format == Format.D32Float;
         }
 
+        public void AttachColorLayerForClear(int index, int layer)
+        {
+            TextureView color = _colors[index];
+
+            if (!IsLayered(color))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            BindClearFb();
+            GL.FramebufferTextureLayer(FramebufferTarget.Framebuffer, FramebufferAttachment.ColorAttachment0 + index, color.Handle, 0, layer);
+        }
+
+        public void DetachColorLayerForClear(int index)
+        {
+            TextureView color = _colors[index];
+
+            if (!IsLayered(color))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            GL.FramebufferTexture(FramebufferTarget.Framebuffer, FramebufferAttachment.ColorAttachment0 + index, 0, 0);
+            Bind();
+        }
+
+        public void AttachDepthStencilLayerForClear(int layer)
+        {
+            TextureView depthStencil = _depthStencil;
+
+            if (!IsLayered(depthStencil))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            BindClearFb();
+            GL.FramebufferTextureLayer(FramebufferTarget.Framebuffer, GetAttachment(depthStencil.Format), depthStencil.Handle, 0, layer);
+        }
+
+        public void DetachDepthStencilLayerForClear()
+        {
+            TextureView depthStencil = _depthStencil;
+
+            if (!IsLayered(depthStencil))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            GL.FramebufferTexture(FramebufferTarget.Framebuffer, GetAttachment(depthStencil.Format), 0, 0);
+            Bind();
+        }
+
+        private void BindClearFb()
+        {
+            GL.BindFramebuffer(FramebufferTarget.Framebuffer, _clearFbHandle);
+
+            if (!_clearFbInitialized)
+            {
+                SetDrawBuffersImpl(Constants.MaxRenderTargets);
+                _clearFbInitialized = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static bool IsLayered(TextureView view)
+        {
+            return view != null &&
+                   view.Target != Target.Texture1D &&
+                   view.Target != Target.Texture2D &&
+                   view.Target != Target.Texture2DMultisample &&
+                   view.Target != Target.TextureBuffer;
+        }
+
         public void Dispose()
         {
             if (Handle != 0)
@@ -144,6 +225,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
 
                 Handle = 0;
             }
+
+            if (_clearFbHandle != 0)
+            {
+                GL.DeleteFramebuffer(_clearFbHandle);
+
+                _clearFbHandle = 0;
+            }
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Image/IntermmediatePool.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Image
+{
+    class IntermmediatePool : IDisposable
+    {
+        private readonly Renderer _renderer;
+        private readonly List<TextureView> _entries;
+
+        public IntermmediatePool(Renderer renderer)
+        {
+            _renderer = renderer;
+            _entries = new List<TextureView>();
+        }
+
+        public TextureView GetOrCreateWithAtLeast(
+            Target target,
+            int blockWidth,
+            int blockHeight,
+            int bytesPerPixel,
+            Format format,
+            int width,
+            int height,
+            int depth,
+            int levels)
+        {
+            TextureView entry;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < _entries.Count; i++)
+            {
+                entry = _entries[i];
+
+                if (entry.Target == target && entry.Format == format)
+                {
+                    if (entry.Width < width || entry.Height < height || entry.Info.Depth < depth || entry.Info.Levels < levels)
+                    {
+                        width = Math.Max(width, entry.Width);
+                        height = Math.Max(height, entry.Height);
+                        depth = Math.Max(depth, entry.Info.Depth);
+                        levels = Math.Max(levels, entry.Info.Levels);
+
+                        entry.Dispose();
+                        entry = CreateNew(target, blockWidth, blockHeight, bytesPerPixel, format, width, height, depth, levels);
+                        _entries[i] = entry;
+                    }
+
+                    return entry;
+                }
+            }
+
+            entry = CreateNew(target, blockWidth, blockHeight, bytesPerPixel, format, width, height, depth, levels);
+            _entries.Add(entry);
+
+            return entry;
+        }
+
+        private TextureView CreateNew(
+            Target target,
+            int blockWidth,
+            int blockHeight,
+            int bytesPerPixel,
+            Format format,
+            int width,
+            int height,
+            int depth,
+            int levels)
+        {
+            return (TextureView)_renderer.CreateTexture(new TextureCreateInfo(
+                width,
+                height,
+                depth,
+                levels,
+                1,
+                blockWidth,
+                blockHeight,
+                bytesPerPixel,
+                format,
+                DepthStencilMode.Depth,
+                target,
+                SwizzleComponent.Red,
+                SwizzleComponent.Green,
+                SwizzleComponent.Blue,
+                SwizzleComponent.Alpha), 1f);
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            foreach (TextureView entry in _entries)
+            {
+                entry.Dispose();
+            }
+
+            _entries.Clear();
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Image/TextureCopy.cs

@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Image
     {
         private readonly Renderer _renderer;
 
+        public IntermmediatePool IntermmediatePool { get; }
+
         private int _srcFramebuffer;
         private int _dstFramebuffer;
 
@@ -18,6 +20,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Image
         public TextureCopy(Renderer renderer)
         {
             _renderer = renderer;
+            IntermmediatePool = new IntermmediatePool(renderer);
         }
 
         public void Copy(
@@ -25,7 +28,30 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Image
             TextureView dst,
             Extents2D   srcRegion,
             Extents2D   dstRegion,
-            bool        linearFilter)
+            bool        linearFilter,
+            int         srcLayer = 0,
+            int         dstLayer = 0,
+            int         srcLevel = 0,
+            int         dstLevel = 0)
+        {
+            int levels = Math.Min(src.Info.Levels - srcLevel, dst.Info.Levels - dstLevel);
+            int layers = Math.Min(src.Info.GetLayers() - srcLayer, dst.Info.GetLayers() - dstLayer);
+
+            Copy(src, dst, srcRegion, dstRegion, linearFilter, srcLayer, dstLayer, srcLevel, dstLevel, layers, levels);
+        }
+
+        public void Copy(
+            TextureView src,
+            TextureView dst,
+            Extents2D   srcRegion,
+            Extents2D   dstRegion,
+            bool        linearFilter,
+            int         srcLayer,
+            int         dstLayer,
+            int         srcLevel,
+            int         dstLevel,
+            int         layers,
+            int         levels)
         {
             TextureView srcConverted = src.Format.IsBgr() != dst.Format.IsBgr() ? BgraSwap(src) : src;
 
@@ -34,22 +60,29 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Image
             GL.BindFramebuffer(FramebufferTarget.ReadFramebuffer, GetSrcFramebufferLazy());
             GL.BindFramebuffer(FramebufferTarget.DrawFramebuffer, GetDstFramebufferLazy());
 
-            int levels = Math.Min(src.Info.Levels, dst.Info.Levels);
-            int layers = Math.Min(src.Info.GetLayers(), dst.Info.GetLayers());
+            if (srcLevel != 0)
+            {
+                srcRegion = srcRegion.Reduce(srcLevel);
+            }
+
+            if (dstLevel != 0)
+            {
+                dstRegion = dstRegion.Reduce(dstLevel);
+            }
 
             for (int level = 0; level < levels; level++)
             {
                 for (int layer = 0; layer < layers; layer++)
                 {
-                    if (layers > 1)
+                    if ((srcLayer | dstLayer) != 0 || layers > 1)
                     {
-                        Attach(FramebufferTarget.ReadFramebuffer, src.Format, srcConverted.Handle, level, layer);
-                        Attach(FramebufferTarget.DrawFramebuffer, dst.Format, dst.Handle, level, layer);
+                        Attach(FramebufferTarget.ReadFramebuffer, src.Format, srcConverted.Handle, srcLevel + level, srcLayer + layer);
+                        Attach(FramebufferTarget.DrawFramebuffer, dst.Format, dst.Handle, dstLevel + level, dstLayer + layer);
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        Attach(FramebufferTarget.ReadFramebuffer, src.Format, srcConverted.Handle, level);
-                        Attach(FramebufferTarget.DrawFramebuffer, dst.Format, dst.Handle, level);
+                        Attach(FramebufferTarget.ReadFramebuffer, src.Format, srcConverted.Handle, srcLevel + level);
+                        Attach(FramebufferTarget.DrawFramebuffer, dst.Format, dst.Handle, dstLevel + level);
                     }
 
                     ClearBufferMask mask = GetMask(src.Format);
@@ -484,6 +517,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Image
 
                 _copyPboHandle = 0;
             }
+
+            IntermmediatePool.Dispose();
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Image/TextureView.cs

@@ -115,14 +115,77 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Image
         {
             TextureView destinationView = (TextureView)destination;
 
-            _renderer.TextureCopy.CopyUnscaled(this, destinationView, 0, firstLayer, 0, firstLevel);
+            if (destinationView.Target.IsMultisample() || Target.IsMultisample())
+            {
+                Extents2D srcRegion = new Extents2D(0, 0, Width, Height);
+                Extents2D dstRegion = new Extents2D(0, 0, destinationView.Width, destinationView.Height);
+
+                TextureView intermmediate = _renderer.TextureCopy.IntermmediatePool.GetOrCreateWithAtLeast(
+                    GetIntermmediateTarget(Target),
+                    Info.BlockWidth,
+                    Info.BlockHeight,
+                    Info.BytesPerPixel,
+                    Format,
+                    Width,
+                    Height,
+                    Info.Depth,
+                    Info.Levels);
+
+                GL.Disable(EnableCap.FramebufferSrgb);
+
+                _renderer.TextureCopy.Copy(this, intermmediate, srcRegion, srcRegion, true);
+                _renderer.TextureCopy.Copy(intermmediate, destinationView, srcRegion, dstRegion, true, 0, firstLayer, 0, firstLevel);
+
+                GL.Enable(EnableCap.FramebufferSrgb);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                _renderer.TextureCopy.CopyUnscaled(this, destinationView, 0, firstLayer, 0, firstLevel);
+            }
         }
 
         public void CopyTo(ITexture destination, int srcLayer, int dstLayer, int srcLevel, int dstLevel)
         {
-             TextureView destinationView = (TextureView)destination;
+            TextureView destinationView = (TextureView)destination;
 
-            _renderer.TextureCopy.CopyUnscaled(this, destinationView, srcLayer, dstLayer, srcLevel, dstLevel, 1, 1);
+            if (destinationView.Target.IsMultisample() || Target.IsMultisample())
+            {
+                Extents2D srcRegion = new Extents2D(0, 0, Width, Height);
+                Extents2D dstRegion = new Extents2D(0, 0, destinationView.Width, destinationView.Height);
+
+                TextureView intermmediate = _renderer.TextureCopy.IntermmediatePool.GetOrCreateWithAtLeast(
+                    GetIntermmediateTarget(Target),
+                    Info.BlockWidth,
+                    Info.BlockHeight,
+                    Info.BytesPerPixel,
+                    Format,
+                    Math.Max(1, Width >> srcLevel),
+                    Math.Max(1, Height >> srcLevel),
+                    1,
+                    1);
+
+                GL.Disable(EnableCap.FramebufferSrgb);
+
+                _renderer.TextureCopy.Copy(this, intermmediate, srcRegion, srcRegion, true, srcLayer, 0, srcLevel, 0, 1, 1);
+                _renderer.TextureCopy.Copy(intermmediate, destinationView, srcRegion, dstRegion, true, 0, dstLayer, 0, dstLevel, 1, 1);
+
+                GL.Enable(EnableCap.FramebufferSrgb);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                _renderer.TextureCopy.CopyUnscaled(this, destinationView, srcLayer, dstLayer, srcLevel, dstLevel, 1, 1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static Target GetIntermmediateTarget(Target srcTarget)
+        {
+            return srcTarget switch
+            {
+                Target.Texture2D => Target.Texture2DMultisample,
+                Target.Texture2DArray => Target.Texture2DMultisampleArray,
+                Target.Texture2DMultisampleArray => Target.Texture2DArray,
+                _ => Target.Texture2D
+            };
         }
 
         public void CopyTo(ITexture destination, Extents2D srcRegion, Extents2D dstRegion, bool linearFilter)

Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Pipeline.cs

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
             Buffer.Clear(destination, offset, size, value);
         }
 
-        public void ClearRenderTargetColor(int index, uint componentMask, ColorF color)
+        public void ClearRenderTargetColor(int index, int layer, uint componentMask, ColorF color)
         {
             GL.ColorMask(
                 index,
@@ -119,14 +119,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
                 (componentMask & 4) != 0,
                 (componentMask & 8) != 0);
 
+            _framebuffer.AttachColorLayerForClear(index, layer);
+
             float[] colors = new float[] { color.Red, color.Green, color.Blue, color.Alpha };
 
             GL.ClearBuffer(OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL.ClearBuffer.Color, index, colors);
 
+            _framebuffer.DetachColorLayerForClear(index);
+
             RestoreComponentMask(index);
         }
 
-        public void ClearRenderTargetDepthStencil(float depthValue, bool depthMask, int stencilValue, int stencilMask)
+        public void ClearRenderTargetDepthStencil(int layer, float depthValue, bool depthMask, int stencilValue, int stencilMask)
         {
             bool stencilMaskChanged =
                 stencilMask != 0 &&
@@ -144,6 +148,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
                 GL.DepthMask(depthMask);
             }
 
+            _framebuffer.AttachDepthStencilLayerForClear(layer);
+
             if (depthMask && stencilMask != 0)
             {
                 GL.ClearBuffer(ClearBufferCombined.DepthStencil, 0, depthValue, stencilValue);
@@ -157,6 +163,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
                 GL.ClearBuffer(OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL.ClearBuffer.Stencil, 0, ref stencilValue);
             }
 
+            _framebuffer.DetachDepthStencilLayerForClear();
+
             if (stencilMaskChanged)
             {
                 GL.StencilMaskSeparate(StencilFace.Front, _stencilFrontMask);
@@ -597,6 +605,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
                         GL.EndTransformFeedback();
                     }
 
+                    GL.ClipControl(ClipOrigin.UpperLeft, ClipDepthMode.NegativeOneToOne);
+
                     _drawTexture.Draw(
                         view,
                         samp,
@@ -627,6 +637,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
                     {
                         GL.BeginTransformFeedback(_tfTopology);
                     }
+
+                    RestoreClipControl();
                 }
             }
         }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/TextureHandle.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using System;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader
@@ -50,5 +51,63 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader
         {
             return (handle & 0x3fff, (handle >> 14) & 0x3fff, (TextureHandleType)((uint)handle >> 28));
         }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Unpacks the texture ID from the real texture handle.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="packedId">The real texture handle</param>
+        /// <returns>The texture ID</returns>
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static int UnpackTextureId(int packedId)
+        {
+            return (packedId >> 0) & 0xfffff;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Unpacks the sampler ID from the real texture handle.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="packedId">The real texture handle</param>
+        /// <returns>The sampler ID</returns>
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static int UnpackSamplerId(int packedId)
+        {
+            return (packedId >> 20) & 0xfff;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads a packed texture and sampler ID (basically, the real texture handle)
+        /// from a given texture/sampler constant buffer.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="wordOffset">A word offset of the handle on the buffer (the "fake" shader handle)</param>
+        /// <param name="cachedTextureBuffer">The constant buffer to fetch texture IDs from</param>
+        /// <param name="cachedSamplerBuffer">The constant buffer to fetch sampler IDs from</param>
+        /// <returns>The packed texture and sampler ID (the real texture handle)</returns>
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static int ReadPackedId(int wordOffset, ReadOnlySpan<int> cachedTextureBuffer, ReadOnlySpan<int> cachedSamplerBuffer)
+        {
+            (int textureWordOffset, int samplerWordOffset, TextureHandleType handleType) = UnpackOffsets(wordOffset);
+
+            int handle = cachedTextureBuffer[textureWordOffset];
+
+            // The "wordOffset" (which is really the immediate value used on texture instructions on the shader)
+            // is a 13-bit value. However, in order to also support separate samplers and textures (which uses
+            // bindless textures on the shader), we extend it with another value on the higher 16 bits with
+            // another offset for the sampler.
+            // The shader translator has code to detect separate texture and sampler uses with a bindless texture,
+            // turn that into a regular texture access and produce those special handles with values on the higher 16 bits.
+            if (handleType != TextureHandleType.CombinedSampler)
+            {
+                int samplerHandle = cachedSamplerBuffer[samplerWordOffset];
+
+                if (handleType == TextureHandleType.SeparateSamplerId)
+                {
+                    samplerHandle <<= 20;
+                }
+
+                handle |= samplerHandle;
+            }
+
+            return handle;
+        }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic/Blender.cs

@@ -10,17 +10,22 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic
 {
     static class Blender
     {
-        public static void BlendOne(Surface dst, Surface src, ref SlotStruct slot)
+        public static void BlendOne(Surface dst, Surface src, ref SlotStruct slot, Rectangle targetRect)
         {
-            if (Sse41.IsSupported && (dst.Width & 3) == 0)
+            int x1 = targetRect.X;
+            int y1 = targetRect.Y;
+            int x2 = Math.Min(src.Width, x1 + targetRect.Width);
+            int y2 = Math.Min(src.Height, y1 + targetRect.Height);
+
+            if (Sse41.IsSupported && ((x1 | x2) & 3) == 0)
             {
-                BlendOneSse41(dst, src, ref slot);
+                BlendOneSse41(dst, src, ref slot, x1, y1, x2, y2);
                 return;
             }
 
-            for (int y = 0; y < dst.Height; y++)
+            for (int y = y1; y < y2; y++)
             {
-                for (int x = 0; x < dst.Width; x++)
+                for (int x = x1; x < x2; x++)
                 {
                     int inR = src.GetR(x, y);
                     int inG = src.GetG(x, y);
@@ -40,9 +45,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic
             }
         }
 
-        private unsafe static void BlendOneSse41(Surface dst, Surface src, ref SlotStruct slot)
+        private unsafe static void BlendOneSse41(Surface dst, Surface src, ref SlotStruct slot, int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
         {
-            Debug.Assert((dst.Width & 3) == 0);
+            Debug.Assert(((x1 | x2) & 3) == 0);
 
             ref MatrixStruct mtx = ref slot.ColorMatrixStruct;
 
@@ -62,9 +67,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic
                 Pixel* ip = srcPtr;
                 Pixel* op = dstPtr;
 
-                for (int y = 0; y < dst.Height; y++, ip += src.Width, op += dst.Width)
+                for (int y = y1; y < y2; y++, ip += src.Width, op += dst.Width)
                 {
-                    for (int x = 0; x < dst.Width; x += 4)
+                    for (int x = x1; x < x2; x += 4)
                     {
                         Vector128<int> pixel1 = Sse41.ConvertToVector128Int32((ushort*)(ip + (uint)x));
                         Vector128<int> pixel2 = Sse41.ConvertToVector128Int32((ushort*)(ip + (uint)x + 1));

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic/Rectangle.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic
+{
+    struct Rectangle
+    {
+        public readonly int X;
+        public readonly int Y;
+        public readonly int Width;
+        public readonly int Height;
+
+        public Rectangle(int x, int y, int width, int height)
+        {
+            X = x;
+            Y = y;
+            Width = width;
+            Height = height;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic/VicDevice.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic.Image;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic.Types;
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic
@@ -47,7 +48,19 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic
 
                 using Surface src = SurfaceReader.Read(_rm, ref slot.SlotConfig, ref slot.SlotSurfaceConfig, ref offsets);
 
-                Blender.BlendOne(output, src, ref slot);
+                int x1 = config.OutputConfig.TargetRectLeft;
+                int y1 = config.OutputConfig.TargetRectTop;
+                int x2 = config.OutputConfig.TargetRectRight + 1;
+                int y2 = config.OutputConfig.TargetRectBottom + 1;
+
+                int targetX = Math.Min(x1, x2);
+                int targetY = Math.Min(y1, y2);
+                int targetW = Math.Min(output.Width - targetX, Math.Abs(x2 - x1));
+                int targetH = Math.Min(output.Height - targetY, Math.Abs(y2 - y1));
+
+                Rectangle targetRect = new Rectangle(targetX, targetY, targetW, targetH);
+
+                Blender.BlendOne(output, src, ref slot, targetRect);
             }
 
             SurfaceWriter.Write(_rm, output, ref config.OutputSurfaceConfig, ref _state.State.SetOutputSurface);

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/ApplicationLoader.cs

@@ -280,13 +280,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
                 return;
             }
 
-            if (mainNca == null)
-            {
-                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, "Unable to load NSP: Could not find Main NCA");
-
-                return;
-            }
-
             if (mainNca != null)
             {
                 _device.Configuration.ContentManager.ClearAocData();
@@ -298,7 +291,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
             }
 
             // This is not a normal NSP, it's actually a ExeFS as a NSP
-            LoadExeFs(nsp);
+            LoadExeFs(nsp, null, isHomebrew: true);
         }
 
         public void LoadNca(string ncaFile)
@@ -593,7 +586,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
             }
         }
 
-        private void LoadExeFs(IFileSystem codeFs, MetaLoader metaData = null)
+        private void LoadExeFs(IFileSystem codeFs, MetaLoader metaData = null, bool isHomebrew = false)
         {
             if (_device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.ReplaceExefsPartition(TitleId, ref codeFs))
             {
@@ -661,7 +654,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
             Ptc.Initialize(TitleIdText, DisplayVersion, usePtc, memoryManagerMode);
 
             // We allow it for nx-hbloader because it can be used to launch homebrew.
-            bool allowCodeMemoryForJit = TitleId == 0x010000000000100DUL;
+            bool allowCodeMemoryForJit = TitleId == 0x010000000000100DUL || isHomebrew;
 
             metaData.GetNpdm(out Npdm npdm).ThrowIfFailure();
             ProgramInfo programInfo = new ProgramInfo(in npdm, allowCodeMemoryForJit);

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/ArmProcessContext.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 using ARMeilleure.Memory;
-using ARMeilleure.State;
 using Ryujinx.Cpu;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Process;
@@ -11,12 +10,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
     {
         private readonly ulong _pid;
         private readonly GpuContext _gpuContext;
-        private readonly CpuContext _cpuContext;
+        private readonly ICpuContext _cpuContext;
         private T _memoryManager;
 
         public IVirtualMemoryManager AddressSpace => _memoryManager;
 
-        public ArmProcessContext(ulong pid, GpuContext gpuContext, T memoryManager, bool for64Bit)
+        public ArmProcessContext(ulong pid, ICpuEngine cpuEngine, GpuContext gpuContext, T memoryManager, bool for64Bit)
         {
             if (memoryManager is IRefCounted rc)
             {
@@ -27,11 +26,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
 
             _pid = pid;
             _gpuContext = gpuContext;
-            _cpuContext = new CpuContext(memoryManager, for64Bit);
+            _cpuContext = cpuEngine.CreateCpuContext(memoryManager, for64Bit);
             _memoryManager = memoryManager;
         }
 
-        public void Execute(ExecutionContext context, ulong codeAddress)
+        public IExecutionContext CreateExecutionContext(ExceptionCallbacks exceptionCallbacks)
+        {
+            return _cpuContext.CreateExecutionContext(exceptionCallbacks);
+        }
+
+        public void Execute(IExecutionContext context, ulong codeAddress)
         {
             _cpuContext.Execute(context, codeAddress);
         }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/ArmProcessContextFactory.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration;
 using Ryujinx.Cpu;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Process;
@@ -10,10 +11,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
 {
     class ArmProcessContextFactory : IProcessContextFactory
     {
+        private readonly ICpuEngine _cpuEngine;
         private readonly GpuContext _gpu;
 
-        public ArmProcessContextFactory(GpuContext gpu)
+        public ArmProcessContextFactory(ICpuEngine cpuEngine, GpuContext gpu)
         {
+            _cpuEngine = cpuEngine;
             _gpu = gpu;
         }
 
@@ -29,12 +32,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
             switch (mode)
             {
                 case MemoryManagerMode.SoftwarePageTable:
-                    return new ArmProcessContext<MemoryManager>(pid, _gpu, new MemoryManager(context.Memory, addressSpaceSize, invalidAccessHandler), for64Bit);
+                    var memoryManager = new MemoryManager(context.Memory, addressSpaceSize, invalidAccessHandler);
+                    return new ArmProcessContext<MemoryManager>(pid, _cpuEngine, _gpu, memoryManager, for64Bit);
 
                 case MemoryManagerMode.HostMapped:
                 case MemoryManagerMode.HostMappedUnsafe:
                     bool unsafeMode = mode == MemoryManagerMode.HostMappedUnsafe;
-                    return new ArmProcessContext<MemoryManagerHostMapped>(pid, _gpu, new MemoryManagerHostMapped(context.Memory, addressSpaceSize, unsafeMode, invalidAccessHandler), for64Bit);
+                    var memoryManagerHostMapped = new MemoryManagerHostMapped(context.Memory, addressSpaceSize, unsafeMode, invalidAccessHandler);
+                    return new ArmProcessContext<MemoryManagerHostMapped>(pid, _cpuEngine, _gpu, memoryManagerHostMapped, for64Bit);
 
                 default:
                     throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Horizon.cs

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ using Ryujinx.Audio.Integration;
 using Ryujinx.Audio.Output;
 using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Device;
 using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory;
@@ -57,6 +59,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
 
         internal Switch Device { get; private set; }
 
+        internal ITickSource TickSource { get; }
+        internal ICpuEngine CpuEngine { get; }
+
         internal SurfaceFlinger SurfaceFlinger { get; private set; }
         internal AudioManager AudioManager { get; private set; }
         internal AudioOutputManager AudioOutputManager { get; private set; }
@@ -121,7 +126,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
 
         public Horizon(Switch device)
         {
+            TickSource = new TickSource(KernelConstants.CounterFrequency);
+            CpuEngine = new JitEngine(TickSource);
+
             KernelContext = new KernelContext(
+                TickSource,
                 device,
                 device.Memory,
                 device.Configuration.MemoryConfiguration.ToKernelMemorySize(),
@@ -215,40 +224,40 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
             internalOffset = new TimeSpanType(-internalOffset.NanoSeconds);
 
             // First init the standard steady clock
-            TimeServiceManager.Instance.SetupStandardSteadyClock(null, clockSourceId, systemTime, internalOffset, TimeSpanType.Zero, false);
-            TimeServiceManager.Instance.SetupStandardLocalSystemClock(null, new SystemClockContext(), systemTime.ToSeconds());
+            TimeServiceManager.Instance.SetupStandardSteadyClock(TickSource, clockSourceId, systemTime, internalOffset, TimeSpanType.Zero, false);
+            TimeServiceManager.Instance.SetupStandardLocalSystemClock(TickSource, new SystemClockContext(), systemTime.ToSeconds());
 
             if (NxSettings.Settings.TryGetValue("time!standard_network_clock_sufficient_accuracy_minutes", out object standardNetworkClockSufficientAccuracyMinutes))
             {
                 TimeSpanType standardNetworkClockSufficientAccuracy = new TimeSpanType((int)standardNetworkClockSufficientAccuracyMinutes * 60000000000);
 
                 // The network system clock needs a valid system clock, as such we setup this system clock using the local system clock.
-                TimeServiceManager.Instance.StandardLocalSystemClock.GetClockContext(null, out SystemClockContext localSytemClockContext);
+                TimeServiceManager.Instance.StandardLocalSystemClock.GetClockContext(TickSource, out SystemClockContext localSytemClockContext);
                 TimeServiceManager.Instance.SetupStandardNetworkSystemClock(localSytemClockContext, standardNetworkClockSufficientAccuracy);
             }
 
-            TimeServiceManager.Instance.SetupStandardUserSystemClock(null, false, SteadyClockTimePoint.GetRandom());
+            TimeServiceManager.Instance.SetupStandardUserSystemClock(TickSource, false, SteadyClockTimePoint.GetRandom());
 
             // FIXME: TimeZone should be init here but it's actually done in ContentManager
 
             TimeServiceManager.Instance.SetupEphemeralNetworkSystemClock();
 
-            DatabaseImpl.Instance.InitializeDatabase(LibHacHorizonManager.SdbClient);
+            DatabaseImpl.Instance.InitializeDatabase(TickSource, LibHacHorizonManager.SdbClient);
 
             HostSyncpoint = new NvHostSyncpt(device);
 
             SurfaceFlinger = new SurfaceFlinger(device);
 
-            InitializeAudioRenderer();
+            InitializeAudioRenderer(TickSource);
             InitializeServices();
         }
 
-        private void InitializeAudioRenderer()
+        private void InitializeAudioRenderer(ITickSource tickSource)
         {
             AudioManager = new AudioManager();
             AudioOutputManager = new AudioOutputManager();
             AudioInputManager = new AudioInputManager();
-            AudioRendererManager = new AudioRendererManager();
+            AudioRendererManager = new AudioRendererManager(tickSource);
             AudioRendererManager.SetVolume(Device.Configuration.AudioVolume);
             AudioDeviceSessionRegistry = new VirtualDeviceSessionRegistry();
 
@@ -492,12 +501,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
                 if (pause && !IsPaused)
                 {
                     Device.AudioDeviceDriver.GetPauseEvent().Reset();
-                    ARMeilleure.State.ExecutionContext.SuspendCounter();
+                    TickSource.Suspend();
                 }
                 else if (!pause && IsPaused)
                 {
                     Device.AudioDeviceDriver.GetPauseEvent().Set();
-                    ARMeilleure.State.ExecutionContext.ResumeCounter();
+                    TickSource.Resume();
                 }
             }
             IsPaused = pause;

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/KernelConstants.cs

@@ -12,5 +12,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel
         public const ulong UserSlabHeapBase = DramMemoryMap.SlabHeapBase;
         public const ulong UserSlabHeapItemSize = KPageTableBase.PageSize;
         public const ulong UserSlabHeapSize = 0x3de000;
+
+        public const ulong CounterFrequency = 19200000;
     }
 }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/KernelContext.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Common;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Common;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Process;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall;
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel
 
         public Switch Device { get; }
         public MemoryBlock Memory { get; }
+        public ITickSource TickSource { get; }
         public Syscall Syscall { get; }
         public SyscallHandler SyscallHandler { get; }
 
@@ -52,11 +54,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel
         private ulong _threadUid;
 
         public KernelContext(
+            ITickSource tickSource,
             Switch device,
             MemoryBlock memory,
             MemorySize memorySize,
             MemoryArrange memoryArrange)
         {
+            TickSource = tickSource;
             Device = device;
             Memory = memory;
 

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/Memory/KMemoryRegionBlock.cs

@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
-{
-    class KMemoryRegionBlock
-    {
-        public long[][] Masks;
-
-        public ulong FreeCount;
-        public int   MaxLevel;
-        public ulong StartAligned;
-        public ulong SizeInBlocksTruncated;
-        public ulong SizeInBlocksRounded;
-        public int   Order;
-        public int   NextOrder;
-
-        public bool TryCoalesce(int index, int count)
-        {
-            long mask = ((1L << count) - 1) << (index & 63);
-
-            index /= 64;
-
-            if (count >= 64)
-            {
-                int remaining = count;
-                int tempIdx = index;
-
-                do
-                {
-                    if (Masks[MaxLevel - 1][tempIdx++] != -1L)
-                    {
-                        return false;
-                    }
-
-                    remaining -= 64;
-                }
-                while (remaining != 0);
-
-                remaining = count;
-                tempIdx = index;
-
-                do
-                {
-                    Masks[MaxLevel - 1][tempIdx] = 0;
-
-                    ClearMaskBit(MaxLevel - 2, tempIdx++);
-
-                    remaining -= 64;
-                }
-                while (remaining != 0);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                long value = Masks[MaxLevel - 1][index];
-
-                if ((mask & ~value) != 0)
-                {
-                    return false;
-                }
-
-                value &= ~mask;
-
-                Masks[MaxLevel - 1][index] = value;
-
-                if (value == 0)
-                {
-                    ClearMaskBit(MaxLevel - 2, index);
-                }
-            }
-
-            FreeCount -= (ulong)count;
-
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        public void ClearMaskBit(int startLevel, int index)
-        {
-            for (int level = startLevel; level >= 0; level--, index /= 64)
-            {
-                Masks[level][index / 64] &= ~(1L << (index & 63));
-
-                if (Masks[level][index / 64] != 0)
-                {
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/Memory/KMemoryRegionManager.cs

@@ -1,102 +1,42 @@
-using Ryujinx.Common;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Common;
 using System.Diagnostics;
-using System.Numerics;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
 {
     class KMemoryRegionManager
     {
-        private static readonly int[] BlockOrders = new int[] { 12, 16, 21, 22, 25, 29, 30 };
+        private readonly KPageHeap _pageHeap;
 
-        public ulong Address { get; private set; }
-        public ulong EndAddr { get; private set; }
-        public ulong Size    { get; private set; }
-
-        private int _blockOrdersCount;
-
-        private readonly KMemoryRegionBlock[] _blocks;
+        public ulong Address { get; }
+        public ulong Size { get; }
+        public ulong EndAddr => Address + Size;
 
         private readonly ushort[] _pageReferenceCounts;
 
         public KMemoryRegionManager(ulong address, ulong size, ulong endAddr)
         {
-            _blocks = new KMemoryRegionBlock[BlockOrders.Length];
-
             Address = address;
-            Size    = size;
-            EndAddr = endAddr;
-
-            _blockOrdersCount = BlockOrders.Length;
-
-            for (int blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < _blockOrdersCount; blockIndex++)
-            {
-                _blocks[blockIndex] = new KMemoryRegionBlock();
-
-                _blocks[blockIndex].Order = BlockOrders[blockIndex];
-
-                int nextOrder = blockIndex == _blockOrdersCount - 1 ? 0 : BlockOrders[blockIndex + 1];
-
-                _blocks[blockIndex].NextOrder = nextOrder;
-
-                int currBlockSize = 1 << BlockOrders[blockIndex];
-                int nextBlockSize = currBlockSize;
-
-                if (nextOrder != 0)
-                {
-                    nextBlockSize = 1 << nextOrder;
-                }
-
-                ulong startAligned   = BitUtils.AlignDown(address, nextBlockSize);
-                ulong endAddrAligned = BitUtils.AlignDown(endAddr, currBlockSize);
-
-                ulong sizeInBlocksTruncated = (endAddrAligned - startAligned) >> BlockOrders[blockIndex];
-
-                ulong endAddrRounded = BitUtils.AlignUp(address + size, nextBlockSize);
-
-                ulong sizeInBlocksRounded = (endAddrRounded - startAligned) >> BlockOrders[blockIndex];
-
-                _blocks[blockIndex].StartAligned          = startAligned;
-                _blocks[blockIndex].SizeInBlocksTruncated = sizeInBlocksTruncated;
-                _blocks[blockIndex].SizeInBlocksRounded   = sizeInBlocksRounded;
-
-                ulong currSizeInBlocks = sizeInBlocksRounded;
-
-                int maxLevel = 0;
-
-                do
-                {
-                    maxLevel++;
-                }
-                while ((currSizeInBlocks /= 64) != 0);
-
-                _blocks[blockIndex].MaxLevel = maxLevel;
-
-                _blocks[blockIndex].Masks = new long[maxLevel][];
-
-                currSizeInBlocks = sizeInBlocksRounded;
-
-                for (int level = maxLevel - 1; level >= 0; level--)
-                {
-                    currSizeInBlocks = (currSizeInBlocks + 63) / 64;
-
-                    _blocks[blockIndex].Masks[level] = new long[currSizeInBlocks];
-                }
-            }
+            Size = size;
 
             _pageReferenceCounts = new ushort[size / KPageTableBase.PageSize];
 
-            if (size != 0)
-            {
-                FreePages(address, size / KPageTableBase.PageSize);
-            }
+            _pageHeap = new KPageHeap(address, size);
+            _pageHeap.Free(address, size / KPageTableBase.PageSize);
+            _pageHeap.UpdateUsedSize();
         }
 
-        public KernelResult AllocatePages(ulong pagesCount, bool backwards, out KPageList pageList)
+        public KernelResult AllocatePages(out KPageList pageList, ulong pagesCount)
         {
-            lock (_blocks)
+            if (pagesCount == 0)
             {
-                KernelResult result = AllocatePagesImpl(pagesCount, backwards, out pageList);
+                pageList = new KPageList();
+
+                return KernelResult.Success;
+            }
+
+            lock (_pageHeap)
+            {
+                KernelResult result = AllocatePagesImpl(out pageList, pagesCount, false);
 
                 if (result == KernelResult.Success)
                 {
@@ -112,9 +52,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
 
         public ulong AllocatePagesContiguous(KernelContext context, ulong pagesCount, bool backwards)
         {
-            lock (_blocks)
+            if (pagesCount == 0)
             {
-                ulong address = AllocatePagesContiguousImpl(pagesCount, backwards);
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            lock (_pageHeap)
+            {
+                ulong address = AllocatePagesContiguousImpl(pagesCount, 1, backwards);
 
                 if (address != 0)
                 {
@@ -126,373 +71,110 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
             }
         }
 
-        private KernelResult AllocatePagesImpl(ulong pagesCount, bool backwards, out KPageList pageList)
+        private KernelResult AllocatePagesImpl(out KPageList pageList, ulong pagesCount, bool random)
         {
             pageList = new KPageList();
 
-            if (_blockOrdersCount > 0)
-            {
-                if (GetFreePagesImpl() < pagesCount)
-                {
-                    return KernelResult.OutOfMemory;
-                }
-            }
-            else if (pagesCount != 0)
+            int heapIndex = KPageHeap.GetBlockIndex(pagesCount);
+
+            if (heapIndex < 0)
             {
                 return KernelResult.OutOfMemory;
             }
 
-            for (int blockIndex = _blockOrdersCount - 1; blockIndex >= 0; blockIndex--)
+            for (int index = heapIndex; index >= 0; index--)
             {
-                KMemoryRegionBlock block = _blocks[blockIndex];
+                ulong pagesPerAlloc = KPageHeap.GetBlockPagesCount(index);
 
-                ulong bestFitBlockSize = 1UL << block.Order;
-
-                ulong blockPagesCount = bestFitBlockSize / KPageTableBase.PageSize;
-
-                // Check if this is the best fit for this page size.
-                // If so, try allocating as much requested pages as possible.
-                while (blockPagesCount <= pagesCount)
+                while (pagesCount >= pagesPerAlloc)
                 {
-                    ulong address = AllocatePagesForOrder(blockIndex, backwards, bestFitBlockSize);
+                    ulong allocatedBlock = _pageHeap.AllocateBlock(index, random);
 
-                    // The address being zero means that no free space was found on that order,
-                    // just give up and try with the next one.
-                    if (address == 0)
+                    if (allocatedBlock == 0)
                     {
                         break;
                     }
 
-                    // Add new allocated page(s) to the pages list.
-                    // If an error occurs, then free all allocated pages and fail.
-                    KernelResult result = pageList.AddRange(address, blockPagesCount);
+                    KernelResult result = pageList.AddRange(allocatedBlock, pagesPerAlloc);
 
                     if (result != KernelResult.Success)
                     {
-                        FreePages(address, blockPagesCount);
-
-                        foreach (KPageNode pageNode in pageList)
-                        {
-                            FreePages(pageNode.Address, pageNode.PagesCount);
-                        }
+                        FreePages(pageList);
+                        _pageHeap.Free(allocatedBlock, pagesPerAlloc);
 
                         return result;
                     }
 
-                    pagesCount -= blockPagesCount;
+                    pagesCount -= pagesPerAlloc;
                 }
             }
 
-            // Success case, all requested pages were allocated successfully.
-            if (pagesCount == 0)
+            if (pagesCount != 0)
             {
-                return KernelResult.Success;
+                FreePages(pageList);
+
+                return KernelResult.OutOfMemory;
             }
 
-            // Error case, free allocated pages and return out of memory.
-            foreach (KPageNode pageNode in pageList)
-            {
-                FreePages(pageNode.Address, pageNode.PagesCount);
-            }
-
-            pageList = null;
-
-            return KernelResult.OutOfMemory;
+            return KernelResult.Success;
         }
 
-        private ulong AllocatePagesContiguousImpl(ulong pagesCount, bool backwards)
+        private ulong AllocatePagesContiguousImpl(ulong pagesCount, ulong alignPages, bool random)
         {
-            if (pagesCount == 0 || _blocks.Length < 1)
+            int heapIndex = KPageHeap.GetAlignedBlockIndex(pagesCount, alignPages);
+
+            ulong allocatedBlock = _pageHeap.AllocateBlock(heapIndex, random);
+
+            if (allocatedBlock == 0)
             {
                 return 0;
             }
 
-            int blockIndex = 0;
+            ulong allocatedPages = KPageHeap.GetBlockPagesCount(heapIndex);
 
-            while ((1UL << _blocks[blockIndex].Order) / KPageTableBase.PageSize < pagesCount)
+            if (allocatedPages > pagesCount)
             {
-                if (++blockIndex >= _blocks.Length)
-                {
-                    return 0;
-                }
+                _pageHeap.Free(allocatedBlock + pagesCount * KPageTableBase.PageSize, allocatedPages - pagesCount);
             }
 
-            ulong tightestFitBlockSize = 1UL << _blocks[blockIndex].Order;
-
-            ulong address = AllocatePagesForOrder(blockIndex, backwards, tightestFitBlockSize);
-
-            ulong requiredSize = pagesCount * KPageTableBase.PageSize;
-
-            if (address != 0 && tightestFitBlockSize > requiredSize)
-            {
-                FreePages(address + requiredSize, (tightestFitBlockSize - requiredSize) / KPageTableBase.PageSize);
-            }
-
-            return address;
+            return allocatedBlock;
         }
 
-        private ulong AllocatePagesForOrder(int blockIndex, bool backwards, ulong bestFitBlockSize)
+        public void FreePage(ulong address)
         {
-            ulong address = 0;
-
-            KMemoryRegionBlock block = null;
-
-            for (int currBlockIndex = blockIndex;
-                     currBlockIndex < _blockOrdersCount && address == 0;
-                     currBlockIndex++)
+            lock (_pageHeap)
             {
-                block = _blocks[currBlockIndex];
-
-                int index = 0;
-
-                bool zeroMask = false;
-
-                for (int level = 0; level < block.MaxLevel; level++)
-                {
-                    long mask = block.Masks[level][index];
-
-                    if (mask == 0)
-                    {
-                        zeroMask = true;
-
-                        break;
-                    }
-
-                    if (backwards)
-                    {
-                        index = (index * 64 + 63) - BitOperations.LeadingZeroCount((ulong)mask);
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        index = index * 64 + BitOperations.LeadingZeroCount((ulong)BitUtils.ReverseBits64(mask));
-                    }
-                }
-
-                if (block.SizeInBlocksTruncated <= (ulong)index || zeroMask)
-                {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                block.FreeCount--;
-
-                int tempIdx = index;
-
-                for (int level = block.MaxLevel - 1; level >= 0; level--, tempIdx /= 64)
-                {
-                    block.Masks[level][tempIdx / 64] &= ~(1L << (tempIdx & 63));
-
-                    if (block.Masks[level][tempIdx / 64] != 0)
-                    {
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                address = block.StartAligned + ((ulong)index << block.Order);
+                _pageHeap.Free(address, 1);
             }
-
-            for (int currBlockIndex = blockIndex;
-                     currBlockIndex < _blockOrdersCount && address == 0;
-                     currBlockIndex++)
-            {
-                block = _blocks[currBlockIndex];
-
-                int index = 0;
-
-                bool zeroMask = false;
-
-                for (int level = 0; level < block.MaxLevel; level++)
-                {
-                    long mask = block.Masks[level][index];
-
-                    if (mask == 0)
-                    {
-                        zeroMask = true;
-
-                        break;
-                    }
-
-                    if (backwards)
-                    {
-                        index = index * 64 + BitOperations.LeadingZeroCount((ulong)BitUtils.ReverseBits64(mask));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        index = (index * 64 + 63) - BitOperations.LeadingZeroCount((ulong)mask);
-                    }
-                }
-
-                if (block.SizeInBlocksTruncated <= (ulong)index || zeroMask)
-                {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                block.FreeCount--;
-
-                int tempIdx = index;
-
-                for (int level = block.MaxLevel - 1; level >= 0; level--, tempIdx /= 64)
-                {
-                    block.Masks[level][tempIdx / 64] &= ~(1L << (tempIdx & 63));
-
-                    if (block.Masks[level][tempIdx / 64] != 0)
-                    {
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                address = block.StartAligned + ((ulong)index << block.Order);
-            }
-
-            if (address != 0)
-            {
-                // If we are using a larger order than best fit, then we should
-                // split it into smaller blocks.
-                ulong firstFreeBlockSize = 1UL << block.Order;
-
-                if (firstFreeBlockSize > bestFitBlockSize)
-                {
-                    FreePages(address + bestFitBlockSize, (firstFreeBlockSize - bestFitBlockSize) / KPageTableBase.PageSize);
-                }
-            }
-
-            return address;
         }
 
-        private void FreePages(ulong address, ulong pagesCount)
+        public void FreePages(KPageList pageList)
         {
-            lock (_blocks)
+            lock (_pageHeap)
             {
-                ulong endAddr = address + pagesCount * KPageTableBase.PageSize;
-
-                int blockIndex = _blockOrdersCount - 1;
-
-                ulong addressRounded   = 0;
-                ulong endAddrTruncated = 0;
-
-                for (; blockIndex >= 0; blockIndex--)
+                foreach (KPageNode pageNode in pageList)
                 {
-                    KMemoryRegionBlock allocInfo = _blocks[blockIndex];
-
-                    int blockSize = 1 << allocInfo.Order;
-
-                    addressRounded   = BitUtils.AlignUp  (address, blockSize);
-                    endAddrTruncated = BitUtils.AlignDown(endAddr, blockSize);
-
-                    if (addressRounded < endAddrTruncated)
-                    {
-                        break;
-                    }
+                    _pageHeap.Free(pageNode.Address, pageNode.PagesCount);
                 }
+            }
+        }
 
-                void FreeRegion(ulong currAddress)
-                {
-                    for (int currBlockIndex = blockIndex;
-                            currBlockIndex < _blockOrdersCount && currAddress != 0;
-                            currBlockIndex++)
-                    {
-                        KMemoryRegionBlock block = _blocks[currBlockIndex];
-
-                        block.FreeCount++;
-
-                        ulong freedBlocks = (currAddress - block.StartAligned) >> block.Order;
-
-                        int index = (int)freedBlocks;
-
-                        for (int level = block.MaxLevel - 1; level >= 0; level--, index /= 64)
-                        {
-                            long mask = block.Masks[level][index / 64];
-
-                            block.Masks[level][index / 64] = mask | (1L << (index & 63));
-
-                            if (mask != 0)
-                            {
-                                break;
-                            }
-                        }
-
-                        int blockSizeDelta = 1 << (block.NextOrder - block.Order);
-
-                        int freedBlocksTruncated = BitUtils.AlignDown((int)freedBlocks, blockSizeDelta);
-
-                        if (!block.TryCoalesce(freedBlocksTruncated, blockSizeDelta))
-                        {
-                            break;
-                        }
-
-                        currAddress = block.StartAligned + ((ulong)freedBlocksTruncated << block.Order);
-                    }
-                }
-
-                // Free inside aligned region.
-                ulong baseAddress = addressRounded;
-
-                while (baseAddress < endAddrTruncated)
-                {
-                    ulong blockSize = 1UL << _blocks[blockIndex].Order;
-
-                    FreeRegion(baseAddress);
-
-                    baseAddress += blockSize;
-                }
-
-                int nextBlockIndex = blockIndex - 1;
-
-                // Free region between Address and aligned region start.
-                baseAddress = addressRounded;
-
-                for (blockIndex = nextBlockIndex; blockIndex >= 0; blockIndex--)
-                {
-                    ulong blockSize = 1UL << _blocks[blockIndex].Order;
-
-                    while (baseAddress - blockSize >= address)
-                    {
-                        baseAddress -= blockSize;
-
-                        FreeRegion(baseAddress);
-                    }
-                }
-
-                // Free region between aligned region end and End Address.
-                baseAddress = endAddrTruncated;
-
-                for (blockIndex = nextBlockIndex; blockIndex >= 0; blockIndex--)
-                {
-                    ulong blockSize = 1UL << _blocks[blockIndex].Order;
-
-                    while (baseAddress + blockSize <= endAddr)
-                    {
-                        FreeRegion(baseAddress);
-
-                        baseAddress += blockSize;
-                    }
-                }
+        public void FreePages(ulong address, ulong pagesCount)
+        {
+            lock (_pageHeap)
+            {
+                _pageHeap.Free(address, pagesCount);
             }
         }
 
         public ulong GetFreePages()
         {
-            lock (_blocks)
+            lock (_pageHeap)
             {
-                return GetFreePagesImpl();
+                return _pageHeap.GetFreePagesCount();
             }
         }
 
-        private ulong GetFreePagesImpl()
-        {
-            ulong availablePages = 0;
-
-            for (int blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < _blockOrdersCount; blockIndex++)
-            {
-                KMemoryRegionBlock block = _blocks[blockIndex];
-
-                ulong blockPagesCount = (1UL << block.Order) / KPageTableBase.PageSize;
-
-                availablePages += blockPagesCount * block.FreeCount;
-            }
-
-            return availablePages;
-        }
-
         public void IncrementPagesReferenceCount(ulong address, ulong pagesCount)
         {
             ulong index = GetPageOffset(address);

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/Memory/KPageBitmap.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common;
+using System;
+using System.Numerics;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
+{
+    class KPageBitmap
+    {
+        private struct RandomNumberGenerator
+        {
+            private uint _entropy;
+            private uint _bitsAvailable;
+
+            private void RefreshEntropy()
+            {
+                _entropy = 0;
+                _bitsAvailable = sizeof(uint) * 8;
+            }
+
+            private bool GenerateRandomBit()
+            {
+                if (_bitsAvailable == 0)
+                {
+                    RefreshEntropy();
+                }
+
+                bool bit = (_entropy & 1) != 0;
+
+                _entropy >>= 1;
+                _bitsAvailable--;
+
+                return bit;
+            }
+
+            public int SelectRandomBit(ulong bitmap)
+            {
+                int selected = 0;
+
+                int bitsCount = UInt64BitSize / 2;
+                ulong mask = (1UL << bitsCount) - 1;
+
+                while (bitsCount != 0)
+                {
+                    ulong low = bitmap & mask;
+                    ulong high = (bitmap >> bitsCount) & mask;
+
+                    bool chooseLow;
+
+                    if (high == 0)
+                    {
+                        chooseLow = true;
+                    }
+                    else if (low == 0)
+                    {
+                        chooseLow = false;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        chooseLow = GenerateRandomBit();
+                    }
+
+                    if (chooseLow)
+                    {
+                        bitmap = low;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        bitmap = high;
+                        selected += bitsCount;
+                    }
+
+                    bitsCount /= 2;
+                    mask >>= bitsCount;
+                }
+
+                return selected;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private const int UInt64BitSize = sizeof(ulong) * 8;
+        private const int MaxDepth = 4;
+
+        private readonly RandomNumberGenerator _rng;
+        private readonly ArraySegment<ulong>[] _bitStorages;
+        private int _usedDepths;
+
+        public int BitsCount { get; private set; }
+
+        public int HighestDepthIndex => _usedDepths - 1;
+
+        public KPageBitmap()
+        {
+            _rng = new RandomNumberGenerator();
+            _bitStorages = new ArraySegment<ulong>[MaxDepth];
+        }
+
+        public ArraySegment<ulong> Initialize(ArraySegment<ulong> storage, ulong size)
+        {
+            _usedDepths = GetRequiredDepth(size);
+
+            for (int depth = HighestDepthIndex; depth >= 0; depth--)
+            {
+                _bitStorages[depth] = storage;
+                size = BitUtils.DivRoundUp(size, UInt64BitSize);
+                storage = storage.Slice((int)size);
+            }
+
+            return storage;
+        }
+
+        public ulong FindFreeBlock(bool random)
+        {
+            ulong offset = 0;
+            int depth = 0;
+
+            if (random)
+            {
+                do
+                {
+                    ulong v = _bitStorages[depth][(int)offset];
+
+                    if (v == 0)
+                    {
+                        return ulong.MaxValue;
+                    }
+
+                    offset = offset * UInt64BitSize + (ulong)_rng.SelectRandomBit(v);
+                }
+                while (++depth < _usedDepths);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                do
+                {
+                    ulong v = _bitStorages[depth][(int)offset];
+
+                    if (v == 0)
+                    {
+                        return ulong.MaxValue;
+                    }
+
+                    offset = offset * UInt64BitSize + (ulong)BitOperations.TrailingZeroCount(v);
+                }
+                while (++depth < _usedDepths);
+            }
+
+            return offset;
+        }
+
+        public void SetBit(ulong offset)
+        {
+            SetBit(HighestDepthIndex, offset);
+            BitsCount++;
+        }
+
+        public void ClearBit(ulong offset)
+        {
+            ClearBit(HighestDepthIndex, offset);
+            BitsCount--;
+        }
+
+        public bool ClearRange(ulong offset, int count)
+        {
+            int depth = HighestDepthIndex;
+            var bits = _bitStorages[depth];
+
+            int bitInd = (int)(offset / UInt64BitSize);
+
+            if (count < UInt64BitSize)
+            {
+                int shift = (int)(offset % UInt64BitSize);
+
+                ulong mask = ((1UL << count) - 1) << shift;
+
+                ulong v = bits[bitInd];
+
+                if ((v & mask) != mask)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                v &= ~mask;
+                bits[bitInd] = v;
+
+                if (v == 0)
+                {
+                    ClearBit(depth - 1, (ulong)bitInd);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                int remaining = count;
+                int i = 0;
+
+                do
+                {
+                    if (bits[bitInd + i++] != ulong.MaxValue)
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    remaining -= UInt64BitSize;
+                }
+                while (remaining > 0);
+
+                remaining = count;
+                i = 0;
+
+                do
+                {
+                    bits[bitInd + i] = 0;
+                    ClearBit(depth - 1, (ulong)(bitInd + i));
+                    i++;
+                    remaining -= UInt64BitSize;
+                }
+                while (remaining > 0);
+            }
+
+            BitsCount -= count;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private void SetBit(int depth, ulong offset)
+        {
+            while (depth >= 0)
+            {
+                int ind   = (int)(offset / UInt64BitSize);
+                int which = (int)(offset % UInt64BitSize);
+
+                ulong mask = 1UL << which;
+
+                ulong v = _bitStorages[depth][ind];
+
+                _bitStorages[depth][ind] = v | mask;
+
+                if (v != 0)
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                offset = (ulong)ind;
+                depth--;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void ClearBit(int depth, ulong offset)
+        {
+            while (depth >= 0)
+            {
+                int ind   = (int)(offset / UInt64BitSize);
+                int which = (int)(offset % UInt64BitSize);
+
+                ulong mask = 1UL << which;
+
+                ulong v = _bitStorages[depth][ind];
+
+                v &= ~mask;
+
+                _bitStorages[depth][ind] = v;
+
+                if (v != 0)
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                offset = (ulong)ind;
+                depth--;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static int GetRequiredDepth(ulong regionSize)
+        {
+            int depth = 0;
+
+            do
+            {
+                regionSize /= UInt64BitSize;
+                depth++;
+            }
+            while (regionSize != 0);
+
+            return depth;
+        }
+
+        public static int CalculateManagementOverheadSize(ulong regionSize)
+        {
+            int overheadBits = 0;
+
+            for (int depth = GetRequiredDepth(regionSize) - 1; depth >= 0; depth--)
+            {
+                regionSize = BitUtils.DivRoundUp(regionSize, UInt64BitSize);
+                overheadBits += (int)regionSize;
+            }
+
+            return overheadBits * sizeof(ulong);
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/Memory/KPageHeap.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common;
+using System;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
+{
+    class KPageHeap
+    {
+        private class Block
+        {
+            private KPageBitmap _bitmap = new KPageBitmap();
+            private ulong _heapAddress;
+            private ulong _endOffset;
+
+            public int Shift { get; private set; }
+            public int NextShift { get; private set; }
+            public ulong Size => 1UL << Shift;
+            public int PagesCount => (int)(Size / KPageTableBase.PageSize);
+            public int FreeBlocksCount => _bitmap.BitsCount;
+            public int FreePagesCount => FreeBlocksCount * PagesCount;
+
+            public ArraySegment<ulong> Initialize(ulong address, ulong size, int blockShift, int nextBlockShift, ArraySegment<ulong> bitStorage)
+            {
+                Shift = blockShift;
+                NextShift = nextBlockShift;
+
+                ulong endAddress = address + size;
+
+                ulong align = nextBlockShift != 0
+                    ? 1UL << nextBlockShift
+                    : 1UL << blockShift;
+
+                address    = BitUtils.AlignDown(address,    align);
+                endAddress = BitUtils.AlignUp  (endAddress, align);
+
+                _heapAddress = address;
+                _endOffset = (endAddress - address) / (1UL << blockShift);
+
+                return _bitmap.Initialize(bitStorage, _endOffset);
+            }
+
+            public ulong PushBlock(ulong address)
+            {
+                ulong offset = (address - _heapAddress) >> Shift;
+
+                _bitmap.SetBit(offset);
+
+                if (NextShift != 0)
+                {
+                    int diff = 1 << (NextShift - Shift);
+
+                    offset = BitUtils.AlignDown(offset, diff);
+
+                    if (_bitmap.ClearRange(offset, diff))
+                    {
+                        return _heapAddress + (offset << Shift);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            public ulong PopBlock(bool random)
+            {
+                long sOffset = (long)_bitmap.FindFreeBlock(random);
+
+                if (sOffset < 0L)
+                {
+                    return 0;
+                }
+
+                ulong offset = (ulong)sOffset;
+
+                _bitmap.ClearBit(offset);
+
+                return _heapAddress + (offset << Shift);
+            }
+
+            public static int CalculateManagementOverheadSize(ulong regionSize, int currBlockShift, int nextBlockShift)
+            {
+                ulong currBlockSize = 1UL << currBlockShift;
+                ulong nextBlockSize = 1UL << nextBlockShift;
+                ulong align = nextBlockShift != 0 ? nextBlockSize : currBlockSize;
+                return KPageBitmap.CalculateManagementOverheadSize((align * 2 + BitUtils.AlignUp(regionSize, align)) / currBlockSize);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static readonly int[] _memoryBlockPageShifts = new int[] { 12, 16, 21, 22, 25, 29, 30 };
+
+        private readonly ulong _heapAddress;
+        private readonly ulong _heapSize;
+        private ulong _usedSize;
+        private readonly int _blocksCount;
+        private readonly Block[] _blocks;
+
+        public KPageHeap(ulong address, ulong size) : this(address, size, _memoryBlockPageShifts)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public KPageHeap(ulong address, ulong size, int[] blockShifts)
+        {
+            _heapAddress = address;
+            _heapSize = size;
+            _blocksCount = blockShifts.Length;
+            _blocks = new Block[_memoryBlockPageShifts.Length];
+
+            var currBitmapStorage = new ArraySegment<ulong>(new ulong[CalculateManagementOverheadSize(size, blockShifts)]);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < blockShifts.Length; i++)
+            {
+                int currBlockShift = blockShifts[i];
+                int nextBlockShift = i != blockShifts.Length - 1 ? blockShifts[i + 1] : 0;
+
+                _blocks[i] = new Block();
+
+                currBitmapStorage = _blocks[i].Initialize(address, size, currBlockShift, nextBlockShift, currBitmapStorage);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void UpdateUsedSize()
+        {
+            _usedSize = _heapSize - (GetFreePagesCount() * KPageTableBase.PageSize);
+        }
+
+        public ulong GetFreePagesCount()
+        {
+            ulong freeCount = 0;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < _blocksCount; i++)
+            {
+                freeCount += (ulong)_blocks[i].FreePagesCount;
+            }
+
+            return freeCount;
+        }
+
+        public ulong AllocateBlock(int index, bool random)
+        {
+            ulong neededSize = _blocks[index].Size;
+
+            for (int i = index; i < _blocksCount; i++)
+            {
+                ulong address = _blocks[i].PopBlock(random);
+
+                if (address != 0)
+                {
+                    ulong allocatedSize = _blocks[i].Size;
+
+                    if (allocatedSize > neededSize)
+                    {
+                        Free(address + neededSize, (allocatedSize - neededSize) / KPageTableBase.PageSize);
+                    }
+
+                    return address;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        private void FreeBlock(ulong block, int index)
+        {
+            do
+            {
+                block = _blocks[index++].PushBlock(block);
+            }
+            while (block != 0);
+        }
+
+        public void Free(ulong address, ulong pagesCount)
+        {
+            if (pagesCount == 0)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            int bigIndex = _blocksCount - 1;
+
+            ulong start       = address;
+            ulong end         = address + pagesCount * KPageTableBase.PageSize;
+            ulong beforeStart = start;
+            ulong beforeEnd   = start;
+            ulong afterStart  = end;
+            ulong afterEnd    = end;
+
+            while (bigIndex >= 0)
+            {
+                ulong blockSize = _blocks[bigIndex].Size;
+
+                ulong bigStart = BitUtils.AlignUp  (start, blockSize);
+                ulong bigEnd   = BitUtils.AlignDown(end,   blockSize);
+
+                if (bigStart < bigEnd)
+                {
+                    for (ulong block = bigStart; block < bigEnd; block += blockSize)
+                    {
+                        FreeBlock(block, bigIndex);
+                    }
+
+                    beforeEnd  = bigStart;
+                    afterStart = bigEnd;
+
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                bigIndex--;
+            }
+
+            for (int i = bigIndex - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+            {
+                ulong blockSize = _blocks[i].Size;
+
+                while (beforeStart + blockSize <= beforeEnd)
+                {
+                    beforeEnd -= blockSize;
+                    FreeBlock(beforeEnd, i);
+                }
+            }
+
+            for (int i = bigIndex - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+            {
+                ulong blockSize = _blocks[i].Size;
+
+                while (afterStart + blockSize <= afterEnd)
+                {
+                    FreeBlock(afterStart, i);
+                    afterStart += blockSize;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static int GetAlignedBlockIndex(ulong pagesCount, ulong alignPages)
+        {
+            ulong targetPages = Math.Max(pagesCount, alignPages);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < _memoryBlockPageShifts.Length; i++)
+            {
+                if (targetPages <= GetBlockPagesCount(i))
+                {
+                    return i;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        public static int GetBlockIndex(ulong pagesCount)
+        {
+            for (int i = _memoryBlockPageShifts.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+            {
+                if (pagesCount >= GetBlockPagesCount(i))
+                {
+                    return i;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        public static ulong GetBlockSize(int index)
+        {
+            return 1UL << _memoryBlockPageShifts[index];
+        }
+
+        public static ulong GetBlockPagesCount(int index)
+        {
+            return GetBlockSize(index) / KPageTableBase.PageSize;
+        }
+
+        private static int CalculateManagementOverheadSize(ulong regionSize, int[] blockShifts)
+        {
+            int overheadSize = 0;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < blockShifts.Length; i++)
+            {
+                int currBlockShift = blockShifts[i];
+                int nextBlockShift = i != blockShifts.Length - 1 ? blockShifts[i + 1] : 0;
+                overheadSize += Block.CalculateManagementOverheadSize(regionSize, currBlockShift, nextBlockShift);
+            }
+
+            return BitUtils.AlignUp(overheadSize, KPageTableBase.PageSize);
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/Memory/KPageTableBase.cs

@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
         {
             KMemoryRegionManager region = GetMemoryRegionManager();
 
-            KernelResult result = region.AllocatePages(pagesCount, _aslrDisabled, out KPageList pageList);
+            KernelResult result = region.AllocatePages(out KPageList pageList, pagesCount);
 
             if (result != KernelResult.Success)
             {
@@ -712,7 +712,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
 
                     KMemoryRegionManager region = GetMemoryRegionManager();
 
-                    KernelResult result = region.AllocatePages(pagesCount, _aslrDisabled, out KPageList pageList);
+                    KernelResult result = region.AllocatePages(out KPageList pageList, pagesCount);
 
                     using var _ = new OnScopeExit(() => pageList.DecrementPagesReferenceCount(Context.MemoryManager));
 
@@ -1276,7 +1276,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
 
                 KMemoryRegionManager region = GetMemoryRegionManager();
 
-                KernelResult result = region.AllocatePages(remainingPages, _aslrDisabled, out KPageList pageList);
+                KernelResult result = region.AllocatePages(out KPageList pageList, remainingPages);
 
                 using var _ = new OnScopeExit(() => pageList.DecrementPagesReferenceCount(Context.MemoryManager));
 

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/Process/HleProcessDebugger.cs

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Process
 
             string GetReg(int x)
             {
-                var v = x == 32 ? (ulong)thread.LastPc : context.GetX(x);
+                var v = x == 32 ? context.Pc : context.GetX(x);
                 if (!AnalyzePointer(out PointerInfo info, v, thread))
                 {
                     return $"0x{v:x16}";

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/Process/IProcessContext.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using ARMeilleure.State;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
 using Ryujinx.Memory;
 using System;
 
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Process
     {
         IVirtualMemoryManager AddressSpace { get; }
 
-        void Execute(ExecutionContext context, ulong codeAddress);
+        IExecutionContext CreateExecutionContext(ExceptionCallbacks exceptionCallbacks);
+        void Execute(IExecutionContext context, ulong codeAddress);
         void InvalidateCacheRegion(ulong address, ulong size);
     }
 }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/Process/KProcess.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-using ARMeilleure.State;
 using Ryujinx.Common;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using Ryujinx.Cpu;
@@ -736,22 +735,25 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Process
             ulong argsPtr,
             ulong stackTop,
             int priority,
-            int cpuCore)
+            int cpuCore,
+            ThreadStart customThreadStart = null)
         {
             lock (_processLock)
             {
-                return thread.Initialize(entrypoint, argsPtr, stackTop, priority, cpuCore, this, ThreadType.User, null);
+                return thread.Initialize(entrypoint, argsPtr, stackTop, priority, cpuCore, this, ThreadType.User, customThreadStart);
             }
         }
 
-        public void SubscribeThreadEventHandlers(ARMeilleure.State.ExecutionContext context)
+        public IExecutionContext CreateExecutionContext()
         {
-            context.Interrupt += InterruptHandler;
-            context.SupervisorCall += KernelContext.SyscallHandler.SvcCall;
-            context.Undefined += UndefinedInstructionHandler;
+            return Context?.CreateExecutionContext(new ExceptionCallbacks(
+                InterruptHandler,
+                null,
+                KernelContext.SyscallHandler.SvcCall,
+                UndefinedInstructionHandler));
         }
 
-        private void InterruptHandler(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        private void InterruptHandler(IExecutionContext context)
         {
             KThread currentThread = KernelStatic.GetCurrentThread();
 
@@ -1093,12 +1095,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Process
             return false;
         }
 
-        private void UndefinedInstructionHandler(object sender, InstUndefinedEventArgs e)
+        private void UndefinedInstructionHandler(IExecutionContext context, ulong address, int opCode)
         {
             KernelStatic.GetCurrentThread().PrintGuestStackTrace();
             KernelStatic.GetCurrentThread()?.PrintGuestRegisterPrintout();
 
-            throw new UndefinedInstructionException(e.Address, e.OpCode);
+            throw new UndefinedInstructionException(address, opCode);
         }
 
         protected override void Destroy() => Context.Dispose();

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/Process/ProcessContext.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using ARMeilleure.State;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
 using Ryujinx.Memory;
 using System;
 
@@ -13,7 +13,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Process
             AddressSpace = asManager;
         }
 
-        public void Execute(ExecutionContext context, ulong codeAddress)
+        public IExecutionContext CreateExecutionContext(ExceptionCallbacks exceptionCallbacks)
+        {
+            return new ProcessExecutionContext();
+        }
+
+        public void Execute(IExecutionContext context, ulong codeAddress)
         {
             throw new NotSupportedException();
         }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/Process/ProcessExecutionContext.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+using ARMeilleure.State;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Process
+{
+    class ProcessExecutionContext : IExecutionContext
+    {
+        public ulong Pc => 0UL;
+
+        public ulong CntfrqEl0 { get => 0; set { } }
+        public ulong CntpctEl0 => 0UL;
+
+        public long TpidrEl0 { get => 0; set { } }
+        public long TpidrroEl0 { get => 0; set { } }
+
+        public uint Pstate { get => 0; set { } }
+
+        public uint Fpcr { get => 0; set { } }
+        public uint Fpsr { get => 0; set { } }
+
+        public bool IsAarch32 { get => false; set { } }
+
+        public bool Running { get; private set; } = true;
+
+        public ulong GetX(int index) => 0UL;
+        public void SetX(int index, ulong value) { }
+
+        public V128 GetV(int index) => default;
+        public void SetV(int index, V128 value) { }
+
+        public void RequestInterrupt()
+        {
+        }
+
+        public void StopRunning()
+        {
+            Running = false;
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/SupervisorCall/InvalidSvcException.cs

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-
-namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
-{
-    class InvalidSvcException : Exception
-    {
-        public InvalidSvcException(string message) : base(message) { }
-    }
-}

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/SupervisorCall/PointerSizedAttribute.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+using System;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
+{
+    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Parameter, AllowMultiple = false, Inherited = true)]
+    class PointerSizedAttribute : Attribute
+    {
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/SupervisorCall/RAttribute.cs

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-
-namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
-{
-    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Parameter, AllowMultiple = false)]
-    public class RAttribute : Attribute
-    {
-        public readonly int Index;
-
-        public RAttribute(int index)
-        {
-            Index = index;
-        }
-    }
-}

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/SupervisorCall/SvcAttribute.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+using System;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
+{
+    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method, AllowMultiple = false, Inherited = true)]
+    class SvcAttribute : Attribute
+    {
+        public int Id { get; }
+
+        public SvcAttribute(int id)
+        {
+            Id = id;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/SupervisorCall/SvcImplAttribute.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+using System;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
+{
+    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class, AllowMultiple = false, Inherited = true)]
+    class SvcImplAttribute : Attribute
+    {
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/SupervisorCall/Syscall.cs

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ using System.Threading;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
 {
+    [SvcImpl]
     class Syscall
     {
         private readonly KernelContext _context;
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
 
         // Process
 
+        [Svc(0x24)]
         public KernelResult GetProcessId(out ulong pid, int handle)
         {
             KProcess currentProcess = KernelStatic.GetCurrentProcess();
@@ -167,9 +169,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return KernelResult.Success;
         }
 
+        [Svc(0x5f)]
+        public KernelResult FlushProcessDataCache(int processHandle, ulong address, ulong size)
+        {
+            // FIXME: This needs to be implemented as ARMv7 doesn't have any way to do cache maintenance operations on EL0.
+            // As we don't support (and don't actually need) to flush the cache, this is stubbed.
+            return KernelResult.Success;
+        }
+
         // IPC
 
-        public KernelResult ConnectToNamedPort(out int handle, ulong namePtr)
+        [Svc(0x1f)]
+        public KernelResult ConnectToNamedPort(out int handle, [PointerSized] ulong namePtr)
         {
             handle = 0;
 
@@ -222,6 +233,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return result;
         }
 
+        [Svc(0x21)]
         public KernelResult SendSyncRequest(int handle)
         {
             KProcess currentProcess = KernelStatic.GetCurrentProcess();
@@ -236,7 +248,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return session.SendSyncRequest();
         }
 
-        public KernelResult SendSyncRequestWithUserBuffer(ulong messagePtr, ulong messageSize, int handle)
+        [Svc(0x22)]
+        public KernelResult SendSyncRequestWithUserBuffer(
+            [PointerSized] ulong messagePtr,
+            [PointerSized] ulong messageSize,
+            int handle)
         {
             if (!PageAligned(messagePtr))
             {
@@ -283,7 +299,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return result;
         }
 
-        public KernelResult SendAsyncRequestWithUserBuffer(out int doneEventHandle, ulong messagePtr, ulong messageSize, int handle)
+        [Svc(0x23)]
+        public KernelResult SendAsyncRequestWithUserBuffer(
+            out int doneEventHandle,
+            [PointerSized] ulong messagePtr,
+            [PointerSized] ulong messageSize,
+            int handle)
         {
             doneEventHandle = 0;
 
@@ -353,11 +374,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return result;
         }
 
+        [Svc(0x40)]
         public KernelResult CreateSession(
             out int serverSessionHandle,
             out int clientSessionHandle,
             bool isLight,
-            ulong namePtr)
+            [PointerSized] ulong namePtr)
         {
             serverSessionHandle = 0;
             clientSessionHandle = 0;
@@ -419,6 +441,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return result;
         }
 
+        [Svc(0x41)]
         public KernelResult AcceptSession(out int sessionHandle, int portHandle)
         {
             sessionHandle = 0;
@@ -470,9 +493,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return result;
         }
 
+        [Svc(0x43)]
         public KernelResult ReplyAndReceive(
             out int handleIndex,
-            ulong handlesPtr,
+            [PointerSized] ulong handlesPtr,
             int handlesCount,
             int replyTargetHandle,
             long timeout)
@@ -575,11 +599,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return result;
         }
 
+        [Svc(0x44)]
         public KernelResult ReplyAndReceiveWithUserBuffer(
             out int handleIndex,
-            ulong handlesPtr,
-            ulong messagePtr,
-            ulong messageSize,
+            [PointerSized] ulong messagePtr,
+            [PointerSized] ulong messageSize,
+            [PointerSized] ulong handlesPtr,
             int handlesCount,
             int replyTargetHandle,
             long timeout)
@@ -679,12 +704,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return result;
         }
 
+        [Svc(0x70)]
         public KernelResult CreatePort(
             out int serverPortHandle,
             out int clientPortHandle,
             int maxSessions,
             bool isLight,
-            ulong namePtr)
+            [PointerSized] ulong namePtr)
         {
             serverPortHandle = clientPortHandle = 0;
 
@@ -714,7 +740,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return result;
         }
 
-        public KernelResult ManageNamedPort(out int handle, ulong namePtr, int maxSessions)
+        [Svc(0x71)]
+        public KernelResult ManageNamedPort(out int handle, [PointerSized] ulong namePtr, int maxSessions)
         {
             handle = 0;
 
@@ -766,6 +793,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return result;
         }
 
+        [Svc(0x72)]
         public KernelResult ConnectToPort(out int clientSessionHandle, int clientPortHandle)
         {
             clientSessionHandle = 0;
@@ -819,7 +847,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
 
         // Memory
 
-        public KernelResult SetHeapSize(out ulong address, ulong size)
+        [Svc(1)]
+        public KernelResult SetHeapSize([PointerSized] out ulong address, [PointerSized] ulong size)
         {
             if ((size & 0xfffffffe001fffff) != 0)
             {
@@ -833,7 +862,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return process.MemoryManager.SetHeapSize(size, out address);
         }
 
-        public KernelResult SetMemoryPermission(ulong address, ulong size, KMemoryPermission permission)
+        [Svc(2)]
+        public KernelResult SetMemoryPermission([PointerSized] ulong address, [PointerSized] ulong size, KMemoryPermission permission)
         {
             if (!PageAligned(address))
             {
@@ -865,9 +895,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return currentProcess.MemoryManager.SetMemoryPermission(address, size, permission);
         }
 
+        [Svc(3)]
         public KernelResult SetMemoryAttribute(
-            ulong address,
-            ulong size,
+            [PointerSized] ulong address,
+            [PointerSized] ulong size,
             MemoryAttribute attributeMask,
             MemoryAttribute attributeValue)
         {
@@ -905,7 +936,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return result;
         }
 
-        public KernelResult MapMemory(ulong dst, ulong src, ulong size)
+        [Svc(4)]
+        public KernelResult MapMemory([PointerSized] ulong dst, [PointerSized] ulong src, [PointerSized] ulong size)
         {
             if (!PageAligned(src | dst))
             {
@@ -941,7 +973,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return process.MemoryManager.Map(dst, src, size);
         }
 
-        public KernelResult UnmapMemory(ulong dst, ulong src, ulong size)
+        [Svc(5)]
+        public KernelResult UnmapMemory([PointerSized] ulong dst, [PointerSized] ulong src, [PointerSized] ulong size)
         {
             if (!PageAligned(src | dst))
             {
@@ -977,7 +1010,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return process.MemoryManager.Unmap(dst, src, size);
         }
 
-        public KernelResult QueryMemory(ulong infoPtr, out ulong pageInfo, ulong address)
+        [Svc(6)]
+        public KernelResult QueryMemory([PointerSized] ulong infoPtr, [PointerSized] out ulong pageInfo, [PointerSized] ulong address)
         {
             KernelResult result = QueryMemory(out MemoryInfo info, out pageInfo, address);
 
@@ -1011,7 +1045,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return KernelResult.Success;
         }
 
-        public KernelResult MapSharedMemory(int handle, ulong address, ulong size, KMemoryPermission permission)
+        [Svc(0x13)]
+        public KernelResult MapSharedMemory(int handle, [PointerSized] ulong address, [PointerSized] ulong size, KMemoryPermission permission)
         {
             if (!PageAligned(address))
             {
@@ -1057,7 +1092,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
                 permission);
         }
 
-        public KernelResult UnmapSharedMemory(int handle, ulong address, ulong size)
+        [Svc(0x14)]
+        public KernelResult UnmapSharedMemory(int handle, [PointerSized] ulong address, [PointerSized] ulong size)
         {
             if (!PageAligned(address))
             {
@@ -1097,7 +1133,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
                 currentProcess);
         }
 
-        public KernelResult CreateTransferMemory(out int handle, ulong address, ulong size, KMemoryPermission permission)
+        [Svc(0x15)]
+        public KernelResult CreateTransferMemory(out int handle, [PointerSized] ulong address, [PointerSized] ulong size, KMemoryPermission permission)
         {
             handle = 0;
 
@@ -1160,7 +1197,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return result;
         }
 
-        public KernelResult MapTransferMemory(int handle, ulong address, ulong size, KMemoryPermission permission)
+        [Svc(0x51)]
+        public KernelResult MapTransferMemory(int handle, [PointerSized] ulong address, [PointerSized] ulong size, KMemoryPermission permission)
         {
             if (!PageAligned(address))
             {
@@ -1206,7 +1244,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
                 permission);
         }
 
-        public KernelResult UnmapTransferMemory(int handle, ulong address, ulong size)
+        [Svc(0x52)]
+        public KernelResult UnmapTransferMemory(int handle, [PointerSized] ulong address, [PointerSized] ulong size)
         {
             if (!PageAligned(address))
             {
@@ -1246,7 +1285,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
                 currentProcess);
         }
 
-        public KernelResult MapPhysicalMemory(ulong address, ulong size)
+        [Svc(0x2c)]
+        public KernelResult MapPhysicalMemory([PointerSized] ulong address, [PointerSized] ulong size)
         {
             if (!PageAligned(address))
             {
@@ -1281,7 +1321,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return process.MemoryManager.MapPhysicalMemory(address, size);
         }
 
-        public KernelResult UnmapPhysicalMemory(ulong address, ulong size)
+        [Svc(0x2d)]
+        public KernelResult UnmapPhysicalMemory([PointerSized] ulong address, [PointerSized] ulong size)
         {
             if (!PageAligned(address))
             {
@@ -1316,7 +1357,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return process.MemoryManager.UnmapPhysicalMemory(address, size);
         }
 
-        public KernelResult CreateCodeMemory(ulong address, ulong size, out int handle)
+        [Svc(0x4b)]
+        public KernelResult CreateCodeMemory(out int handle, [PointerSized] ulong address, [PointerSized] ulong size)
         {
             handle = 0;
 
@@ -1356,7 +1398,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return currentProcess.HandleTable.GenerateHandle(codeMemory, out handle);
         }
 
-        public KernelResult ControlCodeMemory(int handle, CodeMemoryOperation op, ulong address, ulong size, KMemoryPermission permission)
+        [Svc(0x4c)]
+        public KernelResult ControlCodeMemory(
+            int handle,
+            CodeMemoryOperation op,
+            ulong address,
+            ulong size,
+            KMemoryPermission permission)
         {
             KProcess currentProcess = KernelStatic.GetCurrentProcess();
 
@@ -1428,7 +1476,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             }
         }
 
-        public KernelResult SetProcessMemoryPermission(int handle, ulong src, ulong size, KMemoryPermission permission)
+        [Svc(0x73)]
+        public KernelResult SetProcessMemoryPermission(
+            int handle,
+            [PointerSized] ulong src,
+            [PointerSized] ulong size,
+            KMemoryPermission permission)
         {
             if (!PageAligned(src))
             {
@@ -1465,7 +1518,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return targetProcess.MemoryManager.SetProcessMemoryPermission(src, size, permission);
         }
 
-        public KernelResult MapProcessMemory(ulong dst, int handle, ulong src, ulong size)
+        [Svc(0x74)]
+        public KernelResult MapProcessMemory(
+            [PointerSized] ulong dst,
+            int handle,
+            ulong src,
+            [PointerSized] ulong size)
         {
             if (!PageAligned(src) || !PageAligned(dst))
             {
@@ -1517,7 +1575,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return dstProcess.MemoryManager.MapPages(dst, pageList, MemoryState.ProcessMemory, KMemoryPermission.ReadAndWrite);
         }
 
-        public KernelResult UnmapProcessMemory(ulong dst, int handle, ulong src, ulong size)
+        [Svc(0x75)]
+        public KernelResult UnmapProcessMemory(
+            [PointerSized] ulong dst,
+            int handle,
+            ulong src,
+            [PointerSized] ulong size)
         {
             if (!PageAligned(src) || !PageAligned(dst))
             {
@@ -1558,6 +1621,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return KernelResult.Success;
         }
 
+        [Svc(0x77)]
         public KernelResult MapProcessCodeMemory(int handle, ulong dst, ulong src, ulong size)
         {
             if (!PageAligned(dst) || !PageAligned(src))
@@ -1595,6 +1659,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return targetProcess.MemoryManager.MapProcessCodeMemory(dst, src, size);
         }
 
+        [Svc(0x78)]
         public KernelResult UnmapProcessCodeMemory(int handle, ulong dst, ulong src, ulong size)
         {
             if (!PageAligned(dst) || !PageAligned(src))
@@ -1639,6 +1704,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
 
         // System
 
+        [Svc(0x7b)]
         public KernelResult TerminateProcess(int handle)
         {
             KProcess process = KernelStatic.GetCurrentProcess();
@@ -1668,11 +1734,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return result;
         }
 
+        [Svc(7)]
         public void ExitProcess()
         {
             KernelStatic.GetCurrentProcess().TerminateCurrentProcess();
         }
 
+        [Svc(0x11)]
         public KernelResult SignalEvent(int handle)
         {
             KProcess process = KernelStatic.GetCurrentProcess();
@@ -1695,6 +1763,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return result;
         }
 
+        [Svc(0x12)]
         public KernelResult ClearEvent(int handle)
         {
             KernelResult result;
@@ -1717,6 +1786,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return result;
         }
 
+        [Svc(0x16)]
         public KernelResult CloseHandle(int handle)
         {
             KProcess currentProcess = KernelStatic.GetCurrentProcess();
@@ -1724,6 +1794,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return currentProcess.HandleTable.CloseHandle(handle) ? KernelResult.Success : KernelResult.InvalidHandle;
         }
 
+        [Svc(0x17)]
         public KernelResult ResetSignal(int handle)
         {
             KProcess currentProcess = KernelStatic.GetCurrentProcess();
@@ -1753,11 +1824,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return result;
         }
 
+        [Svc(0x1e)]
         public ulong GetSystemTick()
         {
-            return KernelStatic.GetCurrentThread().Context.CntpctEl0;
+            return _context.TickSource.Counter;
         }
 
+        [Svc(0x26)]
         public void Break(ulong reason)
         {
             KThread currentThread = KernelStatic.GetCurrentThread();
@@ -1784,7 +1857,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             }
         }
 
-        public void OutputDebugString(ulong strPtr, ulong size)
+        [Svc(0x27)]
+        public void OutputDebugString([PointerSized] ulong strPtr, [PointerSized] ulong size)
         {
             KProcess process = KernelStatic.GetCurrentProcess();
 
@@ -1793,6 +1867,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.KernelSvc, str);
         }
 
+        [Svc(0x29)]
         public KernelResult GetInfo(out ulong value, InfoType id, int handle, long subId)
         {
             value = 0;
@@ -2038,6 +2113,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return KernelResult.Success;
         }
 
+        [Svc(0x45)]
         public KernelResult CreateEvent(out int wEventHandle, out int rEventHandle)
         {
             KEvent Event = new KEvent(_context);
@@ -2063,7 +2139,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return result;
         }
 
-        public KernelResult GetProcessList(out int count, ulong address, int maxCount)
+        [Svc(0x65)]
+        public KernelResult GetProcessList(out int count, [PointerSized] ulong address, int maxCount)
         {
             count = 0;
 
@@ -2112,6 +2189,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return KernelResult.Success;
         }
 
+        [Svc(0x6f)]
         public KernelResult GetSystemInfo(out long value, uint id, int handle, long subId)
         {
             value = 0;
@@ -2168,6 +2246,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return KernelResult.Success;
         }
 
+        [Svc(0x30)]
         public KernelResult GetResourceLimitLimitValue(out long limitValue, int handle, LimitableResource resource)
         {
             limitValue = 0;
@@ -2189,6 +2268,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return KernelResult.Success;
         }
 
+        [Svc(0x31)]
         public KernelResult GetResourceLimitCurrentValue(out long limitValue, int handle, LimitableResource resource)
         {
             limitValue = 0;
@@ -2210,6 +2290,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return KernelResult.Success;
         }
 
+        [Svc(0x37)]
         public KernelResult GetResourceLimitPeakValue(out long peak, int handle, LimitableResource resource)
         {
             peak = 0;
@@ -2231,6 +2312,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return KernelResult.Success;
         }
 
+        [Svc(0x7d)]
         public KernelResult CreateResourceLimit(out int handle)
         {
             KResourceLimit limit = new KResourceLimit(_context);
@@ -2240,6 +2322,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return process.HandleTable.GenerateHandle(limit, out handle);
         }
 
+        [Svc(0x7e)]
         public KernelResult SetResourceLimitLimitValue(int handle, LimitableResource resource, long limitValue)
         {
             if (resource >= LimitableResource.Count)
@@ -2259,13 +2342,26 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
 
         // Thread
 
+        [Svc(8)]
+        public KernelResult CreateThread(
+            out int handle,
+            [PointerSized] ulong entrypoint,
+            [PointerSized] ulong argsPtr,
+            [PointerSized] ulong stackTop,
+            int priority,
+            int cpuCore)
+        {
+            return CreateThread(out handle, entrypoint, argsPtr, stackTop, priority, cpuCore, null);
+        }
+
         public KernelResult CreateThread(
             out int handle,
             ulong entrypoint,
             ulong argsPtr,
             ulong stackTop,
             int priority,
-            int cpuCore)
+            int cpuCore,
+            ThreadStart customThreadStart)
         {
             handle = 0;
 
@@ -2302,7 +2398,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
                 argsPtr,
                 stackTop,
                 priority,
-                cpuCore);
+                cpuCore,
+                customThreadStart);
 
             if (result == KernelResult.Success)
             {
@@ -2320,6 +2417,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return result;
         }
 
+        [Svc(9)]
         public KernelResult StartThread(int handle)
         {
             KProcess process = KernelStatic.GetCurrentProcess();
@@ -2347,6 +2445,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             }
         }
 
+        [Svc(0xa)]
         public void ExitThread()
         {
             KThread currentThread = KernelStatic.GetCurrentThread();
@@ -2354,6 +2453,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             currentThread.Exit();
         }
 
+        [Svc(0xb)]
         public void SleepThread(long timeout)
         {
             if (timeout < 1)
@@ -2371,6 +2471,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             }
         }
 
+        [Svc(0xc)]
         public KernelResult GetThreadPriority(out int priority, int handle)
         {
             KProcess process = KernelStatic.GetCurrentProcess();
@@ -2391,6 +2492,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             }
         }
 
+        [Svc(0xd)]
         public KernelResult SetThreadPriority(int handle, int priority)
         {
             // TODO: NPDM check.
@@ -2409,6 +2511,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return KernelResult.Success;
         }
 
+        [Svc(0xe)]
         public KernelResult GetThreadCoreMask(out int preferredCore, out ulong affinityMask, int handle)
         {
             KProcess process = KernelStatic.GetCurrentProcess();
@@ -2431,6 +2534,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             }
         }
 
+        [Svc(0xf)]
         public KernelResult SetThreadCoreMask(int handle, int preferredCore, ulong affinityMask)
         {
             KProcess currentProcess = KernelStatic.GetCurrentProcess();
@@ -2479,11 +2583,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return thread.SetCoreAndAffinityMask(preferredCore, affinityMask);
         }
 
+        [Svc(0x10)]
         public int GetCurrentProcessorNumber()
         {
             return KernelStatic.GetCurrentThread().CurrentCore;
         }
 
+        [Svc(0x25)]
         public KernelResult GetThreadId(out ulong threadUid, int handle)
         {
             KProcess process = KernelStatic.GetCurrentProcess();
@@ -2504,6 +2610,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             }
         }
 
+        [Svc(0x32)]
         public KernelResult SetThreadActivity(int handle, bool pause)
         {
             KProcess process = KernelStatic.GetCurrentProcess();
@@ -2528,7 +2635,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return thread.SetActivity(pause);
         }
 
-        public KernelResult GetThreadContext3(ulong address, int handle)
+        [Svc(0x33)]
+        public KernelResult GetThreadContext3([PointerSized] ulong address, int handle)
         {
             KProcess currentProcess = KernelStatic.GetCurrentProcess();
             KThread currentThread = KernelStatic.GetCurrentThread();
@@ -2564,7 +2672,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
 
         // Thread synchronization
 
-        public KernelResult WaitSynchronization(out int handleIndex, ulong handlesPtr, int handlesCount, long timeout)
+        [Svc(0x18)]
+        public KernelResult WaitSynchronization(out int handleIndex, [PointerSized] ulong handlesPtr, int handlesCount, long timeout)
         {
             handleIndex = 0;
 
@@ -2653,6 +2762,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return result;
         }
 
+        [Svc(0x19)]
         public KernelResult CancelSynchronization(int handle)
         {
             KProcess process = KernelStatic.GetCurrentProcess();
@@ -2669,7 +2779,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return KernelResult.Success;
         }
 
-        public KernelResult ArbitrateLock(int ownerHandle, ulong mutexAddress, int requesterHandle)
+        [Svc(0x1a)]
+        public KernelResult ArbitrateLock(int ownerHandle, [PointerSized] ulong mutexAddress, int requesterHandle)
         {
             if (IsPointingInsideKernel(mutexAddress))
             {
@@ -2686,7 +2797,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return currentProcess.AddressArbiter.ArbitrateLock(ownerHandle, mutexAddress, requesterHandle);
         }
 
-        public KernelResult ArbitrateUnlock(ulong mutexAddress)
+        [Svc(0x1b)]
+        public KernelResult ArbitrateUnlock([PointerSized] ulong mutexAddress)
         {
             if (IsPointingInsideKernel(mutexAddress))
             {
@@ -2703,9 +2815,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return currentProcess.AddressArbiter.ArbitrateUnlock(mutexAddress);
         }
 
+        [Svc(0x1c)]
         public KernelResult WaitProcessWideKeyAtomic(
-            ulong mutexAddress,
-            ulong condVarAddress,
+            [PointerSized] ulong mutexAddress,
+            [PointerSized] ulong condVarAddress,
             int handle,
             long timeout)
         {
@@ -2733,7 +2846,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
                 timeout);
         }
 
-        public KernelResult SignalProcessWideKey(ulong address, int count)
+        [Svc(0x1d)]
+        public KernelResult SignalProcessWideKey([PointerSized] ulong address, int count)
         {
             KProcess currentProcess = KernelStatic.GetCurrentProcess();
 
@@ -2742,7 +2856,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return KernelResult.Success;
         }
 
-        public KernelResult WaitForAddress(ulong address, ArbitrationType type, int value, long timeout)
+        [Svc(0x34)]
+        public KernelResult WaitForAddress([PointerSized] ulong address, ArbitrationType type, int value, long timeout)
         {
             if (IsPointingInsideKernel(address))
             {
@@ -2773,7 +2888,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             };
         }
 
-        public KernelResult SignalToAddress(ulong address, SignalType type, int value, int count)
+        [Svc(0x35)]
+        public KernelResult SignalToAddress([PointerSized] ulong address, SignalType type, int value, int count)
         {
             if (IsPointingInsideKernel(address))
             {
@@ -2799,6 +2915,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             };
         }
 
+        [Svc(0x36)]
         public KernelResult SynchronizePreemptionState()
         {
             KernelStatic.GetCurrentThread().SynchronizePreemptionState();
@@ -2806,12 +2923,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             return KernelResult.Success;
         }
 
-        private bool IsPointingInsideKernel(ulong address)
+        private static bool IsPointingInsideKernel(ulong address)
         {
             return (address + 0x1000000000) < 0xffffff000;
         }
 
-        private bool IsAddressNotWordAligned(ulong address)
+        private static bool IsAddressNotWordAligned(ulong address)
         {
             return (address & 3) != 0;
         }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/SupervisorCall/Syscall32.cs

@@ -1,534 +0,0 @@
-using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Common;
-using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory;
-using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading;
-
-namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
-{
-    class Syscall32
-    {
-        private readonly Syscall _syscall;
-
-        public Syscall32(Syscall syscall)
-        {
-            _syscall = syscall;
-        }
-
-        // IPC
-
-        public KernelResult ConnectToNamedPort32([R(1)] uint namePtr, [R(1)] out int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.ConnectToNamedPort(out handle, namePtr);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult SendSyncRequest32([R(0)] int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.SendSyncRequest(handle);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult SendSyncRequestWithUserBuffer32([R(0)] uint messagePtr, [R(1)] uint messageSize, [R(2)] int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.SendSyncRequestWithUserBuffer(messagePtr, messageSize, handle);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult CreateSession32(
-            [R(2)] bool isLight,
-            [R(3)] uint namePtr,
-            [R(1)] out int serverSessionHandle,
-            [R(2)] out int clientSessionHandle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.CreateSession(out serverSessionHandle, out clientSessionHandle, isLight, namePtr);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult AcceptSession32([R(1)] int portHandle, [R(1)] out int sessionHandle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.AcceptSession(out sessionHandle, portHandle);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult ReplyAndReceive32(
-            [R(0)] uint timeoutLow,
-            [R(1)] uint handlesPtr,
-            [R(2)] int handlesCount,
-            [R(3)] int replyTargetHandle,
-            [R(4)] uint timeoutHigh,
-            [R(1)] out int handleIndex)
-        {
-            long timeout = (long)(timeoutLow | ((ulong)timeoutHigh << 32));
-
-            return _syscall.ReplyAndReceive(out handleIndex, handlesPtr, handlesCount, replyTargetHandle, timeout);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult CreatePort32(
-            [R(0)] uint namePtr,
-            [R(2)] int maxSessions,
-            [R(3)] bool isLight,
-            [R(1)] out int serverPortHandle,
-            [R(2)] out int clientPortHandle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.CreatePort(out serverPortHandle, out clientPortHandle, maxSessions, isLight, namePtr);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult ManageNamedPort32([R(1)] uint namePtr, [R(2)] int maxSessions, [R(1)] out int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.ManageNamedPort(out handle, namePtr, maxSessions);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult ConnectToPort32([R(1)] int clientPortHandle, [R(1)] out int clientSessionHandle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.ConnectToPort(out clientSessionHandle, clientPortHandle);
-        }
-
-        // Memory
-
-        public KernelResult SetHeapSize32([R(1)] uint size, [R(1)] out uint address)
-        {
-            KernelResult result = _syscall.SetHeapSize(out ulong address64, size);
-
-            address = (uint)address64;
-
-            return result;
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult SetMemoryPermission32(
-            [R(0)] uint address,
-            [R(1)] uint size,
-            [R(2)] KMemoryPermission permission)
-        {
-            return _syscall.SetMemoryPermission(address, size, permission);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult SetMemoryAttribute32(
-            [R(0)] uint address,
-            [R(1)] uint size,
-            [R(2)] MemoryAttribute attributeMask,
-            [R(3)] MemoryAttribute attributeValue)
-        {
-            return _syscall.SetMemoryAttribute(address, size, attributeMask, attributeValue);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult MapMemory32([R(0)] uint dst, [R(1)] uint src, [R(2)] uint size)
-        {
-            return _syscall.MapMemory(dst, src, size);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult UnmapMemory32([R(0)] uint dst, [R(1)] uint src, [R(2)] uint size)
-        {
-            return _syscall.UnmapMemory(dst, src, size);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult QueryMemory32([R(0)] uint infoPtr, [R(1)] uint r1, [R(2)] uint address, [R(1)] out uint pageInfo)
-        {
-            KernelResult result = _syscall.QueryMemory(infoPtr, out ulong pageInfo64, address);
-
-            pageInfo = (uint)pageInfo64;
-
-            return result;
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult MapSharedMemory32([R(0)] int handle, [R(1)] uint address, [R(2)] uint size, [R(3)] KMemoryPermission permission)
-        {
-            return _syscall.MapSharedMemory(handle, address, size, permission);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult UnmapSharedMemory32([R(0)] int handle, [R(1)] uint address, [R(2)] uint size)
-        {
-            return _syscall.UnmapSharedMemory(handle, address, size);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult CreateTransferMemory32(
-            [R(1)] uint address,
-            [R(2)] uint size,
-            [R(3)] KMemoryPermission permission,
-            [R(1)] out int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.CreateTransferMemory(out handle, address, size, permission);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult CreateCodeMemory32([R(1)] uint address, [R(2)] uint size, [R(1)] out int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.CreateCodeMemory(address, size, out handle);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult ControlCodeMemory32(
-            [R(0)] int handle,
-            [R(1)] CodeMemoryOperation op,
-            [R(2)] uint addressLow,
-            [R(3)] uint addressHigh,
-            [R(4)] uint sizeLow,
-            [R(5)] uint sizeHigh,
-            [R(6)] KMemoryPermission permission)
-        {
-            ulong address = addressLow | ((ulong)addressHigh << 32);
-            ulong size = sizeLow | ((ulong)sizeHigh << 32);
-
-            return _syscall.ControlCodeMemory(handle, op, address, size, permission);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult MapTransferMemory32([R(0)] int handle, [R(1)] uint address, [R(2)] uint size, [R(3)] KMemoryPermission permission)
-        {
-            return _syscall.MapTransferMemory(handle, address, size, permission);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult UnmapTransferMemory32([R(0)] int handle, [R(1)] uint address, [R(2)] uint size)
-        {
-            return _syscall.UnmapTransferMemory(handle, address, size);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult MapPhysicalMemory32([R(0)] uint address, [R(1)] uint size)
-        {
-            return _syscall.MapPhysicalMemory(address, size);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult UnmapPhysicalMemory32([R(0)] uint address, [R(1)] uint size)
-        {
-            return _syscall.UnmapPhysicalMemory(address, size);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult SetProcessMemoryPermission32(
-            [R(0)] int handle,
-            [R(1)] uint sizeLow,
-            [R(2)] uint srcLow,
-            [R(3)] uint srcHigh,
-            [R(4)] uint sizeHigh,
-            [R(5)] KMemoryPermission permission)
-        {
-            ulong src = srcLow | ((ulong)srcHigh << 32);
-            ulong size = sizeLow | ((ulong)sizeHigh << 32);
-
-            return _syscall.SetProcessMemoryPermission(handle, src, size, permission);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult MapProcessMemory32([R(0)] uint dst, [R(1)] int handle, [R(2)] uint srcLow, [R(3)] uint srcHigh, [R(4)] uint size)
-        {
-            ulong src = srcLow | ((ulong)srcHigh << 32);
-
-            return _syscall.MapProcessMemory(dst, handle, src, size);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult UnmapProcessMemory32([R(0)] uint dst, [R(1)] int handle, [R(2)] uint srcLow, [R(3)] uint srcHigh, [R(4)] uint size)
-        {
-            ulong src = srcLow | ((ulong)srcHigh << 32);
-
-            return _syscall.UnmapProcessMemory(dst, handle, src, size);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult MapProcessCodeMemory32([R(0)] int handle, [R(1)] uint srcLow, [R(2)] uint dstLow, [R(3)] uint dstHigh, [R(4)] uint srcHigh, [R(5)] uint sizeLow, [R(6)] uint sizeHigh)
-        {
-            ulong src = srcLow | ((ulong)srcHigh << 32);
-            ulong dst = dstLow | ((ulong)dstHigh << 32);
-            ulong size = sizeLow | ((ulong)sizeHigh << 32);
-
-            return _syscall.MapProcessCodeMemory(handle, dst, src, size);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult UnmapProcessCodeMemory32([R(0)] int handle, [R(1)] uint srcLow, [R(2)] uint dstLow, [R(3)] uint dstHigh, [R(4)] uint srcHigh, [R(5)] uint sizeLow, [R(6)] uint sizeHigh)
-        {
-            ulong src = srcLow | ((ulong)srcHigh << 32);
-            ulong dst = dstLow | ((ulong)dstHigh << 32);
-            ulong size = sizeLow | ((ulong)sizeHigh << 32);
-
-            return _syscall.UnmapProcessCodeMemory(handle, dst, src, size);
-        }
-
-        // System
-
-        public void ExitProcess32()
-        {
-            _syscall.ExitProcess();
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult TerminateProcess32([R(0)] int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.TerminateProcess(handle);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult SignalEvent32([R(0)] int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.SignalEvent(handle);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult ClearEvent32([R(0)] int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.ClearEvent(handle);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult CloseHandle32([R(0)] int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.CloseHandle(handle);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult ResetSignal32([R(0)] int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.ResetSignal(handle);
-        }
-
-        public void GetSystemTick32([R(0)] out uint resultLow, [R(1)] out uint resultHigh)
-        {
-            ulong result = _syscall.GetSystemTick();
-
-            resultLow = (uint)(result & uint.MaxValue);
-            resultHigh = (uint)(result >> 32);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult GetProcessId32([R(1)] int handle, [R(1)] out uint pidLow, [R(2)] out uint pidHigh)
-        {
-            KernelResult result = _syscall.GetProcessId(out ulong pid, handle);
-
-            pidLow = (uint)(pid & uint.MaxValue);
-            pidHigh = (uint)(pid >> 32);
-
-            return result;
-        }
-
-        public void Break32([R(0)] uint reason, [R(1)] uint r1, [R(2)] uint info)
-        {
-            _syscall.Break(reason);
-        }
-
-        public void OutputDebugString32([R(0)] uint strPtr, [R(1)] uint size)
-        {
-            _syscall.OutputDebugString(strPtr, size);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult GetInfo32(
-            [R(0)] uint subIdLow,
-            [R(1)] InfoType id,
-            [R(2)] int handle,
-            [R(3)] uint subIdHigh,
-            [R(1)] out uint valueLow,
-            [R(2)] out uint valueHigh)
-        {
-            long subId = (long)(subIdLow | ((ulong)subIdHigh << 32));
-
-            KernelResult result = _syscall.GetInfo(out ulong value, id, handle, subId);
-
-            valueHigh = (uint)(value >> 32);
-            valueLow = (uint)(value & uint.MaxValue);
-
-            return result;
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult CreateEvent32([R(1)] out int wEventHandle, [R(2)] out int rEventHandle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.CreateEvent(out wEventHandle, out rEventHandle);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult GetProcessList32([R(1)] ulong address, [R(2)] int maxCount, [R(1)] out int count)
-        {
-            return _syscall.GetProcessList(out count, address, maxCount);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult GetSystemInfo32([R(1)] uint subIdLow, [R(2)] uint id, [R(3)] int handle, [R(3)] uint subIdHigh, [R(1)] out int valueLow, [R(2)] out int valueHigh)
-        {
-            long subId = (long)(subIdLow | ((ulong)subIdHigh << 32));
-
-            KernelResult result = _syscall.GetSystemInfo(out long value, id, handle, subId);
-
-            valueHigh = (int)(value >> 32);
-            valueLow = (int)(value & uint.MaxValue);
-
-            return result;
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult GetResourceLimitLimitValue32([R(1)] int handle, [R(2)] LimitableResource resource, [R(1)] out int limitValueLow, [R(2)] out int limitValueHigh)
-        {
-            KernelResult result = _syscall.GetResourceLimitLimitValue(out long limitValue, handle, resource);
-
-            limitValueHigh = (int)(limitValue >> 32);
-            limitValueLow = (int)(limitValue & uint.MaxValue);
-
-            return result;
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult GetResourceLimitCurrentValue32([R(1)] int handle, [R(2)] LimitableResource resource, [R(1)] out int limitValueLow, [R(2)] out int limitValueHigh)
-        {
-            KernelResult result = _syscall.GetResourceLimitCurrentValue(out long limitValue, handle, resource);
-
-            limitValueHigh = (int)(limitValue >> 32);
-            limitValueLow = (int)(limitValue & uint.MaxValue);
-
-            return result;
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult GetResourceLimitPeakValue32([R(1)] int handle, [R(2)] LimitableResource resource, [R(1)] out int peakLow, [R(2)] out int peakHigh)
-        {
-            KernelResult result = _syscall.GetResourceLimitPeakValue(out long peak, handle, resource);
-
-            peakHigh = (int)(peak >> 32);
-            peakLow = (int)(peak & uint.MaxValue);
-
-            return result;
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult CreateResourceLimit32([R(1)] out int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.CreateResourceLimit(out handle);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult SetResourceLimitLimitValue32([R(0)] int handle, [R(1)] LimitableResource resource, [R(2)] uint limitValueLow, [R(3)] uint limitValueHigh)
-        {
-            long limitValue = (long)(limitValueLow | ((ulong)limitValueHigh << 32));
-
-            return _syscall.SetResourceLimitLimitValue(handle, resource, limitValue);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult FlushProcessDataCache32(
-            [R(0)] uint processHandle,
-            [R(2)] uint addressLow,
-            [R(3)] uint addressHigh,
-            [R(1)] uint sizeLow,
-            [R(4)] uint sizeHigh)
-        {
-            // FIXME: This needs to be implemented as ARMv7 doesn't have any way to do cache maintenance operations on EL0.
-            // As we don't support (and don't actually need) to flush the cache, this is stubbed.
-            return KernelResult.Success;
-        }
-
-        // Thread
-
-        public KernelResult CreateThread32(
-            [R(1)] uint entrypoint,
-            [R(2)] uint argsPtr,
-            [R(3)] uint stackTop,
-            [R(0)] int priority,
-            [R(4)] int cpuCore,
-            [R(1)] out int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.CreateThread(out handle, entrypoint, argsPtr, stackTop, priority, cpuCore);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult StartThread32([R(0)] int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.StartThread(handle);
-        }
-
-        public void ExitThread32()
-        {
-            _syscall.ExitThread();
-        }
-
-        public void SleepThread32([R(0)] uint timeoutLow, [R(1)] uint timeoutHigh)
-        {
-            long timeout = (long)(timeoutLow | ((ulong)timeoutHigh << 32));
-
-            _syscall.SleepThread(timeout);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult GetThreadPriority32([R(1)] int handle, [R(1)] out int priority)
-        {
-            return _syscall.GetThreadPriority(out priority, handle);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult SetThreadPriority32([R(0)] int handle, [R(1)] int priority)
-        {
-            return _syscall.SetThreadPriority(handle, priority);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult GetThreadCoreMask32([R(2)] int handle, [R(1)] out int preferredCore, [R(2)] out uint affinityMaskLow, [R(3)] out uint affinityMaskHigh)
-        {
-            KernelResult result = _syscall.GetThreadCoreMask(out preferredCore, out ulong affinityMask, handle);
-
-            affinityMaskLow = (uint)(affinityMask & uint.MaxValue);
-            affinityMaskHigh = (uint)(affinityMask >> 32);
-
-            return result;
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult SetThreadCoreMask32([R(0)] int handle, [R(1)] int preferredCore, [R(2)] uint affinityMaskLow, [R(3)] uint affinityMaskHigh)
-        {
-            ulong affinityMask = affinityMaskLow | ((ulong)affinityMaskHigh << 32);
-
-            return _syscall.SetThreadCoreMask(handle, preferredCore, affinityMask);
-        }
-
-        public int GetCurrentProcessorNumber32()
-        {
-            return _syscall.GetCurrentProcessorNumber();
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult GetThreadId32([R(1)] int handle, [R(1)] out uint threadUidLow, [R(2)] out uint threadUidHigh)
-        {
-            ulong threadUid;
-
-            KernelResult result = _syscall.GetThreadId(out threadUid, handle);
-
-            threadUidLow = (uint)(threadUid >> 32);
-            threadUidHigh = (uint)(threadUid & uint.MaxValue);
-
-            return result;
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult SetThreadActivity32([R(0)] int handle, [R(1)] bool pause)
-        {
-            return _syscall.SetThreadActivity(handle, pause);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult GetThreadContext332([R(0)] uint address, [R(1)] int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.GetThreadContext3(address, handle);
-        }
-
-        // Thread synchronization
-
-        public KernelResult WaitSynchronization32(
-            [R(0)] uint timeoutLow,
-            [R(1)] uint handlesPtr,
-            [R(2)] int handlesCount,
-            [R(3)] uint timeoutHigh,
-            [R(1)] out int handleIndex)
-        {
-            long timeout = (long)(timeoutLow | ((ulong)timeoutHigh << 32));
-
-            return _syscall.WaitSynchronization(out handleIndex, handlesPtr, handlesCount, timeout);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult CancelSynchronization32([R(0)] int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.CancelSynchronization(handle);
-        }
-
-
-        public KernelResult ArbitrateLock32([R(0)] int ownerHandle, [R(1)] uint mutexAddress, [R(2)] int requesterHandle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.ArbitrateLock(ownerHandle, mutexAddress, requesterHandle);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult ArbitrateUnlock32([R(0)] uint mutexAddress)
-        {
-            return _syscall.ArbitrateUnlock(mutexAddress);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult WaitProcessWideKeyAtomic32(
-            [R(0)] uint mutexAddress,
-            [R(1)] uint condVarAddress,
-            [R(2)] int handle,
-            [R(3)] uint timeoutLow,
-            [R(4)] uint timeoutHigh)
-        {
-            long timeout = (long)(timeoutLow | ((ulong)timeoutHigh << 32));
-
-            return _syscall.WaitProcessWideKeyAtomic(mutexAddress, condVarAddress, handle, timeout);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult SignalProcessWideKey32([R(0)] uint address, [R(1)] int count)
-        {
-            return _syscall.SignalProcessWideKey(address, count);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult WaitForAddress32([R(0)] uint address, [R(1)] ArbitrationType type, [R(2)] int value, [R(3)] uint timeoutLow, [R(4)] uint timeoutHigh)
-        {
-            long timeout = (long)(timeoutLow | ((ulong)timeoutHigh << 32));
-
-            return _syscall.WaitForAddress(address, type, value, timeout);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult SignalToAddress32([R(0)] uint address, [R(1)] SignalType type, [R(2)] int value, [R(3)] int count)
-        {
-            return _syscall.SignalToAddress(address, type, value, count);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult SynchronizePreemptionState32()
-        {
-            return _syscall.SynchronizePreemptionState();
-        }
-    }
-}

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/SupervisorCall/Syscall64.cs

@@ -1,434 +0,0 @@
-using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Common;
-using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory;
-using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading;
-
-namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
-{
-    class Syscall64
-    {
-        private readonly Syscall _syscall;
-
-        public Syscall64(Syscall syscall)
-        {
-            _syscall = syscall;
-        }
-
-        // IPC
-
-        public KernelResult ConnectToNamedPort64([R(1)] ulong namePtr, [R(1)] out int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.ConnectToNamedPort(out handle, namePtr);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult SendSyncRequest64([R(0)] int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.SendSyncRequest(handle);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult SendSyncRequestWithUserBuffer64([R(0)] ulong messagePtr, [R(1)] ulong messageSize, [R(2)] int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.SendSyncRequestWithUserBuffer(messagePtr, messageSize, handle);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult SendAsyncRequestWithUserBuffer64(
-            [R(1)] ulong messagePtr,
-            [R(2)] ulong messageSize,
-            [R(3)] int handle,
-            [R(1)] out int doneEventHandle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.SendAsyncRequestWithUserBuffer(out doneEventHandle, messagePtr, messageSize, handle);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult CreateSession64(
-            [R(2)] bool isLight,
-            [R(3)] ulong namePtr,
-            [R(1)] out int serverSessionHandle,
-            [R(2)] out int clientSessionHandle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.CreateSession(out serverSessionHandle, out clientSessionHandle, isLight, namePtr);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult AcceptSession64([R(1)] int portHandle, [R(1)] out int sessionHandle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.AcceptSession(out sessionHandle, portHandle);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult ReplyAndReceive64(
-            [R(1)] ulong handlesPtr,
-            [R(2)] int handlesCount,
-            [R(3)] int replyTargetHandle,
-            [R(4)] long timeout,
-            [R(1)] out int handleIndex)
-        {
-            return _syscall.ReplyAndReceive(out handleIndex, handlesPtr, handlesCount, replyTargetHandle, timeout);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult ReplyAndReceiveWithUserBuffer64(
-            [R(1)] ulong messagePtr,
-            [R(2)] ulong messageSize,
-            [R(3)] ulong handlesPtr,
-            [R(4)] int handlesCount,
-            [R(5)] int replyTargetHandle,
-            [R(6)] long timeout,
-            [R(1)] out int handleIndex)
-        {
-            return _syscall.ReplyAndReceiveWithUserBuffer(
-                out handleIndex,
-                handlesPtr,
-                messagePtr,
-                messageSize,
-                handlesCount,
-                replyTargetHandle,
-                timeout);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult CreatePort64(
-            [R(2)] int maxSessions,
-            [R(3)] bool isLight,
-            [R(4)] ulong namePtr,
-            [R(1)] out int serverPortHandle,
-            [R(2)] out int clientPortHandle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.CreatePort(out serverPortHandle, out clientPortHandle, maxSessions, isLight, namePtr);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult ManageNamedPort64([R(1)] ulong namePtr, [R(2)] int maxSessions, [R(1)] out int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.ManageNamedPort(out handle, namePtr, maxSessions);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult ConnectToPort64([R(1)] int clientPortHandle, [R(1)] out int clientSessionHandle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.ConnectToPort(out clientSessionHandle, clientPortHandle);
-        }
-
-        // Memory
-
-        public KernelResult SetHeapSize64([R(1)] ulong size, [R(1)] out ulong address)
-        {
-            return _syscall.SetHeapSize(out address, size);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult SetMemoryPermission64(
-            [R(0)] ulong address,
-            [R(1)] ulong size,
-            [R(2)] KMemoryPermission permission)
-        {
-            return _syscall.SetMemoryPermission(address, size, permission);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult SetMemoryAttribute64(
-            [R(0)] ulong address,
-            [R(1)] ulong size,
-            [R(2)] MemoryAttribute attributeMask,
-            [R(3)] MemoryAttribute attributeValue)
-        {
-            return _syscall.SetMemoryAttribute(address, size, attributeMask, attributeValue);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult MapMemory64([R(0)] ulong dst, [R(1)] ulong src, [R(2)] ulong size)
-        {
-            return _syscall.MapMemory(dst, src, size);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult UnmapMemory64([R(0)] ulong dst, [R(1)] ulong src, [R(2)] ulong size)
-        {
-            return _syscall.UnmapMemory(dst, src, size);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult QueryMemory64([R(0)] ulong infoPtr, [R(2)] ulong address, [R(1)] out ulong pageInfo)
-        {
-            return _syscall.QueryMemory(infoPtr, out pageInfo, address);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult MapSharedMemory64([R(0)] int handle, [R(1)] ulong address, [R(2)] ulong size, [R(3)] KMemoryPermission permission)
-        {
-            return _syscall.MapSharedMemory(handle, address, size, permission);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult UnmapSharedMemory64([R(0)] int handle, [R(1)] ulong address, [R(2)] ulong size)
-        {
-            return _syscall.UnmapSharedMemory(handle, address, size);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult CreateTransferMemory64(
-            [R(1)] ulong address,
-            [R(2)] ulong size,
-            [R(3)] KMemoryPermission permission,
-            [R(1)] out int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.CreateTransferMemory(out handle, address, size, permission);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult CreateCodeMemory64([R(1)] ulong address, [R(2)] ulong size, [R(1)] out int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.CreateCodeMemory(address, size, out handle);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult ControlCodeMemory64([R(0)] int handle, [R(1)] CodeMemoryOperation op, [R(2)] ulong address, [R(3)] ulong size, [R(4)] KMemoryPermission permission)
-        {
-            return _syscall.ControlCodeMemory(handle, op, address, size, permission);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult MapTransferMemory64([R(0)] int handle, [R(1)] ulong address, [R(2)] ulong size, [R(3)] KMemoryPermission permission)
-        {
-            return _syscall.MapTransferMemory(handle, address, size, permission);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult UnmapTransferMemory64([R(0)] int handle, [R(1)] ulong address, [R(2)] ulong size)
-        {
-            return _syscall.UnmapTransferMemory(handle, address, size);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult MapPhysicalMemory64([R(0)] ulong address, [R(1)] ulong size)
-        {
-            return _syscall.MapPhysicalMemory(address, size);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult UnmapPhysicalMemory64([R(0)] ulong address, [R(1)] ulong size)
-        {
-            return _syscall.UnmapPhysicalMemory(address, size);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult SetProcessMemoryPermission64([R(0)] int handle, [R(1)] ulong src, [R(2)] ulong size, [R(3)] KMemoryPermission permission)
-        {
-            return _syscall.SetProcessMemoryPermission(handle, src, size, permission);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult MapProcessMemory64([R(0)] ulong dst, [R(1)] int handle, [R(2)] ulong src, [R(3)] ulong size)
-        {
-            return _syscall.MapProcessMemory(dst, handle, src, size);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult UnmapProcessMemory64([R(0)] ulong dst, [R(1)] int handle, [R(2)] ulong src, [R(3)] ulong size)
-        {
-            return _syscall.UnmapProcessMemory(dst, handle, src, size);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult MapProcessCodeMemory64([R(0)] int handle, [R(1)] ulong dst, [R(2)] ulong src, [R(3)] ulong size)
-        {
-            return _syscall.MapProcessCodeMemory(handle, dst, src, size);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult UnmapProcessCodeMemory64([R(0)] int handle, [R(1)] ulong dst, [R(2)] ulong src, [R(3)] ulong size)
-        {
-            return _syscall.UnmapProcessCodeMemory(handle, dst, src, size);
-        }
-
-        // System
-
-        public void ExitProcess64()
-        {
-            _syscall.ExitProcess();
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult TerminateProcess64([R(0)] int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.TerminateProcess(handle);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult SignalEvent64([R(0)] int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.SignalEvent(handle);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult ClearEvent64([R(0)] int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.ClearEvent(handle);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult CloseHandle64([R(0)] int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.CloseHandle(handle);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult ResetSignal64([R(0)] int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.ResetSignal(handle);
-        }
-
-        public ulong GetSystemTick64()
-        {
-            return _syscall.GetSystemTick();
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult GetProcessId64([R(1)] int handle, [R(1)] out ulong pid)
-        {
-            return _syscall.GetProcessId(out pid, handle);
-        }
-
-        public void Break64([R(0)] ulong reason, [R(1)] ulong x1, [R(2)] ulong info)
-        {
-            _syscall.Break(reason);
-        }
-
-        public void OutputDebugString64([R(0)] ulong strPtr, [R(1)] ulong size)
-        {
-            _syscall.OutputDebugString(strPtr, size);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult GetInfo64([R(1)] InfoType id, [R(2)] int handle, [R(3)] long subId, [R(1)] out ulong value)
-        {
-            return _syscall.GetInfo(out value, id, handle, subId);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult CreateEvent64([R(1)] out int wEventHandle, [R(2)] out int rEventHandle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.CreateEvent(out wEventHandle, out rEventHandle);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult GetProcessList64([R(1)] ulong address, [R(2)] int maxCount, [R(1)] out int count)
-        {
-            return _syscall.GetProcessList(out count, address, maxCount);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult GetSystemInfo64([R(1)] uint id, [R(2)] int handle, [R(3)] long subId, [R(1)] out long value)
-        {
-            return _syscall.GetSystemInfo(out value, id, handle, subId);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult GetResourceLimitLimitValue64([R(1)] int handle, [R(2)] LimitableResource resource, [R(1)] out long limitValue)
-        {
-            return _syscall.GetResourceLimitLimitValue(out limitValue, handle, resource);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult GetResourceLimitCurrentValue64([R(1)] int handle, [R(2)] LimitableResource resource, [R(1)] out long limitValue)
-        {
-            return _syscall.GetResourceLimitCurrentValue(out limitValue, handle, resource);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult GetResourceLimitPeakValue64([R(1)] int handle, [R(2)] LimitableResource resource, [R(1)] out long peak)
-        {
-            return _syscall.GetResourceLimitPeakValue(out peak, handle, resource);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult CreateResourceLimit64([R(1)] out int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.CreateResourceLimit(out handle);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult SetResourceLimitLimitValue64([R(0)] int handle, [R(1)] LimitableResource resource, [R(2)] long limitValue)
-        {
-            return _syscall.SetResourceLimitLimitValue(handle, resource, limitValue);
-        }
-
-        // Thread
-
-        public KernelResult CreateThread64(
-            [R(1)] ulong entrypoint,
-            [R(2)] ulong argsPtr,
-            [R(3)] ulong stackTop,
-            [R(4)] int priority,
-            [R(5)] int cpuCore,
-            [R(1)] out int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.CreateThread(out handle, entrypoint, argsPtr, stackTop, priority, cpuCore);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult StartThread64([R(0)] int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.StartThread(handle);
-        }
-
-        public void ExitThread64()
-        {
-            _syscall.ExitThread();
-        }
-
-        public void SleepThread64([R(0)] long timeout)
-        {
-            _syscall.SleepThread(timeout);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult GetThreadPriority64([R(1)] int handle, [R(1)] out int priority)
-        {
-            return _syscall.GetThreadPriority(out priority, handle);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult SetThreadPriority64([R(0)] int handle, [R(1)] int priority)
-        {
-            return _syscall.SetThreadPriority(handle, priority);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult GetThreadCoreMask64([R(2)] int handle, [R(1)] out int preferredCore, [R(2)] out ulong affinityMask)
-        {
-            return _syscall.GetThreadCoreMask(out preferredCore, out affinityMask, handle);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult SetThreadCoreMask64([R(0)] int handle, [R(1)] int preferredCore, [R(2)] ulong affinityMask)
-        {
-            return _syscall.SetThreadCoreMask(handle, preferredCore, affinityMask);
-        }
-
-        public int GetCurrentProcessorNumber64()
-        {
-            return _syscall.GetCurrentProcessorNumber();
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult GetThreadId64([R(1)] int handle, [R(1)] out ulong threadUid)
-        {
-            return _syscall.GetThreadId(out threadUid, handle);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult SetThreadActivity64([R(0)] int handle, [R(1)] bool pause)
-        {
-            return _syscall.SetThreadActivity(handle, pause);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult GetThreadContext364([R(0)] ulong address, [R(1)] int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.GetThreadContext3(address, handle);
-        }
-
-        // Thread synchronization
-
-        public KernelResult WaitSynchronization64([R(1)] ulong handlesPtr, [R(2)] int handlesCount, [R(3)] long timeout, [R(1)] out int handleIndex)
-        {
-            return _syscall.WaitSynchronization(out handleIndex, handlesPtr, handlesCount, timeout);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult CancelSynchronization64([R(0)] int handle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.CancelSynchronization(handle);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult ArbitrateLock64([R(0)] int ownerHandle, [R(1)] ulong mutexAddress, [R(2)] int requesterHandle)
-        {
-            return _syscall.ArbitrateLock(ownerHandle, mutexAddress, requesterHandle);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult ArbitrateUnlock64([R(0)] ulong mutexAddress)
-        {
-            return _syscall.ArbitrateUnlock(mutexAddress);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult WaitProcessWideKeyAtomic64(
-            [R(0)] ulong mutexAddress,
-            [R(1)] ulong condVarAddress,
-            [R(2)] int handle,
-            [R(3)] long timeout)
-        {
-            return _syscall.WaitProcessWideKeyAtomic(mutexAddress, condVarAddress, handle, timeout);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult SignalProcessWideKey64([R(0)] ulong address, [R(1)] int count)
-        {
-            return _syscall.SignalProcessWideKey(address, count);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult WaitForAddress64([R(0)] ulong address, [R(1)] ArbitrationType type, [R(2)] int value, [R(3)] long timeout)
-        {
-            return _syscall.WaitForAddress(address, type, value, timeout);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult SignalToAddress64([R(0)] ulong address, [R(1)] SignalType type, [R(2)] int value, [R(3)] int count)
-        {
-            return _syscall.SignalToAddress(address, type, value, count);
-        }
-
-        public KernelResult SynchronizePreemptionState64()
-        {
-            return _syscall.SynchronizePreemptionState();
-        }
-    }
-}

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/SupervisorCall/SyscallHandler.cs

@@ -1,23 +1,18 @@
-using ARMeilleure.State;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading;
-using System;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
 {
     partial class SyscallHandler
     {
         private readonly KernelContext _context;
-        private readonly Syscall32 _syscall32;
-        private readonly Syscall64 _syscall64;
 
         public SyscallHandler(KernelContext context)
         {
             _context = context;
-            _syscall32 = new Syscall32(context.Syscall);
-            _syscall64 = new Syscall64(context.Syscall);
         }
 
-        public void SvcCall(object sender, InstExceptionEventArgs e)
+        public void SvcCall(IExecutionContext context, ulong address, int id)
         {
             KThread currentThread = KernelStatic.GetCurrentThread();
 
@@ -34,29 +29,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
                 _context.CriticalSection.Leave();
             }
 
-            ExecutionContext context = (ExecutionContext)sender; 
-
             if (context.IsAarch32)
             {
-                var svcFunc = SyscallTable.SvcTable32[e.Id];
-
-                if (svcFunc == null)
-                {
-                    throw new NotImplementedException($"SVC 0x{e.Id:X4} is not implemented.");
-                }
-
-                svcFunc(_syscall32, context);
+                SyscallDispatch.Dispatch32(_context.Syscall, context, id);
             }
             else
             {
-                var svcFunc = SyscallTable.SvcTable64[e.Id];
-
-                if (svcFunc == null)
-                {
-                    throw new NotImplementedException($"SVC 0x{e.Id:X4} is not implemented.");
-                }
-
-                svcFunc(_syscall64, context);
+                SyscallDispatch.Dispatch64(_context.Syscall, context, id);
             }
 
             currentThread.HandlePostSyscall();

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/SupervisorCall/SyscallTable.cs

@@ -1,494 +0,0 @@
-using ARMeilleure.State;
-using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
-using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Common;
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Reflection;
-using System.Reflection.Emit;
-
-namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
-{
-    static class SyscallTable
-    {
-        private const int SvcFuncMaxArguments64 = 8;
-        private const int SvcFuncMaxArguments32 = 4;
-        private const int SvcMax                = 0x80;
-
-        public static Action<Syscall32, ExecutionContext>[] SvcTable32 { get; }
-        public static Action<Syscall64, ExecutionContext>[] SvcTable64 { get; }
-
-        static SyscallTable()
-        {
-            SvcTable32 = new Action<Syscall32, ExecutionContext>[SvcMax];
-            SvcTable64 = new Action<Syscall64, ExecutionContext>[SvcMax];
-
-            Dictionary<int, string> svcFuncs64 = new Dictionary<int, string>
-            {
-                { 0x01, nameof(Syscall64.SetHeapSize64)                    },
-                { 0x02, nameof(Syscall64.SetMemoryPermission64)            },
-                { 0x03, nameof(Syscall64.SetMemoryAttribute64)             },
-                { 0x04, nameof(Syscall64.MapMemory64)                      },
-                { 0x05, nameof(Syscall64.UnmapMemory64)                    },
-                { 0x06, nameof(Syscall64.QueryMemory64)                    },
-                { 0x07, nameof(Syscall64.ExitProcess64)                    },
-                { 0x08, nameof(Syscall64.CreateThread64)                   },
-                { 0x09, nameof(Syscall64.StartThread64)                    },
-                { 0x0a, nameof(Syscall64.ExitThread64)                     },
-                { 0x0b, nameof(Syscall64.SleepThread64)                    },
-                { 0x0c, nameof(Syscall64.GetThreadPriority64)              },
-                { 0x0d, nameof(Syscall64.SetThreadPriority64)              },
-                { 0x0e, nameof(Syscall64.GetThreadCoreMask64)              },
-                { 0x0f, nameof(Syscall64.SetThreadCoreMask64)              },
-                { 0x10, nameof(Syscall64.GetCurrentProcessorNumber64)      },
-                { 0x11, nameof(Syscall64.SignalEvent64)                    },
-                { 0x12, nameof(Syscall64.ClearEvent64)                     },
-                { 0x13, nameof(Syscall64.MapSharedMemory64)                },
-                { 0x14, nameof(Syscall64.UnmapSharedMemory64)              },
-                { 0x15, nameof(Syscall64.CreateTransferMemory64)           },
-                { 0x16, nameof(Syscall64.CloseHandle64)                    },
-                { 0x17, nameof(Syscall64.ResetSignal64)                    },
-                { 0x18, nameof(Syscall64.WaitSynchronization64)            },
-                { 0x19, nameof(Syscall64.CancelSynchronization64)          },
-                { 0x1a, nameof(Syscall64.ArbitrateLock64)                  },
-                { 0x1b, nameof(Syscall64.ArbitrateUnlock64)                },
-                { 0x1c, nameof(Syscall64.WaitProcessWideKeyAtomic64)       },
-                { 0x1d, nameof(Syscall64.SignalProcessWideKey64)           },
-                { 0x1e, nameof(Syscall64.GetSystemTick64)                  },
-                { 0x1f, nameof(Syscall64.ConnectToNamedPort64)             },
-                { 0x21, nameof(Syscall64.SendSyncRequest64)                },
-                { 0x22, nameof(Syscall64.SendSyncRequestWithUserBuffer64)  },
-                { 0x23, nameof(Syscall64.SendAsyncRequestWithUserBuffer64) },
-                { 0x24, nameof(Syscall64.GetProcessId64)                   },
-                { 0x25, nameof(Syscall64.GetThreadId64)                    },
-                { 0x26, nameof(Syscall64.Break64)                          },
-                { 0x27, nameof(Syscall64.OutputDebugString64)              },
-                { 0x29, nameof(Syscall64.GetInfo64)                        },
-                { 0x2c, nameof(Syscall64.MapPhysicalMemory64)              },
-                { 0x2d, nameof(Syscall64.UnmapPhysicalMemory64)            },
-                { 0x30, nameof(Syscall64.GetResourceLimitLimitValue64)     },
-                { 0x31, nameof(Syscall64.GetResourceLimitCurrentValue64)   },
-                { 0x32, nameof(Syscall64.SetThreadActivity64)              },
-                { 0x33, nameof(Syscall64.GetThreadContext364)              },
-                { 0x34, nameof(Syscall64.WaitForAddress64)                 },
-                { 0x35, nameof(Syscall64.SignalToAddress64)                },
-                { 0x36, nameof(Syscall64.SynchronizePreemptionState64)     },
-                { 0x37, nameof(Syscall64.GetResourceLimitPeakValue64)      },
-                { 0x40, nameof(Syscall64.CreateSession64)                  },
-                { 0x41, nameof(Syscall64.AcceptSession64)                  },
-                { 0x43, nameof(Syscall64.ReplyAndReceive64)                },
-                { 0x44, nameof(Syscall64.ReplyAndReceiveWithUserBuffer64)  },
-                { 0x45, nameof(Syscall64.CreateEvent64)                    },
-                { 0x4b, nameof(Syscall64.CreateCodeMemory64)               },
-                { 0x4c, nameof(Syscall64.ControlCodeMemory64)              },
-                { 0x51, nameof(Syscall64.MapTransferMemory64)              },
-                { 0x52, nameof(Syscall64.UnmapTransferMemory64)            },
-                { 0x65, nameof(Syscall64.GetProcessList64)                 },
-                { 0x6f, nameof(Syscall64.GetSystemInfo64)                  },
-                { 0x70, nameof(Syscall64.CreatePort64)                     },
-                { 0x71, nameof(Syscall64.ManageNamedPort64)                },
-                { 0x72, nameof(Syscall64.ConnectToPort64)                  },
-                { 0x73, nameof(Syscall64.SetProcessMemoryPermission64)     },
-                { 0x74, nameof(Syscall64.MapProcessMemory64)               },
-                { 0x75, nameof(Syscall64.UnmapProcessMemory64)             },
-                { 0x77, nameof(Syscall64.MapProcessCodeMemory64)           },
-                { 0x78, nameof(Syscall64.UnmapProcessCodeMemory64)         },
-                { 0x7B, nameof(Syscall64.TerminateProcess64)               },
-                { 0x7D, nameof(Syscall64.CreateResourceLimit64)            },
-                { 0x7E, nameof(Syscall64.SetResourceLimitLimitValue64)     }
-            };
-
-            foreach (KeyValuePair<int, string> value in svcFuncs64)
-            {
-                SvcTable64[value.Key] = GenerateMethod<Syscall64>(value.Value, SvcFuncMaxArguments64);
-            }
-
-            Dictionary<int, string> svcFuncs32 = new Dictionary<int, string>
-            {
-                { 0x01, nameof(Syscall32.SetHeapSize32)                   },
-                { 0x02, nameof(Syscall32.SetMemoryPermission32)           },
-                { 0x03, nameof(Syscall32.SetMemoryAttribute32)            },
-                { 0x04, nameof(Syscall32.MapMemory32)                     },
-                { 0x05, nameof(Syscall32.UnmapMemory32)                   },
-                { 0x06, nameof(Syscall32.QueryMemory32)                   },
-                { 0x07, nameof(Syscall32.ExitProcess32)                   },
-                { 0x08, nameof(Syscall32.CreateThread32)                  },
-                { 0x09, nameof(Syscall32.StartThread32)                   },
-                { 0x0a, nameof(Syscall32.ExitThread32)                    },
-                { 0x0b, nameof(Syscall32.SleepThread32)                   },
-                { 0x0c, nameof(Syscall32.GetThreadPriority32)             },
-                { 0x0d, nameof(Syscall32.SetThreadPriority32)             },
-                { 0x0e, nameof(Syscall32.GetThreadCoreMask32)             },
-                { 0x0f, nameof(Syscall32.SetThreadCoreMask32)             },
-                { 0x10, nameof(Syscall32.GetCurrentProcessorNumber32)     },
-                { 0x11, nameof(Syscall32.SignalEvent32)                   },
-                { 0x12, nameof(Syscall32.ClearEvent32)                    },
-                { 0x13, nameof(Syscall32.MapSharedMemory32)               },
-                { 0x14, nameof(Syscall32.UnmapSharedMemory32)             },
-                { 0x15, nameof(Syscall32.CreateTransferMemory32)          },
-                { 0x16, nameof(Syscall32.CloseHandle32)                   },
-                { 0x17, nameof(Syscall32.ResetSignal32)                   },
-                { 0x18, nameof(Syscall32.WaitSynchronization32)           },
-                { 0x19, nameof(Syscall32.CancelSynchronization32)         },
-                { 0x1a, nameof(Syscall32.ArbitrateLock32)                 },
-                { 0x1b, nameof(Syscall32.ArbitrateUnlock32)               },
-                { 0x1c, nameof(Syscall32.WaitProcessWideKeyAtomic32)      },
-                { 0x1d, nameof(Syscall32.SignalProcessWideKey32)          },
-                { 0x1e, nameof(Syscall32.GetSystemTick32)                 },
-                { 0x1f, nameof(Syscall32.ConnectToNamedPort32)            },
-                { 0x21, nameof(Syscall32.SendSyncRequest32)               },
-                { 0x22, nameof(Syscall32.SendSyncRequestWithUserBuffer32) },
-                { 0x24, nameof(Syscall32.GetProcessId32)                  },
-                { 0x25, nameof(Syscall32.GetThreadId32)                   },
-                { 0x26, nameof(Syscall32.Break32)                         },
-                { 0x27, nameof(Syscall32.OutputDebugString32)             },
-                { 0x29, nameof(Syscall32.GetInfo32)                       },
-                { 0x2c, nameof(Syscall32.MapPhysicalMemory32)             },
-                { 0x2d, nameof(Syscall32.UnmapPhysicalMemory32)           },
-                { 0x30, nameof(Syscall32.GetResourceLimitLimitValue32)    },
-                { 0x31, nameof(Syscall32.GetResourceLimitCurrentValue32)  },
-                { 0x32, nameof(Syscall32.SetThreadActivity32)             },
-                { 0x33, nameof(Syscall32.GetThreadContext332)             },
-                { 0x34, nameof(Syscall32.WaitForAddress32)                },
-                { 0x35, nameof(Syscall32.SignalToAddress32)               },
-                { 0x36, nameof(Syscall32.SynchronizePreemptionState32)    },
-                { 0x37, nameof(Syscall32.GetResourceLimitPeakValue32)     },
-                { 0x40, nameof(Syscall32.CreateSession32)                 },
-                { 0x41, nameof(Syscall32.AcceptSession32)                 },
-                { 0x43, nameof(Syscall32.ReplyAndReceive32)               },
-                { 0x45, nameof(Syscall32.CreateEvent32)                   },
-                { 0x4b, nameof(Syscall32.CreateCodeMemory32)              },
-                { 0x4c, nameof(Syscall32.ControlCodeMemory32)             },
-                { 0x51, nameof(Syscall32.MapTransferMemory32)             },
-                { 0x52, nameof(Syscall32.UnmapTransferMemory32)           },
-                { 0x5F, nameof(Syscall32.FlushProcessDataCache32)         },
-                { 0x65, nameof(Syscall32.GetProcessList32)                },
-                { 0x6f, nameof(Syscall32.GetSystemInfo32)                 },
-                { 0x70, nameof(Syscall32.CreatePort32)                    },
-                { 0x71, nameof(Syscall32.ManageNamedPort32)               },
-                { 0x72, nameof(Syscall32.ConnectToPort32)                 },
-                { 0x73, nameof(Syscall32.SetProcessMemoryPermission32)    },
-                { 0x74, nameof(Syscall32.MapProcessMemory32)              },
-                { 0x75, nameof(Syscall32.UnmapProcessMemory32)            },
-                { 0x77, nameof(Syscall32.MapProcessCodeMemory32)          },
-                { 0x78, nameof(Syscall32.UnmapProcessCodeMemory32)        },
-                { 0x7B, nameof(Syscall32.TerminateProcess32)              },
-                { 0x7D, nameof(Syscall32.CreateResourceLimit32)           },
-                { 0x7E, nameof(Syscall32.SetResourceLimitLimitValue32)    }
-            };
-
-            foreach (KeyValuePair<int, string> value in svcFuncs32)
-            {
-                SvcTable32[value.Key] = GenerateMethod<Syscall32>(value.Value, SvcFuncMaxArguments32);
-            }
-        }
-
-        private static Action<T, ExecutionContext> GenerateMethod<T>(string svcName, int registerCleanCount)
-        {
-            Type[] argTypes = new Type[] { typeof(T), typeof(ExecutionContext) };
-
-            DynamicMethod method = new DynamicMethod(svcName, null, argTypes);
-
-            MethodInfo methodInfo = typeof(T).GetMethod(svcName);
-
-            ParameterInfo[] methodArgs = methodInfo.GetParameters();
-
-            ILGenerator generator = method.GetILGenerator();
-
-            void ConvertToArgType(Type sourceType)
-            {
-                CheckIfTypeIsSupported(sourceType, svcName);
-
-                switch (Type.GetTypeCode(sourceType))
-                {
-                    case TypeCode.UInt32: generator.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_U4); break;
-                    case TypeCode.Int32:  generator.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_I4); break;
-                    case TypeCode.UInt16: generator.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_U2); break;
-                    case TypeCode.Int16:  generator.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_I2); break;
-                    case TypeCode.Byte:   generator.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_U1); break;
-                    case TypeCode.SByte:  generator.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_I1); break;
-
-                    case TypeCode.Boolean:
-                        generator.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_I4);
-                        generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1);
-                        generator.Emit(OpCodes.And);
-                        break;
-                }
-            }
-
-            void ConvertToFieldType(Type sourceType)
-            {
-                CheckIfTypeIsSupported(sourceType, svcName);
-
-                switch (Type.GetTypeCode(sourceType))
-                {
-                    case TypeCode.UInt32:
-                    case TypeCode.Int32:
-                    case TypeCode.UInt16:
-                    case TypeCode.Int16:
-                    case TypeCode.Byte:
-                    case TypeCode.SByte:
-                    case TypeCode.Boolean:
-                        generator.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_U8);
-                        break;
-                }
-            }
-
-            RAttribute GetRegisterAttribute(ParameterInfo parameterInfo)
-            {
-                RAttribute argumentAttribute = (RAttribute)parameterInfo.GetCustomAttribute(typeof(RAttribute));
-
-                if (argumentAttribute == null)
-                {
-                    throw new InvalidOperationException($"Method \"{svcName}\" is missing a {typeof(RAttribute).Name} attribute on parameter \"{parameterInfo.Name}\"");
-                }
-
-                return argumentAttribute;
-            }
-
-            // For functions returning output values, the first registers
-            // are used to hold pointers where the value will be stored,
-            // so they can't be used to pass argument and we must
-            // skip them.
-            int byRefArgsCount = 0;
-
-            for (int index = 0; index < methodArgs.Length; index++)
-            {
-                if (methodArgs[index].ParameterType.IsByRef)
-                {
-                    byRefArgsCount++;
-                }
-            }
-
-            BindingFlags staticNonPublic = BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static;
-
-            // Print all the arguments for debugging purposes.
-            int inputArgsCount = methodArgs.Length - byRefArgsCount;
-
-            if (inputArgsCount != 0)
-            {
-                generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4, inputArgsCount);
-
-                generator.Emit(OpCodes.Newarr, typeof(object));
-
-                string argsFormat = svcName;
-
-                for (int index = 0; index < methodArgs.Length; index++)
-                {
-                    Type argType = methodArgs[index].ParameterType;
-
-                    // Ignore out argument for printing
-                    if (argType.IsByRef)
-                    {
-                        continue;
-                    }
-
-                    RAttribute registerAttribute = GetRegisterAttribute(methodArgs[index]);
-
-                    argsFormat += $" {methodArgs[index].Name}: 0x{{{index}:X8}},";
-
-                    generator.Emit(OpCodes.Dup);
-                    generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4, index);
-
-                    generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);
-                    generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4, registerAttribute.Index);
-
-                    MethodInfo info = typeof(ExecutionContext).GetMethod(nameof(ExecutionContext.GetX));
-
-                    generator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, info);
-
-                    generator.Emit(OpCodes.Box, typeof(ulong));
-
-                    generator.Emit(OpCodes.Stelem_Ref);
-                }
-
-                argsFormat = argsFormat.Substring(0, argsFormat.Length - 1);
-
-               generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldstr, argsFormat);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldnull);
-
-                generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldstr, svcName);
-            }
-
-            MethodInfo printArgsMethod = typeof(SyscallTable).GetMethod(nameof(PrintArguments), staticNonPublic);
-
-            generator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, printArgsMethod);
-
-            // Call the SVC function handler.
-            generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
-
-            List<(LocalBuilder, RAttribute)> locals = new List<(LocalBuilder, RAttribute)>();
-
-            for (int index = 0; index < methodArgs.Length; index++)
-            {
-                Type argType = methodArgs[index].ParameterType;
-                RAttribute registerAttribute = GetRegisterAttribute(methodArgs[index]);
-
-                if (argType.IsByRef)
-                {
-                    argType = argType.GetElementType();
-
-                    LocalBuilder local = generator.DeclareLocal(argType);
-
-                    locals.Add((local, registerAttribute));
-
-                    if (!methodArgs[index].IsOut)
-                    {
-                        generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);
-                        generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4, registerAttribute.Index);
-
-                        MethodInfo info = typeof(ExecutionContext).GetMethod(nameof(ExecutionContext.GetX));
-
-                        generator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, info);
-
-                        ConvertToArgType(argType);
-
-                        generator.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, local);
-                    }
-
-                    generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloca, local);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);
-                    generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4, registerAttribute.Index);
-
-                    MethodInfo info = typeof(ExecutionContext).GetMethod(nameof(ExecutionContext.GetX));
-
-                    generator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, info);
-
-                    ConvertToArgType(argType);
-                }
-            }
-
-            generator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, methodInfo);
-
-            Type retType = methodInfo.ReturnType;
-
-            // Print result code.
-            if (retType == typeof(KernelResult))
-            {
-                MethodInfo printResultMethod = typeof(SyscallTable).GetMethod(nameof(PrintResult), staticNonPublic);
-
-                generator.Emit(OpCodes.Dup);
-                generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldstr, svcName);
-                generator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, printResultMethod);
-            }
-
-            uint registerInUse = 0;
-
-            // Save return value into register X0 (when the method has a return value).
-            if (retType != typeof(void))
-            {
-                CheckIfTypeIsSupported(retType, svcName);
-
-                LocalBuilder tempLocal = generator.DeclareLocal(retType);
-
-                generator.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, tempLocal);
-                generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);
-                generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4, 0);
-                generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, tempLocal);
-
-                ConvertToFieldType(retType);
-
-                MethodInfo info = typeof(ExecutionContext).GetMethod(nameof(ExecutionContext.SetX));
-
-                generator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, info);
-
-                registerInUse |= 1u << 0;
-            }
-
-            for (int index = 0; index < locals.Count; index++)
-            {
-                (LocalBuilder local, RAttribute attribute) = locals[index];
-
-                if ((registerInUse & (1u << attribute.Index)) != 0)
-                {
-                    throw new InvalidSvcException($"Method \"{svcName}\" has conflicting output values at register index \"{attribute.Index}\".");
-                }
-
-                generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);
-                generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4, attribute.Index);
-                generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, local);
-
-                ConvertToFieldType(local.LocalType);
-
-                MethodInfo info = typeof(ExecutionContext).GetMethod(nameof(ExecutionContext.SetX));
-
-                generator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, info);
-
-                registerInUse |= 1u << attribute.Index;
-            }
-
-            // Zero out the remaining unused registers.
-            for (int i = 0; i < registerCleanCount; i++)
-            {
-                if ((registerInUse & (1u << i)) != 0)
-                {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);
-                generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4, i);
-                generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I8, 0L);
-
-                MethodInfo info = typeof(ExecutionContext).GetMethod(nameof(ExecutionContext.SetX));
-
-                generator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, info);
-            }
-
-            generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
-
-            return method.CreateDelegate<Action<T, ExecutionContext>>();
-        }
-
-        private static void CheckIfTypeIsSupported(Type type, string svcName)
-        {
-            switch (Type.GetTypeCode(type))
-            {
-                case TypeCode.UInt64:
-                case TypeCode.Int64:
-                case TypeCode.UInt32:
-                case TypeCode.Int32:
-                case TypeCode.UInt16:
-                case TypeCode.Int16:
-                case TypeCode.Byte:
-                case TypeCode.SByte:
-                case TypeCode.Boolean:
-                    return;
-            }
-
-            throw new InvalidSvcException($"Method \"{svcName}\" has a invalid ref type \"{type.Name}\".");
-        }
-
-        private static void PrintArguments(object[] argValues, string formatOrSvcName)
-        {
-            if (argValues != null)
-            {
-                Logger.Trace?.Print(LogClass.KernelSvc, string.Format(formatOrSvcName, argValues));
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                Logger.Trace?.Print(LogClass.KernelSvc, formatOrSvcName);
-            }
-        }
-
-        private static void PrintResult(KernelResult result, string svcName)
-        {
-            if (result != KernelResult.Success &&
-                result != KernelResult.TimedOut &&
-                result != KernelResult.Cancelled &&
-                result != KernelResult.PortRemoteClosed &&
-                result != KernelResult.InvalidState)
-            {
-                Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.KernelSvc, $"{svcName} returned error {result}.");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                Logger.Trace?.Print(LogClass.KernelSvc, $"{svcName} returned result {result}.");
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/Threading/KThread.cs

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading
 
         public Thread HostThread { get; private set; }
 
-        public ARMeilleure.State.ExecutionContext Context { get; private set; }
+        public IExecutionContext Context { get; private set; }
 
         public KThreadContext ThreadContext { get; private set; }
 
@@ -115,9 +115,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading
 
         public bool WaitingInArbitration { get; set; }
 
-        public long LastPc { get; set; }
-
-        private object ActivityOperationLock = new object();
+        private object _activityOperationLock;
 
         public KThread(KernelContext context) : base(context)
         {
@@ -128,6 +126,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading
 
             _mutexWaiters = new LinkedList<KThread>();
             _pinnedWaiters = new LinkedList<KThread>();
+
+            _activityOperationLock = new object();
         }
 
         public KernelResult Initialize(
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading
 
             HostThread = new Thread(ThreadStart);
 
-            Context = CpuContext.CreateExecutionContext();
+            Context = owner?.CreateExecutionContext() ?? new ProcessExecutionContext();
 
             Context.IsAarch32 = !is64Bits;
 
@@ -208,8 +208,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading
                 Context.SetX(13, (uint)stackTop);
             }
 
-            Context.CntfrqEl0 = 19200000;
-            Context.Tpidr = (long)_tlsAddress;
+            Context.TpidrroEl0 = (long)_tlsAddress;
 
             ThreadUid = KernelContext.NewThreadUid();
 
@@ -221,7 +220,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading
 
             if (owner != null)
             {
-                owner.SubscribeThreadEventHandlers(Context);
                 owner.AddThread(this);
 
                 if (owner.IsPaused)
@@ -538,7 +536,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading
 
         public KernelResult SetActivity(bool pause)
         {
-            lock (ActivityOperationLock)
+            lock (_activityOperationLock)
             {
                 KernelResult result = KernelResult.Success;
 
@@ -634,7 +632,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading
         {
             context = default;
 
-            lock (ActivityOperationLock)
+            lock (_activityOperationLock)
             {
                 KernelContext.CriticalSection.Enter();
 
@@ -656,7 +654,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading
             return KernelResult.Success;
         }
 
-        private static uint GetPsr(ARMeilleure.State.ExecutionContext context)
+        private static uint GetPsr(IExecutionContext context)
         {
             return context.Pstate & 0xFF0FFE20;
         }
@@ -683,9 +681,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading
                 context.Fp = Context.GetX(29);
                 context.Lr = Context.GetX(30);
                 context.Sp = Context.GetX(31);
-                context.Pc = (ulong)LastPc;
+                context.Pc = Context.Pc;
                 context.Pstate = GetPsr(Context);
-                context.Tpidr = (ulong)Context.Tpidr;
+                context.Tpidr = (ulong)Context.TpidrroEl0;
             }
             else
             {
@@ -699,9 +697,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading
                     context.FpuRegisters[i] = Context.GetV(i);
                 }
 
-                context.Pc = (uint)LastPc;
+                context.Pc = (uint)Context.Pc;
                 context.Pstate = GetPsr(Context);
-                context.Tpidr = (uint)Context.Tpidr;
+                context.Tpidr = (uint)Context.TpidrroEl0;
             }
 
             context.Fpcr = (uint)Context.Fpcr;
@@ -743,7 +741,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading
 
         public KernelResult SetCoreAndAffinityMask(int newCore, ulong newAffinityMask)
         {
-            lock (ActivityOperationLock)
+            lock (_activityOperationLock)
             {
                 KernelContext.CriticalSection.Enter();
 

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/ProgramLoader.cs

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
 
             KMemoryRegionManager region = context.MemoryManager.MemoryRegions[(int)memoryRegion];
 
-            KernelResult result = region.AllocatePages((ulong)codePagesCount, false, out KPageList pageList);
+            KernelResult result = region.AllocatePages(out KPageList pageList, (ulong)codePagesCount);
 
             if (result != KernelResult.Success)
             {
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
 
             KProcess process = new KProcess(context);
 
-            var processContextFactory = new ArmProcessContextFactory(context.Device.Gpu);
+            var processContextFactory = new ArmProcessContextFactory(context.Device.System.CpuEngine, context.Device.Gpu);
 
             result = process.InitializeKip(
                 creationInfo,
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
                 return false;
             }
 
-            var processContextFactory = new ArmProcessContextFactory(context.Device.Gpu);
+            var processContextFactory = new ArmProcessContextFactory(context.Device.System.CpuEngine, context.Device.Gpu);
 
             result = process.Initialize(
                 creationInfo,

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Audio/AudioRenderer/AudioRendererServer.cs

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Audio.AudioRenderer
             }
             else
             {
-                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.ServiceAudio, $"Error while processing renderer update: 0x{result}");
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.ServiceAudio, $"Error while processing renderer update: 0x{(int)result:X}");
             }
 
             return result;