Refactor CPU interface to allow the implementation of other CPU emulators (#3362)

* Refactor CPU interface

* Use IExecutionContext interface on SVC handler, change how CPU interrupts invokes the handlers

* Make CpuEngine take a ITickSource rather than returning one

The previous implementation had the scenario where the CPU engine had to implement the tick source in mind, like for example, when we have a hypervisor and the game can read CNTPCT on the host directly. However given that we need to do conversion due to different frequencies anyway, it's not worth it. It's better to just let the user pass the tick source and redirect any reads to CNTPCT to the user tick source

* XML docs for the public interfaces

* PPTC invalidation due to NativeInterface function name changes

* Fix build of the CPU tests

* PR feedback

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ jobs:
           popd
 
           pushd publish_windows_ava
-          7z a ../release_output/ava-ryujinx-${{ steps.version_info.outputs.build_version }}-win_x64.zip publish
+          7z a ../release_output/test-ava-ryujinx-${{ steps.version_info.outputs.build_version }}-win_x64.zip publish
           popd
         shell: bash
 
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ jobs:
           popd
 
           pushd publish_linux_ava
-          tar -czvf ../release_output/ava-ryujinx-${{ steps.version_info.outputs.build_version }}-linux_x64.tar.gz publish
+          tar -czvf ../release_output/test-ava-ryujinx-${{ steps.version_info.outputs.build_version }}-linux_x64.tar.gz publish
           popd
         shell: bash
 
@@ -94,15 +94,12 @@ jobs:
         uses: ncipollo/release-action@v1
         with:
           name: ${{ steps.version_info.outputs.build_version }}
-          # IMPORTANT NOTE: DO NOT SIMPLIFY THIS, ORDER MAY BE IMPORTANT FOR BUILD PRIOR TO 1.1.122
-          artifacts: "release_output/ryujinx-*.tar.gz,release_output/ryujinx-*.zip,release_output/sdl2-ryujinx-headless-*.tar.gz,release_output/sdl2-ryujinx-headless-*.zip,release_output/ava-ryujinx-*.tar.gz,release_output/ava-ryujinx-*.zip"
+          artifacts: "release_output/*.tar.gz,release_output/*.zip"
           tag: ${{ steps.version_info.outputs.build_version }}
           body: "For more informations about this release please check out the official [Changelog](https://github.com/Ryujinx/Ryujinx/wiki/Changelog)."
           allowUpdates: true
           removeArtifacts: true
           replacesArtifacts: true
-          # TEMP
-          prerelease: true
           owner: ${{ env.RYUJINX_TARGET_RELEASE_CHANNEL_OWNER }}
           repo: ${{ env.RYUJINX_TARGET_RELEASE_CHANNEL_REPO }}
           token: ${{ secrets.RELEASE_TOKEN }}

ARMeilleure/Instructions/InstEmitSystem.cs

@@ -33,13 +33,13 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
 
             switch (GetPackedId(op))
             {
-                case 0b11_011_0000_0000_001: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetCtrEl0));    break;
-                case 0b11_011_0000_0000_111: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetDczidEl0));  break;
-                case 0b11_011_0100_0010_000: EmitGetNzcv(context);                                                           return;
-                case 0b11_011_0100_0100_000: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetFpcr));      break;
-                case 0b11_011_0100_0100_001: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetFpsr));      break;
-                case 0b11_011_1101_0000_010: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetTpidrEl0));  break;
-                case 0b11_011_1101_0000_011: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetTpidr));     break;
+                case 0b11_011_0000_0000_001: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetCtrEl0)); break;
+                case 0b11_011_0000_0000_111: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetDczidEl0)); break;
+                case 0b11_011_0100_0010_000: EmitGetNzcv(context); return;
+                case 0b11_011_0100_0100_000: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetFpcr)); break;
+                case 0b11_011_0100_0100_001: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetFpsr)); break;
+                case 0b11_011_1101_0000_010: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetTpidrEl0)); break;
+                case 0b11_011_1101_0000_011: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetTpidrroEl0)); break;
                 case 0b11_011_1110_0000_000: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetCntfrqEl0)); break;
                 case 0b11_011_1110_0000_001: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetCntpctEl0)); break;
                 case 0b11_011_1110_0000_010: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetCntvctEl0)); break;

ARMeilleure/Instructions/NativeInterface.cs

@@ -107,14 +107,14 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
             return (uint)GetContext().TpidrEl0;
         }
 
-        public static ulong GetTpidr()
+        public static ulong GetTpidrroEl0()
         {
-            return (ulong)GetContext().Tpidr;
+            return (ulong)GetContext().TpidrroEl0;
         }
 
         public static uint GetTpidr32()
         {
-            return (uint)GetContext().Tpidr;
+            return (uint)GetContext().TpidrroEl0;
         }
 
         public static ulong GetCntfrqEl0()

ARMeilleure/State/ExceptionCallback.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+namespace ARMeilleure.State
+{
+    public delegate void ExceptionCallbackNoArgs(ExecutionContext context);
+    public delegate void ExceptionCallback(ExecutionContext context, ulong address, int id);
+}

ARMeilleure/State/ExecutionContext.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 using ARMeilleure.Memory;
 using System;
-using System.Diagnostics;
 
 namespace ARMeilleure.State
 {
@@ -14,34 +13,22 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.State
 
         private bool _interrupted;
 
-        private static Stopwatch _tickCounter;
+        private readonly ICounter _counter;
 
-        private static double _hostTickFreq;
+        public ulong Pc => _nativeContext.GetPc();
 
-        public uint CtrEl0   => 0x8444c004;
+        public uint CtrEl0 => 0x8444c004;
         public uint DczidEl0 => 0x00000004;
 
-        public ulong CntfrqEl0 { get; set; }
-        public ulong CntpctEl0
-        {
-            get
-            {
-                double ticks = _tickCounter.ElapsedTicks * _hostTickFreq;
-
-                return (ulong)(ticks * CntfrqEl0);
-            }
-        }
+        public ulong CntfrqEl0 => _counter.Frequency;
+        public ulong CntpctEl0 => _counter.Counter;
 
         // CNTVCT_EL0 = CNTPCT_EL0 - CNTVOFF_EL2
         // Since EL2 isn't implemented, CNTVOFF_EL2 = 0
         public ulong CntvctEl0 => CntpctEl0;
 
-        public static TimeSpan ElapsedTime => _tickCounter.Elapsed;
-        public static long ElapsedTicks => _tickCounter.ElapsedTicks;
-        public static double TickFrequency => _hostTickFreq;
-
         public long TpidrEl0 { get; set; }
-        public long Tpidr    { get; set; }
+        public long TpidrroEl0 { get; set; }
 
         public uint Pstate
         {
@@ -78,35 +65,38 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.State
             private set => _nativeContext.SetRunning(value);
         }
 
-        public event EventHandler<EventArgs>              Interrupt;
-        public event EventHandler<InstExceptionEventArgs> Break;
-        public event EventHandler<InstExceptionEventArgs> SupervisorCall;
-        public event EventHandler<InstUndefinedEventArgs> Undefined;
+        private readonly ExceptionCallbackNoArgs _interruptCallback;
+        private readonly ExceptionCallback _breakCallback;
+        private readonly ExceptionCallback _supervisorCallback;
+        private readonly ExceptionCallback _undefinedCallback;
 
-        static ExecutionContext()
-        {
-            _hostTickFreq = 1.0 / Stopwatch.Frequency;
-
-            _tickCounter = new Stopwatch();
-            _tickCounter.Start();
-        }
-
-        public ExecutionContext(IJitMemoryAllocator allocator)
+        public ExecutionContext(
+            IJitMemoryAllocator allocator,
+            ICounter counter,
+            ExceptionCallbackNoArgs interruptCallback = null,
+            ExceptionCallback breakCallback = null,
+            ExceptionCallback supervisorCallback = null,
+            ExceptionCallback undefinedCallback = null)
         {
             _nativeContext = new NativeContext(allocator);
+            _counter = counter;
+            _interruptCallback = interruptCallback;
+            _breakCallback = breakCallback;
+            _supervisorCallback = supervisorCallback;
+            _undefinedCallback = undefinedCallback;
 
             Running = true;
 
             _nativeContext.SetCounter(MinCountForCheck);
         }
 
-        public ulong GetX(int index)              => _nativeContext.GetX(index);
-        public void  SetX(int index, ulong value) => _nativeContext.SetX(index, value);
+        public ulong GetX(int index) => _nativeContext.GetX(index);
+        public void SetX(int index, ulong value) => _nativeContext.SetX(index, value);
 
-        public V128 GetV(int index)             => _nativeContext.GetV(index);
+        public V128 GetV(int index) => _nativeContext.GetV(index);
         public void SetV(int index, V128 value) => _nativeContext.SetV(index, value);
 
-        public bool GetPstateFlag(PState flag)             => _nativeContext.GetPstateFlag(flag);
+        public bool GetPstateFlag(PState flag) => _nativeContext.GetPstateFlag(flag);
         public void SetPstateFlag(PState flag, bool value) => _nativeContext.SetPstateFlag(flag, value);
 
         public bool GetFPstateFlag(FPState flag) => _nativeContext.GetFPStateFlag(flag);
@@ -118,7 +108,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.State
             {
                 _interrupted = false;
 
-                Interrupt?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);
+                _interruptCallback?.Invoke(this);
             }
 
             _nativeContext.SetCounter(MinCountForCheck);
@@ -131,17 +121,17 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.State
 
         internal void OnBreak(ulong address, int imm)
         {
-            Break?.Invoke(this, new InstExceptionEventArgs(address, imm));
+            _breakCallback?.Invoke(this, address, imm);
         }
 
         internal void OnSupervisorCall(ulong address, int imm)
         {
-            SupervisorCall?.Invoke(this, new InstExceptionEventArgs(address, imm));
+            _supervisorCallback?.Invoke(this, address, imm);
         }
 
         internal void OnUndefined(ulong address, int opCode)
         {
-            Undefined?.Invoke(this, new InstUndefinedEventArgs(address, opCode));
+            _undefinedCallback?.Invoke(this, address, opCode);
         }
 
         public void StopRunning()
@@ -151,16 +141,6 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.State
             _nativeContext.SetCounter(0);
         }
 
-        public static void SuspendCounter()
-        {
-            _tickCounter.Stop();
-        }
-
-        public static void ResumeCounter()
-        {
-            _tickCounter.Start();
-        }
-
         public void Dispose()
         {
             _nativeContext.Dispose();

ARMeilleure/State/ICounter.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+namespace ARMeilleure.State
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// CPU Counter interface.
+    /// </summary>
+    public interface ICounter
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Counter frequency in Hertz.
+        /// </summary>
+        ulong Frequency { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Current counter value.
+        /// </summary>
+        ulong Counter { get; }
+    }
+}

ARMeilleure/State/InstExceptionEventArgs.cs

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-
-namespace ARMeilleure.State
-{
-    public class InstExceptionEventArgs : EventArgs
-    {
-        public ulong Address { get; }
-        public int   Id      { get; }
-
-        public InstExceptionEventArgs(ulong address, int id)
-        {
-            Address = address;
-            Id      = id;
-        }
-    }
-}

ARMeilleure/State/InstUndefinedEventArgs.cs

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-
-namespace ARMeilleure.State
-{
-    public class InstUndefinedEventArgs : EventArgs
-    {
-        public ulong Address { get; }
-        public int   OpCode  { get; }
-
-        public InstUndefinedEventArgs(ulong address, int opCode)
-        {
-            Address = address;
-            OpCode  = opCode;
-        }
-    }
-}

ARMeilleure/State/NativeContext.cs

@@ -34,6 +34,12 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.State
             GetStorage().ExclusiveAddress = ulong.MaxValue;
         }
 
+        public ulong GetPc()
+        {
+            // TODO: More precise tracking of PC value.
+            return GetStorage().DispatchAddress;
+        }
+
         public unsafe ulong GetX(int index)
         {
             if ((uint)index >= RegisterConsts.IntRegsCount)

ARMeilleure/Translation/Delegates.cs

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetFpsr)));
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetFunctionAddress)));
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.InvalidateCacheLine)));
-            SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetTpidr)));
+            SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetTpidrroEl0)));
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetTpidr32))); // A32 only.
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetTpidrEl0)));
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.GetTpidrEl032))); // A32 only.

ARMeilleure/Translation/PTC/Ptc.cs

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
         private const string OuterHeaderMagicString = "PTCohd\0\0";
         private const string InnerHeaderMagicString = "PTCihd\0\0";
 
-        private const uint InternalVersion = 3267; //! To be incremented manually for each change to the ARMeilleure project.
+        private const uint InternalVersion = 3362; //! To be incremented manually for each change to the ARMeilleure project.
 
         private const string ActualDir = "0";
         private const string BackupDir = "1";

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/AudioRenderSystem.cs

@@ -523,9 +523,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
 
         private ulong GetSystemTicks()
         {
-            double ticks = ARMeilleure.State.ExecutionContext.ElapsedTicks * ARMeilleure.State.ExecutionContext.TickFrequency;
-
-            return (ulong)(ticks * Constants.TargetTimerFrequency);
+            return (ulong)(_manager.TickSource.ElapsedSeconds * Constants.TargetTimerFrequency);
         }
 
         private uint ComputeVoiceDrop(CommandBuffer commandBuffer, long voicesEstimatedTime, long deltaTimeDsp)

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/AudioRendererManager.cs

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Audio.Integration;
 using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp;
 using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Parameter;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
 using Ryujinx.Memory;
 using System;
 using System.Diagnostics;
@@ -77,6 +78,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
         /// </summary>
         private IHardwareDeviceDriver _deviceDriver;
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Tick source used to measure elapsed time.
+        /// </summary>
+        public ITickSource TickSource { get; }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// The <see cref="AudioProcessor"/> instance associated to this manager.
         /// </summary>
@@ -90,9 +96,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
         /// <summary>
         /// Create a new <see cref="AudioRendererManager"/>.
         /// </summary>
-        public AudioRendererManager()
+        /// <param name="tickSource">Tick source used to measure elapsed time.</param>
+        public AudioRendererManager(ITickSource tickSource)
         {
             Processor = new AudioProcessor();
+            TickSource = tickSource;
             _sessionIds = new int[Constants.AudioRendererSessionCountMax];
             _sessions = new AudioRenderSystem[Constants.AudioRendererSessionCountMax];
             _activeSessionCount = 0;

Ryujinx.Ava/AppHost.cs

@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
         {
             if (_renderer != null)
             {
-                double scale = Program.WindowScaleFactor;
+                double scale = _parent.PlatformImpl.RenderScaling;
                 _renderer.Window.SetSize((int)(size.Width * scale), (int)(size.Height * scale));
             }
         }
@@ -809,7 +809,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
             Width = (int)Renderer.Bounds.Width;
             Height = (int)Renderer.Bounds.Height;
 
-            _renderer.Window.SetSize((int)(Width * Program.WindowScaleFactor), (int)(Height * Program.WindowScaleFactor));
+            _renderer.Window.SetSize((int)(Width * _parent.PlatformImpl.RenderScaling), (int)(Height * _parent.PlatformImpl.RenderScaling));
 
             Device.Gpu.Renderer.RunLoop(() =>
             {

Ryujinx.Ava/Modules/Updater/Updater.cs

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Modules
                         string assetState = (string)asset["state"];
                         string downloadURL = (string)asset["browser_download_url"];
 
-                        if (assetName.StartsWith("ava-ryujinx") && assetName.EndsWith(_platformExt))
+                        if (assetName.StartsWith("test-ava-ryujinx") && assetName.EndsWith(_platformExt))
                         {
                             _buildUrl = downloadURL;
 

Ryujinx.Ava/Program.cs

@@ -137,7 +137,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
             }
 
             // Make process DPI aware for proper window sizing on high-res screens.
-            ForceDpiAware.Windows();
             WindowScaleFactor = ForceDpiAware.GetWindowScaleFactor();
 
             // Delete backup files after updating.

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Controls/RendererControl.cs

@@ -73,10 +73,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Controls
         {
             SizeChanged?.Invoke(this, rect.Size);
 
-            RenderSize = rect.Size * Program.WindowScaleFactor;
+            if (!rect.IsEmpty)
+            {
+                RenderSize = rect.Size * VisualRoot.RenderScaling;
 
-            _glDrawOperation?.Dispose();
-            _glDrawOperation = new GlDrawOperation(this);
+                _glDrawOperation?.Dispose();
+                _glDrawOperation = new GlDrawOperation(this);
+            }
         }
 
         public override void Render(DrawingContext context)

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Windows/MainWindow.axaml.cs

@@ -123,10 +123,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Windows
                 CheckLaunchState();
             }
 
-            if (OperatingSystem.IsLinux())
-            {
-                Program.WindowScaleFactor = this.PlatformImpl.RenderScaling;
-            }
             _rendererWaitEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);
         }
 

Ryujinx.Cpu/ExceptionCallbacks.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Exception callback without any additional arguments.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="context">Context for the thread where the exception was triggered</param>
+    public delegate void ExceptionCallbackNoArgs(IExecutionContext context);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Exception callback.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="context">Context for the thread where the exception was triggered</param>
+    /// <param name="address">Address of the instruction that caused the exception</param>
+    /// <param name="imm">Immediate value of the instruction that caused the exception, or for undefined instruction, the instruction itself</param>
+    public delegate void ExceptionCallback(IExecutionContext context, ulong address, int imm);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Stores handlers for the various CPU exceptions.
+    /// </summary>
+    public struct ExceptionCallbacks
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Handler for CPU interrupts triggered using <see cref="IExecutionContext.RequestInterrupt"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        public readonly ExceptionCallbackNoArgs InterruptCallback;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Handler for CPU software interrupts caused by the Arm BRK instruction.
+        /// </summary>
+        public readonly ExceptionCallback BreakCallback;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Handler for CPU software interrupts caused by the Arm SVC instruction.
+        /// </summary>
+        public readonly ExceptionCallback SupervisorCallback;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Handler for CPU software interrupts caused by any undefined Arm instruction.
+        /// </summary>
+        public readonly ExceptionCallback UndefinedCallback;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new exception callbacks structure.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// All handlers are optional, and if null, the CPU will just continue executing as if nothing happened.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="interruptCallback">Handler for CPU interrupts triggered using <see cref="IExecutionContext.RequestInterrupt"/></param>
+        /// <param name="breakCallback">Handler for CPU software interrupts caused by the Arm BRK instruction</param>
+        /// <param name="supervisorCallback">Handler for CPU software interrupts caused by the Arm SVC instruction</param>
+        /// <param name="undefinedCallback">Handler for CPU software interrupts caused by any undefined Arm instruction</param>
+        public ExceptionCallbacks(
+            ExceptionCallbackNoArgs interruptCallback = null,
+            ExceptionCallback breakCallback = null,
+            ExceptionCallback supervisorCallback = null,
+            ExceptionCallback undefinedCallback = null)
+        {
+            InterruptCallback = interruptCallback;
+            BreakCallback = breakCallback;
+            SupervisorCallback = supervisorCallback;
+            UndefinedCallback = undefinedCallback;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/ICpuContext.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// CPU context interface.
+    /// </summary>
+    public interface ICpuContext
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new execution context that will store thread CPU register state when executing guest code.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="exceptionCallbacks">Optional functions to be called when the CPU receives an interrupt</param>
+        /// <returns>Execution context</returns>
+        IExecutionContext CreateExecutionContext(ExceptionCallbacks exceptionCallbacks);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Starts executing code at a specified entry point address.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This function only returns when the execution is stopped, by calling <see cref="IExecutionContext.StopRunning"/>.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="context">Execution context to be used for this run</param>
+        /// <param name="address">Entry point address</param>
+        void Execute(IExecutionContext context, ulong address);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Invalidates the instruction cache for a given memory region.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This should be called if code is modified to make the CPU emulator aware of the modifications,
+        /// otherwise it might run stale code which will lead to errors and crashes.
+        /// Calling this function is not necessary if the code memory was modified by guest code,
+        /// as the expectation is that it will do it on its own using the appropriate cache invalidation instructions,
+        /// except on Arm32 where those instructions can't be used in unprivileged mode.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="address">Address of the region to be invalidated</param>
+        /// <param name="size">Size of the region to be invalidated</param>
+        void InvalidateCacheRegion(ulong address, ulong size);
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/ICpuEngine.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+using ARMeilleure.Memory;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// CPU execution engine interface.
+    /// </summary>
+    public interface ICpuEngine
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new CPU context that can be used to run code for multiple threads sharing an address space.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="memoryManager">Memory manager for the address space of the context</param>
+        /// <param name="for64Bit">Indicates if the context will be used to run 64-bit or 32-bit Arm code</param>
+        /// <returns>CPU context</returns>
+        ICpuContext CreateCpuContext(IMemoryManager memoryManager, bool for64Bit);
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/IExecutionContext.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+using ARMeilleure.State;
+using System;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// CPU register state interface.
+    /// </summary>
+    public interface IExecutionContext : IDisposable
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Current Program Counter.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// In some implementations, this value might not be accurate and might not point to the last instruction executed.
+        /// </remarks>
+        ulong Pc { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Thread ID Register (EL0).
+        /// </summary>
+        long TpidrEl0 { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Thread ID Register (read-only) (EL0).
+        /// </summary>
+        long TpidrroEl0 { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Processor State register.
+        /// </summary>
+        uint Pstate { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Floating-point Control Register.
+        /// </summary>
+        uint Fpcr { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Floating-point Status Register.
+        /// </summary>
+        uint Fpsr { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Indicates whenever the CPU is running 64-bit (AArch64 mode) or 32-bit (AArch32 mode) code.
+        /// </summary>
+        bool IsAarch32 { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Indicates whenever the CPU is still running code.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// Even if this is false, the guest code might be still exiting.
+        /// One must not assume that the code is no longer running from this property alone.
+        /// </remarks>
+        bool Running { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the value of a general purpose register.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// The special <paramref name="index"/> of 31 can be used to access the SP (Stack Pointer) register.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="index">Index of the register, in the range 0-31 (inclusive)</param>
+        /// <returns>The register value</returns>
+        ulong GetX(int index);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the value of a general purpose register.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// The special <paramref name="index"/> of 31 can be used to access the SP (Stack Pointer) register.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="index">Index of the register, in the range 0-31 (inclusive)</param>
+        /// <param name="value">Value to be set</param>
+        void SetX(int index, ulong value);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the value of a FP/SIMD register.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="index">Index of the register, in the range 0-31 (inclusive)</param>
+        /// <returns>The register value</returns>
+        V128 GetV(int index);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the value of a FP/SIMD register.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="index">Index of the register, in the range 0-31 (inclusive)</param>
+        /// <param name="value">Value to be set</param>
+        void SetV(int index, V128 value);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Requests the thread to stop running temporarily and call <see cref="ExceptionCallbacks.InterruptCallback"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// The thread might not pause immediately.
+        /// One must not assume that guest code is no longer being executed by the thread after calling this function.
+        /// </remarks>
+        void RequestInterrupt();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Requests the thread to stop running guest code and return as soon as possible.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// The thread might not stop immediately.
+        /// One must not assume that guest code is no longer being executed by the thread after calling this function.
+        /// After a thread has been stopped, it can't be restarted with the same <see cref="IExecutionContext"/>.
+        /// If you only need to pause the thread temporarily, use <see cref="RequestInterrupt"/> instead.
+        /// </remarks>
+        void StopRunning();
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/ITickSource.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+using ARMeilleure.State;
+using System;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Tick source interface.
+    /// </summary>
+    public interface ITickSource : ICounter
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Time elapsed since the counter was created.
+        /// </summary>
+        TimeSpan ElapsedTime { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Time elapsed since the counter was created, in seconds.
+        /// </summary>
+        double ElapsedSeconds { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Stops counting.
+        /// </summary>
+        void Suspend();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Resumes counting after a call to <see cref="Suspend"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        void Resume();
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/Jit/JitCpuContext.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+using ARMeilleure.Memory;
+using ARMeilleure.Translation;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit
+{
+    class JitCpuContext : ICpuContext
+    {
+        private readonly ITickSource _tickSource;
+        private readonly Translator _translator;
+
+        public JitCpuContext(ITickSource tickSource, IMemoryManager memory, bool for64Bit)
+        {
+            _tickSource = tickSource;
+            _translator = new Translator(new JitMemoryAllocator(), memory, for64Bit);
+            memory.UnmapEvent += UnmapHandler;
+        }
+
+        private void UnmapHandler(ulong address, ulong size)
+        {
+            _translator.InvalidateJitCacheRegion(address, size);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public IExecutionContext CreateExecutionContext(ExceptionCallbacks exceptionCallbacks)
+        {
+            return new JitExecutionContext(new JitMemoryAllocator(), _tickSource, exceptionCallbacks);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void Execute(IExecutionContext context, ulong address)
+        {
+            _translator.Execute(((JitExecutionContext)context).Impl, address);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void InvalidateCacheRegion(ulong address, ulong size)
+        {
+            _translator.InvalidateJitCacheRegion(address, size);
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/Jit/JitEngine.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+using ARMeilleure.Memory;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit
+{
+    public class JitEngine : ICpuEngine
+    {
+        private readonly ITickSource _tickSource;
+
+        public JitEngine(ITickSource tickSource)
+        {
+            _tickSource = tickSource;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public ICpuContext CreateCpuContext(IMemoryManager memoryManager, bool for64Bit)
+        {
+            return new JitCpuContext(_tickSource, memoryManager, for64Bit);
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/Jit/JitExecutionContext.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+using ARMeilleure.Memory;
+using ARMeilleure.State;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit
+{
+    class JitExecutionContext : IExecutionContext
+    {
+        private readonly ExecutionContext _impl;
+        internal ExecutionContext Impl => _impl;
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public ulong Pc => _impl.Pc;
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public long TpidrEl0
+        {
+            get => _impl.TpidrEl0;
+            set => _impl.TpidrEl0 = value;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public long TpidrroEl0
+        {
+            get => _impl.TpidrroEl0;
+            set => _impl.TpidrroEl0 = value;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public uint Pstate
+        {
+            get => _impl.Pstate;
+            set => _impl.Pstate = value;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public uint Fpcr
+        {
+            get => (uint)_impl.Fpcr;
+            set => _impl.Fpcr = (FPCR)value;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public uint Fpsr
+        {
+            get => (uint)_impl.Fpsr;
+            set => _impl.Fpsr = (FPSR)value;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public bool IsAarch32
+        {
+            get => _impl.IsAarch32;
+            set => _impl.IsAarch32 = value;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public bool Running => _impl.Running;
+
+        private readonly ExceptionCallbacks _exceptionCallbacks;
+
+        public JitExecutionContext(IJitMemoryAllocator allocator, ICounter counter, ExceptionCallbacks exceptionCallbacks)
+        {
+            _impl = new ExecutionContext(
+                allocator,
+                counter,
+                InterruptHandler,
+                BreakHandler,
+                SupervisorCallHandler,
+                UndefinedHandler);
+
+            _exceptionCallbacks = exceptionCallbacks;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public ulong GetX(int index) => _impl.GetX(index);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void SetX(int index, ulong value) => _impl.SetX(index, value);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public V128 GetV(int index) => _impl.GetV(index);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void SetV(int index, V128 value) => _impl.SetV(index, value);
+
+        private void InterruptHandler(ExecutionContext context)
+        {
+            _exceptionCallbacks.InterruptCallback?.Invoke(this);
+        }
+
+        private void BreakHandler(ExecutionContext context, ulong address, int imm)
+        {
+            _exceptionCallbacks.BreakCallback?.Invoke(this, address, imm);
+        }
+
+        private void SupervisorCallHandler(ExecutionContext context, ulong address, int imm)
+        {
+            _exceptionCallbacks.SupervisorCallback?.Invoke(this, address, imm);
+        }
+
+        private void UndefinedHandler(ExecutionContext context, ulong address, int opCode)
+        {
+            _exceptionCallbacks.UndefinedCallback?.Invoke(this, address, opCode);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void RequestInterrupt()
+        {
+            _impl.RequestInterrupt();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void StopRunning()
+        {
+            _impl.StopRunning();
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            _impl.Dispose();
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Cpu/Jit/JitMemoryAllocator.cs

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 using ARMeilleure.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Memory;
 
-namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit
 {
-    class JitMemoryAllocator : IJitMemoryAllocator
+    public class JitMemoryAllocator : IJitMemoryAllocator
     {
         public IJitMemoryBlock Allocate(ulong size) => new JitMemoryBlock(size, MemoryAllocationFlags.None);
         public IJitMemoryBlock Reserve(ulong size) => new JitMemoryBlock(size, MemoryAllocationFlags.Reserve);

Ryujinx.Cpu/Jit/JitMemoryBlock.cs

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 using Ryujinx.Memory;
 using System;
 
-namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit
 {
-    class JitMemoryBlock : IJitMemoryBlock
+    public class JitMemoryBlock : IJitMemoryBlock
     {
         private readonly MemoryBlock _impl;
 

Ryujinx.Cpu/Jit/MemoryManager.cs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Threading;
 
-namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// Represents a CPU memory manager.

Ryujinx.Cpu/Jit/MemoryManagerHostMapped.cs

@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@ using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Threading;
 
-namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// Represents a CPU memory manager which maps guest virtual memory directly onto a host virtual region.
     /// </summary>
-    public class MemoryManagerHostMapped : MemoryManagerBase, IMemoryManager, IVirtualMemoryManagerTracked, IWritableBlock
+    public sealed class MemoryManagerHostMapped : MemoryManagerBase, IMemoryManager, IVirtualMemoryManagerTracked, IWritableBlock
     {
         public const int PageBits = 12;
         public const int PageSize = 1 << PageBits;

Ryujinx.Cpu/TickSource.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
+{
+    public class TickSource : ITickSource
+    {
+        private static Stopwatch _tickCounter;
+
+        private static double _hostTickFreq;
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public ulong Frequency { get; }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public ulong Counter => (ulong)(ElapsedSeconds * Frequency);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public TimeSpan ElapsedTime => _tickCounter.Elapsed;
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public double ElapsedSeconds => _tickCounter.ElapsedTicks * _hostTickFreq;
+
+        public TickSource(ulong frequency)
+        {
+            Frequency = frequency;
+            _hostTickFreq = 1.0 / Stopwatch.Frequency;
+
+            _tickCounter = new Stopwatch();
+            _tickCounter.Start();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void Suspend()
+        {
+            _tickCounter.Stop();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void Resume()
+        {
+            _tickCounter.Start();
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/ApplicationLoader.cs

@@ -280,13 +280,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
                 return;
             }
 
-            if (mainNca == null)
-            {
-                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, "Unable to load NSP: Could not find Main NCA");
-
-                return;
-            }
-
             if (mainNca != null)
             {
                 _device.Configuration.ContentManager.ClearAocData();
@@ -298,7 +291,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
             }
 
             // This is not a normal NSP, it's actually a ExeFS as a NSP
-            LoadExeFs(nsp);
+            LoadExeFs(nsp, null, isHomebrew: true);
         }
 
         public void LoadNca(string ncaFile)
@@ -593,7 +586,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
             }
         }
 
-        private void LoadExeFs(IFileSystem codeFs, MetaLoader metaData = null)
+        private void LoadExeFs(IFileSystem codeFs, MetaLoader metaData = null, bool isHomebrew = false)
         {
             if (_device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.ReplaceExefsPartition(TitleId, ref codeFs))
             {
@@ -661,7 +654,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
             Ptc.Initialize(TitleIdText, DisplayVersion, usePtc, memoryManagerMode);
 
             // We allow it for nx-hbloader because it can be used to launch homebrew.
-            bool allowCodeMemoryForJit = TitleId == 0x010000000000100DUL;
+            bool allowCodeMemoryForJit = TitleId == 0x010000000000100DUL || isHomebrew;
 
             metaData.GetNpdm(out Npdm npdm).ThrowIfFailure();
             ProgramInfo programInfo = new ProgramInfo(in npdm, allowCodeMemoryForJit);

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/ArmProcessContext.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 using ARMeilleure.Memory;
-using ARMeilleure.State;
 using Ryujinx.Cpu;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Process;
@@ -11,12 +10,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
     {
         private readonly ulong _pid;
         private readonly GpuContext _gpuContext;
-        private readonly CpuContext _cpuContext;
+        private readonly ICpuContext _cpuContext;
         private T _memoryManager;
 
         public IVirtualMemoryManager AddressSpace => _memoryManager;
 
-        public ArmProcessContext(ulong pid, GpuContext gpuContext, T memoryManager, bool for64Bit)
+        public ArmProcessContext(ulong pid, ICpuEngine cpuEngine, GpuContext gpuContext, T memoryManager, bool for64Bit)
         {
             if (memoryManager is IRefCounted rc)
             {
@@ -27,11 +26,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
 
             _pid = pid;
             _gpuContext = gpuContext;
-            _cpuContext = new CpuContext(memoryManager, for64Bit);
+            _cpuContext = cpuEngine.CreateCpuContext(memoryManager, for64Bit);
             _memoryManager = memoryManager;
         }
 
-        public void Execute(ExecutionContext context, ulong codeAddress)
+        public IExecutionContext CreateExecutionContext(ExceptionCallbacks exceptionCallbacks)
+        {
+            return _cpuContext.CreateExecutionContext(exceptionCallbacks);
+        }
+
+        public void Execute(IExecutionContext context, ulong codeAddress)
         {
             _cpuContext.Execute(context, codeAddress);
         }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/ArmProcessContextFactory.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration;
 using Ryujinx.Cpu;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Process;
@@ -10,10 +11,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
 {
     class ArmProcessContextFactory : IProcessContextFactory
     {
+        private readonly ICpuEngine _cpuEngine;
         private readonly GpuContext _gpu;
 
-        public ArmProcessContextFactory(GpuContext gpu)
+        public ArmProcessContextFactory(ICpuEngine cpuEngine, GpuContext gpu)
         {
+            _cpuEngine = cpuEngine;
             _gpu = gpu;
         }
 
@@ -29,12 +32,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
             switch (mode)
             {
                 case MemoryManagerMode.SoftwarePageTable:
-                    return new ArmProcessContext<MemoryManager>(pid, _gpu, new MemoryManager(context.Memory, addressSpaceSize, invalidAccessHandler), for64Bit);
+                    var memoryManager = new MemoryManager(context.Memory, addressSpaceSize, invalidAccessHandler);
+                    return new ArmProcessContext<MemoryManager>(pid, _cpuEngine, _gpu, memoryManager, for64Bit);
 
                 case MemoryManagerMode.HostMapped:
                 case MemoryManagerMode.HostMappedUnsafe:
                     bool unsafeMode = mode == MemoryManagerMode.HostMappedUnsafe;
-                    return new ArmProcessContext<MemoryManagerHostMapped>(pid, _gpu, new MemoryManagerHostMapped(context.Memory, addressSpaceSize, unsafeMode, invalidAccessHandler), for64Bit);
+                    var memoryManagerHostMapped = new MemoryManagerHostMapped(context.Memory, addressSpaceSize, unsafeMode, invalidAccessHandler);
+                    return new ArmProcessContext<MemoryManagerHostMapped>(pid, _cpuEngine, _gpu, memoryManagerHostMapped, for64Bit);
 
                 default:
                     throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Horizon.cs

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ using Ryujinx.Audio.Integration;
 using Ryujinx.Audio.Output;
 using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Device;
 using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory;
@@ -57,6 +59,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
 
         internal Switch Device { get; private set; }
 
+        internal ITickSource TickSource { get; }
+        internal ICpuEngine CpuEngine { get; }
+
         internal SurfaceFlinger SurfaceFlinger { get; private set; }
         internal AudioManager AudioManager { get; private set; }
         internal AudioOutputManager AudioOutputManager { get; private set; }
@@ -121,7 +126,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
 
         public Horizon(Switch device)
         {
+            TickSource = new TickSource(KernelConstants.CounterFrequency);
+            CpuEngine = new JitEngine(TickSource);
+
             KernelContext = new KernelContext(
+                TickSource,
                 device,
                 device.Memory,
                 device.Configuration.MemoryConfiguration.ToKernelMemorySize(),
@@ -215,40 +224,40 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
             internalOffset = new TimeSpanType(-internalOffset.NanoSeconds);
 
             // First init the standard steady clock
-            TimeServiceManager.Instance.SetupStandardSteadyClock(null, clockSourceId, systemTime, internalOffset, TimeSpanType.Zero, false);
-            TimeServiceManager.Instance.SetupStandardLocalSystemClock(null, new SystemClockContext(), systemTime.ToSeconds());
+            TimeServiceManager.Instance.SetupStandardSteadyClock(TickSource, clockSourceId, systemTime, internalOffset, TimeSpanType.Zero, false);
+            TimeServiceManager.Instance.SetupStandardLocalSystemClock(TickSource, new SystemClockContext(), systemTime.ToSeconds());
 
             if (NxSettings.Settings.TryGetValue("time!standard_network_clock_sufficient_accuracy_minutes", out object standardNetworkClockSufficientAccuracyMinutes))
             {
                 TimeSpanType standardNetworkClockSufficientAccuracy = new TimeSpanType((int)standardNetworkClockSufficientAccuracyMinutes * 60000000000);
 
                 // The network system clock needs a valid system clock, as such we setup this system clock using the local system clock.
-                TimeServiceManager.Instance.StandardLocalSystemClock.GetClockContext(null, out SystemClockContext localSytemClockContext);
+                TimeServiceManager.Instance.StandardLocalSystemClock.GetClockContext(TickSource, out SystemClockContext localSytemClockContext);
                 TimeServiceManager.Instance.SetupStandardNetworkSystemClock(localSytemClockContext, standardNetworkClockSufficientAccuracy);
             }
 
-            TimeServiceManager.Instance.SetupStandardUserSystemClock(null, false, SteadyClockTimePoint.GetRandom());
+            TimeServiceManager.Instance.SetupStandardUserSystemClock(TickSource, false, SteadyClockTimePoint.GetRandom());
 
             // FIXME: TimeZone should be init here but it's actually done in ContentManager
 
             TimeServiceManager.Instance.SetupEphemeralNetworkSystemClock();
 
-            DatabaseImpl.Instance.InitializeDatabase(LibHacHorizonManager.SdbClient);
+            DatabaseImpl.Instance.InitializeDatabase(TickSource, LibHacHorizonManager.SdbClient);
 
             HostSyncpoint = new NvHostSyncpt(device);
 
             SurfaceFlinger = new SurfaceFlinger(device);
 
-            InitializeAudioRenderer();
+            InitializeAudioRenderer(TickSource);
             InitializeServices();
         }
 
-        private void InitializeAudioRenderer()
+        private void InitializeAudioRenderer(ITickSource tickSource)
         {
             AudioManager = new AudioManager();
             AudioOutputManager = new AudioOutputManager();
             AudioInputManager = new AudioInputManager();
-            AudioRendererManager = new AudioRendererManager();
+            AudioRendererManager = new AudioRendererManager(tickSource);
             AudioRendererManager.SetVolume(Device.Configuration.AudioVolume);
             AudioDeviceSessionRegistry = new VirtualDeviceSessionRegistry();
 
@@ -492,12 +501,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
                 if (pause && !IsPaused)
                 {
                     Device.AudioDeviceDriver.GetPauseEvent().Reset();
-                    ARMeilleure.State.ExecutionContext.SuspendCounter();
+                    TickSource.Suspend();
                 }
                 else if (!pause && IsPaused)
                 {
                     Device.AudioDeviceDriver.GetPauseEvent().Set();
-                    ARMeilleure.State.ExecutionContext.ResumeCounter();
+                    TickSource.Resume();
                 }
             }
             IsPaused = pause;

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/KernelConstants.cs

@@ -12,5 +12,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel
         public const ulong UserSlabHeapBase = DramMemoryMap.SlabHeapBase;
         public const ulong UserSlabHeapItemSize = KPageTableBase.PageSize;
         public const ulong UserSlabHeapSize = 0x3de000;
+
+        public const ulong CounterFrequency = 19200000;
     }
 }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/KernelContext.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Common;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Common;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Process;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall;
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel
 
         public Switch Device { get; }
         public MemoryBlock Memory { get; }
+        public ITickSource TickSource { get; }
         public Syscall Syscall { get; }
         public SyscallHandler SyscallHandler { get; }
 
@@ -52,11 +54,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel
         private ulong _threadUid;
 
         public KernelContext(
+            ITickSource tickSource,
             Switch device,
             MemoryBlock memory,
             MemorySize memorySize,
             MemoryArrange memoryArrange)
         {
+            TickSource = tickSource;
             Device = device;
             Memory = memory;
 

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/Process/HleProcessDebugger.cs

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Process
 
             string GetReg(int x)
             {
-                var v = x == 32 ? (ulong)thread.LastPc : context.GetX(x);
+                var v = x == 32 ? context.Pc : context.GetX(x);
                 if (!AnalyzePointer(out PointerInfo info, v, thread))
                 {
                     return $"0x{v:x16}";

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/Process/IProcessContext.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using ARMeilleure.State;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
 using Ryujinx.Memory;
 using System;
 
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Process
     {
         IVirtualMemoryManager AddressSpace { get; }
 
-        void Execute(ExecutionContext context, ulong codeAddress);
+        IExecutionContext CreateExecutionContext(ExceptionCallbacks exceptionCallbacks);
+        void Execute(IExecutionContext context, ulong codeAddress);
         void InvalidateCacheRegion(ulong address, ulong size);
     }
 }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/Process/KProcess.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-using ARMeilleure.State;
 using Ryujinx.Common;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using Ryujinx.Cpu;
@@ -744,14 +743,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Process
             }
         }
 
-        public void SubscribeThreadEventHandlers(ARMeilleure.State.ExecutionContext context)
+        public IExecutionContext CreateExecutionContext()
         {
-            context.Interrupt += InterruptHandler;
-            context.SupervisorCall += KernelContext.SyscallHandler.SvcCall;
-            context.Undefined += UndefinedInstructionHandler;
+            return Context?.CreateExecutionContext(new ExceptionCallbacks(
+                InterruptHandler,
+                null,
+                KernelContext.SyscallHandler.SvcCall,
+                UndefinedInstructionHandler));
         }
 
-        private void InterruptHandler(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        private void InterruptHandler(IExecutionContext context)
         {
             KThread currentThread = KernelStatic.GetCurrentThread();
 
@@ -1093,12 +1094,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Process
             return false;
         }
 
-        private void UndefinedInstructionHandler(object sender, InstUndefinedEventArgs e)
+        private void UndefinedInstructionHandler(IExecutionContext context, ulong address, int opCode)
         {
             KernelStatic.GetCurrentThread().PrintGuestStackTrace();
             KernelStatic.GetCurrentThread()?.PrintGuestRegisterPrintout();
 
-            throw new UndefinedInstructionException(e.Address, e.OpCode);
+            throw new UndefinedInstructionException(address, opCode);
         }
 
         protected override void Destroy() => Context.Dispose();

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/Process/ProcessContext.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using ARMeilleure.State;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
 using Ryujinx.Memory;
 using System;
 
@@ -13,7 +13,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Process
             AddressSpace = asManager;
         }
 
-        public void Execute(ExecutionContext context, ulong codeAddress)
+        public IExecutionContext CreateExecutionContext(ExceptionCallbacks exceptionCallbacks)
+        {
+            return new ProcessExecutionContext();
+        }
+
+        public void Execute(IExecutionContext context, ulong codeAddress)
         {
             throw new NotSupportedException();
         }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/Process/ProcessExecutionContext.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+using ARMeilleure.State;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Process
+{
+    class ProcessExecutionContext : IExecutionContext
+    {
+        public ulong Pc => 0UL;
+
+        public ulong CntfrqEl0 { get => 0; set { } }
+        public ulong CntpctEl0 => 0UL;
+
+        public long TpidrEl0 { get => 0; set { } }
+        public long TpidrroEl0 { get => 0; set { } }
+
+        public uint Pstate { get => 0; set { } }
+
+        public uint Fpcr { get => 0; set { } }
+        public uint Fpsr { get => 0; set { } }
+
+        public bool IsAarch32 { get => false; set { } }
+
+        public bool Running { get; private set; } = true;
+
+        public ulong GetX(int index) => 0UL;
+        public void SetX(int index, ulong value) { }
+
+        public V128 GetV(int index) => default;
+        public void SetV(int index, V128 value) { }
+
+        public void RequestInterrupt()
+        {
+        }
+
+        public void StopRunning()
+        {
+            Running = false;
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/SupervisorCall/Syscall.cs

@@ -1755,7 +1755,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
 
         public ulong GetSystemTick()
         {
-            return KernelStatic.GetCurrentThread().Context.CntpctEl0;
+            return _context.TickSource.Counter;
         }
 
         public void Break(ulong reason)

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/SupervisorCall/SyscallHandler.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using ARMeilleure.State;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading;
 using System;
 
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             _syscall64 = new Syscall64(context.Syscall);
         }
 
-        public void SvcCall(object sender, InstExceptionEventArgs e)
+        public void SvcCall(IExecutionContext context, ulong address, int id)
         {
             KThread currentThread = KernelStatic.GetCurrentThread();
 
@@ -34,26 +34,24 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
                 _context.CriticalSection.Leave();
             }
 
-            ExecutionContext context = (ExecutionContext)sender; 
-
             if (context.IsAarch32)
             {
-                var svcFunc = SyscallTable.SvcTable32[e.Id];
+                var svcFunc = SyscallTable.SvcTable32[id];
 
                 if (svcFunc == null)
                 {
-                    throw new NotImplementedException($"SVC 0x{e.Id:X4} is not implemented.");
+                    throw new NotImplementedException($"SVC 0x{id:X4} is not implemented.");
                 }
 
                 svcFunc(_syscall32, context);
             }
             else
             {
-                var svcFunc = SyscallTable.SvcTable64[e.Id];
+                var svcFunc = SyscallTable.SvcTable64[id];
 
                 if (svcFunc == null)
                 {
-                    throw new NotImplementedException($"SVC 0x{e.Id:X4} is not implemented.");
+                    throw new NotImplementedException($"SVC 0x{id:X4} is not implemented.");
                 }
 
                 svcFunc(_syscall64, context);

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/SupervisorCall/SyscallTable.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-using ARMeilleure.State;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Common;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
         private const int SvcFuncMaxArguments32 = 4;
         private const int SvcMax                = 0x80;
 
-        public static Action<Syscall32, ExecutionContext>[] SvcTable32 { get; }
-        public static Action<Syscall64, ExecutionContext>[] SvcTable64 { get; }
+        public static Action<Syscall32, IExecutionContext>[] SvcTable32 { get; }
+        public static Action<Syscall64, IExecutionContext>[] SvcTable64 { get; }
 
         static SyscallTable()
         {
-            SvcTable32 = new Action<Syscall32, ExecutionContext>[SvcMax];
-            SvcTable64 = new Action<Syscall64, ExecutionContext>[SvcMax];
+            SvcTable32 = new Action<Syscall32, IExecutionContext>[SvcMax];
+            SvcTable64 = new Action<Syscall64, IExecutionContext>[SvcMax];
 
             Dictionary<int, string> svcFuncs64 = new Dictionary<int, string>
             {
@@ -182,9 +182,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
             }
         }
 
-        private static Action<T, ExecutionContext> GenerateMethod<T>(string svcName, int registerCleanCount)
+        private static Action<T, IExecutionContext> GenerateMethod<T>(string svcName, int registerCleanCount)
         {
-            Type[] argTypes = new Type[] { typeof(T), typeof(ExecutionContext) };
+            Type[] argTypes = new Type[] { typeof(T), typeof(IExecutionContext) };
 
             DynamicMethod method = new DynamicMethod(svcName, null, argTypes);
 
@@ -292,9 +292,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
                     generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);
                     generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4, registerAttribute.Index);
 
-                    MethodInfo info = typeof(ExecutionContext).GetMethod(nameof(ExecutionContext.GetX));
+                    MethodInfo info = typeof(IExecutionContext).GetMethod(nameof(IExecutionContext.GetX));
 
-                    generator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, info);
+                    generator.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, info);
 
                     generator.Emit(OpCodes.Box, typeof(ulong));
 
@@ -339,9 +339,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
                         generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);
                         generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4, registerAttribute.Index);
 
-                        MethodInfo info = typeof(ExecutionContext).GetMethod(nameof(ExecutionContext.GetX));
+                        MethodInfo info = typeof(IExecutionContext).GetMethod(nameof(IExecutionContext.GetX));
 
-                        generator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, info);
+                        generator.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, info);
 
                         ConvertToArgType(argType);
 
@@ -355,9 +355,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
                     generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);
                     generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4, registerAttribute.Index);
 
-                    MethodInfo info = typeof(ExecutionContext).GetMethod(nameof(ExecutionContext.GetX));
+                    MethodInfo info = typeof(IExecutionContext).GetMethod(nameof(IExecutionContext.GetX));
 
-                    generator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, info);
+                    generator.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, info);
 
                     ConvertToArgType(argType);
                 }
@@ -393,9 +393,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
 
                 ConvertToFieldType(retType);
 
-                MethodInfo info = typeof(ExecutionContext).GetMethod(nameof(ExecutionContext.SetX));
+                MethodInfo info = typeof(IExecutionContext).GetMethod(nameof(IExecutionContext.SetX));
 
-                generator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, info);
+                generator.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, info);
 
                 registerInUse |= 1u << 0;
             }
@@ -415,9 +415,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
 
                 ConvertToFieldType(local.LocalType);
 
-                MethodInfo info = typeof(ExecutionContext).GetMethod(nameof(ExecutionContext.SetX));
+                MethodInfo info = typeof(IExecutionContext).GetMethod(nameof(IExecutionContext.SetX));
 
-                generator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, info);
+                generator.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, info);
 
                 registerInUse |= 1u << attribute.Index;
             }
@@ -434,14 +434,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
                 generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4, i);
                 generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I8, 0L);
 
-                MethodInfo info = typeof(ExecutionContext).GetMethod(nameof(ExecutionContext.SetX));
+                MethodInfo info = typeof(IExecutionContext).GetMethod(nameof(IExecutionContext.SetX));
 
-                generator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, info);
+                generator.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, info);
             }
 
             generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
 
-            return method.CreateDelegate<Action<T, ExecutionContext>>();
+            return method.CreateDelegate<Action<T, IExecutionContext>>();
         }
 
         private static void CheckIfTypeIsSupported(Type type, string svcName)

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/Threading/KThread.cs

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading
 
         public Thread HostThread { get; private set; }
 
-        public ARMeilleure.State.ExecutionContext Context { get; private set; }
+        public IExecutionContext Context { get; private set; }
 
         public KThreadContext ThreadContext { get; private set; }
 
@@ -115,9 +115,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading
 
         public bool WaitingInArbitration { get; set; }
 
-        public long LastPc { get; set; }
-
-        private object ActivityOperationLock = new object();
+        private object _activityOperationLock;
 
         public KThread(KernelContext context) : base(context)
         {
@@ -128,6 +126,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading
 
             _mutexWaiters = new LinkedList<KThread>();
             _pinnedWaiters = new LinkedList<KThread>();
+
+            _activityOperationLock = new object();
         }
 
         public KernelResult Initialize(
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading
 
             HostThread = new Thread(ThreadStart);
 
-            Context = CpuContext.CreateExecutionContext();
+            Context = owner?.CreateExecutionContext() ?? new ProcessExecutionContext();
 
             Context.IsAarch32 = !is64Bits;
 
@@ -208,8 +208,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading
                 Context.SetX(13, (uint)stackTop);
             }
 
-            Context.CntfrqEl0 = 19200000;
-            Context.Tpidr = (long)_tlsAddress;
+            Context.TpidrroEl0 = (long)_tlsAddress;
 
             ThreadUid = KernelContext.NewThreadUid();
 
@@ -221,7 +220,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading
 
             if (owner != null)
             {
-                owner.SubscribeThreadEventHandlers(Context);
                 owner.AddThread(this);
 
                 if (owner.IsPaused)
@@ -538,7 +536,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading
 
         public KernelResult SetActivity(bool pause)
         {
-            lock (ActivityOperationLock)
+            lock (_activityOperationLock)
             {
                 KernelResult result = KernelResult.Success;
 
@@ -634,7 +632,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading
         {
             context = default;
 
-            lock (ActivityOperationLock)
+            lock (_activityOperationLock)
             {
                 KernelContext.CriticalSection.Enter();
 
@@ -656,7 +654,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading
             return KernelResult.Success;
         }
 
-        private static uint GetPsr(ARMeilleure.State.ExecutionContext context)
+        private static uint GetPsr(IExecutionContext context)
         {
             return context.Pstate & 0xFF0FFE20;
         }
@@ -683,9 +681,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading
                 context.Fp = Context.GetX(29);
                 context.Lr = Context.GetX(30);
                 context.Sp = Context.GetX(31);
-                context.Pc = (ulong)LastPc;
+                context.Pc = Context.Pc;
                 context.Pstate = GetPsr(Context);
-                context.Tpidr = (ulong)Context.Tpidr;
+                context.Tpidr = (ulong)Context.TpidrroEl0;
             }
             else
             {
@@ -699,9 +697,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading
                     context.FpuRegisters[i] = Context.GetV(i);
                 }
 
-                context.Pc = (uint)LastPc;
+                context.Pc = (uint)Context.Pc;
                 context.Pstate = GetPsr(Context);
-                context.Tpidr = (uint)Context.Tpidr;
+                context.Tpidr = (uint)Context.TpidrroEl0;
             }
 
             context.Fpcr = (uint)Context.Fpcr;
@@ -743,7 +741,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading
 
         public KernelResult SetCoreAndAffinityMask(int newCore, ulong newAffinityMask)
         {
-            lock (ActivityOperationLock)
+            lock (_activityOperationLock)
             {
                 KernelContext.CriticalSection.Enter();
 

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/ProgramLoader.cs

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
 
             KProcess process = new KProcess(context);
 
-            var processContextFactory = new ArmProcessContextFactory(context.Device.Gpu);
+            var processContextFactory = new ArmProcessContextFactory(context.Device.System.CpuEngine, context.Device.Gpu);
 
             result = process.InitializeKip(
                 creationInfo,
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
                 return false;
             }
 
-            var processContextFactory = new ArmProcessContextFactory(context.Device.Gpu);
+            var processContextFactory = new ArmProcessContextFactory(context.Device.System.CpuEngine, context.Device.Gpu);
 
             result = process.Initialize(
                 creationInfo,

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Audio/AudioRenderer/AudioRendererServer.cs

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Audio.AudioRenderer
             }
             else
             {
-                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.ServiceAudio, $"Error while processing renderer update: 0x{result}");
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.ServiceAudio, $"Error while processing renderer update: 0x{(int)result:X}");
             }
 
             return result;

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Mii/DatabaseImpl.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using LibHac;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Mii.Types;
 using System;
 
@@ -27,7 +28,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Mii
 
         public DatabaseImpl()
         {
-            _utilityImpl = new UtilityImpl();
             _miiDatabase = new MiiDatabaseManager();
         }
 
@@ -148,12 +148,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Mii
             return GetDefault(flag, ref count, elements);
         }
 
-        public ResultCode InitializeDatabase(HorizonClient horizonClient)
+        public ResultCode InitializeDatabase(ITickSource tickSource, HorizonClient horizonClient)
         {
+            _utilityImpl = new UtilityImpl(tickSource);
             _miiDatabase.InitializeDatabase(horizonClient);
             _miiDatabase.LoadFromFile(out _isBroken);
 
-            // Nintendo ignore any error code from before
+            // Nintendo ignores any error code from before.
             return ResultCode.Success;
         }
 

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Mii/UtilityImpl.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Mii.Types;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Mii.Types;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.Clock;
 using System;
@@ -12,12 +13,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Mii
         private uint _z;
         private uint _w;
 
-        public UtilityImpl()
+        public UtilityImpl(ITickSource tickSource)
         {
             _x = 123456789;
             _y = 362436069;
 
-            TimeSpanType time = TimeManager.Instance.TickBasedSteadyClock.GetCurrentRawTimePoint(null);
+            TimeSpanType time = TimeManager.Instance.TickBasedSteadyClock.GetCurrentRawTimePoint(tickSource);
 
             _w = (uint)(time.NanoSeconds & uint.MaxValue);
             _z = (uint)((time.NanoSeconds >> 32) & uint.MaxValue);

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Nfc/Nfp/NfpManager/INfp.cs

@@ -688,7 +688,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Nfc.Nfp
                     {
                         if (context.Device.System.NfpDevices[i].State == NfpDeviceState.TagMounted)
                         {
-                            RegisterInfo registerInfo = VirtualAmiibo.GetRegisterInfo(context.Device.System.NfpDevices[i].AmiiboId, context.Device.System.AccountManager.LastOpenedUser.Name);
+                            RegisterInfo registerInfo = VirtualAmiibo.GetRegisterInfo(
+                                context.Device.System.TickSource,
+                                context.Device.System.NfpDevices[i].AmiiboId,
+                                context.Device.System.AccountManager.LastOpenedUser.Name);
 
                             context.Memory.Write(outputPosition, registerInfo);
 
@@ -911,7 +914,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Nfc.Nfp
                     {
                         throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
                     }
-                    
+
                     context.ResponseData.Write((uint)context.Device.System.NfpDevices[i].State);
 
                     return ResultCode.Success;

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Nfc/Nfp/VirtualAmiibo.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Mii;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Mii.Types;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Nfc.Nfp.NfpManager;
@@ -63,11 +64,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Nfc.Nfp
             };
         }
 
-        public static RegisterInfo GetRegisterInfo(string amiiboId, string nickname)
+        public static RegisterInfo GetRegisterInfo(ITickSource tickSource, string amiiboId, string nickname)
         {
             VirtualAmiiboFile amiiboFile = LoadAmiiboFile(amiiboId);
 
-            UtilityImpl utilityImpl = new UtilityImpl();
+            UtilityImpl utilityImpl = new UtilityImpl(tickSource);
             CharInfo    charInfo    = new CharInfo();
 
             charInfo.SetFromStoreData(StoreData.BuildDefault(utilityImpl, 0));

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/SurfaceFlinger/BufferQueue.cs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
         {
             BufferQueueCore core = new BufferQueueCore(device, pid);
 
-            producer = new BufferQueueProducer(core);
+            producer = new BufferQueueProducer(core, device.System.TickSource);
             consumer = new BufferQueueConsumer(core);
 
             return core;

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/SurfaceFlinger/BufferQueueCore.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
-using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.SurfaceFlinger.Types;
 using System;
@@ -241,7 +240,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.SurfaceFlinger
         {
             BufferSlot slot = Slots[item.Slot];
 
-            // TODO: Check this. On Android, this checks the "handle". I assume NvMapHandle is the handle, but it might not be. 
+            // TODO: Check this. On Android, this checks the "handle". I assume NvMapHandle is the handle, but it might not be.
             return !slot.GraphicBuffer.IsNull && slot.GraphicBuffer.Object.Buffer.Surfaces[0].NvMapHandle == item.GraphicBuffer.Object.Buffer.Surfaces[0].NvMapHandle;
         }
 

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/SurfaceFlinger/BufferQueueProducer.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Settings;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.SurfaceFlinger.Types;
@@ -12,6 +13,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.SurfaceFlinger
     {
         public BufferQueueCore Core { get; }
 
+        private readonly ITickSource _tickSource;
+
         private uint _stickyTransform;
 
         private uint _nextCallbackTicket;
@@ -20,9 +23,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.SurfaceFlinger
 
         private readonly object _callbackLock = new object();
 
-        public BufferQueueProducer(BufferQueueCore core)
+        public BufferQueueProducer(BufferQueueCore core, ITickSource tickSource)
         {
             Core = core;
+            _tickSource = tickSource;
 
             _stickyTransform       = 0;
             _callbackTicket        = 0;
@@ -179,8 +183,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.SurfaceFlinger
                 GraphicBuffer graphicBuffer = Core.Slots[slot].GraphicBuffer.Object;
 
                 if (Core.Slots[slot].GraphicBuffer.IsNull
-                    || graphicBuffer.Width != width 
-                    || graphicBuffer.Height != height 
+                    || graphicBuffer.Width != width
+                    || graphicBuffer.Height != height
                     || graphicBuffer.Format != format
                     || (graphicBuffer.Usage & usage) != usage)
                 {
@@ -193,7 +197,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.SurfaceFlinger
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.SurfaceFlinger, 
+                        Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.SurfaceFlinger,
                                             $"Preallocated buffer mismatch - slot {slot}\n" +
                                             $"available: Width = {graphicBuffer.Width} Height = {graphicBuffer.Height} Format = {graphicBuffer.Format} Usage = {graphicBuffer.Usage:x} " +
                                             $"requested: Width = {width} Height = {height} Format = {format} Usage = {usage:x}");
@@ -388,7 +392,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.SurfaceFlinger
                 Core.Slots[slot].BufferState = BufferState.Queued;
                 Core.FrameCounter++;
                 Core.Slots[slot].FrameNumber      = Core.FrameCounter;
-                Core.Slots[slot].QueueTime        = TimeSpanType.FromTimeSpan(ARMeilleure.State.ExecutionContext.ElapsedTime);
+                Core.Slots[slot].QueueTime        = TimeSpanType.FromTimeSpan(_tickSource.ElapsedTime);
                 Core.Slots[slot].PresentationTime = TimeSpanType.Zero;
 
                 item.AcquireCalled             = Core.Slots[slot].AcquireCalled;

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Time/Clock/StandardNetworkSystemClockCore.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.Clock
 {
@@ -11,14 +11,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.Clock
             _standardNetworkClockSufficientAccuracy = new TimeSpanType(0);
         }
 
-        public bool IsStandardNetworkSystemClockAccuracySufficient(KThread thread)
+        public bool IsStandardNetworkSystemClockAccuracySufficient(ITickSource tickSource)
         {
             SteadyClockCore      steadyClockCore  = GetSteadyClockCore();
-            SteadyClockTimePoint currentTimePoint = steadyClockCore.GetCurrentTimePoint(thread);
+            SteadyClockTimePoint currentTimePoint = steadyClockCore.GetCurrentTimePoint(tickSource);
 
             bool isStandardNetworkClockSufficientAccuracy = false;
 
-            ResultCode result = GetClockContext(thread, out SystemClockContext context);
+            ResultCode result = GetClockContext(tickSource, out SystemClockContext context);
 
             if (result == ResultCode.Success && context.SteadyTimePoint.GetSpanBetween(currentTimePoint, out long outSpan) == ResultCode.Success)
             {

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Time/Clock/StandardSteadyClockCore.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.Clock
 {
@@ -17,11 +17,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.Clock
             _cachedRawTimePoint = TimeSpanType.Zero;
         }
 
-        public override SteadyClockTimePoint GetTimePoint(KThread thread)
+        public override SteadyClockTimePoint GetTimePoint(ITickSource tickSource)
         {
             SteadyClockTimePoint result = new SteadyClockTimePoint
             {
-                TimePoint     = GetCurrentRawTimePoint(thread).ToSeconds(),
+                TimePoint     = GetCurrentRawTimePoint(tickSource).ToSeconds(),
                 ClockSourceId = GetClockSourceId()
             };
 
@@ -48,19 +48,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.Clock
             _internalOffset = internalOffset;
         }
 
-        public override TimeSpanType GetCurrentRawTimePoint(KThread thread)
+        public override TimeSpanType GetCurrentRawTimePoint(ITickSource tickSource)
         {
-            TimeSpanType ticksTimeSpan;
-
-            // As this may be called before the guest code, we support passing a null thread to make this api usable.
-            if (thread == null)
-            {
-                ticksTimeSpan = TimeSpanType.FromSeconds(0);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                ticksTimeSpan = TimeSpanType.FromTicks(thread.Context.CntpctEl0, thread.Context.CntfrqEl0);
-            }
+            TimeSpanType ticksTimeSpan = TimeSpanType.FromTicks(tickSource.Counter, tickSource.Frequency);
 
             TimeSpanType rawTimePoint = new TimeSpanType(_setupValue.NanoSeconds + ticksTimeSpan.NanoSeconds);
 

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Time/Clock/StandardUserSystemClockCore.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading;
 using System;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.Clock
@@ -26,15 +27,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.Clock
             throw new NotImplementedException();
         }
 
-        public override ResultCode GetClockContext(KThread thread, out SystemClockContext context)
+        public override ResultCode GetClockContext(ITickSource tickSource, out SystemClockContext context)
         {
-            ResultCode result = ApplyAutomaticCorrection(thread, false);
+            ResultCode result = ApplyAutomaticCorrection(tickSource, false);
 
             context = new SystemClockContext();
 
             if (result == ResultCode.Success)
             {
-                return _localSystemClockCore.GetClockContext(thread, out context);
+                return _localSystemClockCore.GetClockContext(tickSource, out context);
             }
 
             return result;
@@ -45,13 +46,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.Clock
             return ResultCode.NotImplemented;
         }
 
-        private ResultCode ApplyAutomaticCorrection(KThread thread, bool autoCorrectionEnabled)
+        private ResultCode ApplyAutomaticCorrection(ITickSource tickSource, bool autoCorrectionEnabled)
         {
             ResultCode result = ResultCode.Success;
 
-            if (_autoCorrectionEnabled != autoCorrectionEnabled && _networkSystemClockCore.IsClockSetup(thread))
+            if (_autoCorrectionEnabled != autoCorrectionEnabled && _networkSystemClockCore.IsClockSetup(tickSource))
             {
-                result = _networkSystemClockCore.GetClockContext(thread, out SystemClockContext context);
+                result = _networkSystemClockCore.GetClockContext(tickSource, out SystemClockContext context);
 
                 if (result == ResultCode.Success)
                 {
@@ -67,9 +68,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.Clock
             _autoCorrectionEvent = new KEvent(system.KernelContext);
         }
 
-        public ResultCode SetAutomaticCorrectionEnabled(KThread thread, bool autoCorrectionEnabled)
+        public ResultCode SetAutomaticCorrectionEnabled(ITickSource tickSource, bool autoCorrectionEnabled)
         {
-            ResultCode result = ApplyAutomaticCorrection(thread, autoCorrectionEnabled);
+            ResultCode result = ApplyAutomaticCorrection(tickSource, autoCorrectionEnabled);
 
             if (result == ResultCode.Success)
             {

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Time/Clock/SteadyClockCore.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.Utilities;
 using System;
 
@@ -63,21 +63,21 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.Clock
 
         public virtual void SetInternalOffset(TimeSpanType internalOffset) {}
 
-        public virtual SteadyClockTimePoint GetTimePoint(KThread thread)
+        public virtual SteadyClockTimePoint GetTimePoint(ITickSource tickSource)
         {
             throw new NotImplementedException();
         }
 
-        public virtual TimeSpanType GetCurrentRawTimePoint(KThread thread)
+        public virtual TimeSpanType GetCurrentRawTimePoint(ITickSource tickSource)
         {
-            SteadyClockTimePoint timePoint = GetTimePoint(thread);
+            SteadyClockTimePoint timePoint = GetTimePoint(tickSource);
 
             return TimeSpanType.FromSeconds(timePoint.TimePoint);
         }
 
-        public SteadyClockTimePoint GetCurrentTimePoint(KThread thread)
+        public SteadyClockTimePoint GetCurrentTimePoint(ITickSource tickSource)
         {
-            SteadyClockTimePoint result = GetTimePoint(thread);
+            SteadyClockTimePoint result = GetTimePoint(tickSource);
 
             result.TimePoint += GetTestOffset().ToSeconds();
             result.TimePoint += GetInternalOffset().ToSeconds();

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Time/Clock/SystemClockCore.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using System;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.Clock
@@ -25,13 +25,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.Clock
             return _steadyClockCore;
         }
 
-        public ResultCode GetCurrentTime(KThread thread, out long posixTime)
+        public ResultCode GetCurrentTime(ITickSource tickSource, out long posixTime)
         {
             posixTime = 0;
 
-            SteadyClockTimePoint currentTimePoint = _steadyClockCore.GetCurrentTimePoint(thread);
+            SteadyClockTimePoint currentTimePoint = _steadyClockCore.GetCurrentTimePoint(tickSource);
 
-            ResultCode result = GetClockContext(thread, out SystemClockContext clockContext);
+            ResultCode result = GetClockContext(tickSource, out SystemClockContext clockContext);
 
             if (result == ResultCode.Success)
             {
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.Clock
             return result;
         }
 
-        public ResultCode SetCurrentTime(KThread thread, long posixTime)
+        public ResultCode SetCurrentTime(ITickSource tickSource, long posixTime)
         {
-            SteadyClockTimePoint currentTimePoint = _steadyClockCore.GetCurrentTimePoint(thread);
+            SteadyClockTimePoint currentTimePoint = _steadyClockCore.GetCurrentTimePoint(tickSource);
 
             SystemClockContext clockContext = new SystemClockContext()
             {
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.Clock
             return result;
         }
 
-        public virtual ResultCode GetClockContext(KThread thread, out SystemClockContext context)
+        public virtual ResultCode GetClockContext(ITickSource tickSource, out SystemClockContext context)
         {
             context = _context;
 
@@ -127,13 +127,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.Clock
             _isInitialized = true;
         }
 
-        public bool IsClockSetup(KThread thread)
+        public bool IsClockSetup(ITickSource tickSource)
         {
-            ResultCode result = GetClockContext(thread, out SystemClockContext context);
+            ResultCode result = GetClockContext(tickSource, out SystemClockContext context);
 
             if (result == ResultCode.Success)
             {
-                SteadyClockTimePoint steadyClockTimePoint = _steadyClockCore.GetCurrentTimePoint(thread);
+                SteadyClockTimePoint steadyClockTimePoint = _steadyClockCore.GetCurrentTimePoint(tickSource);
 
                 return steadyClockTimePoint.ClockSourceId == context.SteadyTimePoint.ClockSourceId;
             }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Time/Clock/TickBasedSteadyClockCore.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.Clock
 {
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.Clock
     {
         public TickBasedSteadyClockCore() {}
 
-        public override SteadyClockTimePoint GetTimePoint(KThread thread)
+        public override SteadyClockTimePoint GetTimePoint(ITickSource tickSource)
         {
             SteadyClockTimePoint result = new SteadyClockTimePoint
             {
@@ -14,17 +14,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.Clock
                 ClockSourceId = GetClockSourceId()
             };
 
-            TimeSpanType ticksTimeSpan;
-
-            // As this may be called before the guest code, we support passing a null thread to make this api usable.
-            if (thread == null)
-            {
-                ticksTimeSpan = TimeSpanType.FromSeconds(0);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                ticksTimeSpan = TimeSpanType.FromTicks(thread.Context.CntpctEl0, thread.Context.CntfrqEl0);
-            }
+            TimeSpanType ticksTimeSpan = TimeSpanType.FromTicks(tickSource.Counter, tickSource.Frequency);
 
             result.TimePoint = ticksTimeSpan.ToSeconds();
 

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Time/IStaticServiceForPsc.cs

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ using Ryujinx.Common;
 using Ryujinx.Cpu;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Ipc;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Common;
-using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.Clock;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.StaticService;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.TimeZone;
@@ -163,13 +162,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time
 
             bool autoCorrectionEnabled = context.RequestData.ReadBoolean();
 
-            ResultCode result = userClock.SetAutomaticCorrectionEnabled(context.Thread, autoCorrectionEnabled);
+            ITickSource tickSource = context.Device.System.TickSource;
+
+            ResultCode result = userClock.SetAutomaticCorrectionEnabled(tickSource, autoCorrectionEnabled);
 
             if (result == ResultCode.Success)
             {
                 _timeManager.SharedMemory.SetAutomaticCorrectionEnabled(autoCorrectionEnabled);
 
-                SteadyClockTimePoint currentTimePoint = userClock.GetSteadyClockCore().GetCurrentTimePoint(context.Thread);
+                SteadyClockTimePoint currentTimePoint = userClock.GetSteadyClockCore().GetCurrentTimePoint(tickSource);
 
                 userClock.SetAutomaticCorrectionUpdatedTime(currentTimePoint);
                 userClock.SignalAutomaticCorrectionEvent();
@@ -190,7 +191,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time
         // IsStandardNetworkSystemClockAccuracySufficient() -> bool
         public ResultCode IsStandardNetworkSystemClockAccuracySufficient(ServiceCtx context)
         {
-            context.ResponseData.Write(_timeManager.StandardNetworkSystemClock.IsStandardNetworkSystemClockAccuracySufficient(context.Thread));
+            ITickSource tickSource = context.Device.System.TickSource;
+
+            context.ResponseData.Write(_timeManager.StandardNetworkSystemClock.IsStandardNetworkSystemClockAccuracySufficient(tickSource));
 
             return ResultCode.Success;
         }
@@ -222,14 +225,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time
                 return ResultCode.UninitializedClock;
             }
 
+            ITickSource tickSource = context.Device.System.TickSource;
+
             SystemClockContext   otherContext     = context.RequestData.ReadStruct<SystemClockContext>();
-            SteadyClockTimePoint currentTimePoint = steadyClock.GetCurrentTimePoint(context.Thread);
+            SteadyClockTimePoint currentTimePoint = steadyClock.GetCurrentTimePoint(tickSource);
 
             ResultCode result = ResultCode.TimeMismatch;
 
             if (currentTimePoint.ClockSourceId == otherContext.SteadyTimePoint.ClockSourceId)
             {
-                TimeSpanType ticksTimeSpan = TimeSpanType.FromTicks(context.Thread.Context.CntpctEl0, context.Thread.Context.CntfrqEl0);
+                TimeSpanType ticksTimeSpan = TimeSpanType.FromTicks(tickSource.Counter, tickSource.Frequency);
                 long         baseTimePoint = otherContext.Offset + currentTimePoint.TimePoint - ticksTimeSpan.ToSeconds();
 
                 context.ResponseData.Write(baseTimePoint);
@@ -248,15 +253,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time
 
             context.Response.PtrBuff[0] = context.Response.PtrBuff[0].WithSize((uint)Marshal.SizeOf<ClockSnapshot>());
 
-            ResultCode result = _timeManager.StandardUserSystemClock.GetClockContext(context.Thread, out SystemClockContext userContext);
+            ITickSource tickSource = context.Device.System.TickSource;
+
+            ResultCode result = _timeManager.StandardUserSystemClock.GetClockContext(tickSource, out SystemClockContext userContext);
 
             if (result == ResultCode.Success)
             {
-                result = _timeManager.StandardNetworkSystemClock.GetClockContext(context.Thread, out SystemClockContext networkContext);
+                result = _timeManager.StandardNetworkSystemClock.GetClockContext(tickSource, out SystemClockContext networkContext);
 
                 if (result == ResultCode.Success)
                 {
-                    result = GetClockSnapshotFromSystemClockContextInternal(context.Thread, userContext, networkContext, type, out ClockSnapshot clockSnapshot);
+                    result = GetClockSnapshotFromSystemClockContextInternal(tickSource, userContext, networkContext, type, out ClockSnapshot clockSnapshot);
 
                     if (result == ResultCode.Success)
                     {
@@ -281,7 +288,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time
             SystemClockContext userContext    = context.RequestData.ReadStruct<SystemClockContext>();
             SystemClockContext networkContext = context.RequestData.ReadStruct<SystemClockContext>();
 
-            ResultCode result = GetClockSnapshotFromSystemClockContextInternal(context.Thread, userContext, networkContext, type, out ClockSnapshot clockSnapshot);
+            ITickSource tickSource = context.Device.System.TickSource;
+
+            ResultCode result = GetClockSnapshotFromSystemClockContextInternal(tickSource, userContext, networkContext, type, out ClockSnapshot clockSnapshot);
 
             if (result == ResultCode.Success)
             {
@@ -344,12 +353,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time
             return resultCode;
         }
 
-        private ResultCode GetClockSnapshotFromSystemClockContextInternal(KThread thread, SystemClockContext userContext, SystemClockContext networkContext, byte type, out ClockSnapshot clockSnapshot)
+        private ResultCode GetClockSnapshotFromSystemClockContextInternal(ITickSource tickSource, SystemClockContext userContext, SystemClockContext networkContext, byte type, out ClockSnapshot clockSnapshot)
         {
             clockSnapshot = new ClockSnapshot();
 
             SteadyClockCore      steadyClockCore  = _timeManager.StandardSteadyClock;
-            SteadyClockTimePoint currentTimePoint = steadyClockCore.GetCurrentTimePoint(thread);
+            SteadyClockTimePoint currentTimePoint = steadyClockCore.GetCurrentTimePoint(tickSource);
 
             clockSnapshot.IsAutomaticCorrectionEnabled = _timeManager.StandardUserSystemClock.IsAutomaticCorrectionEnabled();
             clockSnapshot.UserContext                  = userContext;

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Time/ITimeServiceManager.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.Exceptions;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Ipc;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Common;
@@ -6,7 +7,6 @@ using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.Clock;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.Utilities;
 using System;
 using System.IO;
-using System.Text;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time
 {
@@ -68,7 +68,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time
             TimeSpanType testOffset         = context.RequestData.ReadStruct<TimeSpanType>();
             bool         isRtcResetDetected = context.RequestData.ReadBoolean();
 
-            _timeManager.SetupStandardSteadyClock(context.Thread, clockSourceId, setupValue, internalOffset, testOffset, isRtcResetDetected);
+            ITickSource tickSource = context.Device.System.TickSource;
+
+            _timeManager.SetupStandardSteadyClock(tickSource, clockSourceId, setupValue, internalOffset, testOffset, isRtcResetDetected);
 
             return ResultCode.Success;
         }
@@ -80,7 +82,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time
             SystemClockContext clockContext = context.RequestData.ReadStruct<SystemClockContext>();
             long               posixTime    = context.RequestData.ReadInt64();
 
-            _timeManager.SetupStandardLocalSystemClock(context.Thread, clockContext, posixTime);
+            ITickSource tickSource = context.Device.System.TickSource;
+
+            _timeManager.SetupStandardLocalSystemClock(tickSource, clockContext, posixTime);
 
             return ResultCode.Success;
         }
@@ -107,7 +111,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time
 
             SteadyClockTimePoint steadyClockTimePoint = context.RequestData.ReadStruct<SteadyClockTimePoint>();
 
-            _timeManager.SetupStandardUserSystemClock(context.Thread, isAutomaticCorrectionEnabled, steadyClockTimePoint);
+            ITickSource tickSource = context.Device.System.TickSource;
+
+            _timeManager.SetupStandardUserSystemClock(tickSource, isAutomaticCorrectionEnabled, steadyClockTimePoint);
 
             return ResultCode.Success;
         }
@@ -191,7 +197,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time
         {
             TimeSpanType rtcOffset = context.RequestData.ReadStruct<TimeSpanType>();
 
-            _timeManager.SetStandardSteadyClockRtcOffset(context.Thread, rtcOffset);
+            ITickSource tickSource = context.Device.System.TickSource;
+
+            _timeManager.SetStandardSteadyClockRtcOffset(tickSource, rtcOffset);
 
             return ResultCode.Success;
         }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Time/StaticService/ISteadyClock.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.Clock;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.StaticService
@@ -25,7 +26,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.StaticService
                 return ResultCode.UninitializedClock;
             }
 
-            SteadyClockTimePoint currentTimePoint = _steadyClock.GetCurrentTimePoint(context.Thread);
+            ITickSource tickSource = context.Device.System.TickSource;
+
+            SteadyClockTimePoint currentTimePoint = _steadyClock.GetCurrentTimePoint(tickSource);
 
             context.ResponseData.WriteStruct(currentTimePoint);
 

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Time/StaticService/ISystemClock.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Ipc;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Common;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading;
@@ -31,7 +32,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.StaticService
                 return ResultCode.UninitializedClock;
             }
 
-            ResultCode result = _clockCore.GetCurrentTime(context.Thread, out long posixTime);
+            ITickSource tickSource = context.Device.System.TickSource;
+
+            ResultCode result = _clockCore.GetCurrentTime(tickSource, out long posixTime);
 
             if (result == ResultCode.Success)
             {
@@ -57,7 +60,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.StaticService
 
             long posixTime = context.RequestData.ReadInt64();
 
-            return _clockCore.SetCurrentTime(context.Thread, posixTime);
+            ITickSource tickSource = context.Device.System.TickSource;
+
+            return _clockCore.SetCurrentTime(tickSource, posixTime);
         }
 
         [CommandHipc(2)]
@@ -69,7 +74,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.StaticService
                 return ResultCode.UninitializedClock;
             }
 
-            ResultCode result = _clockCore.GetClockContext(context.Thread, out SystemClockContext clockContext);
+            ITickSource tickSource = context.Device.System.TickSource;
+
+            ResultCode result = _clockCore.GetClockContext(tickSource, out SystemClockContext clockContext);
 
             if (result == ResultCode.Success)
             {

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Time/StaticService/ITimeZoneServiceForPsc.cs

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ using Ryujinx.HLE.Utilities;
 using System;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.IO;
-using System.Text;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.StaticService
 {
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.StaticService
             {
                 return ResultCode.PermissionDenied;
             }
-            
+
             return ResultCode.NotImplemented;
         }
 

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Time/TimeManager.cs

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-using System;
-using System.IO;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.Exceptions;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory;
-using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.Clock;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.TimeZone;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.Utilities;
+using System.IO;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time
 {
@@ -68,14 +67,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time
             TimeZone.Initialize(this, device);
         }
 
-
-        public void SetupStandardSteadyClock(KThread thread, UInt128 clockSourceId, TimeSpanType setupValue, TimeSpanType internalOffset, TimeSpanType testOffset, bool isRtcResetDetected)
+        public void SetupStandardSteadyClock(ITickSource tickSource, UInt128 clockSourceId, TimeSpanType setupValue, TimeSpanType internalOffset, TimeSpanType testOffset, bool isRtcResetDetected)
         {
             SetupInternalStandardSteadyClock(clockSourceId, setupValue, internalOffset, testOffset, isRtcResetDetected);
 
-            TimeSpanType currentTimePoint = StandardSteadyClock.GetCurrentRawTimePoint(thread);
+            TimeSpanType currentTimePoint = StandardSteadyClock.GetCurrentRawTimePoint(tickSource);
 
-            SharedMemory.SetupStandardSteadyClock(thread, clockSourceId, currentTimePoint);
+            SharedMemory.SetupStandardSteadyClock(tickSource, clockSourceId, currentTimePoint);
 
             // TODO: propagate IPC late binding of "time:s" and "time:p"
         }
@@ -97,18 +95,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time
             // TODO: propagate IPC late binding of "time:s" and "time:p"
         }
 
-        public void SetupStandardLocalSystemClock(KThread thread, SystemClockContext clockContext, long posixTime)
+        public void SetupStandardLocalSystemClock(ITickSource tickSource, SystemClockContext clockContext, long posixTime)
         {
             StandardLocalSystemClock.SetUpdateCallbackInstance(LocalClockContextWriter);
 
-            SteadyClockTimePoint currentTimePoint = StandardLocalSystemClock.GetSteadyClockCore().GetCurrentTimePoint(thread);
+            SteadyClockTimePoint currentTimePoint = StandardLocalSystemClock.GetSteadyClockCore().GetCurrentTimePoint(tickSource);
             if (currentTimePoint.ClockSourceId == clockContext.SteadyTimePoint.ClockSourceId)
             {
                 StandardLocalSystemClock.SetSystemClockContext(clockContext);
             }
             else
             {
-                if (StandardLocalSystemClock.SetCurrentTime(thread, posixTime) != ResultCode.Success)
+                if (StandardLocalSystemClock.SetCurrentTime(tickSource, posixTime) != ResultCode.Success)
                 {
                     throw new InternalServiceException("Cannot set current local time");
                 }
@@ -157,9 +155,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time
             // TODO: propagate IPC late binding of "time:s" and "time:p"
         }
 
-        public void SetupStandardUserSystemClock(KThread thread, bool isAutomaticCorrectionEnabled, SteadyClockTimePoint steadyClockTimePoint)
+        public void SetupStandardUserSystemClock(ITickSource tickSource, bool isAutomaticCorrectionEnabled, SteadyClockTimePoint steadyClockTimePoint)
         {
-            if (StandardUserSystemClock.SetAutomaticCorrectionEnabled(thread, isAutomaticCorrectionEnabled) != ResultCode.Success)
+            if (StandardUserSystemClock.SetAutomaticCorrectionEnabled(tickSource, isAutomaticCorrectionEnabled) != ResultCode.Success)
             {
                 throw new InternalServiceException("Cannot set automatic user time correction state");
             }
@@ -172,13 +170,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time
             // TODO: propagate IPC late binding of "time:s" and "time:p"
         }
 
-        public void SetStandardSteadyClockRtcOffset(KThread thread, TimeSpanType rtcOffset)
+        public void SetStandardSteadyClockRtcOffset(ITickSource tickSource, TimeSpanType rtcOffset)
         {
             StandardSteadyClock.SetSetupValue(rtcOffset);
 
-            TimeSpanType currentTimePoint = StandardSteadyClock.GetCurrentRawTimePoint(thread);
+            TimeSpanType currentTimePoint = StandardSteadyClock.GetCurrentRawTimePoint(tickSource);
 
-            SharedMemory.SetSteadyClockRawTimePoint(thread, currentTimePoint);
+            SharedMemory.SetSteadyClockRawTimePoint(tickSource, currentTimePoint);
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Time/TimeSharedMemory.cs

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
-using System;
-using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
-using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
-using System.Threading;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory;
-using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.Clock;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.Types;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.Utilities;
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Threading;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time
 {
@@ -38,19 +37,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time
             return _sharedMemory;
         }
 
-        public void SetupStandardSteadyClock(KThread thread, UInt128 clockSourceId, TimeSpanType currentTimePoint)
+        public void SetupStandardSteadyClock(ITickSource tickSource, UInt128 clockSourceId, TimeSpanType currentTimePoint)
         {
-            TimeSpanType ticksTimeSpan;
-
-            // As this may be called before the guest code, we support passing a null thread to make this api usable.
-            if (thread == null)
-            {
-                ticksTimeSpan = TimeSpanType.FromSeconds(0);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                ticksTimeSpan = TimeSpanType.FromTicks(thread.Context.CntpctEl0, thread.Context.CntfrqEl0);
-            }
+            TimeSpanType ticksTimeSpan = TimeSpanType.FromTicks(tickSource.Counter, tickSource.Frequency);
 
             SteadyClockContext context = new SteadyClockContext
             {
@@ -67,10 +56,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time
             WriteObjectToSharedMemory(AutomaticCorrectionEnabledOffset, 0, Convert.ToByte(isAutomaticCorrectionEnabled));
         }
 
-        public void SetSteadyClockRawTimePoint(KThread thread, TimeSpanType currentTimePoint)
+        public void SetSteadyClockRawTimePoint(ITickSource tickSource, TimeSpanType currentTimePoint)
         {
             SteadyClockContext context       = ReadObjectFromSharedMemory<SteadyClockContext>(SteadyClockContextOffset, 4);
-            TimeSpanType       ticksTimeSpan = TimeSpanType.FromTicks(thread.Context.CntpctEl0, thread.Context.CntfrqEl0);
+            TimeSpanType       ticksTimeSpan = TimeSpanType.FromTicks(tickSource.Counter, tickSource.Frequency);
 
             context.InternalOffset = (ulong)(currentTimePoint.NanoSeconds - ticksTimeSpan.NanoSeconds);
 

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Time/TimeZone/TimeZoneContentManager.cs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ using LibHac.Ncm;
 using LibHac.Tools.FsSystem;
 using LibHac.Tools.FsSystem.NcaUtils;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.Exceptions;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.Clock;
@@ -63,7 +64,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.TimeZone
         {
             InitializeInstance(device.FileSystem, device.System.ContentManager, device.System.FsIntegrityCheckLevel);
 
-            SteadyClockTimePoint timeZoneUpdatedTimePoint = timeManager.StandardSteadyClock.GetCurrentTimePoint(null);
+            ITickSource tickSource = device.System.TickSource;
+
+            SteadyClockTimePoint timeZoneUpdatedTimePoint = timeManager.StandardSteadyClock.GetCurrentTimePoint(tickSource);
 
             string deviceLocationName = SanityCheckDeviceLocationName(device.Configuration.TimeZone);
 

Ryujinx.Tests/Cpu/CpuContext.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
-using ARMeilleure.Memory;
+using ARMeilleure.Memory;
 using ARMeilleure.State;
 using ARMeilleure.Translation;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit;
 
-namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
+namespace Ryujinx.Tests.Cpu
 {
     public class CpuContext
     {
@@ -21,7 +23,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
 
         public static ExecutionContext CreateExecutionContext()
         {
-            return new ExecutionContext(new JitMemoryAllocator());
+            return new ExecutionContext(new JitMemoryAllocator(), new TickSource(19200000));
         }
 
         public void Execute(ExecutionContext context, ulong address)

Ryujinx.Tests/Cpu/CpuTest.cs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ using ARMeilleure;
 using ARMeilleure.State;
 using ARMeilleure.Translation;
 using NUnit.Framework;
-using Ryujinx.Cpu;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit;
 using Ryujinx.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Tests.Unicorn;
 using System;

Ryujinx.Tests/Cpu/CpuTest32.cs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 using ARMeilleure.State;
 using ARMeilleure.Translation;
 using NUnit.Framework;
-using Ryujinx.Cpu;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit;
 using Ryujinx.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Tests.Unicorn;
 using System;

Ryujinx/Ui/GLRenderer.cs

@@ -114,12 +114,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ui
 
                 GL.BlitFramebuffer(0,
                     0,
-                    AllocatedWidth,
-                    AllocatedHeight,
+                    WindowWidth,
+                    WindowHeight,
                     0,
                     0,
-                    AllocatedWidth,
-                    AllocatedHeight,
+                    WindowWidth,
+                    WindowHeight,
                     ClearBufferMask.ColorBufferBit,
                     BlitFramebufferFilter.Linear);
             }

Ryujinx/Ui/RendererWidgetBase.cs

@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ui
         public IRenderer Renderer { get; private set; }
 
         public bool ScreenshotRequested { get; set; }
+        protected int WindowWidth { get; private set; }
+        protected int WindowHeight { get; private set; }
 
         public static event EventHandler<StatusUpdatedEventArgs> StatusUpdatedEvent;
 
@@ -71,9 +73,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ui
         private IKeyboard _keyboardInterface;
         private GraphicsDebugLevel _glLogLevel;
         private string _gpuVendorName;
-
-        private int _windowHeight;
-        private int _windowWidth;
         private bool _isMouseInClient;
 
         public RendererWidgetBase(InputManager inputManager, GraphicsDebugLevel glLogLevel)
@@ -223,10 +222,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ui
 
             Gdk.Monitor monitor = Display.GetMonitorAtWindow(Window);
 
-            _windowWidth = evnt.Width * monitor.ScaleFactor;
-            _windowHeight = evnt.Height * monitor.ScaleFactor;
+            WindowWidth = evnt.Width * monitor.ScaleFactor;
+            WindowHeight = evnt.Height * monitor.ScaleFactor;
 
-            Renderer?.Window.SetSize(_windowWidth, _windowHeight);
+            Renderer?.Window.SetSize(WindowWidth, WindowHeight);
 
             return result;
         }
@@ -307,7 +306,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ui
             }
 
             Renderer = renderer;
-            Renderer?.Window.SetSize(_windowWidth, _windowHeight);
+            Renderer?.Window.SetSize(WindowWidth, WindowHeight);
 
             if (Renderer != null)
             {

Ryujinx/Ui/Windows/AmiiboWindow.cs

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ui.Windows
             _amiiboJsonPath = System.IO.Path.Join(AppDataManager.BaseDirPath, "system", "amiibo", "Amiibo.json");
             _amiiboList     = new List<AmiiboApi>();
 
-            _amiiboLogoBytes    = EmbeddedResources.Read("Ryujinx/Ui/Resources/Logo_Amiibo.png");
+            _amiiboLogoBytes    = EmbeddedResources.Read("Ryujinx.Ui.Common/Resources/Logo_Amiibo.png");
             _amiiboImage.Pixbuf = new Gdk.Pixbuf(_amiiboLogoBytes);
 
             _scanButton.Sensitive         = false;