Fix missing string enum converters for the config (#4634)

* Fix missing string enum converters for the config

* Revert changing KeyboardHotkeys to struct

This needs to be done because
Avalonia's TwoWay Binding breaks otherwise.

.editorconfig

@@ -63,6 +63,10 @@ dotnet_code_quality_unused_parameters = all:suggestion
 
 #### C# Coding Conventions ####
 
+# Namespace preferences
+csharp_style_namespace_declarations = block_scoped:warning
+resharper_csharp_namespace_body = block_scoped
+
 # var preferences
 csharp_style_var_elsewhere = false:silent
 csharp_style_var_for_built_in_types = false:silent

ARMeilleure/Decoders/IOpCode32Exception.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders;
-
-interface IOpCode32Exception
+namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
 {
-    int Id { get; }
+    interface IOpCode32Exception
+    {
+        int Id { get; }
+    }
 }

Directory.Packages.props

@@ -3,17 +3,17 @@
     <ManagePackageVersionsCentrally>true</ManagePackageVersionsCentrally>
   </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageVersion Include="Avalonia" Version="0.10.18" />
-    <PackageVersion Include="Avalonia.Controls.DataGrid" Version="0.10.18" />
-    <PackageVersion Include="Avalonia.Desktop" Version="0.10.18" />
-    <PackageVersion Include="Avalonia.Diagnostics" Version="0.10.18" />
-    <PackageVersion Include="Avalonia.Markup.Xaml.Loader" Version="0.10.18" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Avalonia" Version="0.10.19" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Avalonia.Controls.DataGrid" Version="0.10.19" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Avalonia.Desktop" Version="0.10.19" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Avalonia.Diagnostics" Version="0.10.19" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Avalonia.Markup.Xaml.Loader" Version="0.10.19" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Avalonia.Svg" Version="0.10.18" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Avalonia.Svg.Skia" Version="0.10.18" />
     <PackageVersion Include="CommandLineParser" Version="2.9.1" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Concentus" Version="1.1.7" />
     <PackageVersion Include="DiscordRichPresence" Version="1.1.3.18" />
-    <PackageVersion Include="DynamicData" Version="7.12.11" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="DynamicData" Version="7.13.1" />
     <PackageVersion Include="FluentAvaloniaUI" Version="1.4.5" />
     <PackageVersion Include="GtkSharp.Dependencies" Version="1.1.1" />
     <PackageVersion Include="GtkSharp.Dependencies.osx" Version="0.0.5" />
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
     <PackageVersion Include="Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec.Dependencies" Version="5.0.1-build13" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.Dependencies.MoltenVK" Version="1.2.0" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Ryujinx.GtkSharp" Version="3.24.24.59-ryujinx" />
-    <PackageVersion Include="Ryujinx.SDL2-CS" Version="2.26.1-build23" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Ryujinx.SDL2-CS" Version="2.26.3-build25" />
     <PackageVersion Include="shaderc.net" Version="0.1.0" />
     <PackageVersion Include="SharpZipLib" Version="1.4.2" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan" Version="2.16.0" />
@@ -48,6 +48,6 @@
     <PackageVersion Include="System.IO.Hashing" Version="7.0.0" />
     <PackageVersion Include="System.Management" Version="7.0.0" />
     <PackageVersion Include="UnicornEngine.Unicorn" Version="2.0.2-rc1-fb78016" />
-    <PackageVersion Include="XamlNameReferenceGenerator" Version="1.5.1" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="XamlNameReferenceGenerator" Version="1.6.1" />
   </ItemGroup>
-</Project>
+</Project>

Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SDL2/SDL2HardwareDeviceSession.cs

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SDL2
         private ulong _playedSampleCount;
         private ManualResetEvent _updateRequiredEvent;
         private uint _outputStream;
+        private bool _hasSetupError;
         private SDL_AudioCallback _callbackDelegate;
         private int _bytesPerFrame;
         private uint _sampleCount;
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SDL2
         private void EnsureAudioStreamSetup(AudioBuffer buffer)
         {
             uint bufferSampleCount = (uint)GetSampleCount(buffer);
-            bool needAudioSetup = _outputStream == 0 ||
+            bool needAudioSetup = (_outputStream == 0 && !_hasSetupError) ||
                 (bufferSampleCount >= Constants.TargetSampleCount && bufferSampleCount < _sampleCount);
 
             if (needAudioSetup)
@@ -51,12 +52,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SDL2
 
                 uint newOutputStream = SDL2HardwareDeviceDriver.OpenStream(RequestedSampleFormat, RequestedSampleRate, RequestedChannelCount, _sampleCount, _callbackDelegate);
 
-                if (newOutputStream == 0)
-                {
-                    // No stream in place, this is unexpected.
-                    throw new InvalidOperationException($"OpenStream failed with error: \"{SDL_GetError()}\"");
-                }
-                else
+                _hasSetupError = newOutputStream == 0;
+
+                if (!_hasSetupError)
                 {
                     if (_outputStream != 0)
                     {
@@ -151,11 +149,20 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SDL2
         {
             EnsureAudioStreamSetup(buffer);
 
-            SDL2AudioBuffer driverBuffer = new SDL2AudioBuffer(buffer.DataPointer, GetSampleCount(buffer));
+            if (_outputStream != 0)
+            {
+                SDL2AudioBuffer driverBuffer = new SDL2AudioBuffer(buffer.DataPointer, GetSampleCount(buffer));
 
-            _ringBuffer.Write(buffer.Data, 0, buffer.Data.Length);
+                _ringBuffer.Write(buffer.Data, 0, buffer.Data.Length);
 
-            _queuedBuffers.Enqueue(driverBuffer);
+                _queuedBuffers.Enqueue(driverBuffer);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Interlocked.Add(ref _playedSampleCount, GetSampleCount(buffer));
+
+                _updateRequiredEvent.Set();
+            }
         }
 
         public override void SetVolume(float volume)

Ryujinx.Ava/AppHost.cs

@@ -320,10 +320,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
 
             _viewModel.IsGameRunning = true;
 
-            string titleNameSection    = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(Device.Application.TitleName)      ? string.Empty : $" - {Device.Application.TitleName}";
-            string titleVersionSection = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(Device.Application.DisplayVersion) ? string.Empty : $" v{Device.Application.DisplayVersion}";
-            string titleIdSection      = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(Device.Application.TitleIdText)    ? string.Empty : $" ({Device.Application.TitleIdText.ToUpper()})";
-            string titleArchSection    = Device.Application.TitleIs64Bit                              ? " (64-bit)"  : " (32-bit)";
+            var activeProcess   = Device.Processes.ActiveApplication;
+            var nacp            = activeProcess.ApplicationControlProperties;
+            int desiredLanguage = (int)Device.System.State.DesiredTitleLanguage;
+
+            string titleNameSection    = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(nacp.Title[desiredLanguage].NameString.ToString()) ? string.Empty : $" - {nacp.Title[desiredLanguage].NameString.ToString()}";
+            string titleVersionSection = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(nacp.DisplayVersionString.ToString())              ? string.Empty : $" v{nacp.DisplayVersionString.ToString()}";
+            string titleIdSection      = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(activeProcess.ProgramIdText)                       ? string.Empty : $" ({activeProcess.ProgramIdText.ToUpper()})";
+            string titleArchSection    = activeProcess.Is64Bit                                                        ? " (64-bit)"  : " (32-bit)";
 
             Dispatcher.UIThread.InvokeAsync(() =>
             {
@@ -423,9 +427,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
 
         private void Dispose()
         {
-            if (Device.Application != null)
+            if (Device.Processes != null)
             {
-                _viewModel.UpdateGameMetadata(Device.Application.TitleIdText);
+                _viewModel.UpdateGameMetadata(Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ProgramIdText);
             }
 
             ConfigurationState.Instance.System.IgnoreMissingServices.Event -= UpdateIgnoreMissingServicesState;
@@ -539,7 +543,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
             {
                 Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Application, "Loading as Firmware Title (NCA).");
 
-                Device.LoadNca(ApplicationPath);
+                if (!Device.LoadNca(ApplicationPath))
+                {
+                    Device.Dispose();
+
+                    return false;
+                }
             }
             else if (Directory.Exists(ApplicationPath))
             {
@@ -554,13 +563,23 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
                 {
                     Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Application, "Loading as cart with RomFS.");
 
-                    Device.LoadCart(ApplicationPath, romFsFiles[0]);
+                    if (!Device.LoadCart(ApplicationPath, romFsFiles[0]))
+                    {
+                        Device.Dispose();
+
+                        return false;
+                    }
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Application, "Loading as cart WITHOUT RomFS.");
 
-                    Device.LoadCart(ApplicationPath);
+                    if (!Device.LoadCart(ApplicationPath))
+                    {
+                        Device.Dispose();
+
+                        return false;
+                    }
                 }
             }
             else if (File.Exists(ApplicationPath))
@@ -571,7 +590,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
                         {
                             Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Application, "Loading as XCI.");
 
-                            Device.LoadXci(ApplicationPath);
+                            if (!Device.LoadXci(ApplicationPath))
+                            {
+                                Device.Dispose();
+
+                                return false;
+                            }
 
                             break;
                         }
@@ -579,7 +603,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
                         {
                             Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Application, "Loading as NCA.");
 
-                            Device.LoadNca(ApplicationPath);
+                            if (!Device.LoadNca(ApplicationPath))
+                            {
+                                Device.Dispose();
+
+                                return false;
+                            }
 
                             break;
                         }
@@ -588,7 +617,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
                         {
                             Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Application, "Loading as NSP.");
 
-                            Device.LoadNsp(ApplicationPath);
+                            if (!Device.LoadNsp(ApplicationPath))
+                            {
+                                Device.Dispose();
+
+                                return false;
+                            }
 
                             break;
                         }
@@ -598,13 +632,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
 
                             try
                             {
-                                Device.LoadProgram(ApplicationPath);
+                                if (!Device.LoadProgram(ApplicationPath))
+                                {
+                                    Device.Dispose();
+
+                                    return false;
+                                }
                             }
                             catch (ArgumentOutOfRangeException)
                             {
                                 Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Application, "The specified file is not supported by Ryujinx.");
 
-                                Dispose();
+                                Device.Dispose();
 
                                 return false;
                             }
@@ -617,14 +656,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
             {
                 Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Application, "Please specify a valid XCI/NCA/NSP/PFS0/NRO file.");
 
-                Dispose();
+                Device.Dispose();
 
                 return false;
             }
 
-            DiscordIntegrationModule.SwitchToPlayingState(Device.Application.TitleIdText, Device.Application.TitleName);
+            DiscordIntegrationModule.SwitchToPlayingState(Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ProgramIdText, Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.Name);
 
-            _viewModel.ApplicationLibrary.LoadAndSaveMetaData(Device.Application.TitleIdText, appMetadata =>
+            _viewModel.ApplicationLibrary.LoadAndSaveMetaData(Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ProgramIdText, appMetadata =>
             {
                 appMetadata.LastPlayed = DateTime.UtcNow.ToString();
             });
@@ -950,7 +989,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
                 {
                     if (_keyboardInterface.GetKeyboardStateSnapshot().IsPressed(Key.Delete) && _viewModel.WindowState != WindowState.FullScreen)
                     {
-                        Device.Application.DiskCacheLoadState?.Cancel();
+                        Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.DiskCacheLoadState?.Cancel();
                     }
                 });
 
@@ -1088,4 +1127,4 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
             return state;
         }
     }
-}
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Common/ApplicationHelper.cs

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Account.Acc;
+using Ryujinx.Ui.App.Common;
 using Ryujinx.Ui.Common.Helper;
 using System;
 using System.Buffers;
@@ -227,7 +228,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Common
                         return;
                     }
 
-                    (Nca updatePatchNca, _) = ApplicationLoader.GetGameUpdateData(_virtualFileSystem, mainNca.Header.TitleId.ToString("x16"), programIndex, out _);
+                    (Nca updatePatchNca, _) = ApplicationLibrary.GetGameUpdateData(_virtualFileSystem, mainNca.Header.TitleId.ToString("x16"), programIndex, out _);
                     if (updatePatchNca != null)
                     {
                         patchNca = updatePatchNca;

Ryujinx.Ava/Common/Locale/LocaleManager.cs

@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Common.Locale
         {
             var    localeStrings = new Dictionary<LocaleKeys, string>();
             string languageJson  = EmbeddedResources.ReadAllText($"Ryujinx.Ava/Assets/Locales/{languageCode}.json");
-            var    strings       = JsonHelper.Deserialize<Dictionary<string, string>>(languageJson);
+            var    strings       = JsonHelper.Deserialize(languageJson, CommonJsonContext.Default.StringDictionary);
 
             foreach (var item in strings)
             {

Ryujinx.Ava/Modules/Updater/Updater.cs

@@ -4,13 +4,14 @@ using FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls;
 using ICSharpCode.SharpZipLib.GZip;
 using ICSharpCode.SharpZipLib.Tar;
 using ICSharpCode.SharpZipLib.Zip;
-using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
 using Ryujinx.Ava;
 using Ryujinx.Ava.Common.Locale;
 using Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Helpers;
 using Ryujinx.Common;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
 using Ryujinx.Ui.Common.Helper;
+using Ryujinx.Ui.Common.Models.Github;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics;
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Modules
     internal static class Updater
     {
         private const string GitHubApiURL = "https://api.github.com";
+        private static readonly GithubReleasesJsonSerializerContext SerializerContext = new(JsonHelper.GetDefaultSerializerOptions());
 
         private static readonly string HomeDir          = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory;
         private static readonly string UpdateDir        = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "Ryujinx", "update");
@@ -99,22 +101,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Modules
 
                 string  buildInfoURL = $"{GitHubApiURL}/repos/{ReleaseInformation.ReleaseChannelOwner}/{ReleaseInformation.ReleaseChannelRepo}/releases/latest";
                 string  fetchedJson  = await jsonClient.GetStringAsync(buildInfoURL);
-                JObject jsonRoot     = JObject.Parse(fetchedJson);
-                JToken  assets       = jsonRoot["assets"];
+                var fetched = JsonHelper.Deserialize(fetchedJson, SerializerContext.GithubReleasesJsonResponse);
+                _buildVer = fetched.Name;
 
-                _buildVer = (string)jsonRoot["name"];
-
-                foreach (JToken asset in assets)
+                foreach (var asset in fetched.Assets)
                 {
-                    string assetName   = (string)asset["name"];
-                    string assetState  = (string)asset["state"];
-                    string downloadURL = (string)asset["browser_download_url"];
-
-                    if (assetName.StartsWith("test-ava-ryujinx") && assetName.EndsWith(_platformExt))
+                    if (asset.Name.StartsWith("test-ava-ryujinx") && asset.Name.EndsWith(_platformExt))
                     {
-                        _buildUrl = downloadURL;
+                        _buildUrl = asset.BrowserDownloadUrl;
 
-                        if (assetState != "uploaded")
+                        if (asset.State != "uploaded")
                         {
                             if (showVersionUpToDate)
                             {

Ryujinx.Ava/UI/Models/Amiibo.cs

@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
-
-namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Models
-{
-    public class Amiibo
-    {
-        public struct AmiiboJson
-        {
-            [JsonPropertyName("amiibo")] public List<AmiiboApi> Amiibo { get; set; }
-            [JsonPropertyName("lastUpdated")] public DateTime LastUpdated { get; set; }
-        }
-
-        public struct AmiiboApi
-        {
-            [JsonPropertyName("name")] public string Name { get; set; }
-            [JsonPropertyName("head")] public string Head { get; set; }
-            [JsonPropertyName("tail")] public string Tail { get; set; }
-            [JsonPropertyName("image")] public string Image { get; set; }
-            [JsonPropertyName("amiiboSeries")] public string AmiiboSeries { get; set; }
-            [JsonPropertyName("character")] public string Character { get; set; }
-            [JsonPropertyName("gameSeries")] public string GameSeries { get; set; }
-            [JsonPropertyName("type")] public string Type { get; set; }
-
-            [JsonPropertyName("release")] public Dictionary<string, string> Release { get; set; }
-
-            [JsonPropertyName("gamesSwitch")] public List<AmiiboApiGamesSwitch> GamesSwitch { get; set; }
-
-            public override string ToString()
-            {
-                return Name;
-            }
-
-            public string GetId()
-            {
-                return Head + Tail;
-            }
-
-            public override bool Equals(object obj)
-            {
-                if (obj is AmiiboApi amiibo)
-                {
-                    return amiibo.Head + amiibo.Tail == Head + Tail;
-                }
-
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            public override int GetHashCode()
-            {
-                return base.GetHashCode();
-            }
-        }
-
-        public class AmiiboApiGamesSwitch
-        {
-            [JsonPropertyName("amiiboUsage")] public List<AmiiboApiUsage> AmiiboUsage { get; set; }
-
-            [JsonPropertyName("gameID")] public List<string> GameId { get; set; }
-
-            [JsonPropertyName("gameName")] public string GameName { get; set; }
-        }
-
-        public class AmiiboApiUsage
-        {
-            [JsonPropertyName("Usage")] public string Usage { get; set; }
-
-            [JsonPropertyName("write")] public bool Write { get; set; }
-        }
-    }
-}

Ryujinx.Ava/UI/ViewModels/AboutWindowViewModel.cs

@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
             {
                 string patreonJsonString = await httpClient.GetStringAsync("https://patreon.ryujinx.org/");
 
-                Supporters = string.Join(", ", JsonHelper.Deserialize<string[]>(patreonJsonString)) + "\n\n";
+                Supporters = string.Join(", ", JsonHelper.Deserialize(patreonJsonString, CommonJsonContext.Default.StringArray)) + "\n\n";
             }
             catch
             {

Ryujinx.Ava/UI/ViewModels/AmiiboWindowViewModel.cs

@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ using Avalonia.Media.Imaging;
 using Avalonia.Threading;
 using Ryujinx.Ava.Common.Locale;
 using Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Helpers;
-using Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Models;
 using Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Windows;
 using Ryujinx.Common;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
+using Ryujinx.Ui.Common.Models.Amiibo;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ using System.Linq;
 using System.Net.Http;
 using System.Text;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using AmiiboJsonSerializerContext = Ryujinx.Ui.Common.Models.Amiibo.AmiiboJsonSerializerContext;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
 {
@@ -31,8 +32,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
         private readonly StyleableWindow _owner;
 
         private Bitmap _amiiboImage;
-        private List<Amiibo.AmiiboApi> _amiiboList;
-        private AvaloniaList<Amiibo.AmiiboApi> _amiibos;
+        private List<AmiiboApi> _amiiboList;
+        private AvaloniaList<AmiiboApi> _amiibos;
         private ObservableCollection<string> _amiiboSeries;
 
         private int _amiiboSelectedIndex;
@@ -41,6 +42,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
         private bool _showAllAmiibo;
         private bool _useRandomUuid;
         private string _usage;
+        
+        private static readonly AmiiboJsonSerializerContext SerializerContext = new(JsonHelper.GetDefaultSerializerOptions());
 
         public AmiiboWindowViewModel(StyleableWindow owner, string lastScannedAmiiboId, string titleId)
         {
@@ -52,9 +55,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
             Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.Join(AppDataManager.BaseDirPath, "system", "amiibo"));
 
             _amiiboJsonPath = Path.Join(AppDataManager.BaseDirPath, "system", "amiibo", "Amiibo.json");
-            _amiiboList = new List<Amiibo.AmiiboApi>();
+            _amiiboList = new List<AmiiboApi>();
             _amiiboSeries = new ObservableCollection<string>();
-            _amiibos = new AvaloniaList<Amiibo.AmiiboApi>();
+            _amiibos = new AvaloniaList<AmiiboApi>();
 
             _amiiboLogoBytes = EmbeddedResources.Read("Ryujinx.Ui.Common/Resources/Logo_Amiibo.png");
 
@@ -94,7 +97,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
             }
         }
 
-        public AvaloniaList<Amiibo.AmiiboApi> AmiiboList
+        public AvaloniaList<AmiiboApi> AmiiboList
         {
             get => _amiibos;
             set
@@ -187,9 +190,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
 
             if (File.Exists(_amiiboJsonPath))
             {
-                amiiboJsonString = File.ReadAllText(_amiiboJsonPath);
+                amiiboJsonString = await File.ReadAllTextAsync(_amiiboJsonPath);
 
-                if (await NeedsUpdate(JsonHelper.Deserialize<Amiibo.AmiiboJson>(amiiboJsonString).LastUpdated))
+                if (await NeedsUpdate(JsonHelper.Deserialize(amiiboJsonString, SerializerContext.AmiiboJson).LastUpdated))
                 {
                     amiiboJsonString = await DownloadAmiiboJson();
                 }
@@ -206,7 +209,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
                 }
             }
 
-            _amiiboList = JsonHelper.Deserialize<Amiibo.AmiiboJson>(amiiboJsonString).Amiibo;
+            _amiiboList = JsonHelper.Deserialize(amiiboJsonString, SerializerContext.AmiiboJson).Amiibo;
             _amiiboList = _amiiboList.OrderBy(amiibo => amiibo.AmiiboSeries).ToList();
 
             ParseAmiiboData();
@@ -223,7 +226,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
                 {
                     if (!ShowAllAmiibo)
                     {
-                        foreach (Amiibo.AmiiboApiGamesSwitch game in _amiiboList[i].GamesSwitch)
+                        foreach (AmiiboApiGamesSwitch game in _amiiboList[i].GamesSwitch)
                         {
                             if (game != null)
                             {
@@ -255,7 +258,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
 
         private void SelectLastScannedAmiibo()
         {
-            Amiibo.AmiiboApi scanned = _amiiboList.FirstOrDefault(amiibo => amiibo.GetId() == LastScannedAmiiboId);
+            AmiiboApi scanned = _amiiboList.FirstOrDefault(amiibo => amiibo.GetId() == LastScannedAmiiboId);
 
             SeriesSelectedIndex = AmiiboSeries.IndexOf(scanned.AmiiboSeries);
             AmiiboSelectedIndex = AmiiboList.IndexOf(scanned);
@@ -270,7 +273,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
                 return;
             }
 
-            List<Amiibo.AmiiboApi> amiiboSortedList = _amiiboList
+            List<AmiiboApi> amiiboSortedList = _amiiboList
                 .Where(amiibo => amiibo.AmiiboSeries == _amiiboSeries[SeriesSelectedIndex])
                 .OrderBy(amiibo => amiibo.Name).ToList();
 
@@ -280,7 +283,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
                 {
                     if (!_showAllAmiibo)
                     {
-                        foreach (Amiibo.AmiiboApiGamesSwitch game in amiiboSortedList[i].GamesSwitch)
+                        foreach (AmiiboApiGamesSwitch game in amiiboSortedList[i].GamesSwitch)
                         {
                             if (game != null)
                             {
@@ -314,7 +317,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
                 return;
             }
 
-            Amiibo.AmiiboApi selected = _amiibos[_amiiboSelectedIndex];
+            AmiiboApi selected = _amiibos[_amiiboSelectedIndex];
 
             string imageUrl = _amiiboList.FirstOrDefault(amiibo => amiibo.Equals(selected)).Image;
 
@@ -326,11 +329,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
                 {
                     bool writable = false;
 
-                    foreach (Amiibo.AmiiboApiGamesSwitch item in _amiiboList[i].GamesSwitch)
+                    foreach (AmiiboApiGamesSwitch item in _amiiboList[i].GamesSwitch)
                     {
                         if (item.GameId.Contains(TitleId))
                         {
-                            foreach (Amiibo.AmiiboApiUsage usageItem in item.AmiiboUsage)
+                            foreach (AmiiboApiUsage usageItem in item.AmiiboUsage)
                             {
                                 usageString += Environment.NewLine +
                                                $"- {usageItem.Usage.Replace("/", Environment.NewLine + "-")}";

Ryujinx.Ava/UI/ViewModels/ControllerSettingsViewModel.cs

@@ -51,6 +51,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
         private bool _isLoaded;
         private readonly UserControl _owner;
 
+        private static readonly InputConfigJsonSerializerContext SerializerContext = new(JsonHelper.GetDefaultSerializerOptions());
+
         public IGamepadDriver AvaloniaKeyboardDriver { get; }
         public IGamepad SelectedGamepad { get; private set; }
 
@@ -706,10 +708,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
 
                 try
                 {
-                    using (Stream stream = File.OpenRead(path))
-                    {
-                        config = JsonHelper.Deserialize<InputConfig>(stream);
-                    }
+                    config = JsonHelper.DeserializeFromFile(path, SerializerContext.InputConfig);
                 }
                 catch (JsonException) { }
                 catch (InvalidOperationException)
@@ -775,7 +774,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
 
                     config.ControllerType = Controllers[_controller].Type;
 
-                    string jsonString = JsonHelper.Serialize(config, true);
+                    string jsonString = JsonHelper.Serialize(config, SerializerContext.InputConfig);
 
                     await File.WriteAllTextAsync(path, jsonString);
 

Ryujinx.Ava/UI/ViewModels/DownloadableContentManagerViewModel.cs

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
-using System.Text;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Path = System.IO.Path;
 
@@ -41,6 +40,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
         private ulong _titleId;
         private string _titleName;
 
+        private static readonly DownloadableContentJsonSerializerContext SerializerContext = new(JsonHelper.GetDefaultSerializerOptions());
+
         public AvaloniaList<DownloadableContentModel> DownloadableContents
         {
             get => _downloadableContents;
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
 
             try
             {
-                _downloadableContentContainerList = JsonHelper.DeserializeFromFile<List<DownloadableContentContainer>>(_downloadableContentJsonPath);
+                _downloadableContentContainerList = JsonHelper.DeserializeFromFile(_downloadableContentJsonPath, SerializerContext.ListDownloadableContentContainer);
             }
             catch
             {
@@ -330,10 +331,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
                 _downloadableContentContainerList.Add(container);
             }
 
-            using (FileStream downloadableContentJsonStream = File.Create(_downloadableContentJsonPath, 4096, FileOptions.WriteThrough))
-            {
-                downloadableContentJsonStream.Write(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(JsonHelper.Serialize(_downloadableContentContainerList, true)));
-            }
+            JsonHelper.SerializeToFile(_downloadableContentJsonPath, _downloadableContentContainerList, SerializerContext.ListDownloadableContentContainer);
         }
 
     }

Ryujinx.Ava/UI/ViewModels/MainWindowViewModel.cs

@@ -1208,10 +1208,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
 
         public void SetUIProgressHandlers(Switch emulationContext)
         {
-            if (emulationContext.Application.DiskCacheLoadState != null)
+            if (emulationContext.Processes.ActiveApplication.DiskCacheLoadState != null)
             {
-                emulationContext.Application.DiskCacheLoadState.StateChanged -= ProgressHandler;
-                emulationContext.Application.DiskCacheLoadState.StateChanged += ProgressHandler;
+                emulationContext.Processes.ActiveApplication.DiskCacheLoadState.StateChanged -= ProgressHandler;
+                emulationContext.Processes.ActiveApplication.DiskCacheLoadState.StateChanged += ProgressHandler;
             }
 
             emulationContext.Gpu.ShaderCacheStateChanged -= ProgressHandler;
@@ -1705,8 +1705,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
 
                 if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(titleName))
                 {
-                    LoadHeading = LocaleManager.Instance.UpdateAndGetDynamicValue(LocaleKeys.LoadingHeading, AppHost.Device.Application.TitleName);
-                    TitleName   = AppHost.Device.Application.TitleName;
+                    LoadHeading = LocaleManager.Instance.UpdateAndGetDynamicValue(LocaleKeys.LoadingHeading, AppHost.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.Name);
+                    TitleName   = AppHost.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.Name;
                 }
 
                 SwitchToRenderer(startFullscreen);

Ryujinx.Ava/UI/ViewModels/TitleUpdateViewModel.cs

@@ -17,234 +17,236 @@ using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS;
+using Ryujinx.Ui.App.Common;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
-using System.Text;
 using Path = System.IO.Path;
 using SpanHelpers = LibHac.Common.SpanHelpers;
 
-namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels;
-
-public class TitleUpdateViewModel : BaseModel
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
 {
-    public TitleUpdateMetadata _titleUpdateWindowData;
-    public readonly string     _titleUpdateJsonPath;
-    private VirtualFileSystem  _virtualFileSystem { get; }
-    private ulong              _titleId           { get; }
-    private string             _titleName         { get; }
-
-    private AvaloniaList<TitleUpdateModel> _titleUpdates = new();
-    private AvaloniaList<object> _views = new();
-    private object _selectedUpdate;
-
-    public AvaloniaList<TitleUpdateModel> TitleUpdates
+    public class TitleUpdateViewModel : BaseModel
     {
-        get => _titleUpdates;
-        set
+        public TitleUpdateMetadata _titleUpdateWindowData;
+        public readonly string     _titleUpdateJsonPath;
+        private VirtualFileSystem  _virtualFileSystem { get; }
+        private ulong              _titleId           { get; }
+        private string             _titleName         { get; }
+
+        private AvaloniaList<TitleUpdateModel> _titleUpdates = new();
+        private AvaloniaList<object> _views = new();
+        private object _selectedUpdate;
+
+        private static readonly TitleUpdateMetadataJsonSerializerContext SerializerContext = new(JsonHelper.GetDefaultSerializerOptions());
+
+        public AvaloniaList<TitleUpdateModel> TitleUpdates
         {
-            _titleUpdates = value;
-            OnPropertyChanged();
-        }
-    }
-
-    public AvaloniaList<object> Views
-    {
-        get => _views;
-        set
-        {
-            _views = value;
-            OnPropertyChanged();
-        }
-    }
-
-    public object SelectedUpdate
-    {
-        get => _selectedUpdate;
-        set
-        {
-            _selectedUpdate = value;
-            OnPropertyChanged();
-        }
-    }
-
-    public TitleUpdateViewModel(VirtualFileSystem virtualFileSystem, ulong titleId, string titleName)
-    {
-        _virtualFileSystem = virtualFileSystem;
-
-        _titleId   = titleId;
-        _titleName = titleName;
-
-        _titleUpdateJsonPath = Path.Combine(AppDataManager.GamesDirPath, titleId.ToString("x16"), "updates.json");
-
-        try
-        {
-            _titleUpdateWindowData = JsonHelper.DeserializeFromFile<TitleUpdateMetadata>(_titleUpdateJsonPath);
-        }
-        catch
-        {
-            Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Failed to deserialize title update data for {_titleId} at {_titleUpdateJsonPath}");
-
-            _titleUpdateWindowData = new TitleUpdateMetadata
+            get => _titleUpdates;
+            set
             {
-                Selected = "",
-                Paths    = new List<string>()
-            };
-
-            Save();
-        }
-
-        LoadUpdates();
-    }
-
-    private void LoadUpdates()
-    {
-        foreach (string path in _titleUpdateWindowData.Paths)
-        {
-            AddUpdate(path);
-        }
-
-        TitleUpdateModel selected = TitleUpdates.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Path == _titleUpdateWindowData.Selected, null);
-
-        SelectedUpdate = selected;
-
-        // NOTE: Save the list again to remove leftovers.
-        Save();
-
-        SortUpdates();
-    }
-
-    public void SortUpdates()
-    {
-        var list = TitleUpdates.ToList();
-
-        list.Sort((first, second) =>
-        {
-            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(first.Control.DisplayVersionString.ToString()))
-            {
-                return -1;
-            }
-            else if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(second.Control.DisplayVersionString.ToString()))
-            {
-                return 1;
-            }
-
-            return Version.Parse(first.Control.DisplayVersionString.ToString()).CompareTo(Version.Parse(second.Control.DisplayVersionString.ToString())) * -1;
-        });
-
-        Views.Clear();
-        Views.Add(new BaseModel());
-        Views.AddRange(list);
-
-        if (SelectedUpdate == null)
-        {
-            SelectedUpdate = Views[0];
-        }
-        else if (!TitleUpdates.Contains(SelectedUpdate))
-        {
-            if (Views.Count > 1)
-            {
-                SelectedUpdate = Views[1];
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                SelectedUpdate = Views[0];
+                _titleUpdates = value;
+                OnPropertyChanged();
             }
         }
-    }
 
-    private void AddUpdate(string path)
-    {
-        if (File.Exists(path) && TitleUpdates.All(x => x.Path != path))
+        public AvaloniaList<object> Views
         {
-            using FileStream file = new(path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+            get => _views;
+            set
+            {
+                _views = value;
+                OnPropertyChanged();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public object SelectedUpdate
+        {
+            get => _selectedUpdate;
+            set
+            {
+                _selectedUpdate = value;
+                OnPropertyChanged();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public TitleUpdateViewModel(VirtualFileSystem virtualFileSystem, ulong titleId, string titleName)
+        {
+            _virtualFileSystem = virtualFileSystem;
+
+            _titleId   = titleId;
+            _titleName = titleName;
+
+            _titleUpdateJsonPath = Path.Combine(AppDataManager.GamesDirPath, titleId.ToString("x16"), "updates.json");
 
             try
             {
-                (Nca patchNca, Nca controlNca) = ApplicationLoader.GetGameUpdateDataFromPartition(_virtualFileSystem, new PartitionFileSystem(file.AsStorage()), _titleId.ToString("x16"), 0);
+                _titleUpdateWindowData = JsonHelper.DeserializeFromFile(_titleUpdateJsonPath, SerializerContext.TitleUpdateMetadata);
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Failed to deserialize title update data for {_titleId} at {_titleUpdateJsonPath}");
 
-                if (controlNca != null && patchNca != null)
+                _titleUpdateWindowData = new TitleUpdateMetadata
                 {
-                    ApplicationControlProperty controlData = new();
+                    Selected = "",
+                    Paths    = new List<string>()
+                };
 
-                    using UniqueRef<IFile> nacpFile = new();
+                Save();
+            }
 
-                    controlNca.OpenFileSystem(NcaSectionType.Data, IntegrityCheckLevel.None).OpenFile(ref nacpFile.Ref, "/control.nacp".ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).ThrowIfFailure();
-                    nacpFile.Get.Read(out _, 0, SpanHelpers.AsByteSpan(ref controlData), ReadOption.None).ThrowIfFailure();
+            LoadUpdates();
+        }
 
-                    TitleUpdates.Add(new TitleUpdateModel(controlData, path));
+        private void LoadUpdates()
+        {
+            foreach (string path in _titleUpdateWindowData.Paths)
+            {
+                AddUpdate(path);
+            }
+
+            TitleUpdateModel selected = TitleUpdates.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Path == _titleUpdateWindowData.Selected, null);
+
+            SelectedUpdate = selected;
+
+            // NOTE: Save the list again to remove leftovers.
+            Save();
+            SortUpdates();
+        }
+
+        public void SortUpdates()
+        {
+            var list = TitleUpdates.ToList();
+
+            list.Sort((first, second) =>
+            {
+                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(first.Control.DisplayVersionString.ToString()))
+                {
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                else if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(second.Control.DisplayVersionString.ToString()))
+                {
+                    return 1;
+                }
+
+                return Version.Parse(first.Control.DisplayVersionString.ToString()).CompareTo(Version.Parse(second.Control.DisplayVersionString.ToString())) * -1;
+            });
+
+            Views.Clear();
+            Views.Add(new BaseModel());
+            Views.AddRange(list);
+
+            if (SelectedUpdate == null)
+            {
+                SelectedUpdate = Views[0];
+            }
+            else if (!TitleUpdates.Contains(SelectedUpdate))
+            {
+                if (Views.Count > 1)
+                {
+                    SelectedUpdate = Views[1];
                 }
                 else
+                {
+                    SelectedUpdate = Views[0];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void AddUpdate(string path)
+        {
+            if (File.Exists(path) && TitleUpdates.All(x => x.Path != path))
+            {
+                using FileStream file = new(path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+
+                try
+                {
+                    (Nca patchNca, Nca controlNca) = ApplicationLibrary.GetGameUpdateDataFromPartition(_virtualFileSystem, new PartitionFileSystem(file.AsStorage()), _titleId.ToString("x16"), 0);
+
+                    if (controlNca != null && patchNca != null)
+                    {
+                        ApplicationControlProperty controlData = new();
+
+                        using UniqueRef<IFile> nacpFile = new();
+
+                        controlNca.OpenFileSystem(NcaSectionType.Data, IntegrityCheckLevel.None).OpenFile(ref nacpFile.Ref, "/control.nacp".ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).ThrowIfFailure();
+                        nacpFile.Get.Read(out _, 0, SpanHelpers.AsByteSpan(ref controlData), ReadOption.None).ThrowIfFailure();
+
+                        TitleUpdates.Add(new TitleUpdateModel(controlData, path));
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(async () =>
+                        {
+                            await ContentDialogHelper.CreateErrorDialog(LocaleManager.Instance[LocaleKeys.DialogUpdateAddUpdateErrorMessage]);
+                        });
+                    }
+                }
+                catch (Exception ex)
                 {
                     Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(async () =>
                     {
-                        await ContentDialogHelper.CreateErrorDialog(LocaleManager.Instance[LocaleKeys.DialogUpdateAddUpdateErrorMessage]);
+                        await ContentDialogHelper.CreateErrorDialog(LocaleManager.Instance.UpdateAndGetDynamicValue(LocaleKeys.DialogLoadNcaErrorMessage, ex.Message, path));
                     });
                 }
             }
-            catch (Exception ex)
-            {
-                Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(async () =>
-                {
-                    await ContentDialogHelper.CreateErrorDialog(LocaleManager.Instance.UpdateAndGetDynamicValue(LocaleKeys.DialogLoadNcaErrorMessage, ex.Message, path));
-                });
-            }
         }
-    }
 
-    public void RemoveUpdate(TitleUpdateModel update)
-    {
-        TitleUpdates.Remove(update);
-
-        SortUpdates();
-    }
-
-    public async void Add()
-    {
-        OpenFileDialog dialog = new()
+        public void RemoveUpdate(TitleUpdateModel update)
         {
-            Title         = LocaleManager.Instance[LocaleKeys.SelectUpdateDialogTitle],
-            AllowMultiple = true
-        };
+            TitleUpdates.Remove(update);
 
-        dialog.Filters.Add(new FileDialogFilter
+            SortUpdates();
+        }
+
+        public async void Add()
         {
-            Name       = "NSP",
-            Extensions = { "nsp" }
-        });
-
-        if (Avalonia.Application.Current.ApplicationLifetime is IClassicDesktopStyleApplicationLifetime desktop)
-        {
-            string[] files = await dialog.ShowAsync(desktop.MainWindow);
-
-            if (files != null)
+            OpenFileDialog dialog = new()
             {
-                foreach (string file in files)
+                Title         = LocaleManager.Instance[LocaleKeys.SelectUpdateDialogTitle],
+                AllowMultiple = true
+            };
+
+            dialog.Filters.Add(new FileDialogFilter
+            {
+                Name       = "NSP",
+                Extensions = { "nsp" }
+            });
+
+            if (Avalonia.Application.Current.ApplicationLifetime is IClassicDesktopStyleApplicationLifetime desktop)
+            {
+                string[] files = await dialog.ShowAsync(desktop.MainWindow);
+
+                if (files != null)
                 {
-                    AddUpdate(file);
+                    foreach (string file in files)
+                    {
+                        AddUpdate(file);
+                    }
                 }
             }
+
+            SortUpdates();
         }
 
-        SortUpdates();
-    }
-
-    public void Save()
-    {
-        _titleUpdateWindowData.Paths.Clear();
-        _titleUpdateWindowData.Selected = "";
-
-        foreach (TitleUpdateModel update in TitleUpdates)
+        public void Save()
         {
-            _titleUpdateWindowData.Paths.Add(update.Path);
+            _titleUpdateWindowData.Paths.Clear();
+            _titleUpdateWindowData.Selected = "";
 
-            if (update == SelectedUpdate)
+            foreach (TitleUpdateModel update in TitleUpdates)
             {
-                _titleUpdateWindowData.Selected = update.Path;
-            }
-        }
+                _titleUpdateWindowData.Paths.Add(update.Path);
 
-        File.WriteAllBytes(_titleUpdateJsonPath, Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(JsonHelper.Serialize(_titleUpdateWindowData, true)));
+                if (update == SelectedUpdate)
+                {
+                    _titleUpdateWindowData.Selected = update.Path;
+                }
+            }
+
+            JsonHelper.SerializeToFile(_titleUpdateJsonPath, _titleUpdateWindowData, SerializerContext.TitleUpdateMetadata);
+        }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Ava/UI/Views/Main/MainMenuBarView.axaml.cs

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Views.Main
             {
                 string languageCode = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(locale).Split('.').Last();
                 string languageJson = EmbeddedResources.ReadAllText($"{localePath}/{languageCode}{localeExt}");
-                var    strings      = JsonHelper.Deserialize<Dictionary<string, string>>(languageJson);
+                var    strings      = JsonHelper.Deserialize(languageJson, CommonJsonContext.Default.StringDictionary);
 
                 if (!strings.TryGetValue("Language", out string languageName))
                 {
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Views.Main
 
             if (ViewModel.AppHost.Device.System.SearchingForAmiibo(out int deviceId))
             {
-                string titleId = ViewModel.AppHost.Device.Application.TitleIdText.ToUpper();
+                string titleId = ViewModel.AppHost.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ProgramIdText.ToUpper();
                 AmiiboWindow window = new(ViewModel.ShowAll, ViewModel.LastScannedAmiiboId, titleId);
 
                 await window.ShowDialog(Window);
@@ -148,13 +148,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Views.Main
                 return;
             }
 
-            ApplicationLoader application = ViewModel.AppHost.Device.Application;
-            if (application != null)
-            {
-                await new CheatWindow(Window.VirtualFileSystem, application.TitleIdText, application.TitleName).ShowDialog(Window);
+            string name = ViewModel.AppHost.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ApplicationControlProperties.Title[(int)ViewModel.AppHost.Device.System.State.DesiredTitleLanguage].NameString.ToString();
 
-                ViewModel.AppHost.Device.EnableCheats();
-            }
+            await new CheatWindow(Window.VirtualFileSystem, ViewModel.AppHost.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ProgramIdText, name).ShowDialog(Window);
+
+            ViewModel.AppHost.Device.EnableCheats();
         }
 
         private void ScanAmiiboMenuItem_AttachedToVisualTree(object sender, VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs e)

Ryujinx.Ava/UI/Windows/AmiiboWindow.axaml.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 using Avalonia.Interactivity;
 using Ryujinx.Ava.Common.Locale;
-using Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Models;
 using Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels;
+using Ryujinx.Ui.Common.Models.Amiibo;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Windows
 {
@@ -35,14 +35,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Windows
         }
 
         public bool IsScanned { get; set; }
-        public Amiibo.AmiiboApi ScannedAmiibo { get; set; }
+        public AmiiboApi ScannedAmiibo { get; set; }
         public AmiiboWindowViewModel ViewModel { get; set; }
 
         private void ScanButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
         {
             if (ViewModel.AmiiboSelectedIndex > -1)
             {
-                Amiibo.AmiiboApi amiibo = ViewModel.AmiiboList[ViewModel.AmiiboSelectedIndex];
+                AmiiboApi amiibo = ViewModel.AmiiboList[ViewModel.AmiiboSelectedIndex];
                 ScannedAmiibo = amiibo;
                 IsScanned = true;
                 Close();

Ryujinx.Ava/UI/Windows/TitleUpdateWindow.axaml.cs

@@ -6,11 +6,8 @@ using Ryujinx.Ava.Common.Locale;
 using Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Helpers;
 using Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Models;
 using Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels;
-using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem;
 using Ryujinx.Ui.Common.Helper;
-using System.IO;
-using System.Text;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Button = Avalonia.Controls.Button;
 

Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/AntiAliasing.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
-namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration
+using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration
 {
+    [JsonConverter(typeof(TypedStringEnumConverter<AntiAliasing>))]
     public enum AntiAliasing
     {
         None,
@@ -9,4 +13,4 @@
         SmaaHigh,
         SmaaUltra
     }
-}
+}

Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/AspectRatioExtensions.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
-namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration
+using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration
 {
+    [JsonConverter(typeof(TypedStringEnumConverter<AspectRatio>))]
     public enum AspectRatio
     {
         Fixed4x3,

Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/BackendThreading.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
-namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration
+using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration
 {
+    [JsonConverter(typeof(TypedStringEnumConverter<BackendThreading>))]
     public enum BackendThreading
     {
         Auto,

Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/DownloadableContentJsonSerializerContext.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration
+{
+    [JsonSourceGenerationOptions(WriteIndented = true)]
+    [JsonSerializable(typeof(List<DownloadableContentContainer>))]
+    public partial class DownloadableContentJsonSerializerContext : JsonSerializerContext
+    {
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/GraphicsBackend.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
-namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration
+using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration
 {
+    [JsonConverter(typeof(TypedStringEnumConverter<GraphicsBackend>))]
     public enum GraphicsBackend
     {
         Vulkan,

Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/GraphicsDebugLevel.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
 namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration
 {
+    [JsonConverter(typeof(TypedStringEnumConverter<GraphicsDebugLevel>))]
     public enum GraphicsDebugLevel
     {
         None,

Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/Hid/Controller/GamepadInputId.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
-namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid.Controller
+using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid.Controller
 {
+    [JsonConverter(typeof(TypedStringEnumConverter<GamepadInputId>))]
     public enum GamepadInputId : byte
     {
         Unbound,
@@ -51,4 +55,4 @@
 
         Count
     }
-}
+}

Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/Hid/Controller/Motion/JsonMotionConfigControllerConverter.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-using System;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
+using System;
 using System.Text.Json;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
 
@@ -6,6 +7,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid.Controller.Motion
 {
     class JsonMotionConfigControllerConverter : JsonConverter<MotionConfigController>
     {
+        private static readonly MotionConfigJsonSerializerContext SerializerContext = new(JsonHelper.GetDefaultSerializerOptions());
+
         private static MotionInputBackendType GetMotionInputBackendType(ref Utf8JsonReader reader)
         {
             // Temporary reader to get the backend type
@@ -52,8 +55,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid.Controller.Motion
 
             return motionBackendType switch
             {
-                MotionInputBackendType.GamepadDriver => (MotionConfigController)JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, typeof(StandardMotionConfigController), options),
-                MotionInputBackendType.CemuHook => (MotionConfigController)JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, typeof(CemuHookMotionConfigController), options),
+                MotionInputBackendType.GamepadDriver => JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, SerializerContext.StandardMotionConfigController),
+                MotionInputBackendType.CemuHook => JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, SerializerContext.CemuHookMotionConfigController),
                 _ => throw new InvalidOperationException($"Unknown backend type {motionBackendType}"),
             };
         }
@@ -63,10 +66,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid.Controller.Motion
             switch (value.MotionBackend)
             {
                 case MotionInputBackendType.GamepadDriver:
-                    JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value as StandardMotionConfigController, options);
+                    JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value as StandardMotionConfigController, SerializerContext.StandardMotionConfigController);
                     break;
                 case MotionInputBackendType.CemuHook:
-                    JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value as CemuHookMotionConfigController, options);
+                    JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value as CemuHookMotionConfigController, SerializerContext.CemuHookMotionConfigController);
                     break;
                 default:
                     throw new ArgumentException($"Unknown motion backend type {value.MotionBackend}");

Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/Hid/Controller/Motion/MotionConfigController.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
-namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid.Controller.Motion
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid.Controller.Motion
 {
+    [JsonConverter(typeof(JsonMotionConfigControllerConverter))]
     public class MotionConfigController
     {
         public MotionInputBackendType MotionBackend { get; set; }

Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/Hid/Controller/Motion/MotionConfigJsonSerializerContext.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid.Controller.Motion
+{
+    [JsonSourceGenerationOptions(WriteIndented = true)]
+    [JsonSerializable(typeof(MotionConfigController))]
+    [JsonSerializable(typeof(CemuHookMotionConfigController))]
+    [JsonSerializable(typeof(StandardMotionConfigController))]
+    public partial class MotionConfigJsonSerializerContext : JsonSerializerContext
+    {
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/Hid/Controller/Motion/MotionInputBackendType.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
-namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid.Controller.Motion
+using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid.Controller.Motion
 {
+    [JsonConverter(typeof(TypedStringEnumConverter<MotionInputBackendType>))]
     public enum MotionInputBackendType : byte
     {
         Invalid,

Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/Hid/Controller/StickInputId.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
-namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid.Controller
+using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid.Controller
 {
+    [JsonConverter(typeof(TypedStringEnumConverter<StickInputId>))]
     public enum StickInputId : byte
     {
         Unbound,
@@ -8,4 +12,4 @@
 
         Count
     }
-}
+}

Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/Hid/ControllerType.cs

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
 using System;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid
 {
-    [Flags]
     // This enum was duplicated from Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Hid.PlayerIndex and should be kept identical
+    [Flags]
+    [JsonConverter(typeof(TypedStringEnumConverter<ControllerType>))]
     public enum ControllerType : int
     {
         None,

Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/Hid/InputBackendType.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
-namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid
+using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid
 {
+    [JsonConverter(typeof(TypedStringEnumConverter<InputBackendType>))]
     public enum InputBackendType
     {
         Invalid,

Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/Hid/InputConfig.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 using System.ComponentModel;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid
 {
+    [JsonConverter(typeof(JsonInputConfigConverter))]
     public class InputConfig : INotifyPropertyChanged
     {
         /// <summary>

Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/Hid/InputConfigJsonSerializerContext.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid.Controller;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid.Keyboard;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid
+{
+    [JsonSourceGenerationOptions(WriteIndented = true)]
+    [JsonSerializable(typeof(InputConfig))]
+    [JsonSerializable(typeof(StandardKeyboardInputConfig))]
+    [JsonSerializable(typeof(StandardControllerInputConfig))]
+    public partial class InputConfigJsonSerializerContext : JsonSerializerContext
+    {
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/Hid/JsonInputConfigConverter.cs

@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid.Controller;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid.Keyboard;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
 using System;
 using System.Text.Json;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid
 {
-    class JsonInputConfigConverter : JsonConverter<InputConfig>
+    public class JsonInputConfigConverter : JsonConverter<InputConfig>
     {
+        private static readonly InputConfigJsonSerializerContext SerializerContext = new(JsonHelper.GetDefaultSerializerOptions());
+
         private static InputBackendType GetInputBackendType(ref Utf8JsonReader reader)
         {
             // Temporary reader to get the backend type
@@ -54,8 +57,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid
 
             return backendType switch
             {
-                InputBackendType.WindowKeyboard => (InputConfig)JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, typeof(StandardKeyboardInputConfig), options),
-                InputBackendType.GamepadSDL2 => (InputConfig)JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, typeof(StandardControllerInputConfig), options),
+                InputBackendType.WindowKeyboard => JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, SerializerContext.StandardKeyboardInputConfig),
+                InputBackendType.GamepadSDL2 => JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, SerializerContext.StandardControllerInputConfig),
                 _ => throw new InvalidOperationException($"Unknown backend type {backendType}"),
             };
         }
@@ -65,10 +68,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid
             switch (value.Backend)
             {
                 case InputBackendType.WindowKeyboard:
-                    JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value as StandardKeyboardInputConfig, options);
+                    JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value as StandardKeyboardInputConfig, SerializerContext.StandardKeyboardInputConfig);
                     break;
                 case InputBackendType.GamepadSDL2:
-                    JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value as StandardControllerInputConfig, options);
+                    JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value as StandardControllerInputConfig, SerializerContext.StandardControllerInputConfig);
                     break;
                 default:
                     throw new ArgumentException($"Unknown backend type {value.Backend}");

Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/Hid/Key.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
-namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid
+using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid
 {
+    [JsonConverter(typeof(TypedStringEnumConverter<Key>))]
     public enum Key
     {
         Unknown,
@@ -136,4 +140,4 @@
 
         Count
     }
-}
+}

Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/Hid/KeyboardHotkeys.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid
 {
+    // NOTE: Please don't change this to struct.
+    //       This breaks Avalonia's TwoWay binding, which makes us unable to save new KeyboardHotkeys.
     public class KeyboardHotkeys
     {
         public Key ToggleVsync { get; set; }
@@ -12,4 +14,4 @@
         public Key VolumeUp { get; set; }
         public Key VolumeDown { get; set; }
     }
-}
+}

Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/Hid/PlayerIndex.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
 namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid
 {
     // This enum was duplicated from Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Hid.PlayerIndex and should be kept identical
+    [JsonConverter(typeof(TypedStringEnumConverter<PlayerIndex>))]
     public enum PlayerIndex : int
     {
         Player1  = 0,

Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/MemoryManagerMode.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
-namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration
+using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration
 {
+    [JsonConverter(typeof(TypedStringEnumConverter<MemoryManagerMode>))]
     public enum MemoryManagerMode : byte
     {
         SoftwarePageTable,

Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/ScalingFilter.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
 namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration
 {
+    [JsonConverter(typeof(TypedStringEnumConverter<ScalingFilter>))]
     public enum ScalingFilter
     {
         Bilinear,

Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/TitleUpdateMetadataJsonSerializerContext.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration
+{
+    [JsonSourceGenerationOptions(WriteIndented = true)]
+    [JsonSerializable(typeof(TitleUpdateMetadata))]
+    public partial class TitleUpdateMetadataJsonSerializerContext : JsonSerializerContext
+    {
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Common/Logging/Formatters/DefaultLogFormatter.cs

@@ -1,22 +1,20 @@
-using System;
-using System.Reflection;
-using System.Text;
+using System.Text;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Common.Logging
 {
     internal class DefaultLogFormatter : ILogFormatter
     {
-        private static readonly ObjectPool<StringBuilder> _stringBuilderPool = SharedPools.Default<StringBuilder>();
+        private static readonly ObjectPool<StringBuilder> StringBuilderPool = SharedPools.Default<StringBuilder>();
 
         public string Format(LogEventArgs args)
         {
-            StringBuilder sb = _stringBuilderPool.Allocate();
+            StringBuilder sb = StringBuilderPool.Allocate();
 
             try
             {
                 sb.Clear();
 
-                sb.AppendFormat(@"{0:hh\:mm\:ss\.fff}", args.Time);
+                sb.Append($@"{args.Time:hh\:mm\:ss\.fff}");
                 sb.Append($" |{args.Level.ToString()[0]}| ");
 
                 if (args.ThreadName != null)
@@ -27,53 +25,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Logging
 
                 sb.Append(args.Message);
 
-                if (args.Data != null)
+                if (args.Data is not null)
                 {
-                    PropertyInfo[] props = args.Data.GetType().GetProperties();
-
-                    sb.Append(" {");
-
-                    foreach (var prop in props)
-                    {
-                        sb.Append(prop.Name);
-                        sb.Append(": ");
-
-                        if (typeof(Array).IsAssignableFrom(prop.PropertyType))
-                        {
-                            Array array = (Array)prop.GetValue(args.Data);
-                            foreach (var item in array)
-                            {
-                                sb.Append(item.ToString());
-                                sb.Append(", ");
-                            }
-
-                            if (array.Length > 0)
-                            {
-                                sb.Remove(sb.Length - 2, 2);
-                            }
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            sb.Append(prop.GetValue(args.Data));
-                        }
-
-                        sb.Append(" ; ");
-                    }
-
-                    // We remove the final ';' from the string
-                    if (props.Length > 0)
-                    {
-                        sb.Remove(sb.Length - 3, 3);
-                    }
-
-                    sb.Append('}');
+                    sb.Append(' ');
+                    DynamicObjectFormatter.Format(sb, args.Data);
                 }
 
                 return sb.ToString();
             }
             finally
             {
-                _stringBuilderPool.Release(sb);
+                StringBuilderPool.Release(sb);
             }
         }
     }

Ryujinx.Common/Logging/Formatters/DynamicObjectFormatter.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#nullable enable
+using System;
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Common.Logging
+{
+    internal class DynamicObjectFormatter
+    {
+        private static readonly ObjectPool<StringBuilder> StringBuilderPool = SharedPools.Default<StringBuilder>();
+
+        public static string? Format(object? dynamicObject)
+        {
+            if (dynamicObject is null)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            StringBuilder sb = StringBuilderPool.Allocate();
+            
+            try
+            {
+                Format(sb, dynamicObject);
+
+                return sb.ToString();
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                StringBuilderPool.Release(sb);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static void Format(StringBuilder sb, object? dynamicObject)
+        {
+            if (dynamicObject is null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            PropertyInfo[] props = dynamicObject.GetType().GetProperties();
+
+            sb.Append('{');
+
+            foreach (var prop in props)
+            {
+                sb.Append(prop.Name);
+                sb.Append(": ");
+
+                if (typeof(Array).IsAssignableFrom(prop.PropertyType))
+                {
+                    Array? array = (Array?) prop.GetValue(dynamicObject);
+
+                    if (array is not null)
+                    {
+                        foreach (var item in array)
+                        {
+                            sb.Append(item);
+                            sb.Append(", ");
+                        }
+
+                        if (array.Length > 0)
+                        {
+                            sb.Remove(sb.Length - 2, 2);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    sb.Append(prop.GetValue(dynamicObject));
+                }
+
+                sb.Append(" ; ");
+            }
+
+            // We remove the final ';' from the string
+            if (props.Length > 0)
+            {
+                sb.Remove(sb.Length - 3, 3);
+            }
+
+            sb.Append('}');
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Common/Logging/LogClass.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
 namespace Ryujinx.Common.Logging
 {
+    [JsonConverter(typeof(TypedStringEnumConverter<LogClass>))]
     public enum LogClass
     {
         Application,

Ryujinx.Common/Logging/LogEventArgs.cs

@@ -11,15 +11,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Logging
         public readonly string Message;
         public readonly object Data;
 
-        public LogEventArgs(LogLevel level, TimeSpan time, string threadName, string message)
-        {
-            Level      = level;
-            Time       = time;
-            ThreadName = threadName;
-            Message    = message;
-        }
-
-        public LogEventArgs(LogLevel level, TimeSpan time, string threadName, string message, object data)
+        public LogEventArgs(LogLevel level, TimeSpan time, string threadName, string message, object data = null)
         {
             Level      = level;
             Time       = time;

Ryujinx.Common/Logging/LogEventArgsJson.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+using System;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Common.Logging
+{
+    internal class LogEventArgsJson
+    {
+        public LogLevel Level { get; }
+        public TimeSpan Time { get; }
+        public string   ThreadName { get; }
+
+        public string Message { get; }
+        public string Data { get; }
+
+        [JsonConstructor]
+        public LogEventArgsJson(LogLevel level, TimeSpan time, string threadName, string message, string data = null)
+        {
+            Level      = level;
+            Time       = time;
+            ThreadName = threadName;
+            Message    = message;
+            Data       = data;
+        }
+
+        public static LogEventArgsJson FromLogEventArgs(LogEventArgs args)
+        {
+            return new LogEventArgsJson(args.Level, args.Time, args.ThreadName, args.Message, DynamicObjectFormatter.Format(args.Data));
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Common/Logging/LogEventJsonSerializerContext.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Common.Logging
+{
+    [JsonSerializable(typeof(LogEventArgsJson))]
+    internal partial class LogEventJsonSerializerContext : JsonSerializerContext
+    {
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Common/Logging/LogLevel.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
 namespace Ryujinx.Common.Logging
 {
+    [JsonConverter(typeof(TypedStringEnumConverter<LogLevel>))]
     public enum LogLevel
     {
         Debug,

Ryujinx.Common/Logging/Targets/JsonLogTarget.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-using System.IO;
-using System.Text.Json;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
+using System.IO;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Common.Logging
 {
@@ -25,12 +25,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Logging
 
         public void Log(object sender, LogEventArgs e)
         {
-            string text = JsonSerializer.Serialize(e);
-
-            using (BinaryWriter writer = new BinaryWriter(_stream))
-            {
-                writer.Write(text);
-            }
+            var logEventArgsJson = LogEventArgsJson.FromLogEventArgs(e);
+            JsonHelper.SerializeToStream(_stream, logEventArgsJson, LogEventJsonSerializerContext.Default.LogEventArgsJson);
         }
 
         public void Dispose()

Ryujinx.Common/SystemInterop/StdErrAdapter.cs

@@ -1,18 +1,21 @@
+using Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using System;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Runtime.Versioning;
 using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Common.SystemInterop
 {
     public partial class StdErrAdapter : IDisposable
     {
         private bool _disposable = false;
-        private UnixStream _pipeReader;
-        private UnixStream _pipeWriter;
-        private Thread _worker;
+        private Stream _pipeReader;
+        private Stream _pipeWriter;
+        private CancellationTokenSource _cancellationTokenSource;
+        private Task _worker;
 
         public StdErrAdapter()
         {
@@ -31,37 +34,39 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.SystemInterop
             (int readFd, int writeFd) = MakePipe();
             dup2(writeFd, stdErrFileno);
 
-            _pipeReader = new UnixStream(readFd);
-            _pipeWriter = new UnixStream(writeFd);
+            _pipeReader = CreateFileDescriptorStream(readFd);
+            _pipeWriter = CreateFileDescriptorStream(writeFd);
 
-            _worker = new Thread(EventWorker);
+            _cancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
+            _worker = Task.Run(async () => await EventWorkerAsync(_cancellationTokenSource.Token), _cancellationTokenSource.Token);
             _disposable = true;
-            _worker.Start();
         }
-
+        
         [SupportedOSPlatform("linux")]
         [SupportedOSPlatform("macos")]
-        private void EventWorker()
+        private async Task EventWorkerAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
-            TextReader reader = new StreamReader(_pipeReader);
+            using TextReader reader = new StreamReader(_pipeReader, leaveOpen: true);
             string line;
-            while ((line = reader.ReadLine()) != null)
+            while (cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested == false && (line = await reader.ReadLineAsync(cancellationToken)) != null)
             {
                 Logger.Error?.PrintRawMsg(line);
             }
         }
-
+        
         private void Dispose(bool disposing)
         {
             if (_disposable)
             {
+                _disposable = false;
+                
                 if (OperatingSystem.IsLinux() || OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
                 {
+                    _cancellationTokenSource.Cancel();
+                    _worker.Wait(0);
                     _pipeReader?.Close();
                     _pipeWriter?.Close();
                 }
-
-                _disposable = false;
             }
         }
 
@@ -74,11 +79,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.SystemInterop
         private static partial int dup2(int fd, int fd2);
 
         [LibraryImport("libc", SetLastError = true)]
-        private static unsafe partial int pipe(int* pipefd);
+        private static partial int pipe(Span<int> pipefd);
 
-        private static unsafe (int, int) MakePipe()
+        private static (int, int) MakePipe()
         {
-            int *pipefd = stackalloc int[2];
+            Span<int> pipefd = stackalloc int[2]; 
 
             if (pipe(pipefd) == 0)
             {
@@ -89,5 +94,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.SystemInterop
                 throw new();
             }
         }
+        
+        [SupportedOSPlatform("linux")]
+        [SupportedOSPlatform("macos")]
+        private static Stream CreateFileDescriptorStream(int fd)
+        {
+            return new FileStream(
+                new SafeFileHandle((IntPtr)fd, ownsHandle: true),
+                FileAccess.ReadWrite
+            );
+        }
+       
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Common/SystemInterop/UnixStream.cs

@@ -1,155 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.IO;
-using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
-using System.Runtime.Versioning;
-
-namespace Ryujinx.Common.SystemInterop
-{
-    [SupportedOSPlatform("linux")]
-    [SupportedOSPlatform("macos")]
-    public partial class UnixStream : Stream, IDisposable
-    {
-        private const int InvalidFd = -1;
-
-        private int _fd;
-
-        [LibraryImport("libc", SetLastError = true)]
-        private static partial long read(int fd, IntPtr buf, ulong count);
-
-        [LibraryImport("libc", SetLastError = true)]
-        private static partial long write(int fd, IntPtr buf, ulong count);
-
-        [LibraryImport("libc", SetLastError = true)]
-        private static partial int close(int fd);
-
-        public UnixStream(int fd)
-        {
-            if (InvalidFd == fd)
-            {
-                throw new ArgumentException("Invalid file descriptor");
-            }
-
-            _fd = fd;
-            
-            CanRead = read(fd, IntPtr.Zero, 0) != -1;
-            CanWrite = write(fd, IntPtr.Zero, 0) != -1;  
-        }
-
-        ~UnixStream()
-        {
-            Close();
-        }
-
-        public override bool CanRead { get; }
-        public override bool CanWrite { get; }
-        public override bool CanSeek => false;
-
-        public override long Length => throw new NotSupportedException();
-
-        public override long Position
-        {
-            get => throw new NotSupportedException();
-            set => throw new NotSupportedException();
-        }
-
-        public override void Flush()
-        {
-        }
-
-        public override unsafe int Read([In, Out] byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
-        {
-            if (offset < 0 || offset > (buffer.Length - count) || count < 0)
-            {
-                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
-            }
-
-            if (buffer.Length == 0)
-            {
-                return 0;
-            }
-
-            long r = 0;
-            fixed (byte* buf = &buffer[offset])
-            {
-                do
-                {
-                    r = read(_fd, (IntPtr)buf, (ulong)count);
-                } while (ShouldRetry(r));
-            }
-
-            return (int)r;
-        }
-        
-        public override unsafe void Write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
-        {
-            if (offset < 0 || offset > (buffer.Length - count) || count < 0)
-            {
-                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
-            }
-
-            if (buffer.Length == 0)
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            fixed (byte* buf = &buffer[offset])
-            {
-                long r = 0;
-                do {
-                    r = write(_fd, (IntPtr)buf, (ulong)count);
-                } while (ShouldRetry(r));
-            }
-        }
-
-        public override long Seek(long offset, SeekOrigin origin)
-        {
-            throw new NotSupportedException();
-        }
-
-        public override void SetLength(long value)
-        {
-            throw new NotSupportedException();
-        }
-
-        public override void Close()
-        {
-            if (_fd == InvalidFd)
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            Flush();
-
-            int r;
-            do {
-                r = close(_fd);
-            } while (ShouldRetry(r));
-
-            _fd = InvalidFd;
-        }
-
-        void IDisposable.Dispose()
-        {
-            Close();
-        }
-
-        private bool ShouldRetry(long r)
-        {
-            if (r == -1)
-            {
-                const int eintr = 4;
-
-                int errno = Marshal.GetLastPInvokeError();
-
-                if (errno == eintr)
-                {
-                    return true;
-                }
-
-                throw new SystemException($"Operation failed with error 0x{errno:X}");
-            }
-
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-}

Ryujinx.Common/Utilities/CommonJsonContext.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Common.Utilities
+{
+    [JsonSerializable(typeof(string[]), TypeInfoPropertyName = "StringArray")]
+    [JsonSerializable(typeof(Dictionary<string, string>), TypeInfoPropertyName = "StringDictionary")]
+    public partial class CommonJsonContext : JsonSerializerContext
+    {
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Common/Utilities/JsonHelper.cs

@@ -1,15 +1,62 @@
-using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid;
-using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid.Controller.Motion;
-using System.IO;
+using System.IO;
 using System.Text;
 using System.Text.Json;
-using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization.Metadata;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Common.Utilities
 {
     public class JsonHelper
     {
-        public static JsonNamingPolicy SnakeCase { get; }
+        private static readonly JsonNamingPolicy SnakeCasePolicy = new SnakeCaseNamingPolicy();
+        private const int DefaultFileWriteBufferSize = 4096;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates new serializer options with default settings.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// It is REQUIRED for you to save returned options statically or as a part of static serializer context
+        /// in order to avoid performance issues. You can safely modify returned options for your case before storing.
+        /// </remarks>
+        public static JsonSerializerOptions GetDefaultSerializerOptions(bool indented = true)
+        {
+            JsonSerializerOptions options = new()
+            {
+                DictionaryKeyPolicy  = SnakeCasePolicy,
+                PropertyNamingPolicy = SnakeCasePolicy,
+                WriteIndented        = indented,
+                AllowTrailingCommas  = true,
+                ReadCommentHandling  = JsonCommentHandling.Skip
+            };
+
+            return options;
+        }
+
+        public static string Serialize<T>(T value, JsonTypeInfo<T> typeInfo)
+        {
+            return JsonSerializer.Serialize(value, typeInfo);
+        }
+
+        public static T Deserialize<T>(string value, JsonTypeInfo<T> typeInfo)
+        {
+            return JsonSerializer.Deserialize(value, typeInfo);
+        }
+
+        public static void SerializeToFile<T>(string filePath, T value, JsonTypeInfo<T> typeInfo)
+        {
+            using FileStream file = File.Create(filePath, DefaultFileWriteBufferSize, FileOptions.WriteThrough);
+            JsonSerializer.Serialize(file, value, typeInfo);
+        }
+
+        public static T DeserializeFromFile<T>(string filePath, JsonTypeInfo<T> typeInfo)
+        {
+            using FileStream file = File.OpenRead(filePath);
+            return JsonSerializer.Deserialize(file, typeInfo);
+        }
+
+        public static void SerializeToStream<T>(Stream stream, T value, JsonTypeInfo<T> typeInfo)
+        {
+            JsonSerializer.Serialize(stream, value, typeInfo);
+        }
 
         private class SnakeCaseNamingPolicy : JsonNamingPolicy
         {
@@ -20,7 +67,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Utilities
                     return name;
                 }
 
-                StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+                StringBuilder builder = new();
 
                 for (int i = 0; i < name.Length; i++)
                 {
@@ -34,7 +81,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Utilities
                         }
                         else
                         {
-                            builder.Append("_");
+                            builder.Append('_');
                             builder.Append(char.ToLowerInvariant(c));
                         }
                     }
@@ -47,64 +94,5 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Utilities
                 return builder.ToString();
             }
         }
-
-        static JsonHelper()
-        {
-            SnakeCase = new SnakeCaseNamingPolicy();
-        }
-
-        public static JsonSerializerOptions GetDefaultSerializerOptions(bool prettyPrint = false)
-        {
-            JsonSerializerOptions options = new JsonSerializerOptions
-            {
-                DictionaryKeyPolicy  = SnakeCase,
-                PropertyNamingPolicy = SnakeCase,
-                WriteIndented        = prettyPrint,
-                AllowTrailingCommas  = true,
-                ReadCommentHandling  = JsonCommentHandling.Skip
-            };
-
-            options.Converters.Add(new JsonStringEnumConverter());
-            options.Converters.Add(new JsonInputConfigConverter());
-            options.Converters.Add(new JsonMotionConfigControllerConverter());
-
-            return options;
-        }
-
-        public static T Deserialize<T>(Stream stream)
-        {
-            using (BinaryReader reader = new BinaryReader(stream))
-            {
-                return JsonSerializer.Deserialize<T>(reader.ReadBytes((int)(stream.Length - stream.Position)), GetDefaultSerializerOptions());
-            }
-        }
-
-        public static T DeserializeFromFile<T>(string path)
-        {
-            return Deserialize<T>(File.ReadAllText(path));
-        }
-
-        public static T Deserialize<T>(string json)
-        {
-            return JsonSerializer.Deserialize<T>(json, GetDefaultSerializerOptions());
-        }
-
-        public static void Serialize<TValue>(Stream stream, TValue obj, bool prettyPrint = false)
-        {
-            using (BinaryWriter writer = new BinaryWriter(stream))
-            {
-                writer.Write(SerializeToUtf8Bytes(obj, prettyPrint));
-            }
-        }
-
-        public static string Serialize<TValue>(TValue obj, bool prettyPrint = false)
-        {
-            return JsonSerializer.Serialize(obj, GetDefaultSerializerOptions(prettyPrint));
-        }
-
-        public static byte[] SerializeToUtf8Bytes<T>(T obj, bool prettyPrint = false)
-        {
-            return JsonSerializer.SerializeToUtf8Bytes(obj, GetDefaultSerializerOptions(prettyPrint));
-        }
     }
-}
+}

Ryujinx.Common/Utilities/TypedStringEnumConverter.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#nullable enable
+using System;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Common.Utilities
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Specifies that value of <see cref="TEnum"/> will be serialized as string in JSONs
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// Trimming friendly alternative to <see cref="JsonStringEnumConverter"/>.
+    /// Get rid of this converter if dotnet supports similar functionality out of the box.
+    /// </remarks>
+    /// <typeparam name="TEnum">Type of enum to serialize</typeparam>
+    public sealed class TypedStringEnumConverter<TEnum> : JsonConverter<TEnum> where TEnum : struct, Enum
+    {
+        public override TEnum Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+        {
+            var enumValue = reader.GetString();
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(enumValue))
+            {
+                return default;
+            }
+
+            return Enum.Parse<TEnum>(enumValue);
+        }
+
+        public override void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, TEnum value, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+        {
+            writer.WriteStringValue(value.ToString());
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/DrawManager.cs

@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
 
             int firstInstance = (int)_state.State.FirstInstance;
 
-            int inlineIndexCount = _drawState.IbStreamer.GetAndResetInlineIndexCount();
+            int inlineIndexCount = _drawState.IbStreamer.GetAndResetInlineIndexCount(_context.Renderer);
 
             if (inlineIndexCount != 0)
             {
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 {
                     if (indexedInline)
                     {
-                        int inlineIndexCount = _drawState.IbStreamer.GetAndResetInlineIndexCount();
+                        int inlineIndexCount = _drawState.IbStreamer.GetAndResetInlineIndexCount(_context.Renderer);
                         BufferRange br = new BufferRange(_drawState.IbStreamer.GetInlineIndexBuffer(), 0, inlineIndexCount * 4);
 
                         _channel.BufferManager.SetIndexBuffer(br, IndexType.UInt);

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/IbStreamer.cs

@@ -11,9 +11,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
     /// </summary>
     struct IbStreamer
     {
+        private const int BufferCapacity = 256; // Must be a power of 2.
+
         private BufferHandle _inlineIndexBuffer;
         private int _inlineIndexBufferSize;
         private int _inlineIndexCount;
+        private uint[] _buffer;
+        private int _bufferOffset;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Indicates if any index buffer data has been pushed.
@@ -38,9 +42,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         /// Gets the number of elements on the current inline index buffer,
         /// while also reseting it to zero for the next draw.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="renderer">Host renderer</param>
         /// <returns>Inline index bufffer count</returns>
-        public int GetAndResetInlineIndexCount()
+        public int GetAndResetInlineIndexCount(IRenderer renderer)
         {
+            UpdateRemaining(renderer);
             int temp = _inlineIndexCount;
             _inlineIndexCount = 0;
             return temp;
@@ -58,16 +64,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
             byte i2 = (byte)(argument >> 16);
             byte i3 = (byte)(argument >> 24);
 
-            Span<uint> data = stackalloc uint[4];
+            int offset = _inlineIndexCount;
 
-            data[0] = i0;
-            data[1] = i1;
-            data[2] = i2;
-            data[3] = i3;
-
-            int offset = _inlineIndexCount * 4;
-
-            renderer.SetBufferData(GetInlineIndexBuffer(renderer, offset), offset, MemoryMarshal.Cast<uint, byte>(data));
+            PushData(renderer, offset, i0);
+            PushData(renderer, offset + 1, i1);
+            PushData(renderer, offset + 2, i2);
+            PushData(renderer, offset + 3, i3);
 
             _inlineIndexCount += 4;
         }
@@ -82,14 +84,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
             ushort i0 = (ushort)argument;
             ushort i1 = (ushort)(argument >> 16);
 
-            Span<uint> data = stackalloc uint[2];
+            int offset = _inlineIndexCount;
 
-            data[0] = i0;
-            data[1] = i1;
-
-            int offset = _inlineIndexCount * 4;
-
-            renderer.SetBufferData(GetInlineIndexBuffer(renderer, offset), offset, MemoryMarshal.Cast<uint, byte>(data));
+            PushData(renderer, offset, i0);
+            PushData(renderer, offset + 1, i1);
 
             _inlineIndexCount += 2;
         }
@@ -103,13 +101,61 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         {
             uint i0 = (uint)argument;
 
-            Span<uint> data = stackalloc uint[1];
+            int offset = _inlineIndexCount++;
 
-            data[0] = i0;
+            PushData(renderer, offset, i0);
+        }
 
-            int offset = _inlineIndexCount++ * 4;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Pushes a 32-bit value to the index buffer.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="renderer">Host renderer</param>
+        /// <param name="offset">Offset where the data should be written, in 32-bit words</param>
+        /// <param name="value">Index value to be written</param>
+        private void PushData(IRenderer renderer, int offset, uint value)
+        {
+            if (_buffer == null)
+            {
+                _buffer = new uint[BufferCapacity];
+            }
 
-            renderer.SetBufferData(GetInlineIndexBuffer(renderer, offset), offset, MemoryMarshal.Cast<uint, byte>(data));
+            // We upload data in chunks.
+            // If we are at the start of a chunk, then the buffer might be full,
+            // in that case we need to submit any existing data before overwriting the buffer.
+            int subOffset = offset & (BufferCapacity - 1);
+
+            if (subOffset == 0 && offset != 0)
+            {
+                int baseOffset = (offset - BufferCapacity) * sizeof(uint);
+                BufferHandle buffer = GetInlineIndexBuffer(renderer, baseOffset, BufferCapacity * sizeof(uint));
+                renderer.SetBufferData(buffer, baseOffset, MemoryMarshal.Cast<uint, byte>(_buffer));
+            }
+
+            _buffer[subOffset] = value;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Makes sure that any pending data is submitted to the GPU before the index buffer is used.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="renderer">Host renderer</param>
+        private void UpdateRemaining(IRenderer renderer)
+        {
+            int offset = _inlineIndexCount;
+            if (offset == 0)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            int count = offset & (BufferCapacity - 1);
+            if (count == 0)
+            {
+                count = BufferCapacity;
+            }
+
+            int baseOffset = (offset - count) * sizeof(uint);
+            int length = count * sizeof(uint);
+            BufferHandle buffer = GetInlineIndexBuffer(renderer, baseOffset, length);
+            renderer.SetBufferData(buffer, baseOffset, MemoryMarshal.Cast<uint, byte>(_buffer).Slice(0, length));
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -117,12 +163,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="renderer">Host renderer</param>
         /// <param name="offset">Offset where the data will be written</param>
+        /// <param name="length">Number of bytes that will be written</param>
         /// <returns>Buffer handle</returns>
-        private BufferHandle GetInlineIndexBuffer(IRenderer renderer, int offset)
+        private BufferHandle GetInlineIndexBuffer(IRenderer renderer, int offset, int length)
         {
             // Calculate a reasonable size for the buffer that can fit all the data,
             // and that also won't require frequent resizes if we need to push more data.
-            int size = BitUtils.AlignUp(offset + 0x10, 0x200);
+            int size = BitUtils.AlignUp(offset + length + 0x10, 0x200);
 
             if (_inlineIndexBuffer == BufferHandle.Null)
             {

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/DescriptorSetUpdater.cs

@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             }
             else if (texture is TextureView view)
             {
-                view.Storage.InsertBarrier(cbs, AccessFlags.ShaderReadBit, stage.ConvertToPipelineStageFlags());
+                view.Storage.InsertWriteToReadBarrier(cbs, AccessFlags.ShaderReadBit, stage.ConvertToPipelineStageFlags());
 
                 _textureRefs[binding] = view.GetImageView();
                 _samplerRefs[binding] = ((SamplerHolder)sampler)?.GetSampler();

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/EnumConversion.cs

@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 GAL.Format.S8Uint => ImageAspectFlags.StencilBit,
                 GAL.Format.D24UnormS8Uint or
                 GAL.Format.D32FloatS8Uint or
-                GAL.Format.S8UintD24Unorm    => ImageAspectFlags.DepthBit | ImageAspectFlags.StencilBit,
+                GAL.Format.S8UintD24Unorm => ImageAspectFlags.DepthBit | ImageAspectFlags.StencilBit,
                 _ => ImageAspectFlags.ColorBit
             };
         }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/FramebufferParams.cs

@@ -218,5 +218,23 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 AccessFlags.DepthStencilAttachmentWriteBit,
                 PipelineStageFlags.ColorAttachmentOutputBit);
         }
+
+        public void InsertClearBarrier(CommandBufferScoped cbs, int index)
+        {
+            if (_colors != null)
+            {
+                int realIndex = Array.IndexOf(AttachmentIndices, index);
+
+                if (realIndex != -1)
+                {
+                    _colors[realIndex].Storage?.InsertReadToWriteBarrier(cbs, AccessFlags.ColorAttachmentWriteBit, PipelineStageFlags.ColorAttachmentOutputBit);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void InsertClearBarrierDS(CommandBufferScoped cbs)
+        {
+            _depthStencil?.Storage?.InsertReadToWriteBarrier(cbs, AccessFlags.DepthStencilAttachmentWriteBit, PipelineStageFlags.EarlyFragmentTestsBit);
+        }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/PipelineBase.cs

@@ -226,6 +226,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             var attachment = new ClearAttachment(ImageAspectFlags.ColorBit, (uint)index, clearValue);
             var clearRect = FramebufferParams.GetClearRect(ClearScissor, layer, layerCount);
 
+            FramebufferParams.InsertClearBarrier(Cbs, index);
+
             Gd.Api.CmdClearAttachments(CommandBuffer, 1, &attachment, 1, &clearRect);
         }
 
@@ -256,6 +258,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             var attachment = new ClearAttachment(flags, 0, clearValue);
             var clearRect = FramebufferParams.GetClearRect(ClearScissor, layer, layerCount);
 
+            FramebufferParams.InsertClearBarrierDS(Cbs);
+
             Gd.Api.CmdClearAttachments(CommandBuffer, 1, &attachment, 1, &clearRect);
         }
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/TextureStorage.cs

@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
         private AccessFlags _lastModificationAccess;
         private PipelineStageFlags _lastModificationStage;
+        private AccessFlags _lastReadAccess;
+        private PipelineStageFlags _lastReadStage;
 
         private int _viewsCount;
         private ulong _size;
@@ -440,31 +442,39 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             _lastModificationStage = stage;
         }
 
-        public void InsertBarrier(CommandBufferScoped cbs, AccessFlags dstAccessFlags, PipelineStageFlags dstStageFlags)
+        public void InsertReadToWriteBarrier(CommandBufferScoped cbs, AccessFlags dstAccessFlags, PipelineStageFlags dstStageFlags)
         {
+            if (_lastReadAccess != AccessFlags.NoneKhr)
+            {
+                ImageAspectFlags aspectFlags = Info.Format.ConvertAspectFlags();
+
+                TextureView.InsertImageBarrier(
+                    _gd.Api,
+                    cbs.CommandBuffer,
+                    _imageAuto.Get(cbs).Value,
+                    _lastReadAccess,
+                    dstAccessFlags,
+                    _lastReadStage,
+                    dstStageFlags,
+                    aspectFlags,
+                    0,
+                    0,
+                    _info.GetLayers(),
+                    _info.Levels);
+
+                _lastReadAccess = AccessFlags.NoneKhr;
+                _lastReadStage = PipelineStageFlags.None;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void InsertWriteToReadBarrier(CommandBufferScoped cbs, AccessFlags dstAccessFlags, PipelineStageFlags dstStageFlags)
+        {
+            _lastReadAccess |= dstAccessFlags;
+            _lastReadStage |= dstStageFlags;
+
             if (_lastModificationAccess != AccessFlags.NoneKhr)
             {
-                ImageAspectFlags aspectFlags;
-
-                if (_info.Format.IsDepthOrStencil())
-                {
-                    if (_info.Format == GAL.Format.S8Uint)
-                    {
-                        aspectFlags = ImageAspectFlags.StencilBit;
-                    }
-                    else if (_info.Format == GAL.Format.D16Unorm || _info.Format == GAL.Format.D32Float)
-                    {
-                        aspectFlags = ImageAspectFlags.DepthBit;
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        aspectFlags = ImageAspectFlags.DepthBit | ImageAspectFlags.StencilBit;
-                    }
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    aspectFlags = ImageAspectFlags.ColorBit;
-                }
+                ImageAspectFlags aspectFlags = Info.Format.ConvertAspectFlags();
 
                 TextureView.InsertImageBarrier(
                     _gd.Api,

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/VulkanDebugMessenger.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT;
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
+{
+    class VulkanDebugMessenger : IDisposable
+    {
+        private static string[] _excludedMessages = new string[]
+        {
+            // NOTE: Done on purpose right now.
+            "UNASSIGNED-CoreValidation-Shader-OutputNotConsumed",
+            // TODO: Figure out if fixable
+            "VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-None-04584",
+            // TODO: Might be worth looking into making this happy to possibly optimize copies.
+            "UNASSIGNED-CoreValidation-DrawState-InvalidImageLayout",
+            // TODO: Fix this, it's causing too much noise right now.
+            "VUID-VkSubpassDependency-srcSubpass-00867"
+        };
+
+        private readonly Vk _api;
+        private readonly Instance _instance;
+        private readonly GraphicsDebugLevel _logLevel;
+        private readonly ExtDebugUtils _debugUtils;
+        private readonly DebugUtilsMessengerEXT? _debugUtilsMessenger;
+        private bool _disposed;
+
+        public VulkanDebugMessenger(Vk api, Instance instance, GraphicsDebugLevel logLevel)
+        {
+            _api = api;
+            _instance = instance;
+            _logLevel = logLevel;
+
+            _api.TryGetInstanceExtension(instance, out _debugUtils);
+
+            Result result = TryInitialize(out _debugUtilsMessenger);
+
+            if (result != Result.Success)
+            {
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, $"Vulkan debug messenger initialization failed with error {result}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private Result TryInitialize(out DebugUtilsMessengerEXT? debugUtilsMessengerHandle)
+        {
+            debugUtilsMessengerHandle = null;
+            
+            if (_debugUtils != null && _logLevel != GraphicsDebugLevel.None)
+            {
+                var messageType = _logLevel switch
+                {
+                    GraphicsDebugLevel.Error => DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT.ValidationBitExt,
+                    GraphicsDebugLevel.Slowdowns => DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT.ValidationBitExt |
+                                                    DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT.PerformanceBitExt,
+                    GraphicsDebugLevel.All => DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT.GeneralBitExt |
+                                              DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT.ValidationBitExt |
+                                              DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT.PerformanceBitExt,
+                    _ => throw new ArgumentException($"Invalid log level \"{_logLevel}\".")
+                };
+
+                var messageSeverity = _logLevel switch
+                {
+                    GraphicsDebugLevel.Error => DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.ErrorBitExt,
+                    GraphicsDebugLevel.Slowdowns => DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.ErrorBitExt |
+                                                    DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.WarningBitExt,
+                    GraphicsDebugLevel.All => DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.InfoBitExt |
+                                              DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.WarningBitExt |
+                                              DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.VerboseBitExt |
+                                              DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.ErrorBitExt,
+                    _ => throw new ArgumentException($"Invalid log level \"{_logLevel}\".")
+                };
+
+                var debugUtilsMessengerCreateInfo = new DebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT()
+                {
+                    SType = StructureType.DebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoExt,
+                    MessageType = messageType,
+                    MessageSeverity = messageSeverity
+                };
+
+                unsafe
+                {
+                    debugUtilsMessengerCreateInfo.PfnUserCallback = new PfnDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackEXT(UserCallback);
+                }
+
+                DebugUtilsMessengerEXT messengerHandle = default;
+
+                Result result = _debugUtils.CreateDebugUtilsMessenger(_instance, SpanHelpers.AsReadOnlySpan(ref debugUtilsMessengerCreateInfo), ReadOnlySpan<AllocationCallbacks>.Empty, SpanHelpers.AsSpan(ref messengerHandle));
+
+                if (result == Result.Success)
+                {
+                    debugUtilsMessengerHandle = messengerHandle;
+                }
+
+                return result;
+            }
+
+            return Result.Success;
+        }
+
+        private unsafe static uint UserCallback(
+            DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT messageSeverity,
+            DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT messageTypes,
+            DebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT* pCallbackData,
+            void* pUserData)
+        {
+            var msg = Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi((IntPtr)pCallbackData->PMessage);
+
+            foreach (string excludedMessagePart in _excludedMessages)
+            {
+                if (msg.Contains(excludedMessagePart))
+                {
+                    return 0;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (messageSeverity.HasFlag(DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.ErrorBitExt))
+            {
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, msg);
+            }
+            else if (messageSeverity.HasFlag(DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.WarningBitExt))
+            {
+                Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, msg);
+            }
+            else if (messageSeverity.HasFlag(DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.InfoBitExt))
+            {
+                Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, msg);
+            }
+            else // if (messageSeverity.HasFlag(DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.VerboseBitExt))
+            {
+                Logger.Debug?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, msg);
+            }
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            if (!_disposed)
+            {
+                if (_debugUtilsMessenger.HasValue)
+                {
+                    _debugUtils.DestroyDebugUtilsMessenger(_instance, _debugUtilsMessenger.Value, Span<AllocationCallbacks>.Empty);
+                }
+
+                _disposed = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/VulkanInitialization.cs

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         private const string AppName = "Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan";
         private const int QueuesCount = 2;
 
-        public static string[] DesirableExtensions { get; } = new string[]
+        private static readonly string[] _desirableExtensions = new string[]
         {
             ExtConditionalRendering.ExtensionName,
             ExtExtendedDynamicState.ExtensionName,
@@ -42,24 +42,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             "VK_KHR_portability_subset", // By spec, we should enable this if present.
         };
 
-        public static string[] RequiredExtensions { get; } = new string[]
+        private static readonly string[] _requiredExtensions = new string[]
         {
             KhrSwapchain.ExtensionName
         };
 
-        private static string[] _excludedMessages = new string[]
-        {
-            // NOTE: Done on purpose right now.
-            "UNASSIGNED-CoreValidation-Shader-OutputNotConsumed",
-            // TODO: Figure out if fixable
-            "VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-None-04584",
-            // TODO: Might be worth looking into making this happy to possibly optimize copies.
-            "UNASSIGNED-CoreValidation-DrawState-InvalidImageLayout",
-            // TODO: Fix this, it's causing too much noise right now.
-            "VUID-VkSubpassDependency-srcSubpass-00867"
-        };
-
-        internal static Instance CreateInstance(Vk api, GraphicsDebugLevel logLevel, string[] requiredExtensions, out ExtDebugUtils debugUtils, out DebugUtilsMessengerEXT debugUtilsMessenger)
+        internal static Instance CreateInstance(Vk api, GraphicsDebugLevel logLevel, string[] requiredExtensions)
         {
             var enabledLayers = new List<string>();
 
@@ -95,7 +83,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 AddAvailableLayer("VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation");
             }
 
-            var enabledExtensions = requiredExtensions.Append(ExtDebugUtils.ExtensionName).ToArray();
+            var enabledExtensions = requiredExtensions;
+
+            if (api.IsInstanceExtensionPresent("VK_EXT_debug_utils"))
+            {
+                enabledExtensions = enabledExtensions.Append(ExtDebugUtils.ExtensionName).ToArray();
+            }
 
             var appName = Marshal.StringToHGlobalAnsi(AppName);
 
@@ -145,47 +138,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 Marshal.FreeHGlobal(ppEnabledLayers[i]);
             }
 
-            CreateDebugMessenger(api, logLevel, instance, out debugUtils, out debugUtilsMessenger);
-
             return instance;
         }
 
-        private unsafe static uint DebugMessenger(
-            DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT messageSeverity,
-            DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT messageTypes,
-            DebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT* pCallbackData,
-            void* pUserData)
-        {
-            var msg = Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi((IntPtr)pCallbackData->PMessage);
-
-            foreach (string excludedMessagePart in _excludedMessages)
-            {
-                if (msg.Contains(excludedMessagePart))
-                {
-                    return 0;
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (messageSeverity.HasFlag(DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.ErrorBitExt))
-            {
-                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, msg);
-            }
-            else if (messageSeverity.HasFlag(DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.WarningBitExt))
-            {
-                Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, msg);
-            }
-            else if (messageSeverity.HasFlag(DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.InfoBitExt))
-            {
-                Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, msg);
-            }
-            else // if (messageSeverity.HasFlag(DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.VerboseBitExt))
-            {
-                Logger.Debug?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, msg);
-            }
-
-            return 0;
-        }
-
         internal static PhysicalDevice FindSuitablePhysicalDevice(Vk api, Instance instance, SurfaceKHR surface, string preferredGpuId)
         {
             uint physicalDeviceCount;
@@ -337,14 +292,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 {
                     string extensionName = Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi((IntPtr)pExtensionProperties[i].ExtensionName);
 
-                    if (RequiredExtensions.Contains(extensionName))
+                    if (_requiredExtensions.Contains(extensionName))
                     {
                         extensionMatches++;
                     }
                 }
             }
 
-            return extensionMatches == RequiredExtensions.Length && FindSuitableQueueFamily(api, physicalDevice, surface, out _) != InvalidIndex;
+            return extensionMatches == _requiredExtensions.Length && FindSuitableQueueFamily(api, physicalDevice, surface, out _) != InvalidIndex;
         }
 
         internal static uint FindSuitableQueueFamily(Vk api, PhysicalDevice physicalDevice, SurfaceKHR surface, out uint queueCount)
@@ -626,7 +581,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 pExtendedFeatures = &featuresCustomBorderColor;
             }
 
-            var enabledExtensions = RequiredExtensions.Union(DesirableExtensions.Intersect(supportedExtensions)).ToArray();
+            var enabledExtensions = _requiredExtensions.Union(_desirableExtensions.Intersect(supportedExtensions)).ToArray();
 
             IntPtr* ppEnabledExtensions = stackalloc IntPtr[enabledExtensions.Length];
 
@@ -671,66 +626,5 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             return extensionProperties.Select(x => Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi((IntPtr)x.ExtensionName)).ToArray();
         }
-
-        internal static CommandBufferPool CreateCommandBufferPool(Vk api, Device device, Queue queue, object queueLock, uint queueFamilyIndex)
-        {
-            return new CommandBufferPool(api, device, queue, queueLock, queueFamilyIndex);
-        }
-
-        internal unsafe static void CreateDebugMessenger(
-            Vk api,
-            GraphicsDebugLevel logLevel,
-            Instance instance,
-            out ExtDebugUtils debugUtils,
-            out DebugUtilsMessengerEXT debugUtilsMessenger)
-        {
-            debugUtils = default;
-
-            if (logLevel != GraphicsDebugLevel.None)
-            {
-                if (!api.TryGetInstanceExtension(instance, out debugUtils))
-                {
-                    debugUtilsMessenger = default;
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                var filterLogType = logLevel switch
-                {
-                    GraphicsDebugLevel.Error => DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT.ValidationBitExt,
-                    GraphicsDebugLevel.Slowdowns => DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT.ValidationBitExt |
-                                                    DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT.PerformanceBitExt,
-                    GraphicsDebugLevel.All => DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT.GeneralBitExt |
-                                              DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT.ValidationBitExt |
-                                              DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT.PerformanceBitExt,
-                    _ => throw new ArgumentException($"Invalid log level \"{logLevel}\".")
-                };
-
-                var filterLogSeverity = logLevel switch
-                {
-                    GraphicsDebugLevel.Error => DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.ErrorBitExt,
-                    GraphicsDebugLevel.Slowdowns => DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.ErrorBitExt |
-                                                    DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.WarningBitExt,
-                    GraphicsDebugLevel.All => DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.InfoBitExt |
-                                              DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.WarningBitExt |
-                                              DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.VerboseBitExt |
-                                              DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.ErrorBitExt,
-                    _ => throw new ArgumentException($"Invalid log level \"{logLevel}\".")
-                };
-
-                var debugUtilsMessengerCreateInfo = new DebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT()
-                {
-                    SType = StructureType.DebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoExt,
-                    MessageType = filterLogType,
-                    MessageSeverity = filterLogSeverity,
-                    PfnUserCallback = new PfnDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackEXT(DebugMessenger)
-                };
-
-                debugUtils.CreateDebugUtilsMessenger(instance, in debugUtilsMessengerCreateInfo, null, out debugUtilsMessenger).ThrowOnError();
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                debugUtilsMessenger = default;
-            }
-        }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/VulkanRenderer.cs

@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         internal KhrPushDescriptor PushDescriptorApi { get; private set; }
         internal ExtTransformFeedback TransformFeedbackApi { get; private set; }
         internal KhrDrawIndirectCount DrawIndirectCountApi { get; private set; }
-        internal ExtDebugUtils DebugUtilsApi { get; private set; }
 
         internal uint QueueFamilyIndex { get; private set; }
         internal Queue Queue { get; private set; }
@@ -57,11 +56,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         internal HashSet<ITexture> Textures { get; }
         internal HashSet<SamplerHolder> Samplers { get; }
 
+        private VulkanDebugMessenger _debugMessenger;
         private Counters _counters;
         private SyncManager _syncManager;
 
         private PipelineFull _pipeline;
-        private DebugUtilsMessengerEXT _debugUtilsMessenger;
 
         internal HelperShader HelperShader { get; private set; }
         internal PipelineFull PipelineInternal => _pipeline;
@@ -168,7 +167,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 SType = StructureType.PhysicalDeviceSubgroupSizeControlPropertiesExt
             };
 
-            if (Capabilities.SupportsSubgroupSizeControl)
+            bool supportsSubgroupSizeControl = supportedExtensions.Contains("VK_EXT_subgroup_size_control");
+
+            if (supportsSubgroupSizeControl)
             {
                 properties2.PNext = &propertiesSubgroupSizeControl;
             }
@@ -292,7 +293,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 supportedExtensions.Contains(KhrDrawIndirectCount.ExtensionName),
                 supportedExtensions.Contains("VK_EXT_fragment_shader_interlock"),
                 supportedExtensions.Contains("VK_NV_geometry_shader_passthrough"),
-                supportedExtensions.Contains("VK_EXT_subgroup_size_control"),
+                supportsSubgroupSizeControl,
                 featuresShaderInt8.ShaderInt8,
                 supportedExtensions.Contains("VK_EXT_shader_stencil_export"),
                 supportedExtensions.Contains(ExtConditionalRendering.ExtensionName),
@@ -318,7 +319,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             MemoryAllocator = new MemoryAllocator(Api, _physicalDevice, _device, properties.Limits.MaxMemoryAllocationCount);
 
-            CommandBufferPool = VulkanInitialization.CreateCommandBufferPool(Api, _device, Queue, QueueLock, queueFamilyIndex);
+            CommandBufferPool = new CommandBufferPool(Api, _device, Queue, QueueLock, queueFamilyIndex);
 
             DescriptorSetManager = new DescriptorSetManager(_device);
 
@@ -343,9 +344,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             Api = api;
 
-            _instance = VulkanInitialization.CreateInstance(api, logLevel, _getRequiredExtensions(), out ExtDebugUtils debugUtils, out _debugUtilsMessenger);
-
-            DebugUtilsApi = debugUtils;
+            _instance = VulkanInitialization.CreateInstance(api, logLevel, _getRequiredExtensions());
+            _debugMessenger = new VulkanDebugMessenger(api, _instance, logLevel);
 
             if (api.TryGetInstanceExtension(_instance, out KhrSurface surfaceApi))
             {
@@ -792,11 +792,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             MemoryAllocator.Dispose();
 
-            if (_debugUtilsMessenger.Handle != 0)
-            {
-                DebugUtilsApi.DestroyDebugUtilsMessenger(_instance, _debugUtilsMessenger, null);
-            }
-
             foreach (var shader in Shaders)
             {
                 shader.Dispose();
@@ -816,6 +811,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             Api.DestroyDevice(_device, null);
 
+            _debugMessenger.Dispose();
+
             // Last step destroy the instance
             Api.DestroyInstance(_instance, null);
         }

Ryujinx.HLE/FileSystem/VirtualFileSystem.cs

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
-
 using Path = System.IO.Path;
 using RightsId = LibHac.Fs.RightsId;
 
@@ -146,6 +145,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem
 
                 return $"{basePath}:/{fileName}";
             }
+
             return null;
         }
 
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem
             fsServerClient = horizon.CreatePrivilegedHorizonClient();
             var fsServer = new FileSystemServer(fsServerClient);
 
-            RandomDataGenerator randomGenerator = buffer => Random.Shared.NextBytes(buffer);
+            RandomDataGenerator randomGenerator = Random.Shared.NextBytes;
 
             DefaultFsServerObjects fsServerObjects = DefaultFsServerObjects.GetDefaultEmulatedCreators(serverBaseFs, KeySet, fsServer, randomGenerator);
 
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem
 
                 if (result.IsSuccess())
                 {
-                    Ticket ticket = new Ticket(ticketFile.Get.AsStream());
+                    Ticket ticket = new(ticketFile.Get.AsStream());
                     var titleKey = ticket.GetTitleKey(KeySet);
 
                     if (titleKey != null)

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/ApplicationLoader.cs

@@ -1,908 +0,0 @@
-using LibHac;
-using LibHac.Account;
-using LibHac.Common;
-using LibHac.Fs;
-using LibHac.Fs.Fsa;
-using LibHac.Fs.Shim;
-using LibHac.FsSystem;
-using LibHac.Loader;
-using LibHac.Ncm;
-using LibHac.Ns;
-using LibHac.Tools.Fs;
-using LibHac.Tools.FsSystem;
-using LibHac.Tools.FsSystem.NcaUtils;
-using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration;
-using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
-using Ryujinx.Cpu;
-using Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem;
-using Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Executables;
-using Ryujinx.Memory;
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Globalization;
-using System.IO;
-using System.Linq;
-using System.Reflection;
-using System.Text;
-using static Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.ModLoader;
-using ApplicationId = LibHac.Ncm.ApplicationId;
-using Path = System.IO.Path;
-
-namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
-{
-    using JsonHelper = Common.Utilities.JsonHelper;
-
-    public class ApplicationLoader
-    {
-        // Binaries from exefs are loaded into mem in this order. Do not change.
-        internal static readonly string[] ExeFsPrefixes =
-        {
-            "rtld",
-            "main",
-            "subsdk0",
-            "subsdk1",
-            "subsdk2",
-            "subsdk3",
-            "subsdk4",
-            "subsdk5",
-            "subsdk6",
-            "subsdk7",
-            "subsdk8",
-            "subsdk9",
-            "sdk"
-        };
-
-        private readonly Switch _device;
-        private string _titleName;
-        private string _displayVersion;
-        private BlitStruct<ApplicationControlProperty> _controlData;
-
-        public BlitStruct<ApplicationControlProperty> ControlData => _controlData;
-        public string TitleName => _titleName;
-        public string DisplayVersion => _displayVersion;
-
-        public ulong TitleId { get; private set; }
-        public bool TitleIs64Bit { get; private set; }
-
-        public string TitleIdText => TitleId.ToString("x16");
-
-        public IDiskCacheLoadState DiskCacheLoadState { get; private set; }
-
-        public ApplicationLoader(Switch device)
-        {
-            _device = device;
-            _controlData = new BlitStruct<ApplicationControlProperty>(1);
-        }
-
-        public void LoadCart(string exeFsDir, string romFsFile = null)
-        {
-            LocalFileSystem codeFs = new LocalFileSystem(exeFsDir);
-
-            MetaLoader metaData = ReadNpdm(codeFs);
-
-            _device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.CollectMods(
-                new[] { TitleId },
-                _device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.GetModsBasePath(),
-                _device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.GetSdModsBasePath());
-
-            if (TitleId != 0)
-            {
-                EnsureSaveData(new ApplicationId(TitleId));
-            }
-
-            ulong pid = LoadExeFs(codeFs, string.Empty, metaData);
-
-            if (romFsFile != null)
-            {
-                _device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.LoadRomFs(pid, romFsFile);
-            }
-        }
-
-        public static (Nca main, Nca patch, Nca control) GetGameData(VirtualFileSystem fileSystem, PartitionFileSystem pfs, int programIndex)
-        {
-            Nca mainNca = null;
-            Nca patchNca = null;
-            Nca controlNca = null;
-
-            fileSystem.ImportTickets(pfs);
-
-            foreach (DirectoryEntryEx fileEntry in pfs.EnumerateEntries("/", "*.nca"))
-            {
-                using var ncaFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
-
-                pfs.OpenFile(ref ncaFile.Ref, fileEntry.FullPath.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).ThrowIfFailure();
-
-                Nca nca = new Nca(fileSystem.KeySet, ncaFile.Release().AsStorage());
-
-                int ncaProgramIndex = (int)(nca.Header.TitleId & 0xF);
-
-                if (ncaProgramIndex != programIndex)
-                {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                if (nca.Header.ContentType == NcaContentType.Program)
-                {
-                    int dataIndex = Nca.GetSectionIndexFromType(NcaSectionType.Data, NcaContentType.Program);
-
-                    if (nca.SectionExists(NcaSectionType.Data) && nca.Header.GetFsHeader(dataIndex).IsPatchSection())
-                    {
-                        patchNca = nca;
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        mainNca = nca;
-                    }
-                }
-                else if (nca.Header.ContentType == NcaContentType.Control)
-                {
-                    controlNca = nca;
-                }
-            }
-
-            return (mainNca, patchNca, controlNca);
-        }
-
-        public static (Nca patch, Nca control) GetGameUpdateDataFromPartition(VirtualFileSystem fileSystem, PartitionFileSystem pfs, string titleId, int programIndex)
-        {
-            Nca patchNca = null;
-            Nca controlNca = null;
-
-            fileSystem.ImportTickets(pfs);
-
-            foreach (DirectoryEntryEx fileEntry in pfs.EnumerateEntries("/", "*.nca"))
-            {
-                using var ncaFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
-
-                pfs.OpenFile(ref ncaFile.Ref, fileEntry.FullPath.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).ThrowIfFailure();
-
-                Nca nca = new Nca(fileSystem.KeySet, ncaFile.Release().AsStorage());
-
-                int ncaProgramIndex = (int)(nca.Header.TitleId & 0xF);
-
-                if (ncaProgramIndex != programIndex)
-                {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                if ($"{nca.Header.TitleId.ToString("x16")[..^3]}000" != titleId)
-                {
-                    break;
-                }
-
-                if (nca.Header.ContentType == NcaContentType.Program)
-                {
-                    patchNca = nca;
-                }
-                else if (nca.Header.ContentType == NcaContentType.Control)
-                {
-                    controlNca = nca;
-                }
-            }
-
-            return (patchNca, controlNca);
-        }
-
-        public static (Nca patch, Nca control) GetGameUpdateData(VirtualFileSystem fileSystem, string titleId, int programIndex, out string updatePath)
-        {
-            updatePath = null;
-
-            if (ulong.TryParse(titleId, NumberStyles.HexNumber, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out ulong titleIdBase))
-            {
-                // Clear the program index part.
-                titleIdBase &= 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF0;
-
-                // Load update informations if existing.
-                string titleUpdateMetadataPath = Path.Combine(AppDataManager.GamesDirPath, titleIdBase.ToString("x16"), "updates.json");
-
-                if (File.Exists(titleUpdateMetadataPath))
-                {
-                    updatePath = JsonHelper.DeserializeFromFile<TitleUpdateMetadata>(titleUpdateMetadataPath).Selected;
-
-                    if (File.Exists(updatePath))
-                    {
-                        FileStream file = new FileStream(updatePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
-                        PartitionFileSystem nsp = new PartitionFileSystem(file.AsStorage());
-
-                        return GetGameUpdateDataFromPartition(fileSystem, nsp, titleIdBase.ToString("x16"), programIndex);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            return (null, null);
-        }
-
-        public void LoadXci(string xciFile)
-        {
-            FileStream file = new FileStream(xciFile, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
-            Xci xci = new Xci(_device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.KeySet, file.AsStorage());
-
-            if (!xci.HasPartition(XciPartitionType.Secure))
-            {
-                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, "Unable to load XCI: Could not find XCI secure partition");
-
-                return;
-            }
-
-            PartitionFileSystem securePartition = xci.OpenPartition(XciPartitionType.Secure);
-
-            Nca mainNca;
-            Nca patchNca;
-            Nca controlNca;
-
-            try
-            {
-                (mainNca, patchNca, controlNca) = GetGameData(_device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem, securePartition, _device.Configuration.UserChannelPersistence.Index);
-
-                RegisterProgramMapInfo(securePartition).ThrowIfFailure();
-            }
-            catch (Exception e)
-            {
-                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Unable to load XCI: {e.Message}");
-
-                return;
-            }
-
-            if (mainNca == null)
-            {
-                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, "Unable to load XCI: Could not find Main NCA");
-
-                return;
-            }
-
-            _device.Configuration.ContentManager.LoadEntries(_device);
-            _device.Configuration.ContentManager.ClearAocData();
-            _device.Configuration.ContentManager.AddAocData(securePartition, xciFile, mainNca.Header.TitleId, _device.Configuration.FsIntegrityCheckLevel);
-
-            LoadNca(mainNca, patchNca, controlNca);
-        }
-
-        public void LoadNsp(string nspFile)
-        {
-            FileStream file = new FileStream(nspFile, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
-            PartitionFileSystem nsp = new PartitionFileSystem(file.AsStorage());
-
-            Nca mainNca;
-            Nca patchNca;
-            Nca controlNca;
-
-            try
-            {
-                (mainNca, patchNca, controlNca) = GetGameData(_device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem, nsp, _device.Configuration.UserChannelPersistence.Index);
-
-                RegisterProgramMapInfo(nsp).ThrowIfFailure();
-            }
-            catch (Exception e)
-            {
-                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Unable to load NSP: {e.Message}");
-
-                return;
-            }
-
-            if (mainNca != null)
-            {
-                _device.Configuration.ContentManager.ClearAocData();
-                _device.Configuration.ContentManager.AddAocData(nsp, nspFile, mainNca.Header.TitleId, _device.Configuration.FsIntegrityCheckLevel);
-
-                LoadNca(mainNca, patchNca, controlNca);
-
-                return;
-            }
-
-            // This is not a normal NSP, it's actually a ExeFS as a NSP
-            LoadExeFs(nsp, null, isHomebrew: true);
-        }
-
-        public void LoadNca(string ncaFile)
-        {
-            FileStream file = new FileStream(ncaFile, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
-            Nca nca = new Nca(_device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.KeySet, file.AsStorage(false));
-
-            LoadNca(nca, null, null);
-        }
-
-        public void LoadServiceNca(string ncaFile)
-        {
-            FileStream file = new FileStream(ncaFile, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
-            Nca mainNca = new Nca(_device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.KeySet, file.AsStorage(false));
-
-            if (mainNca.Header.ContentType != NcaContentType.Program)
-            {
-                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, "Selected NCA is not a \"Program\" NCA");
-
-                return;
-            }
-
-            IFileSystem codeFs = null;
-
-            if (mainNca.CanOpenSection(NcaSectionType.Code))
-            {
-                codeFs = mainNca.OpenFileSystem(NcaSectionType.Code, _device.System.FsIntegrityCheckLevel);
-            }
-
-            if (codeFs == null)
-            {
-                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, "No ExeFS found in NCA");
-
-                return;
-            }
-
-            using var npdmFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
-
-            Result result = codeFs.OpenFile(ref npdmFile.Ref, "/main.npdm".ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read);
-
-            MetaLoader metaData;
-
-            npdmFile.Get.GetSize(out long fileSize).ThrowIfFailure();
-
-            var npdmBuffer = new byte[fileSize];
-            npdmFile.Get.Read(out _, 0, npdmBuffer).ThrowIfFailure();
-
-            metaData = new MetaLoader();
-            metaData.Load(npdmBuffer).ThrowIfFailure();
-
-            NsoExecutable[] nsos = new NsoExecutable[ExeFsPrefixes.Length];
-
-            for (int i = 0; i < nsos.Length; i++)
-            {
-                string name = ExeFsPrefixes[i];
-
-                if (!codeFs.FileExists($"/{name}"))
-                {
-                    continue; // File doesn't exist, skip.
-                }
-
-                Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Loading {name}...");
-
-                using var nsoFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
-
-                codeFs.OpenFile(ref nsoFile.Ref, $"/{name}".ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).ThrowIfFailure();
-
-                nsos[i] = new NsoExecutable(nsoFile.Release().AsStorage(), name);
-            }
-
-            // Collect the nsos, ignoring ones that aren't used.
-            NsoExecutable[] programs = nsos.Where(x => x != null).ToArray();
-
-            string displayVersion = _device.System.ContentManager.GetCurrentFirmwareVersion().VersionString;
-            bool usePtc = _device.System.EnablePtc;
-
-            metaData.GetNpdm(out Npdm npdm).ThrowIfFailure();
-            ProgramInfo programInfo = new ProgramInfo(in npdm, displayVersion, usePtc, allowCodeMemoryForJit: false);
-            ProgramLoader.LoadNsos(_device.System.KernelContext, metaData, programInfo, executables: programs);
-
-            string titleIdText = npdm.Aci.ProgramId.Value.ToString("x16");
-            bool titleIs64Bit = (npdm.Meta.Flags & 1) != 0;
-
-            string programName = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(npdm.Meta.ProgramName).TrimEnd('\0');
-
-            Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Service Loaded: {programName} [{titleIdText}] [{(titleIs64Bit ? "64-bit" : "32-bit")}]");
-        }
-
-        private void LoadNca(Nca mainNca, Nca patchNca, Nca controlNca)
-        {
-            if (mainNca.Header.ContentType != NcaContentType.Program)
-            {
-                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, "Selected NCA is not a \"Program\" NCA");
-
-                return;
-            }
-
-            IStorage dataStorage = null;
-            IFileSystem codeFs = null;
-
-            (Nca updatePatchNca, Nca updateControlNca) = GetGameUpdateData(_device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem, mainNca.Header.TitleId.ToString("x16"), _device.Configuration.UserChannelPersistence.Index, out _);
-
-            if (updatePatchNca != null)
-            {
-                patchNca = updatePatchNca;
-            }
-
-            if (updateControlNca != null)
-            {
-                controlNca = updateControlNca;
-            }
-
-            // Load program 0 control NCA as we are going to need it for display version.
-            (_, Nca updateProgram0ControlNca) = GetGameUpdateData(_device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem, mainNca.Header.TitleId.ToString("x16"), 0, out _);
-
-            // Load Aoc
-            string titleAocMetadataPath = Path.Combine(AppDataManager.GamesDirPath, mainNca.Header.TitleId.ToString("x16"), "dlc.json");
-
-            if (File.Exists(titleAocMetadataPath))
-            {
-                List<DownloadableContentContainer> dlcContainerList = JsonHelper.DeserializeFromFile<List<DownloadableContentContainer>>(titleAocMetadataPath);
-
-                foreach (DownloadableContentContainer downloadableContentContainer in dlcContainerList)
-                {
-                    foreach (DownloadableContentNca downloadableContentNca in downloadableContentContainer.DownloadableContentNcaList)
-                    {
-                        if (File.Exists(downloadableContentContainer.ContainerPath) && downloadableContentNca.Enabled)
-                        {
-                            _device.Configuration.ContentManager.AddAocItem(downloadableContentNca.TitleId, downloadableContentContainer.ContainerPath, downloadableContentNca.FullPath);
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Cannot find AddOnContent file {downloadableContentContainer.ContainerPath}. It may have been moved or renamed.");
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (patchNca == null)
-            {
-                if (mainNca.CanOpenSection(NcaSectionType.Data))
-                {
-                    dataStorage = mainNca.OpenStorage(NcaSectionType.Data, _device.System.FsIntegrityCheckLevel);
-                }
-
-                if (mainNca.CanOpenSection(NcaSectionType.Code))
-                {
-                    codeFs = mainNca.OpenFileSystem(NcaSectionType.Code, _device.System.FsIntegrityCheckLevel);
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                if (patchNca.CanOpenSection(NcaSectionType.Data))
-                {
-                    dataStorage = mainNca.OpenStorageWithPatch(patchNca, NcaSectionType.Data, _device.System.FsIntegrityCheckLevel);
-                }
-
-                if (patchNca.CanOpenSection(NcaSectionType.Code))
-                {
-                    codeFs = mainNca.OpenFileSystemWithPatch(patchNca, NcaSectionType.Code, _device.System.FsIntegrityCheckLevel);
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (codeFs == null)
-            {
-                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, "No ExeFS found in NCA");
-
-                return;
-            }
-
-            MetaLoader metaData = ReadNpdm(codeFs);
-
-            _device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.CollectMods(
-                _device.Configuration.ContentManager.GetAocTitleIds().Prepend(TitleId),
-                _device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.GetModsBasePath(),
-                _device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.GetSdModsBasePath());
-
-            string displayVersion = string.Empty;
-
-            if (controlNca != null)
-            {
-                ReadControlData(_device, controlNca, ref _controlData, ref _titleName, ref displayVersion);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                ControlData.ByteSpan.Clear();
-            }
-
-            // NOTE: Nintendo doesn't guarantee that the display version will be updated on sub programs when updating a multi program application.
-            // BODY: As such, to avoid PTC cache confusion, we only trust the the program 0 display version when launching a sub program.
-            if (updateProgram0ControlNca != null && _device.Configuration.UserChannelPersistence.Index != 0)
-            {
-                string dummyTitleName = "";
-                BlitStruct<ApplicationControlProperty> dummyControl = new BlitStruct<ApplicationControlProperty>(1);
-
-                ReadControlData(_device, updateProgram0ControlNca, ref dummyControl, ref dummyTitleName, ref displayVersion);
-            }
-
-            _displayVersion = displayVersion;
-
-            ulong pid = LoadExeFs(codeFs, displayVersion, metaData);
-
-            if (dataStorage == null)
-            {
-                Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Loader, "No RomFS found in NCA");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                IStorage newStorage = _device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.ApplyRomFsMods(TitleId, dataStorage);
-
-                _device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.SetRomFs(pid, newStorage.AsStream(FileAccess.Read));
-            }
-
-            // Don't create save data for system programs.
-            if (TitleId != 0 && (TitleId < SystemProgramId.Start.Value || TitleId > SystemAppletId.End.Value))
-            {
-                // Multi-program applications can technically use any program ID for the main program, but in practice they always use 0 in the low nibble.
-                // We'll know if this changes in the future because stuff will get errors when trying to mount the correct save.
-                EnsureSaveData(new ApplicationId(TitleId & ~0xFul));
-            }
-
-            Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Application Loaded: {TitleName} v{DisplayVersion} [{TitleIdText}] [{(TitleIs64Bit ? "64-bit" : "32-bit")}]");
-        }
-
-        // Sets TitleId, so be sure to call before using it
-        private MetaLoader ReadNpdm(IFileSystem fs)
-        {
-            using var npdmFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
-
-            Result result = fs.OpenFile(ref npdmFile.Ref, "/main.npdm".ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read);
-
-            MetaLoader metaData;
-
-            if (ResultFs.PathNotFound.Includes(result))
-            {
-                Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Loader, "NPDM file not found, using default values!");
-
-                metaData = GetDefaultNpdm();
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                npdmFile.Get.GetSize(out long fileSize).ThrowIfFailure();
-
-                var npdmBuffer = new byte[fileSize];
-                npdmFile.Get.Read(out _, 0, npdmBuffer).ThrowIfFailure();
-
-                metaData = new MetaLoader();
-                metaData.Load(npdmBuffer).ThrowIfFailure();
-            }
-
-            metaData.GetNpdm(out var npdm).ThrowIfFailure();
-
-            TitleId = npdm.Aci.ProgramId.Value;
-            TitleIs64Bit = (npdm.Meta.Flags & 1) != 0;
-            _device.System.LibHacHorizonManager.ArpIReader.ApplicationId = new LibHac.ApplicationId(TitleId);
-
-            return metaData;
-        }
-
-        private static void ReadControlData(Switch device, Nca controlNca, ref BlitStruct<ApplicationControlProperty> controlData, ref string titleName, ref string displayVersion)
-        {
-            using var controlFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
-
-            IFileSystem controlFs = controlNca.OpenFileSystem(NcaSectionType.Data, device.System.FsIntegrityCheckLevel);
-            Result result = controlFs.OpenFile(ref controlFile.Ref, "/control.nacp".ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read);
-
-            if (result.IsSuccess())
-            {
-                result = controlFile.Get.Read(out long bytesRead, 0, controlData.ByteSpan, ReadOption.None);
-
-                if (result.IsSuccess() && bytesRead == controlData.ByteSpan.Length)
-                {
-                    titleName = controlData.Value.Title[(int)device.System.State.DesiredTitleLanguage].NameString.ToString();
-
-                    if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(titleName))
-                    {
-                        titleName = controlData.Value.Title.ItemsRo.ToArray().FirstOrDefault(x => x.Name[0] != 0).NameString.ToString();
-                    }
-
-                    displayVersion = controlData.Value.DisplayVersionString.ToString();
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                controlData.ByteSpan.Clear();
-            }
-        }
-
-        private ulong LoadExeFs(IFileSystem codeFs, string displayVersion, MetaLoader metaData = null, bool isHomebrew = false)
-        {
-            if (_device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.ReplaceExefsPartition(TitleId, ref codeFs))
-            {
-                metaData = null; // TODO: Check if we should retain old npdm.
-            }
-
-            metaData ??= ReadNpdm(codeFs);
-
-            NsoExecutable[] nsos = new NsoExecutable[ExeFsPrefixes.Length];
-
-            for (int i = 0; i < nsos.Length; i++)
-            {
-                string name = ExeFsPrefixes[i];
-
-                if (!codeFs.FileExists($"/{name}"))
-                {
-                    continue; // File doesn't exist, skip.
-                }
-
-                Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Loading {name}...");
-
-                using var nsoFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
-
-                codeFs.OpenFile(ref nsoFile.Ref, $"/{name}".ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).ThrowIfFailure();
-
-                nsos[i] = new NsoExecutable(nsoFile.Release().AsStorage(), name);
-            }
-
-            // ExeFs file replacements.
-            ModLoadResult modLoadResult = _device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.ApplyExefsMods(TitleId, nsos);
-
-            // Collect the nsos, ignoring ones that aren't used.
-            NsoExecutable[] programs = nsos.Where(x => x != null).ToArray();
-
-            // Take the npdm from mods if present.
-            if (modLoadResult.Npdm != null)
-            {
-                metaData = modLoadResult.Npdm;
-            }
-
-            _device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.ApplyNsoPatches(TitleId, programs);
-
-            _device.Configuration.ContentManager.LoadEntries(_device);
-
-            bool usePtc = _device.System.EnablePtc;
-
-            // Don't use PPTC if ExeFs files have been replaced.
-            usePtc &= !modLoadResult.Modified;
-
-            if (_device.System.EnablePtc && !usePtc)
-            {
-                Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Ptc, $"Detected unsupported ExeFs modifications. PPTC disabled.");
-            }
-
-            Graphics.Gpu.GraphicsConfig.TitleId = TitleIdText;
-            _device.Gpu.HostInitalized.Set();
-
-            MemoryManagerMode memoryManagerMode = _device.Configuration.MemoryManagerMode;
-
-            if (!MemoryBlock.SupportsFlags(MemoryAllocationFlags.ViewCompatible))
-            {
-                memoryManagerMode = MemoryManagerMode.SoftwarePageTable;
-            }
-
-            // We allow it for nx-hbloader because it can be used to launch homebrew.
-            bool allowCodeMemoryForJit = TitleId == 0x010000000000100DUL || isHomebrew;
-
-            metaData.GetNpdm(out Npdm npdm).ThrowIfFailure();
-            ProgramInfo programInfo = new ProgramInfo(in npdm, displayVersion, usePtc, allowCodeMemoryForJit);
-            ProgramLoadResult result = ProgramLoader.LoadNsos(_device.System.KernelContext, metaData, programInfo, executables: programs);
-
-            DiskCacheLoadState = result.DiskCacheLoadState;
-
-            _device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.LoadCheats(TitleId, result.TamperInfo, _device.TamperMachine);
-
-            return result.ProcessId;
-        }
-
-        public void LoadProgram(string filePath)
-        {
-            MetaLoader metaData = GetDefaultNpdm();
-            metaData.GetNpdm(out Npdm npdm).ThrowIfFailure();
-            ProgramInfo programInfo = new ProgramInfo(in npdm, string.Empty, diskCacheEnabled: false, allowCodeMemoryForJit: true);
-
-            bool isNro = Path.GetExtension(filePath).ToLower() == ".nro";
-
-            IExecutable executable;
-            Stream romfsStream = null;
-
-            if (isNro)
-            {
-                FileStream input = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open);
-                NroExecutable obj = new NroExecutable(input.AsStorage());
-
-                executable = obj;
-
-                // Homebrew NRO can actually have some data after the actual NRO.
-                if (input.Length > obj.FileSize)
-                {
-                    input.Position = obj.FileSize;
-
-                    BinaryReader reader = new BinaryReader(input);
-
-                    uint asetMagic = reader.ReadUInt32();
-                    if (asetMagic == 0x54455341)
-                    {
-                        uint asetVersion = reader.ReadUInt32();
-                        if (asetVersion == 0)
-                        {
-                            ulong iconOffset = reader.ReadUInt64();
-                            ulong iconSize = reader.ReadUInt64();
-
-                            ulong nacpOffset = reader.ReadUInt64();
-                            ulong nacpSize = reader.ReadUInt64();
-
-                            ulong romfsOffset = reader.ReadUInt64();
-                            ulong romfsSize = reader.ReadUInt64();
-
-                            if (romfsSize != 0)
-                            {
-                                romfsStream = new HomebrewRomFsStream(input, obj.FileSize + (long)romfsOffset);
-                            }
-
-                            if (nacpSize != 0)
-                            {
-                                input.Seek(obj.FileSize + (long)nacpOffset, SeekOrigin.Begin);
-
-                                reader.Read(ControlData.ByteSpan);
-
-                                ref ApplicationControlProperty nacp = ref ControlData.Value;
-
-                                programInfo.Name = nacp.Title[(int)_device.System.State.DesiredTitleLanguage].NameString.ToString();
-
-                                if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(programInfo.Name))
-                                {
-                                    programInfo.Name = nacp.Title.ItemsRo.ToArray().FirstOrDefault(x => x.Name[0] != 0).NameString.ToString();
-                                }
-
-                                if (nacp.PresenceGroupId != 0)
-                                {
-                                    programInfo.ProgramId = nacp.PresenceGroupId;
-                                }
-                                else if (nacp.SaveDataOwnerId != 0)
-                                {
-                                    programInfo.ProgramId = nacp.SaveDataOwnerId;
-                                }
-                                else if (nacp.AddOnContentBaseId != 0)
-                                {
-                                    programInfo.ProgramId = nacp.AddOnContentBaseId - 0x1000;
-                                }
-                                else
-                                {
-                                    programInfo.ProgramId = 0000000000000000;
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Unsupported ASET header version found \"{asetVersion}\"");
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                executable = new NsoExecutable(new LocalStorage(filePath, FileAccess.Read), Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(filePath));
-            }
-
-            _device.Configuration.ContentManager.LoadEntries(_device);
-
-            _titleName = programInfo.Name;
-            TitleId = programInfo.ProgramId;
-            TitleIs64Bit = (npdm.Meta.Flags & 1) != 0;
-            _device.System.LibHacHorizonManager.ArpIReader.ApplicationId = new LibHac.ApplicationId(TitleId);
-
-            // Explicitly null titleid to disable the shader cache.
-            Graphics.Gpu.GraphicsConfig.TitleId = null;
-            _device.Gpu.HostInitalized.Set();
-
-            ProgramLoadResult result = ProgramLoader.LoadNsos(_device.System.KernelContext, metaData, programInfo, executables: executable);
-
-            if (romfsStream != null)
-            {
-                _device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.SetRomFs(result.ProcessId, romfsStream);
-            }
-
-            DiskCacheLoadState = result.DiskCacheLoadState;
-
-            _device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.LoadCheats(TitleId, result.TamperInfo, _device.TamperMachine);
-        }
-
-        private MetaLoader GetDefaultNpdm()
-        {
-            Assembly asm = Assembly.GetCallingAssembly();
-
-            using (Stream npdmStream = asm.GetManifestResourceStream("Ryujinx.HLE.Homebrew.npdm"))
-            {
-                var npdmBuffer = new byte[npdmStream.Length];
-                npdmStream.Read(npdmBuffer);
-
-                var metaLoader = new MetaLoader();
-                metaLoader.Load(npdmBuffer).ThrowIfFailure();
-
-                return metaLoader;
-            }
-        }
-
-        private static (ulong applicationId, int programCount) GetMultiProgramInfo(VirtualFileSystem fileSystem, PartitionFileSystem pfs)
-        {
-            ulong mainProgramId = 0;
-            Span<bool> hasIndex = stackalloc bool[0x10];
-
-            fileSystem.ImportTickets(pfs);
-
-            foreach (DirectoryEntryEx fileEntry in pfs.EnumerateEntries("/", "*.nca"))
-            {
-                using var ncaFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
-
-                pfs.OpenFile(ref ncaFile.Ref, fileEntry.FullPath.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).ThrowIfFailure();
-
-                Nca nca = new Nca(fileSystem.KeySet, ncaFile.Release().AsStorage());
-
-                if (nca.Header.ContentType != NcaContentType.Program)
-                {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                int dataIndex = Nca.GetSectionIndexFromType(NcaSectionType.Data, NcaContentType.Program);
-
-                if (nca.SectionExists(NcaSectionType.Data) && nca.Header.GetFsHeader(dataIndex).IsPatchSection())
-                {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                ulong currentProgramId = nca.Header.TitleId;
-                ulong currentMainProgramId = currentProgramId & ~0xFFFul;
-
-                if (mainProgramId == 0 && currentMainProgramId != 0)
-                {
-                    mainProgramId = currentMainProgramId;
-                }
-
-                if (mainProgramId != currentMainProgramId)
-                {
-                    // As far as I know there aren't any multi-application game cards containing multi-program applications,
-                    // so because multi-application game cards are the only way we should run into multiple applications
-                    // we'll just return that there's a single program.
-                    return (mainProgramId, 1);
-                }
-
-                hasIndex[(int)(currentProgramId & 0xF)] = true;
-            }
-
-            int programCount = 0;
-
-            for (int i = 0; i < hasIndex.Length && hasIndex[i]; i++)
-            {
-                programCount++;
-            }
-
-            return (mainProgramId, programCount);
-        }
-
-        private Result RegisterProgramMapInfo(PartitionFileSystem pfs)
-        {
-            (ulong applicationId, int programCount) = GetMultiProgramInfo(_device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem, pfs);
-
-            if (programCount <= 0)
-                return Result.Success;
-
-            Span<ProgramIndexMapInfo> mapInfo = stackalloc ProgramIndexMapInfo[0x10];
-
-            for (int i = 0; i < programCount; i++)
-            {
-                mapInfo[i].ProgramId = new ProgramId(applicationId + (uint)i);
-                mapInfo[i].MainProgramId = new ApplicationId(applicationId);
-                mapInfo[i].ProgramIndex = (byte)i;
-            }
-
-            return _device.System.LibHacHorizonManager.NsClient.Fs.RegisterProgramIndexMapInfo(mapInfo.Slice(0, programCount));
-        }
-
-        private Result EnsureSaveData(ApplicationId applicationId)
-        {
-            Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Application, "Ensuring required savedata exists.");
-
-            Uid user = _device.System.AccountManager.LastOpenedUser.UserId.ToLibHacUid();
-
-            ref ApplicationControlProperty control = ref ControlData.Value;
-
-            if (LibHac.Common.Utilities.IsZeros(ControlData.ByteSpan))
-            {
-                // If the current application doesn't have a loaded control property, create a dummy one
-                // and set the savedata sizes so a user savedata will be created.
-                control = ref new BlitStruct<ApplicationControlProperty>(1).Value;
-
-                // The set sizes don't actually matter as long as they're non-zero because we use directory savedata.
-                control.UserAccountSaveDataSize = 0x4000;
-                control.UserAccountSaveDataJournalSize = 0x4000;
-                control.SaveDataOwnerId = applicationId.Value;
-
-                Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Application,
-                    "No control file was found for this game. Using a dummy one instead. This may cause inaccuracies in some games.");
-            }
-
-            HorizonClient hos = _device.System.LibHacHorizonManager.RyujinxClient;
-            Result resultCode = hos.Fs.EnsureApplicationCacheStorage(out _, out _, applicationId, in control);
-
-            if (resultCode.IsFailure())
-            {
-                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Error calling EnsureApplicationCacheStorage. Result code {resultCode.ToStringWithName()}");
-
-                return resultCode;
-            }
-
-            resultCode = hos.Fs.EnsureApplicationSaveData(out _, applicationId, in control, in user);
-
-            if (resultCode.IsFailure())
-            {
-                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Error calling EnsureApplicationSaveData. Result code {resultCode.ToStringWithName()}");
-            }
-
-            return resultCode;
-        }
-    }
-}

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Horizon.cs

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.SurfaceFlinger;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Time.Clock;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.SystemState;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Executables;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes;
 using Ryujinx.Horizon;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
@@ -358,11 +359,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
             }
         }
 
-        public void LoadKip(string kipPath)
+        public bool LoadKip(string kipPath)
         {
             using var kipFile = new SharedRef<IStorage>(new LocalStorage(kipPath, FileAccess.Read));
 
-            ProgramLoader.LoadKip(KernelContext, new KipExecutable(in kipFile));
+            return ProcessLoaderHelper.LoadKip(KernelContext, new KipExecutable(in kipFile));
         }
 
         public void ChangeDockedModeState(bool newState)

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/Process/ProcessTamperInfo.cs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ using System.Collections.Generic;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Process
 {
-    internal class ProcessTamperInfo
+    class ProcessTamperInfo
     {
         public KProcess Process { get; }
         public IEnumerable<string> BuildIds { get; }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/ModLoader.cs

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Process;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Executables;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Mods;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Collections.Specialized;
@@ -547,7 +548,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
                 return modLoadResult;
             }
 
-            if (nsos.Length != ApplicationLoader.ExeFsPrefixes.Length)
+            if (nsos.Length != ProcessConst.ExeFsPrefixes.Length)
             {
                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("NSO Count is incorrect");
             }
@@ -556,9 +557,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
 
             foreach (var mod in exeMods)
             {
-                for (int i = 0; i < ApplicationLoader.ExeFsPrefixes.Length; ++i)
+                for (int i = 0; i < ProcessConst.ExeFsPrefixes.Length; ++i)
                 {
-                    var nsoName = ApplicationLoader.ExeFsPrefixes[i];
+                    var nsoName = ProcessConst.ExeFsPrefixes[i];
 
                     FileInfo nsoFile = new FileInfo(Path.Combine(mod.Path.FullName, nsoName));
                     if (nsoFile.Exists)
@@ -596,7 +597,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
                 }
             }
 
-            for (int i = ApplicationLoader.ExeFsPrefixes.Length - 1; i >= 0; --i)
+            for (int i = ProcessConst.ExeFsPrefixes.Length - 1; i >= 0; --i)
             {
                 if (modLoadResult.Stubs[1 << i] && !modLoadResult.Replaces[1 << i]) // Prioritizes replacements over stubs
                 {

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Account/Acc/AccountSaveDataManager.cs

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Account.Acc.Types;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;
-using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Account.Acc
 {
@@ -13,29 +13,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Account.Acc
     {
         private readonly string _profilesJsonPath = Path.Join(AppDataManager.BaseDirPath, "system", "Profiles.json");
 
-        private struct ProfilesJson
-        {
-            [JsonPropertyName("profiles")]
-            public List<UserProfileJson> Profiles { get; set; }
-            [JsonPropertyName("last_opened")]
-            public string LastOpened { get; set; }
-        }
-
-        private struct UserProfileJson
-        {
-            [JsonPropertyName("user_id")]
-            public string UserId { get; set; }
-            [JsonPropertyName("name")]
-            public string Name { get; set; }
-            [JsonPropertyName("account_state")]
-            public AccountState AccountState { get; set; }
-            [JsonPropertyName("online_play_state")]
-            public AccountState OnlinePlayState { get; set; }
-            [JsonPropertyName("last_modified_timestamp")]
-            public long LastModifiedTimestamp { get; set; }
-            [JsonPropertyName("image")]
-            public byte[] Image { get; set; }
-        }
+        private static readonly ProfilesJsonSerializerContext SerializerContext = new(JsonHelper.GetDefaultSerializerOptions());
 
         public UserId LastOpened { get; set; }
 
@@ -47,7 +25,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Account.Acc
             {
                 try 
                 {
-                    ProfilesJson profilesJson = JsonHelper.DeserializeFromFile<ProfilesJson>(_profilesJsonPath);
+                    ProfilesJson profilesJson = JsonHelper.DeserializeFromFile(_profilesJsonPath, SerializerContext.ProfilesJson);
 
                     foreach (var profile in profilesJson.Profiles)
                     {
@@ -92,7 +70,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Account.Acc
                 });
             }
 
-            File.WriteAllText(_profilesJsonPath, JsonHelper.Serialize(profilesJson, true));
+            JsonHelper.SerializeToFile(_profilesJsonPath, profilesJson, SerializerContext.ProfilesJson);
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Account/Acc/IAccountServiceForApplication.cs

@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Account.Acc
             // TODO: Account actually calls nn::arp::detail::IReader::GetApplicationControlProperty() with the current Pid and store the result (NACP file) internally.
             //       But since we use LibHac and we load one Application at a time, it's not necessary.
 
-            context.ResponseData.Write((byte)context.Device.Application.ControlData.Value.UserAccountSwitchLock);
+            context.ResponseData.Write((byte)context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ApplicationControlProperties.UserAccountSwitchLock);
 
             Logger.Stub?.PrintStub(LogClass.ServiceAcc);
 

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Account/Acc/ProfilesJsonSerializerContext.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Account.Acc.Types;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Account.Acc
+{
+    [JsonSourceGenerationOptions(WriteIndented = true)]
+    [JsonSerializable(typeof(ProfilesJson))]
+    internal partial class ProfilesJsonSerializerContext : JsonSerializerContext
+    {
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Account/Acc/Types/AccountState.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Account.Acc
 {
+    [JsonConverter(typeof(TypedStringEnumConverter<AccountState>))]
     public enum AccountState
     {
         Closed,

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Account/Acc/Types/ProfilesJson.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Account.Acc.Types
+{
+    internal struct ProfilesJson
+    {
+        public List<UserProfileJson> Profiles { get; set; }
+        public string LastOpened { get; set; }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Account/Acc/Types/UserProfileJson.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Account.Acc.Types
+{
+    internal struct UserProfileJson
+    {
+        public string UserId { get; set; }
+        public string Name { get; set; }
+        public AccountState AccountState { get; set; }
+        public AccountState OnlinePlayState { get; set; }
+        public long LastModifiedTimestamp { get; set; }
+        public byte[] Image { get; set; }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Am/AppletAE/AllSystemAppletProxiesService/LibraryAppletProxy/ILibraryAppletSelfAccessor.cs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Am.AppletAE.AllSystemAppletProxiesService.Lib
 
         public ILibraryAppletSelfAccessor(ServiceCtx context)
         {
-            if (context.Device.Application.TitleId == 0x0100000000001009)
+            if (context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ProgramId == 0x0100000000001009)
             {
                 // Create MiiEdit data.
                 _appletStandalone = new AppletStandalone()
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Am.AppletAE.AllSystemAppletProxiesService.Lib
             }
             else
             {
-                throw new NotImplementedException($"{context.Device.Application.TitleId} applet is not implemented.");
+                throw new NotImplementedException($"{context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ProgramId} applet is not implemented.");
             }
         }
 

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Am/AppletOE/ApplicationProxyService/ApplicationProxy/IApplicationFunctions.cs

@@ -115,28 +115,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Am.AppletOE.ApplicationProxyService.Applicati
             Uid userId = context.RequestData.ReadStruct<AccountUid>().ToLibHacUid();
 
             // Mask out the low nibble of the program ID to get the application ID
-            ApplicationId applicationId = new ApplicationId(context.Device.Application.TitleId & ~0xFul);
+            ApplicationId applicationId = new ApplicationId(context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ProgramId & ~0xFul);
 
-            BlitStruct<ApplicationControlProperty> controlHolder = context.Device.Application.ControlData;
-
-            ref ApplicationControlProperty control = ref controlHolder.Value;
-
-            if (LibHac.Common.Utilities.IsZeros(controlHolder.ByteSpan))
-            {
-                // If the current application doesn't have a loaded control property, create a dummy one
-                // and set the savedata sizes so a user savedata will be created.
-                control = ref new BlitStruct<ApplicationControlProperty>(1).Value;
-
-                // The set sizes don't actually matter as long as they're non-zero because we use directory savedata.
-                control.UserAccountSaveDataSize        = 0x4000;
-                control.UserAccountSaveDataJournalSize = 0x4000;
-
-                Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.ServiceAm,
-                    "No control file was found for this game. Using a dummy one instead. This may cause inaccuracies in some games.");
-            }
+            ApplicationControlProperty nacp = context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ApplicationControlProperties;
 
             LibHac.HorizonClient hos = context.Device.System.LibHacHorizonManager.AmClient;
-            LibHac.Result result = hos.Fs.EnsureApplicationSaveData(out long requiredSize, applicationId, in control, in userId);
+            LibHac.Result result = hos.Fs.EnsureApplicationSaveData(out long requiredSize, applicationId, in nacp, in userId);
 
             context.ResponseData.Write(requiredSize);
 
@@ -153,7 +137,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Am.AppletOE.ApplicationProxyService.Applicati
             // TODO: When above calls are implemented, switch to using ns:am
 
             long desiredLanguageCode = context.Device.System.State.DesiredLanguageCode;
-            int  supportedLanguages  = (int)context.Device.Application.ControlData.Value.SupportedLanguageFlag;
+            int  supportedLanguages  = (int)context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ApplicationControlProperties.SupportedLanguageFlag;
             int  firstSupported      = BitOperations.TrailingZeroCount(supportedLanguages);
 
             if (firstSupported > (int)TitleLanguage.BrazilianPortuguese)
@@ -196,7 +180,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Am.AppletOE.ApplicationProxyService.Applicati
         public ResultCode GetDisplayVersion(ServiceCtx context)
         {
             // If an NACP isn't found, the buffer will be all '\0' which seems to be the correct implementation.
-            context.ResponseData.Write(context.Device.Application.ControlData.Value.DisplayVersion);
+            context.ResponseData.Write(context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ApplicationControlProperties.DisplayVersion);
 
             return ResultCode.Success;
         }
@@ -251,13 +235,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Am.AppletOE.ApplicationProxyService.Applicati
             long journalSize = context.RequestData.ReadInt64();
 
             // Mask out the low nibble of the program ID to get the application ID
-            ApplicationId applicationId = new ApplicationId(context.Device.Application.TitleId & ~0xFul);
+            ApplicationId applicationId = new ApplicationId(context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ProgramId & ~0xFul);
 
-            BlitStruct<ApplicationControlProperty> controlHolder = context.Device.Application.ControlData;
+            ApplicationControlProperty nacp = context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ApplicationControlProperties;
 
             LibHac.Result result = _horizon.Fs.CreateApplicationCacheStorage(out long requiredSize,
-                out CacheStorageTargetMedia storageTarget, applicationId, in controlHolder.Value, index, saveSize,
-                journalSize);
+                out CacheStorageTargetMedia storageTarget, applicationId, in nacp, index, saveSize, journalSize);
 
             if (result.IsFailure()) return (ResultCode)result.Value;
 
@@ -677,7 +660,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Am.AppletOE.ApplicationProxyService.Applicati
                     throw new InvalidSystemResourceException($"JIT (010000000000003B) system title not found! The JIT will not work, provide the system archive to fix this error. (See https://github.com/Ryujinx/Ryujinx#requirements for more information)");
                 }
 
-                context.Device.Application.LoadServiceNca(filePath);
+                context.Device.LoadNca(filePath);
 
                 // FIXME: Most likely not how this should be done?
                 while (!context.Device.System.SmRegistry.IsServiceRegistered("jit:u"))

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Arp/ApplicationLaunchProperty.cs

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Arp
 
             return new ApplicationLaunchProperty
             {
-                TitleId             = context.Device.Application.TitleId,
+                TitleId             = context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ProgramId,
                 Version             = 0x00,
                 BaseGameStorageId   = (byte)StorageId.BuiltInSystem,
                 UpdateGameStorageId = (byte)StorageId.None

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Caps/IScreenShotApplicationService.cs

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Caps
 
             byte[] screenshotData = context.Memory.GetSpan(screenshotDataPosition, (int)screenshotDataSize, true).ToArray();
 
-            ResultCode resultCode = context.Device.System.CaptureManager.SaveScreenShot(screenshotData, appletResourceUserId, context.Device.Application.TitleId, out ApplicationAlbumEntry applicationAlbumEntry);
+            ResultCode resultCode = context.Device.System.CaptureManager.SaveScreenShot(screenshotData, appletResourceUserId, context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ProgramId, out ApplicationAlbumEntry applicationAlbumEntry);
 
             context.ResponseData.WriteStruct(applicationAlbumEntry);
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Caps
 
             byte[] screenshotData = context.Memory.GetSpan(screenshotDataPosition, (int)screenshotDataSize, true).ToArray();
 
-            ResultCode resultCode = context.Device.System.CaptureManager.SaveScreenShot(screenshotData, appletResourceUserId, context.Device.Application.TitleId, out ApplicationAlbumEntry applicationAlbumEntry);
+            ResultCode resultCode = context.Device.System.CaptureManager.SaveScreenShot(screenshotData, appletResourceUserId, context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ProgramId, out ApplicationAlbumEntry applicationAlbumEntry);
 
             context.ResponseData.WriteStruct(applicationAlbumEntry);
 
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Caps
 
             byte[] screenshotData = context.Memory.GetSpan(screenshotDataPosition, (int)screenshotDataSize, true).ToArray();
 
-            ResultCode resultCode = context.Device.System.CaptureManager.SaveScreenShot(screenshotData, appletResourceUserId, context.Device.Application.TitleId, out ApplicationAlbumEntry applicationAlbumEntry);
+            ResultCode resultCode = context.Device.System.CaptureManager.SaveScreenShot(screenshotData, appletResourceUserId, context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ProgramId, out ApplicationAlbumEntry applicationAlbumEntry);
 
             context.ResponseData.WriteStruct(applicationAlbumEntry);
 

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Fatal/IService.cs

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Fatal
             errorReport.AppendLine();
             errorReport.AppendLine("ErrorReport log:");
 
-            errorReport.AppendLine($"\tTitleId: {context.Device.Application.TitleId:x16}");
+            errorReport.AppendLine($"\tTitleId: {context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ProgramIdText}");
             errorReport.AppendLine($"\tPid: {pid}");
             errorReport.AppendLine($"\tResultCode: {((int)resultCode & 0x1FF) + 2000}-{((int)resultCode >> 9) & 0x3FFF:d4}");
             errorReport.AppendLine($"\tFatalPolicy: {fatalPolicy}");
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Fatal
             {
                 errorReport.AppendLine("CPU Context:");
 
-                if (context.Device.Application.TitleIs64Bit)
+                if (context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.Is64Bit)
                 {
                     CpuContext64 cpuContext64 = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, CpuContext64>(cpuContext)[0];
 

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Friend/ServiceCreator/IFriendService.cs

@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Friend.ServiceCreator
             }
 
             // TODO: Call nn::arp::GetApplicationControlProperty here when implemented.
-            ApplicationControlProperty controlProperty = context.Device.Application.ControlData.Value;
+            ApplicationControlProperty controlProperty = context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ApplicationControlProperties;
 
             /*
 

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Fs/IFileSystemProxy.cs

@@ -808,7 +808,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Fs
         {
             byte programIndex = context.RequestData.ReadByte();
 
-            if ((context.Device.Application.TitleId & 0xf) != programIndex)
+            if ((context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ProgramId & 0xf) != programIndex)
             {
                 throw new NotImplementedException($"Accessing storage from other programs is not supported (program index = {programIndex}).");
             }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Nfc/Nfp/AmiiboJsonSerializerContext.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Nfc.Nfp.NfpManager;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Nfc.Nfp
+{
+    [JsonSerializable(typeof(VirtualAmiiboFile))]
+    internal partial class AmiiboJsonSerializerContext : JsonSerializerContext
+    {
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Nfc/Nfp/VirtualAmiibo.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
 using Ryujinx.Cpu;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Mii;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Mii.Types;
@@ -8,8 +9,6 @@ using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
-using System.Text;
-using System.Text.Json;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Nfc.Nfp
 {
@@ -17,6 +16,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Nfc.Nfp
     {
         private static uint _openedApplicationAreaId;
 
+        private static readonly AmiiboJsonSerializerContext SerializerContext = AmiiboJsonSerializerContext.Default;
+
         public static byte[] GenerateUuid(string amiiboId, bool useRandomUuid)
         {
             if (useRandomUuid)
@@ -173,7 +174,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Nfc.Nfp
 
             if (File.Exists(filePath))
             {
-                virtualAmiiboFile = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<VirtualAmiiboFile>(File.ReadAllText(filePath), new JsonSerializerOptions(JsonSerializerDefaults.General));
+                virtualAmiiboFile = JsonHelper.DeserializeFromFile(filePath, SerializerContext.VirtualAmiiboFile);
             }
             else
             {
@@ -197,8 +198,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Nfc.Nfp
         private static void SaveAmiiboFile(VirtualAmiiboFile virtualAmiiboFile)
         {
             string filePath = Path.Join(AppDataManager.BaseDirPath, "system", "amiibo", $"{virtualAmiiboFile.AmiiboId}.json");
-
-            File.WriteAllText(filePath, JsonSerializer.Serialize(virtualAmiiboFile));
+            JsonHelper.SerializeToFile(filePath, virtualAmiiboFile, SerializerContext.VirtualAmiiboFile);
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Ns/Aoc/IAddOnContentManager.cs

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Ns.Aoc
 
             // NOTE: Service call arp:r GetApplicationLaunchProperty to get TitleId using the PId.
 
-            return CountAddOnContentImpl(context, context.Device.Application.TitleId);
+            return CountAddOnContentImpl(context, context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ProgramId);
         }
 
         [CommandHipc(3)]
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Ns.Aoc
 
             // NOTE: Service call arp:r GetApplicationLaunchProperty to get TitleId using the PId.
 
-            return ListAddContentImpl(context, context.Device.Application.TitleId);
+            return ListAddContentImpl(context, context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ProgramId);
         }
 
         [CommandHipc(4)] // 1.0.0-6.2.0
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Ns.Aoc
 
             // NOTE: Service call arp:r GetApplicationLaunchProperty to get TitleId using the PId.
 
-            return GetAddOnContentBaseIdImpl(context, context.Device.Application.TitleId);
+            return GetAddOnContentBaseIdImpl(context, context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ProgramId);
         }
 
         [CommandHipc(6)] // 1.0.0-6.2.0
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Ns.Aoc
 
             // NOTE: Service call arp:r GetApplicationLaunchProperty to get TitleId using the PId.
 
-            return PrepareAddOnContentImpl(context, context.Device.Application.TitleId);
+            return PrepareAddOnContentImpl(context, context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ProgramId);
         }
 
         [CommandHipc(8)] // 4.0.0+
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Ns.Aoc
             // NOTE: Service call arp:r GetApplicationLaunchProperty to get TitleId using the PId.
 
             // TODO: Found where stored value is used.
-            ResultCode resultCode = GetAddOnContentBaseIdFromTitleId(context, context.Device.Application.TitleId);
+            ResultCode resultCode = GetAddOnContentBaseIdFromTitleId(context, context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ProgramId);
 
             if (resultCode != ResultCode.Success)
             {
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Ns.Aoc
             // NOTE: Service calls arp:r GetApplicationControlProperty to get AddOnContentBaseId using TitleId,
             //       If the call fails, it returns ResultCode.InvalidPid.
 
-            _addOnContentBaseId = context.Device.Application.ControlData.Value.AddOnContentBaseId;
+            _addOnContentBaseId = context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ApplicationControlProperties.AddOnContentBaseId;
 
             if (_addOnContentBaseId == 0)
             {
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Ns.Aoc
         {
             uint index = context.RequestData.ReadUInt32();
 
-            ResultCode resultCode = GetAddOnContentBaseIdFromTitleId(context, context.Device.Application.TitleId);
+            ResultCode resultCode = GetAddOnContentBaseIdFromTitleId(context, context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ProgramId);
 
             if (resultCode != ResultCode.Success)
             {

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Ns/IApplicationManagerInterface.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Ns
+using LibHac.Ns;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
+using System;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Ns
 {
     [Service("ns:am")]
     class IApplicationManagerInterface : IpcService
@@ -14,9 +18,9 @@
 
             ulong position = context.Request.ReceiveBuff[0].Position;
 
-            byte[] nacpData = context.Device.Application.ControlData.ByteSpan.ToArray();
+            ApplicationControlProperty nacp = context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ApplicationControlProperties;
 
-            context.Memory.Write(position, nacpData);
+            context.Memory.Write(position, SpanHelpers.AsByteSpan(ref nacp).ToArray());
 
             return ResultCode.Success;
         }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Ns/IReadOnlyApplicationControlDataInterface.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Ns
+using LibHac.Common;
+using LibHac.Ns;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Ns
 {
     class IReadOnlyApplicationControlDataInterface : IpcService
     {
@@ -13,9 +16,9 @@
 
             ulong position = context.Request.ReceiveBuff[0].Position;
 
-            byte[] nacpData = context.Device.Application.ControlData.ByteSpan.ToArray();
+            ApplicationControlProperty nacp = context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ApplicationControlProperties;
 
-            context.Memory.Write(position, nacpData);
+            context.Memory.Write(position, SpanHelpers.AsByteSpan(ref nacp).ToArray());
 
             return ResultCode.Success;
         }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Pctl/ParentalControlServiceFactory/IParentalControlService.cs

@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Pctl.ParentalControlServiceFactory
                         _titleId = titleId;
 
                         // TODO: Call nn::arp::GetApplicationControlProperty here when implemented, if it return ResultCode.Success we assign fields.
-                        _ratingAge           = Array.ConvertAll(context.Device.Application.ControlData.Value.RatingAge.ItemsRo.ToArray(), Convert.ToInt32);
-                        _parentalControlFlag = context.Device.Application.ControlData.Value.ParentalControlFlag;
+                        _ratingAge           = Array.ConvertAll(context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ApplicationControlProperties.RatingAge.ItemsRo.ToArray(), Convert.ToInt32);
+                        _parentalControlFlag = context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ApplicationControlProperties.ParentalControlFlag;
                     }
                 }
 

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Sdb/Pdm/QueryService/QueryPlayStatisticsManager.cs

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
-using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Sdb.Pdm.QueryService
 {
@@ -16,8 +15,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Sdb.Pdm.QueryService
 
         internal static ResultCode GetPlayStatistics(ServiceCtx context, bool byUserId = false)
         {
-            ref readonly var controlProperty = ref context.Device.Application.ControlData.Value;
-
             ulong inputPosition = context.Request.SendBuff[0].Position;
             ulong inputSize     = context.Request.SendBuff[0].Size;
 
@@ -34,7 +31,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Sdb.Pdm.QueryService
                 }
             }
 
-            PlayLogQueryCapability queryCapability = (PlayLogQueryCapability)controlProperty.PlayLogQueryCapability;
+            PlayLogQueryCapability queryCapability = (PlayLogQueryCapability)context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ApplicationControlProperties.PlayLogQueryCapability;
 
             List<ulong> titleIds = new List<ulong>();
 
@@ -48,7 +45,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Sdb.Pdm.QueryService
                 // Check if input title ids are in the whitelist.
                 foreach (ulong titleId in titleIds)
                 {
-                    if (!controlProperty.PlayLogQueryableApplicationId.ItemsRo.Contains(titleId))
+                    if (!context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ApplicationControlProperties.PlayLogQueryableApplicationId.ItemsRo.Contains(titleId))
                     {
                         return (ResultCode)Am.ResultCode.ObjectInvalid;
                     }

Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/Extensions/FileSystemExtensions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+using LibHac.Common;
+using LibHac.Fs;
+using LibHac.Fs.Fsa;
+using LibHac.Loader;
+using LibHac.Ns;
+using LibHac.Tools.FsSystem;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Executables;
+using Ryujinx.Memory;
+using System.Linq;
+using static Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.ModLoader;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes.Extensions
+{
+    static class FileSystemExtensions
+    {
+        public static MetaLoader GetNpdm(this IFileSystem fileSystem)
+        {
+            MetaLoader metaLoader = new();
+
+            if (fileSystem == null || !fileSystem.FileExists(ProcessConst.MainNpdmPath))
+            {
+                Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Loader, "NPDM file not found, using default values!");
+
+                metaLoader.LoadDefault();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                metaLoader.LoadFromFile(fileSystem);
+            }
+
+            return metaLoader;
+        }
+
+        public static ProcessResult Load(this IFileSystem exeFs, Switch device, BlitStruct<ApplicationControlProperty> nacpData, MetaLoader metaLoader, bool isHomebrew = false)
+        {
+            ulong programId = metaLoader.GetProgramId();
+
+            // Replace the whole ExeFs partition by the modded one.
+            if (device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.ReplaceExefsPartition(programId, ref exeFs))
+            {
+                metaLoader = null;
+            }
+
+            // Reload the MetaLoader in case of ExeFs partition replacement.
+            metaLoader ??= exeFs.GetNpdm();
+
+            NsoExecutable[] nsoExecutables = new NsoExecutable[ProcessConst.ExeFsPrefixes.Length];
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < nsoExecutables.Length; i++)
+            {
+                string name = ProcessConst.ExeFsPrefixes[i];
+
+                if (!exeFs.FileExists($"/{name}"))
+                {
+                    continue; // File doesn't exist, skip.
+                }
+
+                Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Loading {name}...");
+
+                using var nsoFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
+
+                exeFs.OpenFile(ref nsoFile.Ref, $"/{name}".ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).ThrowIfFailure();
+
+                nsoExecutables[i] = new NsoExecutable(nsoFile.Release().AsStorage(), name);
+            }
+
+            // ExeFs file replacements.
+            ModLoadResult modLoadResult = device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.ApplyExefsMods(programId, nsoExecutables);
+
+            // Take the Npdm from mods if present.
+            if (modLoadResult.Npdm != null)
+            {
+                metaLoader = modLoadResult.Npdm;
+            }
+
+            // Collect the Nsos, ignoring ones that aren't used.
+            nsoExecutables = nsoExecutables.Where(x => x != null).ToArray();
+
+            // Apply Nsos patches.
+            device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.ApplyNsoPatches(programId, nsoExecutables);
+
+            // Don't use PTC if ExeFS files have been replaced.
+            bool enablePtc = device.System.EnablePtc && !modLoadResult.Modified;
+            if (!enablePtc)
+            {
+                Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Ptc, $"Detected unsupported ExeFs modifications. PTC disabled.");
+            }
+
+            // We allow it for nx-hbloader because it can be used to launch homebrew.
+            bool allowCodeMemoryForJit = programId == 0x010000000000100DUL || isHomebrew;
+
+            string programName = "";
+
+            if (!isHomebrew && programId > 0x010000000000FFFF)
+            {
+                programName = nacpData.Value.Title[(int)device.System.State.DesiredTitleLanguage].NameString.ToString();
+
+                if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(programName))
+                {
+                    programName = nacpData.Value.Title.ItemsRo.ToArray().FirstOrDefault(x => x.Name[0] != 0).NameString.ToString();
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Initialize GPU.
+            Graphics.Gpu.GraphicsConfig.TitleId = $"{programId:x16}";
+            device.Gpu.HostInitalized.Set();
+
+            if (!MemoryBlock.SupportsFlags(MemoryAllocationFlags.ViewCompatible))
+            {
+                device.Configuration.MemoryManagerMode = MemoryManagerMode.SoftwarePageTable;
+            }
+
+            ProcessResult processResult = ProcessLoaderHelper.LoadNsos(
+                device,
+                device.System.KernelContext,
+                metaLoader,
+                nacpData.Value,
+                enablePtc,
+                allowCodeMemoryForJit,
+                programName,
+                metaLoader.GetProgramId(),
+                null,
+                nsoExecutables);
+
+            // TODO: This should be stored using ProcessId instead.
+            device.System.LibHacHorizonManager.ArpIReader.ApplicationId = new LibHac.ApplicationId(metaLoader.GetProgramId());
+
+            return processResult;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/Extensions/LocalFileSystemExtensions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+using LibHac.Common;
+using LibHac.FsSystem;
+using LibHac.Loader;
+using LibHac.Ns;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes.Extensions;
+using ApplicationId = LibHac.Ncm.ApplicationId;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes
+{
+    static class LocalFileSystemExtensions
+    {
+        public static ProcessResult Load(this LocalFileSystem exeFs, Switch device, string romFsPath = "")
+        {
+            MetaLoader metaLoader = exeFs.GetNpdm();
+            var        nacpData   = new BlitStruct<ApplicationControlProperty>(1);
+            ulong      programId  = metaLoader.GetProgramId();
+
+            device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.CollectMods(
+                new[] { programId },
+                device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.GetModsBasePath(),
+                device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.GetSdModsBasePath());
+
+            if (programId != 0)
+            {
+                ProcessLoaderHelper.EnsureSaveData(device, new ApplicationId(programId), nacpData);
+            }
+
+            ProcessResult processResult = exeFs.Load(device, nacpData, metaLoader);
+
+            // Load RomFS.
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(romFsPath))
+            {
+                device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.LoadRomFs(processResult.ProcessId, romFsPath);
+            }
+
+            return processResult;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/Extensions/MetaLoaderExtensions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+using LibHac.Common;
+using LibHac.Fs;
+using LibHac.Fs.Fsa;
+using LibHac.Loader;
+using LibHac.Util;
+using Ryujinx.Common;
+using System;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes.Extensions
+{
+    public static class MetaLoaderExtensions
+    {
+        public static ulong GetProgramId(this MetaLoader metaLoader)
+        {
+            metaLoader.GetNpdm(out var npdm).ThrowIfFailure();
+
+            return npdm.Aci.ProgramId.Value;
+        }
+
+        public static string GetProgramName(this MetaLoader metaLoader)
+        {
+            metaLoader.GetNpdm(out var npdm).ThrowIfFailure();
+
+            return StringUtils.Utf8ZToString(npdm.Meta.ProgramName);
+        }
+
+        public static bool IsProgram64Bit(this MetaLoader metaLoader)
+        {
+            metaLoader.GetNpdm(out var npdm).ThrowIfFailure();
+
+            return (npdm.Meta.Flags & 1) != 0;
+        }
+
+        public static void LoadDefault(this MetaLoader metaLoader)
+        {
+            byte[] npdmBuffer = EmbeddedResources.Read("Ryujinx.HLE/Homebrew.npdm");
+
+            metaLoader.Load(npdmBuffer).ThrowIfFailure();
+        }
+
+        public static void LoadFromFile(this MetaLoader metaLoader, IFileSystem fileSystem, string path = "")
+        {
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(path))
+            {
+                path = ProcessConst.MainNpdmPath;
+            }
+
+            using var npdmFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
+
+            fileSystem.OpenFile(ref npdmFile.Ref, path.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).ThrowIfFailure();
+
+            npdmFile.Get.GetSize(out long fileSize).ThrowIfFailure();
+
+            Span<byte> npdmBuffer = new byte[fileSize];
+
+            npdmFile.Get.Read(out _, 0, npdmBuffer).ThrowIfFailure();
+
+            metaLoader.Load(npdmBuffer).ThrowIfFailure();
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/Extensions/NcaExtensions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+using LibHac;
+using LibHac.Common;
+using LibHac.Fs;
+using LibHac.Fs.Fsa;
+using LibHac.Loader;
+using LibHac.Ncm;
+using LibHac.Ns;
+using LibHac.Tools.FsSystem;
+using LibHac.Tools.FsSystem.NcaUtils;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using ApplicationId = LibHac.Ncm.ApplicationId;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes.Extensions
+{
+    static class NcaExtensions
+    {
+        public static ProcessResult Load(this Nca nca, Switch device, Nca patchNca, Nca controlNca)
+        {
+            // Extract RomFs and ExeFs from NCA.
+            IStorage    romFs = nca.GetRomFs(device, patchNca);
+            IFileSystem exeFs = nca.GetExeFs(device, patchNca);
+
+            if (exeFs == null)
+            {
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, "No ExeFS found in NCA");
+
+                return ProcessResult.Failed;
+            }
+
+            // Load Npdm file.
+            MetaLoader metaLoader = exeFs.GetNpdm();
+
+            // Collecting mods related to AocTitleIds and ProgramId.
+            device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.CollectMods(
+                device.Configuration.ContentManager.GetAocTitleIds().Prepend(metaLoader.GetProgramId()),
+                device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.GetModsBasePath(),
+                device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.GetSdModsBasePath());
+
+            // Load Nacp file.
+            var nacpData = new BlitStruct<ApplicationControlProperty>(1);
+
+            if (controlNca != null)
+            {
+                nacpData = controlNca.GetNacp(device);
+            }
+
+            /* TODO: Rework this since it's wrong and doesn't work as it takes the DisplayVersion from a "potential" inexistant update.
+
+            // Load program 0 control NCA as we are going to need it for display version.
+            (_, Nca updateProgram0ControlNca) = GetGameUpdateData(_device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem, mainNca.Header.TitleId.ToString("x16"), 0, out _);
+
+            // NOTE: Nintendo doesn't guarantee that the display version will be updated on sub programs when updating a multi program application.
+            //       As such, to avoid PTC cache confusion, we only trust the program 0 display version when launching a sub program.
+            if (updateProgram0ControlNca != null && _device.Configuration.UserChannelPersistence.Index != 0)
+            {
+                nacpData.Value.DisplayVersion = updateProgram0ControlNca.GetNacp(_device).Value.DisplayVersion;
+            }
+
+            */
+
+            ProcessResult processResult = exeFs.Load(device, nacpData, metaLoader);
+
+            // Load RomFS.
+            if (romFs == null)
+            {
+                Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Loader, "No RomFS found in NCA");
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                romFs = device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.ApplyRomFsMods(processResult.ProgramId, romFs);
+
+                device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.SetRomFs(processResult.ProcessId, romFs.AsStream(FileAccess.Read));
+            }
+
+            // Don't create save data for system programs.
+            if (processResult.ProgramId != 0 && (processResult.ProgramId < SystemProgramId.Start.Value || processResult.ProgramId > SystemAppletId.End.Value))
+            {
+                // Multi-program applications can technically use any program ID for the main program, but in practice they always use 0 in the low nibble.
+                // We'll know if this changes in the future because applications will get errors when trying to mount the correct save.
+                ProcessLoaderHelper.EnsureSaveData(device, new ApplicationId(processResult.ProgramId & ~0xFul), nacpData);
+            }
+
+            return processResult;
+        }
+
+        public static int GetProgramIndex(this Nca nca)
+        {
+            return (int)(nca.Header.TitleId & 0xF);
+        }
+
+        public static bool IsProgram(this Nca nca)
+        {
+            return nca.Header.ContentType == NcaContentType.Program;
+        }
+
+        public static bool IsPatch(this Nca nca)
+        {
+            int dataIndex = Nca.GetSectionIndexFromType(NcaSectionType.Data, NcaContentType.Program);
+
+            return nca.IsProgram() && nca.SectionExists(NcaSectionType.Data) && nca.Header.GetFsHeader(dataIndex).IsPatchSection();
+        }
+
+        public static bool IsControl(this Nca nca)
+        {
+            return nca.Header.ContentType == NcaContentType.Control;
+        }
+
+        public static IFileSystem GetExeFs(this Nca nca, Switch device, Nca patchNca = null)
+        {
+            IFileSystem exeFs = null;
+
+            if (patchNca == null)
+            {
+                if (nca.CanOpenSection(NcaSectionType.Code))
+                {
+                    exeFs = nca.OpenFileSystem(NcaSectionType.Code, device.System.FsIntegrityCheckLevel);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (patchNca.CanOpenSection(NcaSectionType.Code))
+                {
+                    exeFs = nca.OpenFileSystemWithPatch(patchNca, NcaSectionType.Code, device.System.FsIntegrityCheckLevel);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return exeFs;
+        }
+
+        public static IStorage GetRomFs(this Nca nca, Switch device, Nca patchNca = null)
+        {
+            IStorage romFs = null;
+
+            if (patchNca == null)
+            {
+                if (nca.CanOpenSection(NcaSectionType.Data))
+                {
+                    romFs = nca.OpenStorage(NcaSectionType.Data, device.System.FsIntegrityCheckLevel);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (patchNca.CanOpenSection(NcaSectionType.Data))
+                {
+                    romFs = nca.OpenStorageWithPatch(patchNca, NcaSectionType.Data, device.System.FsIntegrityCheckLevel);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return romFs;
+        }
+
+        public static BlitStruct<ApplicationControlProperty> GetNacp(this Nca controlNca, Switch device)
+        {
+            var nacpData = new BlitStruct<ApplicationControlProperty>(1);
+
+            using var controlFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
+
+            Result result = controlNca.OpenFileSystem(NcaSectionType.Data, device.System.FsIntegrityCheckLevel)
+                                      .OpenFile(ref controlFile.Ref, "/control.nacp".ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read);
+
+            if (result.IsSuccess())
+            {
+                result = controlFile.Get.Read(out long bytesRead, 0, nacpData.ByteSpan, ReadOption.None);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                nacpData.ByteSpan.Clear();
+            }
+
+            return nacpData;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/Extensions/PartitionFileSystemExtensions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+using LibHac.Common;
+using LibHac.Fs;
+using LibHac.Fs.Fsa;
+using LibHac.FsSystem;
+using LibHac.Tools.Fs;
+using LibHac.Tools.FsSystem;
+using LibHac.Tools.FsSystem.NcaUtils;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes.Extensions
+{
+    public static class PartitionFileSystemExtensions
+    {
+        private static readonly DownloadableContentJsonSerializerContext ContentSerializerContext = new(JsonHelper.GetDefaultSerializerOptions());
+        private static readonly TitleUpdateMetadataJsonSerializerContext TitleSerializerContext = new(JsonHelper.GetDefaultSerializerOptions());
+
+        internal static (bool, ProcessResult) TryLoad(this PartitionFileSystem partitionFileSystem, Switch device, string path, out string errorMessage)
+        {
+            errorMessage = null;
+
+            // Load required NCAs.
+            Nca mainNca    = null;
+            Nca patchNca   = null;
+            Nca controlNca = null;
+
+            try
+            {
+                device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ImportTickets(partitionFileSystem);
+
+                // TODO: To support multi-games container, this should use CNMT NCA instead.
+                foreach (DirectoryEntryEx fileEntry in partitionFileSystem.EnumerateEntries("/", "*.nca"))
+                {
+                    Nca nca = partitionFileSystem.GetNca(device, fileEntry.FullPath);
+
+                    if (nca.GetProgramIndex() != device.Configuration.UserChannelPersistence.Index)
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    if (nca.IsPatch())
+                    {
+                        patchNca = nca;
+                    }
+                    else if (nca.IsProgram())
+                    {
+                        mainNca = nca;
+                    }
+                    else if (nca.IsControl())
+                    {
+                        controlNca = nca;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                ProcessLoaderHelper.RegisterProgramMapInfo(device, partitionFileSystem).ThrowIfFailure();
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                errorMessage = $"Unable to load: {ex.Message}";
+
+                return (false, ProcessResult.Failed);
+            }
+
+            if (mainNca != null)
+            {
+                if (mainNca.Header.ContentType != NcaContentType.Program)
+                {
+                    errorMessage = "Selected NCA file is not a \"Program\" NCA";
+
+                    return (false, ProcessResult.Failed);
+                }
+
+                // Load Update NCAs.
+                Nca updatePatchNca = null;
+                Nca updateControlNca = null;
+
+                if (ulong.TryParse(mainNca.Header.TitleId.ToString("x16"), NumberStyles.HexNumber, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out ulong titleIdBase))
+                {
+                    // Clear the program index part.
+                    titleIdBase &= ~0xFUL;
+
+                    // Load update information if exists.
+                    string titleUpdateMetadataPath = System.IO.Path.Combine(AppDataManager.GamesDirPath, titleIdBase.ToString("x16"), "updates.json");
+                    if (File.Exists(titleUpdateMetadataPath))
+                    {
+                        string updatePath = JsonHelper.DeserializeFromFile(titleUpdateMetadataPath, TitleSerializerContext.TitleUpdateMetadata).Selected;
+                        if (File.Exists(updatePath))
+                        {
+                            PartitionFileSystem updatePartitionFileSystem = new(new FileStream(updatePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read).AsStorage());
+
+                            device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ImportTickets(updatePartitionFileSystem);
+
+                            // TODO: This should use CNMT NCA instead.
+                            foreach (DirectoryEntryEx fileEntry in updatePartitionFileSystem.EnumerateEntries("/", "*.nca"))
+                            {
+                                Nca nca = updatePartitionFileSystem.GetNca(device, fileEntry.FullPath);
+
+                                if (nca.GetProgramIndex() != device.Configuration.UserChannelPersistence.Index)
+                                {
+                                    continue;
+                                }
+
+                                if ($"{nca.Header.TitleId.ToString("x16")[..^3]}000" != titleIdBase.ToString("x16"))
+                                {
+                                    break;
+                                }
+
+                                if (nca.IsProgram())
+                                {
+                                    updatePatchNca = nca;
+                                }
+                                else if (nca.IsControl())
+                                {
+                                    updateControlNca = nca;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (updatePatchNca != null)
+                {
+                    patchNca = updatePatchNca;
+                }
+
+                if (updateControlNca != null)
+                {
+                    controlNca = updateControlNca;
+                }
+
+                // Load contained DownloadableContents.
+                // TODO: If we want to support multi-processes in future, we shouldn't clear AddOnContent data here.
+                device.Configuration.ContentManager.ClearAocData();
+                device.Configuration.ContentManager.AddAocData(partitionFileSystem, path, mainNca.Header.TitleId, device.Configuration.FsIntegrityCheckLevel);
+
+                // Load DownloadableContents.
+                string addOnContentMetadataPath = System.IO.Path.Combine(AppDataManager.GamesDirPath, mainNca.Header.TitleId.ToString("x16"), "dlc.json");
+                if (File.Exists(addOnContentMetadataPath))
+                {
+                    List<DownloadableContentContainer> dlcContainerList = JsonHelper.DeserializeFromFile(addOnContentMetadataPath, ContentSerializerContext.ListDownloadableContentContainer);
+
+                    foreach (DownloadableContentContainer downloadableContentContainer in dlcContainerList)
+                    {
+                        foreach (DownloadableContentNca downloadableContentNca in downloadableContentContainer.DownloadableContentNcaList)
+                        {
+                            if (File.Exists(downloadableContentContainer.ContainerPath) && downloadableContentNca.Enabled)
+                            {
+                                device.Configuration.ContentManager.AddAocItem(downloadableContentNca.TitleId, downloadableContentContainer.ContainerPath, downloadableContentNca.FullPath);
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Cannot find AddOnContent file {downloadableContentContainer.ContainerPath}. It may have been moved or renamed.");
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return (true, mainNca.Load(device, patchNca, controlNca));
+            }
+
+            errorMessage = "Unable to load: Could not find Main NCA";
+
+            return (false, ProcessResult.Failed);
+        }
+
+        public static Nca GetNca(this IFileSystem fileSystem, Switch device, string path)
+        {
+            using var ncaFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
+
+            fileSystem.OpenFile(ref ncaFile.Ref, path.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).ThrowIfFailure();
+
+            return new Nca(device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.KeySet, ncaFile.Release().AsStorage());
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/ProcessConst.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes
+{
+    static class ProcessConst
+    {
+        // Binaries from exefs are loaded into mem in this order. Do not change.
+        public static readonly string[] ExeFsPrefixes =
+        {
+            "rtld",
+            "main",
+            "subsdk0",
+            "subsdk1",
+            "subsdk2",
+            "subsdk3",
+            "subsdk4",
+            "subsdk5",
+            "subsdk6",
+            "subsdk7",
+            "subsdk8",
+            "subsdk9",
+            "sdk"
+        };
+
+        public static readonly string MainNpdmPath = "/main.npdm";
+
+        public const int NroAsetMagic = ('A' << 0) | ('S' << 8) | ('E' << 16) | ('T' << 24);
+
+        public const bool AslrEnabled = true;
+
+        public const int NsoArgsHeaderSize = 8;
+        public const int NsoArgsDataSize   = 0x9000;
+        public const int NsoArgsTotalSize  = NsoArgsHeaderSize + NsoArgsDataSize;
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/ProcessLoader.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+using LibHac.Common;
+using LibHac.Fs;
+using LibHac.Fs.Fsa;
+using LibHac.FsSystem;
+using LibHac.Ns;
+using LibHac.Tools.Fs;
+using LibHac.Tools.FsSystem;
+using LibHac.Tools.FsSystem.NcaUtils;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Executables;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes.Extensions;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using Path = System.IO.Path;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes
+{
+    public class ProcessLoader
+    {
+        private readonly Switch _device;
+
+        private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<ulong, ProcessResult> _processesByPid;
+
+        private ulong _latestPid;
+
+        public ProcessResult ActiveApplication => _processesByPid[_latestPid];
+
+        public ProcessLoader(Switch device)
+        {
+            _device         = device;
+            _processesByPid = new ConcurrentDictionary<ulong, ProcessResult>();
+        }
+
+        public bool LoadXci(string path)
+        {
+            FileStream stream = new(path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+            Xci        xci    = new(_device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.KeySet, stream.AsStorage());
+
+            if (!xci.HasPartition(XciPartitionType.Secure))
+            {
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, "Unable to load XCI: Could not find XCI Secure partition");
+
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            (bool success, ProcessResult processResult) = xci.OpenPartition(XciPartitionType.Secure).TryLoad(_device, path, out string errorMessage);
+
+            if (!success)
+            {
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, errorMessage, nameof(PartitionFileSystemExtensions.TryLoad));
+
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (processResult.ProcessId != 0 && _processesByPid.TryAdd(processResult.ProcessId, processResult))
+            {
+                if (processResult.Start(_device))
+                {
+                    _latestPid = processResult.ProcessId;
+
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        public bool LoadNsp(string path)
+        {
+            FileStream          file                = new(path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+            PartitionFileSystem partitionFileSystem = new(file.AsStorage());
+
+            (bool success, ProcessResult processResult) = partitionFileSystem.TryLoad(_device, path, out string errorMessage);
+
+            if (processResult.ProcessId == 0)
+            {
+                // This is not a normal NSP, it's actually a ExeFS as a NSP
+                processResult = partitionFileSystem.Load(_device, new BlitStruct<ApplicationControlProperty>(1), partitionFileSystem.GetNpdm(), true);
+            }
+
+            if (processResult.ProcessId != 0 && _processesByPid.TryAdd(processResult.ProcessId, processResult))
+            {
+                if (processResult.Start(_device))
+                {
+                    _latestPid = processResult.ProcessId;
+
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!success)
+            {
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, errorMessage, nameof(PartitionFileSystemExtensions.TryLoad));
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        public bool LoadNca(string path)
+        {
+            FileStream file = new(path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+            Nca        nca  = new(_device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.KeySet, file.AsStorage(false));
+
+            ProcessResult processResult = nca.Load(_device, null, null);
+
+            if (processResult.ProcessId != 0 && _processesByPid.TryAdd(processResult.ProcessId, processResult))
+            {
+                if (processResult.Start(_device))
+                {
+                    // NOTE: Check if process is SystemApplicationId or ApplicationId
+                    if (processResult.ProgramId > 0x01000000000007FF)
+                    {
+                        _latestPid = processResult.ProcessId;
+                    }
+
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        public bool LoadUnpackedNca(string exeFsDirPath, string romFsPath = null)
+        {
+            ProcessResult processResult = new LocalFileSystem(exeFsDirPath).Load(_device, romFsPath);
+
+            if (processResult.ProcessId != 0 && _processesByPid.TryAdd(processResult.ProcessId, processResult))
+            {
+                if (processResult.Start(_device))
+                {
+                    _latestPid = processResult.ProcessId;
+
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        public bool LoadNxo(string path)
+        {
+            var         nacpData    = new BlitStruct<ApplicationControlProperty>(1);
+            IFileSystem dummyExeFs  = null;
+            Stream      romfsStream = null;
+
+            string programName = "";
+            ulong  programId   = 0000000000000000;
+
+            // Load executable.
+            IExecutable executable;
+
+            if (Path.GetExtension(path).ToLower() == ".nro")
+            {
+                FileStream    input = new(path, FileMode.Open);
+                NroExecutable nro   = new(input.AsStorage());
+
+                executable = nro;
+
+                // Open RomFS if exists.
+                IStorage romFsStorage = nro.OpenNroAssetSection(LibHac.Tools.Ro.NroAssetType.RomFs, false);
+                romFsStorage.GetSize(out long romFsSize).ThrowIfFailure();
+                if (romFsSize != 0)
+                {
+                    romfsStream = romFsStorage.AsStream();
+                }
+
+                // Load Nacp if exists.
+                IStorage nacpStorage = nro.OpenNroAssetSection(LibHac.Tools.Ro.NroAssetType.Nacp, false);
+                nacpStorage.GetSize(out long nacpSize).ThrowIfFailure();
+                if (nacpSize != 0)
+                {
+                    nacpStorage.Read(0, nacpData.ByteSpan);
+
+                    programName = nacpData.Value.Title[(int)_device.System.State.DesiredTitleLanguage].NameString.ToString();
+
+                    if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(programName))
+                    {
+                        programName = nacpData.Value.Title.ItemsRo.ToArray().FirstOrDefault(x => x.Name[0] != 0).NameString.ToString();
+                    }
+
+                    if (nacpData.Value.PresenceGroupId != 0)
+                    {
+                        programId = nacpData.Value.PresenceGroupId;
+                    }
+                    else if (nacpData.Value.SaveDataOwnerId != 0)
+                    {
+                        programId = nacpData.Value.SaveDataOwnerId;
+                    }
+                    else if (nacpData.Value.AddOnContentBaseId != 0)
+                    {
+                        programId = nacpData.Value.AddOnContentBaseId - 0x1000;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // TODO: Add icon maybe ?
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                programName = System.IO.Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(path);
+
+                executable = new NsoExecutable(new LocalStorage(path, FileAccess.Read), programName);
+            }
+
+            // Explicitly null TitleId to disable the shader cache.
+            Graphics.Gpu.GraphicsConfig.TitleId = null;
+            _device.Gpu.HostInitalized.Set();
+
+            ProcessResult processResult = ProcessLoaderHelper.LoadNsos(_device,
+                                                                       _device.System.KernelContext,
+                                                                       dummyExeFs.GetNpdm(),
+                                                                       nacpData.Value,
+                                                                       diskCacheEnabled: false,
+                                                                       allowCodeMemoryForJit: true,
+                                                                       programName,
+                                                                       programId,
+                                                                       null,
+                                                                       executable);
+
+            // Make sure the process id is valid.
+            if (processResult.ProcessId != 0)
+            {
+                // Load RomFS.
+                if (romfsStream != null)
+                {
+                    _device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.SetRomFs(processResult.ProcessId, romfsStream);
+                }
+
+                // Start process.
+                if (_processesByPid.TryAdd(processResult.ProcessId, processResult))
+                {
+                    if (processResult.Start(_device))
+                    {
+                        _latestPid = processResult.ProcessId;
+
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/ProcessLoaderHelper.cs

@@ -1,69 +1,132 @@
+using LibHac.Account;
+using LibHac.Common;
+using LibHac.Fs;
+using LibHac.Fs.Shim;
+using LibHac.FsSystem;
 using LibHac.Loader;
 using LibHac.Ncm;
-using LibHac.Util;
+using LibHac.Ns;
+using LibHac.Tools.Fs;
+using LibHac.Tools.FsSystem;
+using LibHac.Tools.FsSystem.NcaUtils;
 using Ryujinx.Common;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
-using Ryujinx.Cpu;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Common;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Process;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Executables;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes.Extensions;
 using Ryujinx.Horizon.Common;
 using System;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
-using Npdm = LibHac.Loader.Npdm;
+using ApplicationId = LibHac.Ncm.ApplicationId;
 
-namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes
 {
-    struct ProgramInfo
+    static class ProcessLoaderHelper
     {
-        public string Name;
-        public ulong ProgramId;
-        public readonly string TitleIdText;
-        public readonly string DisplayVersion;
-        public readonly bool DiskCacheEnabled;
-        public readonly bool AllowCodeMemoryForJit;
-
-        public ProgramInfo(in Npdm npdm, string displayVersion, bool diskCacheEnabled, bool allowCodeMemoryForJit)
+        public static LibHac.Result RegisterProgramMapInfo(Switch device, PartitionFileSystem partitionFileSystem)
         {
-            ulong programId = npdm.Aci.ProgramId.Value;
+            ulong applicationId = 0;
+            int   programCount  = 0;
 
-            Name = StringUtils.Utf8ZToString(npdm.Meta.ProgramName);
-            ProgramId = programId;
-            TitleIdText = programId.ToString("x16");
-            DisplayVersion = displayVersion;
-            DiskCacheEnabled = diskCacheEnabled;
-            AllowCodeMemoryForJit = allowCodeMemoryForJit;
+            Span<bool> hasIndex = stackalloc bool[0x10];
+
+            foreach (DirectoryEntryEx fileEntry in partitionFileSystem.EnumerateEntries("/", "*.nca"))
+            {
+                Nca nca = partitionFileSystem.GetNca(device, fileEntry.FullPath);
+
+                if (!nca.IsProgram() && nca.IsPatch())
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                ulong currentProgramId     = nca.Header.TitleId;
+                ulong currentMainProgramId = currentProgramId & ~0xFFFul;
+
+                if (applicationId == 0 && currentMainProgramId != 0)
+                {
+                    applicationId = currentMainProgramId;
+                }
+
+                if (applicationId != currentMainProgramId)
+                {
+                    // Currently there aren't any known multi-application game cards containing multi-program applications,
+                    // so because multi-application game cards are the only way we could run into multiple applications
+                    // we'll just return that there's a single program.
+                    programCount = 1;
+
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                hasIndex[(int)(currentProgramId & 0xF)] = true;
+            }
+
+            if (programCount == 0)
+            {
+                for (int i = 0; i < hasIndex.Length && hasIndex[i]; i++)
+                {
+                    programCount++;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (programCount <= 0)
+            {
+                return LibHac.Result.Success;
+            }
+
+            Span<ProgramIndexMapInfo> mapInfo = stackalloc ProgramIndexMapInfo[0x10];
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < programCount; i++)
+            {
+                mapInfo[i].ProgramId     = new ProgramId(applicationId + (uint)i);
+                mapInfo[i].MainProgramId = new ApplicationId(applicationId);
+                mapInfo[i].ProgramIndex  = (byte)i;
+            }
+
+            return device.System.LibHacHorizonManager.NsClient.Fs.RegisterProgramIndexMapInfo(mapInfo[..programCount]);
         }
-    }
 
-    struct ProgramLoadResult
-    {
-        public static ProgramLoadResult Failed => new ProgramLoadResult(false, null, null, 0);
-
-        public readonly bool Success;
-        public readonly ProcessTamperInfo TamperInfo;
-        public readonly IDiskCacheLoadState DiskCacheLoadState;
-        public readonly ulong ProcessId;
-
-        public ProgramLoadResult(bool success, ProcessTamperInfo tamperInfo, IDiskCacheLoadState diskCacheLoadState, ulong pid)
+        public static LibHac.Result EnsureSaveData(Switch device, ApplicationId applicationId, BlitStruct<ApplicationControlProperty> applicationControlProperty)
         {
-            Success = success;
-            TamperInfo = tamperInfo;
-            DiskCacheLoadState = diskCacheLoadState;
-            ProcessId = pid;
+            Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Application, "Ensuring required savedata exists.");
+
+            ref ApplicationControlProperty control = ref applicationControlProperty.Value;
+
+            if (LibHac.Common.Utilities.IsZeros(applicationControlProperty.ByteSpan))
+            {
+                // If the current application doesn't have a loaded control property, create a dummy one and set the savedata sizes so a user savedata will be created.
+                control = ref new BlitStruct<ApplicationControlProperty>(1).Value;
+
+                // The set sizes don't actually matter as long as they're non-zero because we use directory savedata.
+                control.UserAccountSaveDataSize        = 0x4000;
+                control.UserAccountSaveDataJournalSize = 0x4000;
+                control.SaveDataOwnerId                = applicationId.Value;
+
+                Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Application, "No control file was found for this game. Using a dummy one instead. This may cause inaccuracies in some games.");
+            }
+
+            LibHac.Result resultCode = device.System.LibHacHorizonManager.RyujinxClient.Fs.EnsureApplicationCacheStorage(out _, out _, applicationId, in control);
+            if (resultCode.IsFailure())
+            {
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Error calling EnsureApplicationCacheStorage. Result code {resultCode.ToStringWithName()}");
+
+                return resultCode;
+            }
+
+            Uid userId = device.System.AccountManager.LastOpenedUser.UserId.ToLibHacUid();
+
+            resultCode = device.System.LibHacHorizonManager.RyujinxClient.Fs.EnsureApplicationSaveData(out _, applicationId, in control, in userId);
+            if (resultCode.IsFailure())
+            {
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Error calling EnsureApplicationSaveData. Result code {resultCode.ToStringWithName()}");
+            }
+
+            return resultCode;
         }
-    }
-
-    static class ProgramLoader
-    {
-        private const bool AslrEnabled = true;
-
-        private const int ArgsHeaderSize = 8;
-        private const int ArgsDataSize   = 0x9000;
-        private const int ArgsTotalSize  = ArgsHeaderSize + ArgsDataSize;
 
         public static bool LoadKip(KernelContext context, KipExecutable kip)
         {
@@ -74,17 +137,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
                 endOffset = kip.BssOffset + kip.BssSize;
             }
 
-            uint codeSize = BitUtils.AlignUp<uint>(kip.TextOffset + endOffset, KPageTableBase.PageSize);
-
-            int codePagesCount = (int)(codeSize / KPageTableBase.PageSize);
-
+            uint  codeSize        = BitUtils.AlignUp<uint>(kip.TextOffset + endOffset, KPageTableBase.PageSize);
+            int   codePagesCount  = (int)(codeSize / KPageTableBase.PageSize);
             ulong codeBaseAddress = kip.Is64BitAddressSpace ? 0x8000000UL : 0x200000UL;
-
-            ulong codeAddress = codeBaseAddress + kip.TextOffset;
+            ulong codeAddress     = codeBaseAddress + kip.TextOffset;
 
             ProcessCreationFlags flags = 0;
 
-            if (AslrEnabled)
+            if (ProcessConst.AslrEnabled)
             {
                 // TODO: Randomization.
 
@@ -101,24 +161,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
                 flags |= ProcessCreationFlags.Is64Bit;
             }
 
-            ProcessCreationInfo creationInfo = new ProcessCreationInfo(
-                kip.Name,
-                kip.Version,
-                kip.ProgramId,
-                codeAddress,
-                codePagesCount,
-                flags,
-                0,
-                0);
-
-            MemoryRegion memoryRegion = kip.UsesSecureMemory
-                ? MemoryRegion.Service
-                : MemoryRegion.Application;
-
-            KMemoryRegionManager region = context.MemoryManager.MemoryRegions[(int)memoryRegion];
+            ProcessCreationInfo  creationInfo = new(kip.Name, kip.Version, kip.ProgramId, codeAddress, codePagesCount, flags, 0, 0);
+            MemoryRegion         memoryRegion = kip.UsesSecureMemory ? MemoryRegion.Service : MemoryRegion.Application;
+            KMemoryRegionManager region       = context.MemoryManager.MemoryRegions[(int)memoryRegion];
 
             Result result = region.AllocatePages(out KPageList pageList, (ulong)codePagesCount);
-
             if (result != Result.Success)
             {
                 Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Process initialization returned error \"{result}\".");
@@ -126,7 +173,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
                 return false;
             }
 
-            KProcess process = new KProcess(context);
+            KProcess process = new(context);
 
             var processContextFactory = new ArmProcessContextFactory(
                 context.Device.System.TickSource,
@@ -137,14 +184,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
                 codeAddress,
                 codeSize);
 
-            result = process.InitializeKip(
-                creationInfo,
-                kip.Capabilities,
-                pageList,
-                context.ResourceLimit,
-                memoryRegion,
-                processContextFactory);
-
+            result = process.InitializeKip(creationInfo, kip.Capabilities, pageList, context.ResourceLimit, memoryRegion, processContextFactory);
             if (result != Result.Success)
             {
                 Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Process initialization returned error \"{result}\".");
@@ -153,7 +193,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
             }
 
             result = LoadIntoMemory(process, kip, codeBaseAddress);
-
             if (result != Result.Success)
             {
                 Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Process initialization returned error \"{result}\".");
@@ -164,7 +203,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
             process.DefaultCpuCore = kip.IdealCoreId;
 
             result = process.Start(kip.Priority, (ulong)kip.StackSize);
-
             if (result != Result.Success)
             {
                 Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Process start returned error \"{result}\".");
@@ -177,20 +215,27 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
             return true;
         }
 
-        public static ProgramLoadResult LoadNsos(
+        public static ProcessResult LoadNsos(
+            Switch device,
             KernelContext context,
-            MetaLoader metaData,
-            ProgramInfo programInfo,
+            MetaLoader metaLoader,
+            ApplicationControlProperty applicationControlProperties,
+            bool diskCacheEnabled,
+            bool allowCodeMemoryForJit,
+            string name,
+            ulong programId,
             byte[] arguments = null,
             params IExecutable[] executables)
         {
             context.Device.System.ServiceTable.WaitServicesReady();
 
-            LibHac.Result rc = metaData.GetNpdm(out var npdm);
+            LibHac.Result resultCode = metaLoader.GetNpdm(out var npdm);
 
-            if (rc.IsFailure())
+            if (resultCode.IsFailure())
             {
-                return ProgramLoadResult.Failed;
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Process initialization failed getting npdm. Result Code {resultCode.ToStringWithName()}");
+
+                return ProcessResult.Failed;
             }
 
             ref readonly var meta = ref npdm.Meta;
@@ -202,10 +247,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
 
             var buildIds = executables.Select(e => (e switch
             {
-                NsoExecutable nso => BitConverter.ToString(nso.BuildId.ItemsRo.ToArray()),
-                NroExecutable nro => BitConverter.ToString(nro.Header.BuildId),
+                NsoExecutable nso => Convert.ToHexString(nso.BuildId.ItemsRo.ToArray()),
+                NroExecutable nro => Convert.ToHexString(nro.Header.BuildId),
                 _ => ""
-            }).Replace("-", "").ToUpper());
+            }).ToUpper());
 
             ulong[] nsoBase = new ulong[executables.Length];
 
@@ -214,7 +259,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
                 IExecutable nso = executables[index];
 
                 uint textEnd = nso.TextOffset + (uint)nso.Text.Length;
-                uint roEnd   = nso.RoOffset   + (uint)nso.Ro.Length;
+                uint roEnd   = nso.RoOffset + (uint)nso.Ro.Length;
                 uint dataEnd = nso.DataOffset + (uint)nso.Data.Length + nso.BssSize;
 
                 uint nsoSize = textEnd;
@@ -239,31 +284,30 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
                 {
                     argsStart = codeSize;
 
-                    argsSize = (uint)BitUtils.AlignDown(arguments.Length * 2 + ArgsTotalSize - 1, KPageTableBase.PageSize);
+                    argsSize = (uint)BitUtils.AlignDown(arguments.Length * 2 + ProcessConst.NsoArgsTotalSize - 1, KPageTableBase.PageSize);
 
                     codeSize += argsSize;
                 }
             }
 
-            int codePagesCount = (int)(codeSize / KPageTableBase.PageSize);
-
+            int codePagesCount           = (int)(codeSize / KPageTableBase.PageSize);
             int personalMmHeapPagesCount = (int)(meta.SystemResourceSize / KPageTableBase.PageSize);
 
-            ProcessCreationInfo creationInfo = new ProcessCreationInfo(
-                programInfo.Name,
+            ProcessCreationInfo creationInfo = new(
+                name,
                 (int)meta.Version,
-                programInfo.ProgramId,
+                programId,
                 codeStart,
                 codePagesCount,
                 (ProcessCreationFlags)meta.Flags | ProcessCreationFlags.IsApplication,
                 0,
                 personalMmHeapPagesCount);
 
-            context.Device.System.LibHacHorizonManager.InitializeApplicationClient(new ProgramId(programInfo.ProgramId), in npdm);
+            context.Device.System.LibHacHorizonManager.InitializeApplicationClient(new ProgramId(programId), in npdm);
 
             Result result;
 
-            KResourceLimit resourceLimit = new KResourceLimit(context);
+            KResourceLimit resourceLimit = new(context);
 
             long applicationRgSize = (long)context.MemoryManager.MemoryRegions[(int)MemoryRegion.Application].Size;
 
@@ -293,26 +337,26 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
             {
                 Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Process initialization failed setting resource limit values.");
 
-                return ProgramLoadResult.Failed;
+                return ProcessResult.Failed;
             }
 
-            KProcess process = new KProcess(context, programInfo.AllowCodeMemoryForJit);
-
-            MemoryRegion memoryRegion = (MemoryRegion)((npdm.Acid.Flags >> 2) & 0xf);
+            KProcess process = new(context, allowCodeMemoryForJit);
 
+            // NOTE: This field doesn't exists one firmware pre-5.0.0, a workaround have to be found.
+            MemoryRegion memoryRegion = (MemoryRegion)(npdm.Acid.Flags >> 2 & 0xf);
             if (memoryRegion > MemoryRegion.NvServices)
             {
                 Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Process initialization failed due to invalid ACID flags.");
 
-                return ProgramLoadResult.Failed;
+                return ProcessResult.Failed;
             }
 
             var processContextFactory = new ArmProcessContextFactory(
                 context.Device.System.TickSource,
                 context.Device.Gpu,
-                programInfo.TitleIdText,
-                programInfo.DisplayVersion,
-                programInfo.DiskCacheEnabled,
+                $"{programId:x16}",
+                applicationControlProperties.DisplayVersionString.ToString(),
+                diskCacheEnabled,
                 codeStart,
                 codeSize);
 
@@ -327,7 +371,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
             {
                 Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Process initialization returned error \"{result}\".");
 
-                return ProgramLoadResult.Failed;
+                return ProcessResult.Failed;
             }
 
             for (int index = 0; index < executables.Length; index++)
@@ -335,32 +379,22 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
                 Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Loading image {index} at 0x{nsoBase[index]:x16}...");
 
                 result = LoadIntoMemory(process, executables[index], nsoBase[index]);
-
                 if (result != Result.Success)
                 {
                     Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Process initialization returned error \"{result}\".");
 
-                    return ProgramLoadResult.Failed;
+                    return ProcessResult.Failed;
                 }
             }
 
             process.DefaultCpuCore = meta.DefaultCpuId;
 
-            result = process.Start(meta.MainThreadPriority, meta.MainThreadStackSize);
-
-            if (result != Result.Success)
-            {
-                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Process start returned error \"{result}\".");
-
-                return ProgramLoadResult.Failed;
-            }
-
             context.Processes.TryAdd(process.Pid, process);
 
             // Keep the build ids because the tamper machine uses them to know which process to associate a
             // tamper to and also keep the starting address of each executable inside a process because some
             // memory modifications are relative to this address.
-            ProcessTamperInfo tamperInfo = new ProcessTamperInfo(
+            ProcessTamperInfo tamperInfo = new(
                 process,
                 buildIds,
                 nsoBase,
@@ -368,10 +402,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
                 process.MemoryManager.AliasRegionStart,
                 process.MemoryManager.CodeRegionStart);
 
-            return new ProgramLoadResult(true, tamperInfo, processContextFactory.DiskCacheLoadState, process.Pid);
+            // Once everything is loaded, we can load cheats.
+            device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.LoadCheats(programId, tamperInfo, device.TamperMachine);
+
+            return new ProcessResult(metaLoader, applicationControlProperties, diskCacheEnabled, allowCodeMemoryForJit, processContextFactory.DiskCacheLoadState, process.Pid, meta.MainThreadPriority, meta.MainThreadStackSize);
         }
 
-        private static Result LoadIntoMemory(KProcess process, IExecutable image, ulong baseAddress)
+        public static Result LoadIntoMemory(KProcess process, IExecutable image, ulong baseAddress)
         {
             ulong textStart = baseAddress + image.TextOffset;
             ulong roStart   = baseAddress + image.RoOffset;
@@ -404,14 +441,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
             }
 
             Result result = SetProcessMemoryPermission(textStart, (ulong)image.Text.Length, KMemoryPermission.ReadAndExecute);
-
             if (result != Result.Success)
             {
                 return result;
             }
 
             result = SetProcessMemoryPermission(roStart, (ulong)image.Ro.Length, KMemoryPermission.Read);
-
             if (result != Result.Success)
             {
                 return result;

Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/ProcessResult.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+using LibHac.Loader;
+using LibHac.Ns;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes.Extensions;
+using Ryujinx.Horizon.Common;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes
+{
+    public struct ProcessResult
+    {
+        public static ProcessResult Failed => new(null, new ApplicationControlProperty(), false, false, null, 0, 0, 0);
+
+        private readonly byte _mainThreadPriority;
+        private readonly uint _mainThreadStackSize;
+
+        public readonly IDiskCacheLoadState DiskCacheLoadState;
+
+        public readonly MetaLoader                 MetaLoader;
+        public readonly ApplicationControlProperty ApplicationControlProperties;
+
+        public readonly ulong  ProcessId;
+        public string          Name;
+        public ulong           ProgramId;
+        public readonly string ProgramIdText;
+        public readonly bool   Is64Bit;
+        public readonly bool   DiskCacheEnabled;
+        public readonly bool   AllowCodeMemoryForJit;
+
+        public ProcessResult(
+            MetaLoader                 metaLoader,
+            ApplicationControlProperty applicationControlProperties,
+            bool                       diskCacheEnabled,
+            bool                       allowCodeMemoryForJit,
+            IDiskCacheLoadState        diskCacheLoadState,
+            ulong                      pid,
+            byte                       mainThreadPriority,
+            uint                       mainThreadStackSize)
+        {
+            _mainThreadPriority  = mainThreadPriority;
+            _mainThreadStackSize = mainThreadStackSize;
+
+            DiskCacheLoadState = diskCacheLoadState;
+            ProcessId          = pid;
+
+            MetaLoader                   = metaLoader;
+            ApplicationControlProperties = applicationControlProperties;
+
+            if (metaLoader is not null)
+            {
+                ulong programId = metaLoader.GetProgramId();
+
+                Name          = metaLoader.GetProgramName();
+                ProgramId     = programId;
+                ProgramIdText = $"{programId:x16}";
+                Is64Bit       = metaLoader.IsProgram64Bit();
+            }
+
+            DiskCacheEnabled      = diskCacheEnabled;
+            AllowCodeMemoryForJit = allowCodeMemoryForJit;
+        }
+
+        public bool Start(Switch device)
+        {
+            device.Configuration.ContentManager.LoadEntries(device);
+
+            Result result = device.System.KernelContext.Processes[ProcessId].Start(_mainThreadPriority, _mainThreadStackSize);
+            if (result != Result.Success)
+            {
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Process start returned error \"{result}\".");
+
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // TODO: LibHac npdm currently doesn't support version field.
+            string version;
+
+            if (ProgramId > 0x0100000000007FFF)
+            {
+                version = ApplicationControlProperties.DisplayVersionString.ToString();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                version = device.System.ContentManager.GetCurrentFirmwareVersion().VersionString;
+            }
+
+            Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Application Loaded: {Name} v{version} [{ProgramIdText}] [{(Is64Bit ? "64-bit" : "32-bit")}]");
+
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.HLE/Switch.cs

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ using Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Apm;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Hid;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.Ui;
 using Ryujinx.Memory;
 using System;
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE
         public GpuContext            Gpu               { get; }
         public VirtualFileSystem     FileSystem        { get; }
         public HOS.Horizon           System            { get; }
-        public ApplicationLoader     Application       { get; }
+        public ProcessLoader         Processes         { get; }
         public PerformanceStatistics Statistics        { get; }
         public Hid                   Hid               { get; }
         public TamperMachine         TamperMachine     { get; }
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE
             System            = new HOS.Horizon(this);
             Statistics        = new PerformanceStatistics();
             Hid               = new Hid(this, System.HidStorage);
-            Application       = new ApplicationLoader(this);
+            Processes         = new ProcessLoader(this);
             TamperMachine     = new TamperMachine();
 
             System.State.SetLanguage(Configuration.SystemLanguage);
@@ -64,29 +65,29 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE
             System.GlobalAccessLogMode              = Configuration.FsGlobalAccessLogMode;
         }
 
-        public void LoadCart(string exeFsDir, string romFsFile = null)
+        public bool LoadCart(string exeFsDir, string romFsFile = null)
         {
-            Application.LoadCart(exeFsDir, romFsFile);
+            return Processes.LoadUnpackedNca(exeFsDir, romFsFile);
         }
 
-        public void LoadXci(string xciFile)
+        public bool LoadXci(string xciFile)
         {
-            Application.LoadXci(xciFile);
+            return Processes.LoadXci(xciFile);
         }
 
-        public void LoadNca(string ncaFile)
+        public bool LoadNca(string ncaFile)
         {
-            Application.LoadNca(ncaFile);
+            return Processes.LoadNca(ncaFile);
         }
 
-        public void LoadNsp(string nspFile)
+        public bool LoadNsp(string nspFile)
         {
-            Application.LoadNsp(nspFile);
+            return Processes.LoadNsp(nspFile);
         }
 
-        public void LoadProgram(string fileName)
+        public bool LoadProgram(string fileName)
         {
-            Application.LoadProgram(fileName);
+            return Processes.LoadNxo(fileName);
         }
 
         public bool WaitFifo()
@@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE
 
         public void EnableCheats()
         {
-            FileSystem.ModLoader.EnableCheats(Application.TitleId, TamperMachine);
+            FileSystem.ModLoader.EnableCheats(Processes.ActiveApplication.ProgramId, TamperMachine);
         }
 
         public bool IsAudioMuted()
@@ -152,4 +153,4 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE
             }
         }
     }
-}
+}

Ryujinx.Headless.SDL2/Program.cs

@@ -56,6 +56,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Headless.SDL2
         private static bool _enableKeyboard;
         private static bool _enableMouse;
 
+        private static readonly InputConfigJsonSerializerContext SerializerContext = new(JsonHelper.GetDefaultSerializerOptions());
+
         static void Main(string[] args)
         {
             Version = ReleaseInformation.GetVersion();
@@ -285,10 +287,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Headless.SDL2
 
                 try
                 {
-                    using (Stream stream = File.OpenRead(path))
-                    {
-                        config = JsonHelper.Deserialize<InputConfig>(stream);
-                    }
+                    config = JsonHelper.DeserializeFromFile(path, SerializerContext.InputConfig);
                 }
                 catch (JsonException)
                 {
@@ -447,10 +446,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Headless.SDL2
 
         private static void SetupProgressHandler()
         {
-            if (_emulationContext.Application.DiskCacheLoadState != null)
+            if (_emulationContext.Processes.ActiveApplication.DiskCacheLoadState != null)
             {
-                _emulationContext.Application.DiskCacheLoadState.StateChanged -= ProgressHandler;
-                _emulationContext.Application.DiskCacheLoadState.StateChanged += ProgressHandler;
+                _emulationContext.Processes.ActiveApplication.DiskCacheLoadState.StateChanged -= ProgressHandler;
+                _emulationContext.Processes.ActiveApplication.DiskCacheLoadState.StateChanged += ProgressHandler;
             }
 
             _emulationContext.Gpu.ShaderCacheStateChanged -= ProgressHandler;
@@ -608,12 +607,24 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Headless.SDL2
                 if (romFsFiles.Length > 0)
                 {
                     Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Application, "Loading as cart with RomFS.");
-                    _emulationContext.LoadCart(path, romFsFiles[0]);
+
+                    if (!_emulationContext.LoadCart(path, romFsFiles[0]))
+                    {
+                        _emulationContext.Dispose();
+
+                        return false;
+                    }
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Application, "Loading as cart WITHOUT RomFS.");
-                    _emulationContext.LoadCart(path);
+
+                    if (!_emulationContext.LoadCart(path))
+                    {
+                        _emulationContext.Dispose();
+
+                        return false;
+                    }
                 }
             }
             else if (File.Exists(path))
@@ -622,27 +633,52 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Headless.SDL2
                 {
                     case ".xci":
                         Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Application, "Loading as XCI.");
-                        _emulationContext.LoadXci(path);
+
+                        if (!_emulationContext.LoadXci(path))
+                        {
+                            _emulationContext.Dispose();
+
+                            return false;
+                        }
                         break;
                     case ".nca":
                         Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Application, "Loading as NCA.");
-                        _emulationContext.LoadNca(path);
+
+                        if (!_emulationContext.LoadNca(path))
+                        {
+                            _emulationContext.Dispose();
+
+                            return false;
+                        }
                         break;
                     case ".nsp":
                     case ".pfs0":
                         Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Application, "Loading as NSP.");
-                        _emulationContext.LoadNsp(path);
+
+                        if (!_emulationContext.LoadNsp(path))
+                        {
+                            _emulationContext.Dispose();
+
+                            return false;
+                        }
                         break;
                     default:
                         Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Application, "Loading as Homebrew.");
                         try
                         {
-                            _emulationContext.LoadProgram(path);
+                            if (!_emulationContext.LoadProgram(path))
+                            {
+                                _emulationContext.Dispose();
+
+                                return false;
+                            }
                         }
                         catch (ArgumentOutOfRangeException)
                         {
                             Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Application, "The specified file is not supported by Ryujinx.");
 
+                            _emulationContext.Dispose();
+
                             return false;
                         }
                         break;
@@ -664,4 +700,4 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Headless.SDL2
             return true;
         }
     }
-}
+}