T32: Implement load/store single (immediate) (#3186)

* T32: Implement load/store single (immediate)

* tests

* tidy formatting

* address comments

.github/workflows/nightly_pr_comment.yml

@@ -36,15 +36,20 @@ jobs:
               return core.error(`No artifacts found`);
             }
             let body = `Download the artifacts for this pull request:\n`;
+            let hidden_headless_artifacts = `\n\n <details><summary>GUI-less (SDL2)</summary>\n`;
             let hidden_debug_artifacts = `\n\n <details><summary>Only for Developers</summary>\n`;
             for (const art of artifacts) {
-              if(art.name.includes('Debug')){
+              if(art.name.includes('Debug')) {
                 hidden_debug_artifacts += `\n* [${art.name}](https://nightly.link/${owner}/${repo}/actions/artifacts/${art.id}.zip)`;
-              }else{
+              } else if(art.name.includes('headless-sdl2')) {
+                hidden_headless_artifacts += `\n* [${art.name}](https://nightly.link/${owner}/${repo}/actions/artifacts/${art.id}.zip)`;
+              } else {
                 body += `\n* [${art.name}](https://nightly.link/${owner}/${repo}/actions/artifacts/${art.id}.zip)`;
               }
             }
+            hidden_headless_artifacts += `\n</details>`;
             hidden_debug_artifacts += `\n</details>`;
+            body += hidden_headless_artifacts;
             body += hidden_debug_artifacts;
 
             const {data: comments} = await github.issues.listComments({repo, owner, issue_number});

ARMeilleure/CodeGen/Optimizations/TailMerge.cs

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.CodeGen.Optimizations
             BasicBlock fromPred = from.Predecessors.Count == 1 ? from.Predecessors[0] : null;
 
             // If the block is empty, we can try to append to the predecessor and avoid unnecessary jumps.
-            if (from.Operations.Count == 0 && fromPred != null)
+            if (from.Operations.Count == 0 && fromPred != null && fromPred.SuccessorsCount == 1)
             {
                 for (int i = 0; i < fromPred.SuccessorsCount; i++)
                 {

ARMeilleure/Decoders/Decoder.cs

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
                             currBlock.Branch = GetBlock((ulong)op.Immediate);
                         }
 
-                        if (!IsUnconditionalBranch(lastOp) || isCall)
+                        if (isCall || !(IsUnconditionalBranch(lastOp) || IsTrap(lastOp)))
                         {
                             currBlock.Next = GetBlock(currBlock.EndAddress);
                         }
@@ -263,6 +263,11 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
             // so we must consider such operations as a branch in potential aswell.
             if (opCode is IOpCode32Alu opAlu && opAlu.Rd == RegisterAlias.Aarch32Pc)
             {
+                if (opCode is OpCodeT32)
+                {
+                    return opCode.Instruction.Name != InstName.Tst && opCode.Instruction.Name != InstName.Teq &&
+                           opCode.Instruction.Name != InstName.Cmp && opCode.Instruction.Name != InstName.Cmn;
+                }
                 return true;
             }
 
@@ -324,9 +329,13 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
         }
 
         private static bool IsException(OpCode opCode)
+        {
+            return IsTrap(opCode) || opCode.Instruction.Name == InstName.Svc;
+        }
+
+        private static bool IsTrap(OpCode opCode)
         {
             return opCode.Instruction.Name == InstName.Brk ||
-                   opCode.Instruction.Name == InstName.Svc ||
                    opCode.Instruction.Name == InstName.Trap ||
                    opCode.Instruction.Name == InstName.Und;
         }

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCode32.cs

@@ -13,11 +13,25 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
             Cond = (Condition)((uint)opCode >> 28);
         }
 
+        public bool IsThumb()
+        {
+            return this is OpCodeT16 || this is OpCodeT32;
+        }
+
         public uint GetPc()
         {
             // Due to backwards compatibility and legacy behavior of ARMv4 CPUs pipeline,
             // the PC actually points 2 instructions ahead.
-            return (uint)Address + (uint)OpCodeSizeInBytes * 2;
+            if (IsThumb())
+            {
+                // PC is ahead by 4 in thumb mode whether or not the current instruction
+                // is 16 or 32 bit.
+                return (uint)Address + 4u;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return (uint)Address + 8u;
+            }
         }
     }
 }

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeT16BImm11.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
 {
-    class OpCodeT16BImm11 : OpCode32, IOpCode32BImm
+    class OpCodeT16BImm11 : OpCodeT16, IOpCode32BImm
     {
         public long Immediate { get; }
 

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeT16BImm8.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
 {
-    class OpCodeT16BImm8 : OpCode32, IOpCode32BImm
+    class OpCodeT16BImm8 : OpCodeT16, IOpCode32BImm
     {
         public long Immediate { get; }
 

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeT32.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
+{
+    class OpCodeT32 : OpCode32
+    {
+        public new static OpCode Create(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) => new OpCodeT32(inst, address, opCode);
+
+        public OpCodeT32(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) : base(inst, address, opCode)
+        {
+            Cond = Condition.Al;
+
+            OpCodeSizeInBytes = 4;
+        }
+    }
+}

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeT32Alu.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
+{
+    class OpCodeT32Alu : OpCodeT32, IOpCode32Alu
+    {
+        public int Rd { get; }
+        public int Rn { get; }
+
+        public bool? SetFlags { get; }
+
+        public new static OpCode Create(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) => new OpCodeT32Alu(inst, address, opCode);
+
+        public OpCodeT32Alu(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) : base(inst, address, opCode)
+        {
+            Rd = (opCode >> 8) & 0xf;
+            Rn = (opCode >> 16) & 0xf;
+
+            SetFlags = ((opCode >> 20) & 1) != 0;
+        }
+    }
+}

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeT32AluImm.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+using ARMeilleure.Common;
+using System.Runtime.Intrinsics;
+
+namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
+{
+    class OpCodeT32AluImm : OpCodeT32Alu, IOpCode32AluImm
+    {
+        public int Immediate { get; }
+
+        public bool IsRotated { get; }
+
+        public new static OpCode Create(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) => new OpCodeT32AluImm(inst, address, opCode);
+
+        private static readonly Vector128<int> _factor = Vector128.Create(1, 0x00010001, 0x01000100, 0x01010101);
+
+        public OpCodeT32AluImm(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) : base(inst, address, opCode)
+        {
+            int imm8 = (opCode >> 0) & 0xff;
+            int imm3 = (opCode >> 12) & 7;
+            int imm1 = (opCode >> 26) & 1;
+
+            int imm12 = imm8 | (imm3 << 8) | (imm1 << 11);
+
+            if ((imm12 >> 10) == 0)
+            {
+                Immediate = imm8 * _factor.GetElement((imm12 >> 8) & 3);
+                IsRotated = false;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                int shift = imm12 >> 7;
+
+                Immediate = BitUtils.RotateRight(0x80 | (imm12 & 0x7f), shift, 32);
+                IsRotated = shift != 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeT32AluRsImm.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
+{
+    class OpCodeT32AluRsImm : OpCodeT32Alu, IOpCode32AluRsImm
+    {
+        public int Rm        { get; }
+        public int Immediate { get; }
+
+        public ShiftType ShiftType { get; }
+
+        public new static OpCode Create(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) => new OpCodeT32AluRsImm(inst, address, opCode);
+
+        public OpCodeT32AluRsImm(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) : base(inst, address, opCode)
+        {
+            Rm        = (opCode >> 0) & 0xf;
+            Immediate = ((opCode >> 6) & 3) | ((opCode >> 10) & 0x1c);
+
+            ShiftType = (ShiftType)((opCode >> 4) & 3);
+        }
+    }
+}

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeT32BImm20.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+using ARMeilleure.Instructions;
+
+namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
+{
+    class OpCodeT32BImm20 : OpCodeT32, IOpCode32BImm
+    {
+        public long Immediate { get; }
+
+        public new static OpCode Create(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) => new OpCodeT32BImm20(inst, address, opCode);
+
+        public OpCodeT32BImm20(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) : base(inst, address, opCode)
+        {
+            uint pc = GetPc();
+
+            int imm11 = (opCode >> 0) & 0x7ff;
+            int j2 = (opCode >> 11) & 1;
+            int j1 = (opCode >> 13) & 1;
+            int imm6 = (opCode >> 16) & 0x3f;
+            int s = (opCode >> 26) & 1;
+
+            int imm32 = imm11 | (imm6 << 11) | (j1 << 17) | (j2 << 18) | (s << 19);
+            imm32 = (imm32 << 13) >> 12;
+
+            Immediate = pc + imm32;
+
+            Cond = (Condition)((opCode >> 22) & 0xf);
+        }
+    }
+}

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeT32BImm24.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+using ARMeilleure.Instructions;
+
+namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
+{
+    class OpCodeT32BImm24 : OpCodeT32, IOpCode32BImm
+    {
+        public long Immediate { get; }
+
+        public new static OpCode Create(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) => new OpCodeT32BImm24(inst, address, opCode);
+
+        public OpCodeT32BImm24(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) : base(inst, address, opCode)
+        {
+            uint pc = GetPc();
+
+            if (inst.Name == InstName.Blx)
+            {
+                pc &= ~3u;
+            }
+
+            int imm11 = (opCode >> 0) & 0x7ff;
+            int j2 = (opCode >> 11) & 1;
+            int j1 = (opCode >> 13) & 1;
+            int imm10 = (opCode >> 16) & 0x3ff;
+            int s = (opCode >> 26) & 1;
+
+            int i1 = j1 ^ s ^ 1;
+            int i2 = j2 ^ s ^ 1;
+
+            int imm32 = imm11 | (imm10 << 11) | (i2 << 21) | (i1 << 22) | (s << 23);
+            imm32 = (imm32 << 9) >> 8;
+
+            Immediate = pc + imm32;
+        }
+    }
+}

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeT32MemImm12.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
+{
+    class OpCodeT32MemImm12 : OpCodeT32, IOpCode32Mem
+    {
+        public int Rt { get; }
+        public int Rn { get; }
+        public bool WBack => false;
+        public bool IsLoad { get; }
+        public bool Index => true;
+        public bool Add => true;
+        public int Immediate { get; }
+
+        public new static OpCode Create(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) => new OpCodeT32MemImm12(inst, address, opCode);
+
+        public OpCodeT32MemImm12(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) : base(inst, address, opCode)
+        {
+            Rt = (opCode >> 12) & 0xf;
+            Rn = (opCode >> 16) & 0xf;
+
+            Immediate = opCode & 0xfff;
+
+            IsLoad = ((opCode >> 20) & 1) != 0;
+        }
+    }
+}

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeT32MemImm8.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
+{
+    class OpCodeT32MemImm8 : OpCodeT32, IOpCode32Mem
+    {
+        public int Rt { get; }
+        public int Rn { get; }
+        public bool WBack { get; }
+        public bool IsLoad { get; }
+        public bool Index { get; }
+        public bool Add { get; }
+        public int Immediate { get; }
+
+        public new static OpCode Create(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) => new OpCodeT32MemImm8(inst, address, opCode);
+
+        public OpCodeT32MemImm8(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) : base(inst, address, opCode)
+        {
+            Rt = (opCode >> 12) & 0xf;
+            Rn = (opCode >> 16) & 0xf;
+
+            Index = ((opCode >> 10) & 1) != 0;
+            Add   = ((opCode >> 9) & 1) != 0;
+            WBack = ((opCode >> 8) & 1) != 0;
+
+            Immediate = opCode & 0xff;
+
+            IsLoad = ((opCode >> 20) & 1) != 0;
+        }
+    }
+}

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeTable.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using ARMeilleure.Instructions;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Numerics;
 
 namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
 {
@@ -972,8 +973,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
             SetA32("111100111x11<<10xxxx00011xx0xxxx", InstName.Vzip,     InstEmit32.Vzip,     OpCode32SimdCmpZ.Create);
 #endregion
 
-#region "OpCode Table (AArch32, T16/T32)"
+#region "OpCode Table (AArch32, T16)"
-            // T16
             SetT16("000<<xxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Mov,    InstEmit32.Mov,     OpCodeT16ShiftImm.Create);
             SetT16("0001100xxxxxxxxx", InstName.Add,    InstEmit32.Add,     OpCodeT16AddSubReg.Create);
             SetT16("0001101xxxxxxxxx", InstName.Sub,    InstEmit32.Sub,     OpCodeT16AddSubReg.Create);
@@ -1045,6 +1045,72 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
             SetT16("11100xxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.B,      InstEmit32.B,       OpCodeT16BImm11.Create);
 #endregion
 
+#region "OpCode Table (AArch32, T32)"
+            // Base
+            SetT32("11101011010xxxxx0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Adc,      InstEmit32.Adc,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x01010xxxxx0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Adc,      InstEmit32.Adc,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11101011000<xxxx0xxx<<<<xxxxxxxx", InstName.Add,      InstEmit32.Add,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x01000<xxxx0xxx<<<<xxxxxxxx", InstName.Add,      InstEmit32.Add,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11101010000<xxxx0xxx<<<<xxxxxxxx", InstName.And,      InstEmit32.And,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x00000<xxxx0xxx<<<<xxxxxxxx", InstName.And,      InstEmit32.And,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x<<<xxxxxxx10x0xxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.B,        InstEmit32.B,        OpCodeT32BImm20.Create);
+            SetT32("11110xxxxxxxxxxx10x1xxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.B,        InstEmit32.B,        OpCodeT32BImm24.Create);
+            SetT32("11101010001xxxxx0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Bic,      InstEmit32.Bic,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x00001xxxxx0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Bic,      InstEmit32.Bic,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110xxxxxxxxxxx11x1xxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Bl,       InstEmit32.Bl,       OpCodeT32BImm24.Create);
+            SetT32("11110xxxxxxxxxxx11x0xxxxxxxxxxx0", InstName.Blx,      InstEmit32.Blx,      OpCodeT32BImm24.Create);
+            SetT32("111010110001xxxx0xxx1111xxxxxxxx", InstName.Cmn,      InstEmit32.Cmn,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x010001xxxx0xxx1111xxxxxxxx", InstName.Cmn,      InstEmit32.Cmn,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("111010111011xxxx0xxx1111xxxxxxxx", InstName.Cmp,      InstEmit32.Cmp,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x011011xxxx0xxx1111xxxxxxxx", InstName.Cmp,      InstEmit32.Cmp,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11101010100<xxxx0xxx<<<<xxxxxxxx", InstName.Eor,      InstEmit32.Eor,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x00100<xxxx0xxx<<<<xxxxxxxx", InstName.Eor,      InstEmit32.Eor,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("111110000101xxxx<<<<10x1xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldr,      InstEmit32.Ldr,      OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110000101xxxx<<<<1100xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldr,      InstEmit32.Ldr,      OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110000101xxxx<<<<11x1xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldr,      InstEmit32.Ldr,      OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110001101xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldr,      InstEmit32.Ldr,      OpCodeT32MemImm12.Create);
+            SetT32("111110000001xxxx<<<<10x1xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrb,     InstEmit32.Ldrb,     OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110000001xxxx<<<<1100xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrb,     InstEmit32.Ldrb,     OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110000001xxxx<<<<11x1xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrb,     InstEmit32.Ldrb,     OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110001001xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrb,     InstEmit32.Ldrb,     OpCodeT32MemImm12.Create);
+            SetT32("111110000011xxxx<<<<10x1xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrh,     InstEmit32.Ldrh,     OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110000011xxxx<<<<1100xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrh,     InstEmit32.Ldrh,     OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110000011xxxx<<<<11x1xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrh,     InstEmit32.Ldrh,     OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110001011xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrh,     InstEmit32.Ldrh,     OpCodeT32MemImm12.Create);
+            SetT32("111110010001xxxx<<<<10x1xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrsb,    InstEmit32.Ldrsb,    OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110010001xxxx<<<<1100xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrsb,    InstEmit32.Ldrsb,    OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110010001xxxx<<<<11x1xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrsb,    InstEmit32.Ldrsb,    OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110011001xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrsb,    InstEmit32.Ldrsb,    OpCodeT32MemImm12.Create);
+            SetT32("111110010011xxxx<<<<10x1xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrsh,    InstEmit32.Ldrsh,    OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110010011xxxx<<<<1100xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrsh,    InstEmit32.Ldrsh,    OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110010011xxxx<<<<11x1xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrsh,    InstEmit32.Ldrsh,    OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110011011xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrsh,    InstEmit32.Ldrsh,    OpCodeT32MemImm12.Create);
+            SetT32("11101010010x11110xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Mov,      InstEmit32.Mov,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x00010x11110xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Mov,      InstEmit32.Mov,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11101010011x11110xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Mvn,      InstEmit32.Mvn,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x00011x11110xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Mvn,      InstEmit32.Mvn,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11101010011x<<<<0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Orn,      InstEmit32.Orn,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x00011x<<<<0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Orn,      InstEmit32.Orn,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11101010010x<<<<0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Orr,      InstEmit32.Orr,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x00010x<<<<0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Orr,      InstEmit32.Orr,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11101011110xxxxx0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Rsb,      InstEmit32.Rsb,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x01110xxxxx0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Rsb,      InstEmit32.Rsb,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11101011011xxxxx0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Sbc,      InstEmit32.Sbc,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x01011xxxxx0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Sbc,      InstEmit32.Sbc,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("111110000100xxxxxxxx1<<>xxxxxxxx", InstName.Str,      InstEmit32.Str,      OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110001100xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Str,      InstEmit32.Str,      OpCodeT32MemImm12.Create);
+            SetT32("111110000000xxxxxxxx1<<>xxxxxxxx", InstName.Strb,     InstEmit32.Strb,     OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110001000xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Strb,     InstEmit32.Strb,     OpCodeT32MemImm12.Create);
+            SetT32("111110000010xxxxxxxx1<<>xxxxxxxx", InstName.Strh,     InstEmit32.Strh,     OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
+            SetT32("111110001010xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Strh,     InstEmit32.Strh,     OpCodeT32MemImm12.Create);
+            SetT32("11101011101<xxxx0xxx<<<<xxxxxxxx", InstName.Sub,      InstEmit32.Sub,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x01101<xxxx0xxx<<<<xxxxxxxx", InstName.Sub,      InstEmit32.Sub,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("111010101001xxxx0xxx1111xxxxxxxx", InstName.Teq,      InstEmit32.Teq,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x001001xxxx0xxx1111xxxxxxxx", InstName.Teq,      InstEmit32.Teq,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("111010100001xxxx0xxx1111xxxxxxxx", InstName.Tst,      InstEmit32.Tst,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x000001xxxx0xxx1111xxxxxxxx", InstName.Tst,      InstEmit32.Tst,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+#endregion
+
             FillFastLookupTable(InstA32FastLookup, AllInstA32, ToFastLookupIndexA);
             FillFastLookupTable(InstT32FastLookup, AllInstT32, ToFastLookupIndexT);
             FillFastLookupTable(InstA64FastLookup, AllInstA64, ToFastLookupIndexA);
@@ -1092,8 +1158,11 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
 
         private static void SetT32(string encoding, InstName name, InstEmitter emitter, MakeOp makeOp)
         {
-            encoding = encoding.Substring(16) + encoding.Substring(0, 16);
+            string reversedEncoding = encoding.Substring(16) + encoding.Substring(0, 16);
-            Set(encoding, AllInstT32, new InstDescriptor(name, emitter), makeOp);
+            MakeOp reversedMakeOp =
+                (InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode)
+                    => makeOp(inst, address, (int)BitOperations.RotateRight((uint)opCode, 16));
+            Set(reversedEncoding, AllInstT32, new InstDescriptor(name, emitter), reversedMakeOp);
         }
 
         private static void SetA64(string encoding, InstName name, InstEmitter emitter, MakeOp makeOp)

ARMeilleure/Instructions/InstEmitAlu32.cs

@@ -244,6 +244,23 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
             EmitAluStore(context, res);
         }
 
+        public static void Orn(ArmEmitterContext context)
+        {
+            IOpCode32Alu op = (IOpCode32Alu)context.CurrOp;
+
+            Operand n = GetAluN(context);
+            Operand m = GetAluM(context);
+
+            Operand res = context.BitwiseOr(n, context.BitwiseNot(m));
+
+            if (ShouldSetFlags(context))
+            {
+                EmitNZFlagsCheck(context, res);
+            }
+
+            EmitAluStore(context, res);
+        }
+
         public static void Pkh(ArmEmitterContext context)
         {
             OpCode32AluRsImm op = (OpCode32AluRsImm)context.CurrOp;

ARMeilleure/Instructions/InstEmitAluHelper.cs

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
         {
             Debug.Assert(value.Type == OperandType.I32);
 
-            if (IsThumb(context.CurrOp))
+            if (((OpCode32)context.CurrOp).IsThumb())
             {
                 bool isReturn = IsA32Return(context);
                 if (!isReturn)
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
                 // ARM32.
                 case IOpCode32AluImm op:
                 {
-                    if (ShouldSetFlags(context) && op.IsRotated)
+                    if (ShouldSetFlags(context) && op.IsRotated && setCarry)
                     {
                         SetFlag(context, PState.CFlag, Const((uint)op.Immediate >> 31));
                     }

ARMeilleure/Instructions/InstEmitException.cs

@@ -9,18 +9,25 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
     {
         public static void Brk(ArmEmitterContext context)
         {
-            EmitExceptionCall(context, nameof(NativeInterface.Break));
+            OpCodeException op = (OpCodeException)context.CurrOp;
+
+            string name = nameof(NativeInterface.Break);
+
+            context.StoreToContext();
+
+            context.Call(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(name), Const(op.Address), Const(op.Id));
+
+            context.LoadFromContext();
+
+            context.Return(Const(op.Address));
         }
 
         public static void Svc(ArmEmitterContext context)
-        {
-            EmitExceptionCall(context, nameof(NativeInterface.SupervisorCall));
-        }
-
-        private static void EmitExceptionCall(ArmEmitterContext context, string name)
         {
             OpCodeException op = (OpCodeException)context.CurrOp;
 
+            string name = nameof(NativeInterface.SupervisorCall);
+
             context.StoreToContext();
 
             context.Call(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(name), Const(op.Address), Const(op.Id));
@@ -41,6 +48,8 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
             context.Call(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(name), Const(op.Address), Const(op.RawOpCode));
 
             context.LoadFromContext();
+
+            context.Return(Const(op.Address));
         }
     }
 }

ARMeilleure/Instructions/InstEmitException32.cs

@@ -9,19 +9,11 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
     static partial class InstEmit32
     {
         public static void Svc(ArmEmitterContext context)
-        {
-            EmitExceptionCall(context, nameof(NativeInterface.SupervisorCall));
-        }
-
-        public static void Trap(ArmEmitterContext context)
-        {
-            EmitExceptionCall(context, nameof(NativeInterface.Break));
-        }
-
-        private static void EmitExceptionCall(ArmEmitterContext context, string name)
         {
             IOpCode32Exception op = (IOpCode32Exception)context.CurrOp;
 
+            string name = nameof(NativeInterface.SupervisorCall);
+
             context.StoreToContext();
 
             context.Call(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(name), Const(((IOpCode)op).Address), Const(op.Id));
@@ -30,5 +22,20 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
 
             Translator.EmitSynchronization(context);
         }
+
+        public static void Trap(ArmEmitterContext context)
+        {
+            IOpCode32Exception op = (IOpCode32Exception)context.CurrOp;
+
+            string name = nameof(NativeInterface.Break);
+
+            context.StoreToContext();
+
+            context.Call(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(name), Const(((IOpCode)op).Address), Const(op.Id));
+
+            context.LoadFromContext();
+
+            context.Return(Const(context.CurrOp.Address));
+        }
     }
 }

ARMeilleure/Instructions/InstEmitFlow32.cs

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
 
             uint pc = op.GetPc();
 
-            bool isThumb = IsThumb(context.CurrOp);
+            bool isThumb = ((OpCode32)context.CurrOp).IsThumb();
 
             uint currentPc = isThumb
                 ? pc | 1
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
             Operand addr = context.Copy(GetIntA32(context, op.Rm));
             Operand bitOne = context.BitwiseAnd(addr, Const(1));
 
-            bool isThumb = IsThumb(context.CurrOp);
+            bool isThumb = ((OpCode32)context.CurrOp).IsThumb();
 
             uint currentPc = isThumb
                 ? (pc - 2) | 1

ARMeilleure/Instructions/InstEmitHelper.cs

@@ -10,11 +10,6 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
 {
     static class InstEmitHelper
     {
-        public static bool IsThumb(OpCode op)
-        {
-            return op is OpCodeT16;
-        }
-
         public static Operand GetExtendedM(ArmEmitterContext context, int rm, IntType type)
         {
             Operand value = GetIntOrZR(context, rm);

ARMeilleure/Instructions/InstEmitMemoryEx.cs

@@ -130,11 +130,6 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
             bool ordered   = (accType & AccessType.Ordered)   != 0;
             bool exclusive = (accType & AccessType.Exclusive) != 0;
 
-            if (ordered)
-            {
-                EmitBarrier(context);
-            }
-
             Operand address = context.Copy(GetIntOrSP(context, op.Rn));
 
             Operand t = GetIntOrZR(context, op.Rt);
@@ -163,6 +158,11 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
             {
                 EmitStoreExclusive(context, address, t, exclusive, op.Size, op.Rs, a32: false);
             }
+
+            if (ordered)
+            {
+                EmitBarrier(context);
+            }
         }
 
         private static void EmitBarrier(ArmEmitterContext context)

ARMeilleure/Instructions/InstEmitMemoryEx32.cs

@@ -146,13 +146,13 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
             var exclusive = (accType & AccessType.Exclusive) != 0;
             var ordered = (accType & AccessType.Ordered) != 0;
 
-            if (ordered)
-            {
-                EmitBarrier(context);
-            }
-
             if ((accType & AccessType.Load) != 0)
             {
+                if (ordered)
+                {
+                    EmitBarrier(context);
+                }
+
                 if (size == DWordSizeLog2)
                 {
                     // Keep loads atomic - make the call to get the whole region and then decompose it into parts
@@ -219,6 +219,11 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
                     Operand value = context.ZeroExtend32(OperandType.I64, GetIntA32(context, op.Rt));
                     EmitStoreExclusive(context, address, value, exclusive, size, op.Rd, a32: true);
                 }
+
+                if (ordered)
+                {
+                    EmitBarrier(context);
+                }
             }
         }
 

ARMeilleure/Signal/NativeSignalHandler.cs

@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Signal
                 // Is the fault address within this tracked region?
                 Operand inRange = context.BitwiseAnd(
                     context.ICompare(faultAddress, rangeAddress, Comparison.GreaterOrEqualUI),
-                    context.ICompare(faultAddress, rangeEndAddress, Comparison.Less)
+                    context.ICompare(faultAddress, rangeEndAddress, Comparison.LessUI)
                     );
 
                 // Only call tracking if in range.

ARMeilleure/State/ExecutionContext.cs

@@ -43,6 +43,12 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.State
         public long TpidrEl0 { get; set; }
         public long Tpidr    { get; set; }
 
+        public uint Pstate
+        {
+            get => _nativeContext.GetPstate();
+            set => _nativeContext.SetPstate(value);
+        }
+
         public FPCR Fpcr { get; set; }
         public FPSR Fpsr { get; set; }
         public FPCR StandardFpcrValue => (Fpcr & (FPCR.Ahp)) | FPCR.Dn | FPCR.Fz;

ARMeilleure/State/NativeContext.cs

@@ -95,6 +95,25 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.State
             GetStorage().Flags[(int)flag] = value ? 1u : 0u;
         }
 
+        public unsafe uint GetPstate()
+        {
+            uint value = 0;
+            for (int flag = 0; flag < RegisterConsts.FlagsCount; flag++)
+            {
+                value |= GetStorage().Flags[flag] != 0 ? 1u << flag : 0u;
+            }
+            return value;
+        }
+
+        public unsafe void SetPstate(uint value)
+        {
+            for (int flag = 0; flag < RegisterConsts.FlagsCount; flag++)
+            {
+                uint bit = 1u << flag;
+                GetStorage().Flags[flag] = (value & bit) == bit ? 1u : 0u;
+            }
+        }
+
         public unsafe bool GetFPStateFlag(FPState flag)
         {
             if ((uint)flag >= RegisterConsts.FpFlagsCount)

ARMeilleure/Translation/PTC/Ptc.cs

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
         private const string OuterHeaderMagicString = "PTCohd\0\0";
         private const string InnerHeaderMagicString = "PTCihd\0\0";
 
-        private const uint InternalVersion = 3138; //! To be incremented manually for each change to the ARMeilleure project.
+        private const uint InternalVersion = 3267; //! To be incremented manually for each change to the ARMeilleure project.
 
         private const string ActualDir = "0";
         private const string BackupDir = "1";

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Dsp/Command/DelayCommand.cs

@@ -18,8 +18,10 @@
 using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.State;
 using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Parameter.Effect;
 using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server.Effect;
+using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Utils.Math;
 using System;
 using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Numerics;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
 
         private const int FixedPointPrecision = 14;
 
-        public DelayCommand(uint bufferOffset, DelayParameter parameter, Memory<DelayState> state, bool isEnabled, ulong workBuffer, int nodeId)
+        public DelayCommand(uint bufferOffset, DelayParameter parameter, Memory<DelayState> state, bool isEnabled, ulong workBuffer, int nodeId, bool newEffectChannelMappingSupported)
         {
             Enabled = true;
             NodeId = nodeId;
@@ -63,9 +65,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
                 InputBufferIndices[i] = (ushort)(bufferOffset + Parameter.Input[i]);
                 OutputBufferIndices[i] = (ushort)(bufferOffset + Parameter.Output[i]);
             }
+
+            // NOTE: We do the opposite as Nintendo here for now to restore previous behaviour
+            // TODO: Update delay processing and remove this to use RemapLegacyChannelEffectMappingToChannelResourceMapping.
+            DataSourceHelper.RemapChannelResourceMappingToLegacy(newEffectChannelMappingSupported, InputBufferIndices);
+            DataSourceHelper.RemapChannelResourceMappingToLegacy(newEffectChannelMappingSupported, OutputBufferIndices);
         }
 
-        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining | MethodImplOptions.AggressiveOptimization)]
         private unsafe void ProcessDelayMono(ref DelayState state, float* outputBuffer, float* inputBuffer, uint sampleCount)
         {
             float feedbackGain = FixedPointHelper.ToFloat(Parameter.FeedbackGain, FixedPointPrecision);
@@ -78,133 +85,148 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
                 float input = inputBuffer[i] * 64;
                 float delayLineValue = state.DelayLines[0].Read();
 
-                float lowPassResult = (input * inGain + delayLineValue * feedbackGain) * state.LowPassBaseGain + state.LowPassZ[0] * state.LowPassFeedbackGain;
+                float temp = input * inGain + delayLineValue * feedbackGain;
 
-                state.LowPassZ[0] = lowPassResult;
+                state.UpdateLowPassFilter(ref temp, 1);
-
-                state.DelayLines[0].Update(lowPassResult);
 
                 outputBuffer[i] = (input * dryGain + delayLineValue * outGain) / 64;
             }
         }
 
-        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining | MethodImplOptions.AggressiveOptimization)]
         private unsafe void ProcessDelayStereo(ref DelayState state, Span<IntPtr> outputBuffers, ReadOnlySpan<IntPtr> inputBuffers, uint sampleCount)
         {
             const ushort channelCount = 2;
 
-            Span<float> channelInput = stackalloc float[channelCount];
-            Span<float> delayLineValues = stackalloc float[channelCount];
-            Span<float> temp = stackalloc float[channelCount];
-
             float delayFeedbackBaseGain = state.DelayFeedbackBaseGain;
             float delayFeedbackCrossGain = state.DelayFeedbackCrossGain;
             float inGain = FixedPointHelper.ToFloat(Parameter.InGain, FixedPointPrecision);
             float dryGain = FixedPointHelper.ToFloat(Parameter.DryGain, FixedPointPrecision);
             float outGain = FixedPointHelper.ToFloat(Parameter.OutGain, FixedPointPrecision);
 
+            Matrix2x2 delayFeedback = new Matrix2x2(delayFeedbackBaseGain , delayFeedbackCrossGain,
+                                                    delayFeedbackCrossGain, delayFeedbackBaseGain);
+
             for (int i = 0; i < sampleCount; i++)
             {
-                for (int j = 0; j < channelCount; j++)
+                Vector2 channelInput = new Vector2
                 {
-                    channelInput[j] = *((float*)inputBuffers[j] + i) * 64;
+                    X = *((float*)inputBuffers[0] + i) * 64,
-                    delayLineValues[j] = state.DelayLines[j].Read();
+                    Y = *((float*)inputBuffers[1] + i) * 64,
-                }
+                };
 
-                temp[0] = channelInput[0] * inGain + delayLineValues[1] * delayFeedbackCrossGain + delayLineValues[0] * delayFeedbackBaseGain;
+                Vector2 delayLineValues = new Vector2()
-                temp[1] = channelInput[1] * inGain + delayLineValues[0] * delayFeedbackCrossGain + delayLineValues[1] * delayFeedbackBaseGain;
-
-                for (int j = 0; j < channelCount; j++)
                 {
-                    float lowPassResult = state.LowPassFeedbackGain * state.LowPassZ[j] + temp[j] * state.LowPassBaseGain;
+                    X = state.DelayLines[0].Read(),
+                    Y = state.DelayLines[1].Read(),
+                };
 
-                    state.LowPassZ[j] = lowPassResult;
+                Vector2 temp = MatrixHelper.Transform(ref channelInput, ref delayFeedback) + channelInput * inGain;
-                    state.DelayLines[j].Update(lowPassResult);
 
-                    *((float*)outputBuffers[j] + i) = (channelInput[j] * dryGain + delayLineValues[j] * outGain) / 64;
+                state.UpdateLowPassFilter(ref Unsafe.As<Vector2, float>(ref temp), channelCount);
-                }
+
+                *((float*)outputBuffers[0] + i) = (channelInput.X * dryGain + delayLineValues.X * outGain) / 64;
+                *((float*)outputBuffers[1] + i) = (channelInput.Y * dryGain + delayLineValues.Y * outGain) / 64;
             }
         }
 
-        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining | MethodImplOptions.AggressiveOptimization)]
         private unsafe void ProcessDelayQuadraphonic(ref DelayState state, Span<IntPtr> outputBuffers, ReadOnlySpan<IntPtr> inputBuffers, uint sampleCount)
         {
             const ushort channelCount = 4;
 
-            Span<float> channelInput = stackalloc float[channelCount];
-            Span<float> delayLineValues = stackalloc float[channelCount];
-            Span<float> temp = stackalloc float[channelCount];
-
             float delayFeedbackBaseGain = state.DelayFeedbackBaseGain;
             float delayFeedbackCrossGain = state.DelayFeedbackCrossGain;
             float inGain = FixedPointHelper.ToFloat(Parameter.InGain, FixedPointPrecision);
             float dryGain = FixedPointHelper.ToFloat(Parameter.DryGain, FixedPointPrecision);
             float outGain = FixedPointHelper.ToFloat(Parameter.OutGain, FixedPointPrecision);
 
+            Matrix4x4 delayFeedback = new Matrix4x4(delayFeedbackBaseGain , delayFeedbackCrossGain, delayFeedbackCrossGain, 0.0f,
+                                                    delayFeedbackCrossGain, delayFeedbackBaseGain , 0.0f                  , delayFeedbackCrossGain,
+                                                    delayFeedbackCrossGain, 0.0f                  , delayFeedbackBaseGain , delayFeedbackCrossGain,
+                                                    0.0f                  , delayFeedbackCrossGain, delayFeedbackCrossGain, delayFeedbackBaseGain);
+
+
             for (int i = 0; i < sampleCount; i++)
             {
-                for (int j = 0; j < channelCount; j++)
+                Vector4 channelInput = new Vector4
                 {
-                    channelInput[j] = *((float*)inputBuffers[j] + i) * 64;
+                    X = *((float*)inputBuffers[0] + i) * 64,
-                    delayLineValues[j] = state.DelayLines[j].Read();
+                    Y = *((float*)inputBuffers[1] + i) * 64,
-                }
+                    Z = *((float*)inputBuffers[2] + i) * 64,
+                    W = *((float*)inputBuffers[3] + i) * 64
+                };
 
-                temp[0] = channelInput[0] * inGain + (delayLineValues[2] + delayLineValues[1]) * delayFeedbackCrossGain + delayLineValues[0] * delayFeedbackBaseGain;
+                Vector4 delayLineValues = new Vector4()
-                temp[1] = channelInput[1] * inGain + (delayLineValues[0] + delayLineValues[3]) * delayFeedbackCrossGain + delayLineValues[1] * delayFeedbackBaseGain;
-                temp[2] = channelInput[2] * inGain + (delayLineValues[3] + delayLineValues[0]) * delayFeedbackCrossGain + delayLineValues[2] * delayFeedbackBaseGain;
-                temp[3] = channelInput[3] * inGain + (delayLineValues[1] + delayLineValues[2]) * delayFeedbackCrossGain + delayLineValues[3] * delayFeedbackBaseGain;
-
-                for (int j = 0; j < channelCount; j++)
                 {
-                    float lowPassResult = state.LowPassFeedbackGain * state.LowPassZ[j] + temp[j] * state.LowPassBaseGain;
+                    X = state.DelayLines[0].Read(),
+                    Y = state.DelayLines[1].Read(),
+                    Z = state.DelayLines[2].Read(),
+                    W = state.DelayLines[3].Read()
+                };
 
-                    state.LowPassZ[j] = lowPassResult;
+                Vector4 temp = MatrixHelper.Transform(ref channelInput, ref delayFeedback) + channelInput * inGain;
-                    state.DelayLines[j].Update(lowPassResult);
+                
+                state.UpdateLowPassFilter(ref Unsafe.As<Vector4, float>(ref temp), channelCount);
 
-                    *((float*)outputBuffers[j] + i) = (channelInput[j] * dryGain + delayLineValues[j] * outGain) / 64;
+                *((float*)outputBuffers[0] + i) = (channelInput.X * dryGain + delayLineValues.X * outGain) / 64;
-                }
+                *((float*)outputBuffers[1] + i) = (channelInput.Y * dryGain + delayLineValues.Y * outGain) / 64;
+                *((float*)outputBuffers[2] + i) = (channelInput.Z * dryGain + delayLineValues.Z * outGain) / 64;
+                *((float*)outputBuffers[3] + i) = (channelInput.W * dryGain + delayLineValues.W * outGain) / 64;
             }
         }
 
-        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining | MethodImplOptions.AggressiveOptimization)]
         private unsafe void ProcessDelaySurround(ref DelayState state, Span<IntPtr> outputBuffers, ReadOnlySpan<IntPtr> inputBuffers, uint sampleCount)
         {
             const ushort channelCount = 6;
 
-            Span<float> channelInput = stackalloc float[channelCount];
+            float feedbackGain = FixedPointHelper.ToFloat(Parameter.FeedbackGain, FixedPointPrecision);
-            Span<float> delayLineValues = stackalloc float[channelCount];
-            Span<float> temp = stackalloc float[channelCount];
-
             float delayFeedbackBaseGain = state.DelayFeedbackBaseGain;
             float delayFeedbackCrossGain = state.DelayFeedbackCrossGain;
             float inGain = FixedPointHelper.ToFloat(Parameter.InGain, FixedPointPrecision);
             float dryGain = FixedPointHelper.ToFloat(Parameter.DryGain, FixedPointPrecision);
             float outGain = FixedPointHelper.ToFloat(Parameter.OutGain, FixedPointPrecision);
 
+            Matrix6x6 delayFeedback = new Matrix6x6(delayFeedbackBaseGain , 0.0f                  , 0.0f                  , 0.0f                  , delayFeedbackCrossGain, delayFeedbackCrossGain,
+                                                    0.0f                  , delayFeedbackBaseGain , 0.0f                  , delayFeedbackCrossGain, delayFeedbackCrossGain, 0.0f                  ,
+                                                    delayFeedbackCrossGain, 0.0f                  , delayFeedbackBaseGain , delayFeedbackCrossGain, 0.0f                  , 0.0f                  ,
+                                                    0.0f                  , delayFeedbackCrossGain, delayFeedbackCrossGain, delayFeedbackBaseGain , 0.0f                  , 0.0f                  ,
+                                                    delayFeedbackCrossGain, delayFeedbackCrossGain, 0.0f                  , 0.0f                  , delayFeedbackBaseGain , 0.0f                  ,
+                                                    0.0f                  , 0.0f                  , 0.0f                  , 0.0f                  , 0.0f                  , feedbackGain);
+
             for (int i = 0; i < sampleCount; i++)
             {
-                for (int j = 0; j < channelCount; j++)
+                Vector6 channelInput = new Vector6
                 {
-                    channelInput[j] = *((float*)inputBuffers[j] + i) * 64;
+                    X = *((float*)inputBuffers[0] + i) * 64,
-                    delayLineValues[j] = state.DelayLines[j].Read();
+                    Y = *((float*)inputBuffers[1] + i) * 64,
-                }
+                    Z = *((float*)inputBuffers[2] + i) * 64,
+                    W = *((float*)inputBuffers[3] + i) * 64,
+                    V = *((float*)inputBuffers[4] + i) * 64,
+                    U = *((float*)inputBuffers[5] + i) * 64
+                };
 
-                temp[0] = channelInput[0] * inGain + (delayLineValues[2] + delayLineValues[4]) * delayFeedbackCrossGain + delayLineValues[0] * delayFeedbackBaseGain;
+                Vector6 delayLineValues = new Vector6
-                temp[1] = channelInput[1] * inGain + (delayLineValues[4] + delayLineValues[3]) * delayFeedbackCrossGain + delayLineValues[1] * delayFeedbackBaseGain;
-                temp[2] = channelInput[2] * inGain + (delayLineValues[3] + delayLineValues[0]) * delayFeedbackCrossGain + delayLineValues[2] * delayFeedbackBaseGain;
-                temp[3] = channelInput[3] * inGain + (delayLineValues[1] + delayLineValues[2]) * delayFeedbackCrossGain + delayLineValues[3] * delayFeedbackBaseGain;
-                temp[4] = channelInput[4] * inGain + (delayLineValues[0] + delayLineValues[1]) * delayFeedbackCrossGain + delayLineValues[4] * delayFeedbackBaseGain;
-                temp[5] = channelInput[5] * inGain + delayLineValues[5] * delayFeedbackBaseGain;
-
-                for (int j = 0; j < channelCount; j++)
                 {
-                    float lowPassResult = state.LowPassFeedbackGain * state.LowPassZ[j] + temp[j] * state.LowPassBaseGain;
+                    X = state.DelayLines[0].Read(),
+                    Y = state.DelayLines[1].Read(),
+                    Z = state.DelayLines[2].Read(),
+                    W = state.DelayLines[3].Read(),
+                    V = state.DelayLines[4].Read(),
+                    U = state.DelayLines[5].Read()
+                };
 
-                    state.LowPassZ[j] = lowPassResult;
+                Vector6 temp = MatrixHelper.Transform(ref channelInput, ref delayFeedback) + channelInput * inGain;
-                    state.DelayLines[j].Update(lowPassResult);
 
-                    *((float*)outputBuffers[j] + i) = (channelInput[j] * dryGain + delayLineValues[j] * outGain) / 64;
+                state.UpdateLowPassFilter(ref Unsafe.As<Vector6, float>(ref temp), channelCount);
-                }
+
+                *((float*)outputBuffers[0] + i) = (channelInput.X * dryGain + delayLineValues.X * outGain) / 64;
+                *((float*)outputBuffers[1] + i) = (channelInput.Y * dryGain + delayLineValues.Y * outGain) / 64;
+                *((float*)outputBuffers[2] + i) = (channelInput.Z * dryGain + delayLineValues.Z * outGain) / 64;
+                *((float*)outputBuffers[3] + i) = (channelInput.W * dryGain + delayLineValues.W * outGain) / 64;
+                *((float*)outputBuffers[4] + i) = (channelInput.V * dryGain + delayLineValues.V * outGain) / 64;
+                *((float*)outputBuffers[5] + i) = (channelInput.U * dryGain + delayLineValues.U * outGain) / 64;
             }
         }
 

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Dsp/Command/Reverb3dCommand.cs

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
 
         private Reverb3dParameter _parameter;
 
-        public Reverb3dCommand(uint bufferOffset, Reverb3dParameter parameter, Memory<Reverb3dState> state, bool isEnabled, ulong workBuffer, int nodeId)
+        public Reverb3dCommand(uint bufferOffset, Reverb3dParameter parameter, Memory<Reverb3dState> state, bool isEnabled, ulong workBuffer, int nodeId, bool newEffectChannelMappingSupported)
         {
             Enabled = true;
             IsEffectEnabled = isEnabled;
@@ -80,6 +80,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
                 InputBufferIndices[i] = (ushort)(bufferOffset + Parameter.Input[i]);
                 OutputBufferIndices[i] = (ushort)(bufferOffset + Parameter.Output[i]);
             }
+
+            // NOTE: We do the opposite as Nintendo here for now to restore previous behaviour
+            // TODO: Update reverb 3d processing and remove this to use RemapLegacyChannelEffectMappingToChannelResourceMapping.
+            DataSourceHelper.RemapChannelResourceMappingToLegacy(newEffectChannelMappingSupported, InputBufferIndices);
+            DataSourceHelper.RemapChannelResourceMappingToLegacy(newEffectChannelMappingSupported, OutputBufferIndices);
         }
 
         [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
@@ -194,7 +199,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
 
                 if (isSurround)
                 {
-                    *((float*)outputBuffers[4] + sampleIndex) += (outputValues[4] + state.BackLeftDelayLine.Update((values[2] - values[3]) * 0.5f) + channelInput[4] * state.DryGain);
+                    *((float*)outputBuffers[4] + sampleIndex) += (outputValues[4] + state.FrontCenterDelayLine.Update((values[2] - values[3]) * 0.5f) + channelInput[4] * state.DryGain);
                 }
             }
         }

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Dsp/Command/ReverbCommand.cs

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
 
         private const int FixedPointPrecision = 14;
 
-        public ReverbCommand(uint bufferOffset, ReverbParameter parameter, Memory<ReverbState> state, bool isEnabled, ulong workBuffer, int nodeId, bool isLongSizePreDelaySupported)
+        public ReverbCommand(uint bufferOffset, ReverbParameter parameter, Memory<ReverbState> state, bool isEnabled, ulong workBuffer, int nodeId, bool isLongSizePreDelaySupported, bool newEffectChannelMappingSupported)
         {
             Enabled = true;
             IsEffectEnabled = isEnabled;
@@ -85,6 +85,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
             }
 
             IsLongSizePreDelaySupported = isLongSizePreDelaySupported;
+
+            // NOTE: We do the opposite as Nintendo here for now to restore previous behaviour
+            // TODO: Update reverb processing and remove this to use RemapLegacyChannelEffectMappingToChannelResourceMapping.
+            DataSourceHelper.RemapChannelResourceMappingToLegacy(newEffectChannelMappingSupported, InputBufferIndices);
+            DataSourceHelper.RemapChannelResourceMappingToLegacy(newEffectChannelMappingSupported, OutputBufferIndices);
         }
 
         [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
@@ -214,7 +219,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
 
                 if (isSurround)
                 {
-                    outputValues[4] += state.BackLeftDelayLine.Update((feedbackOutputValues[2] - feedbackOutputValues[3]) * 0.5f);
+                    outputValues[4] += state.FrontCenterDelayLine.Update((feedbackOutputValues[2] - feedbackOutputValues[3]) * 0.5f);
                 }
 
                 for (int channelIndex = 0; channelIndex < Parameter.ChannelCount; channelIndex++)

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Dsp/DataSourceHelper.cs

@@ -445,5 +445,39 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp
                 ToIntSlow(output, input, sampleCount);
             }
         }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static void RemapLegacyChannelEffectMappingToChannelResourceMapping(bool isSupported, Span<ushort> bufferIndices)
+        {
+            if (!isSupported && bufferIndices.Length == 6)
+            {
+                ushort backLeft = bufferIndices[2];
+                ushort backRight = bufferIndices[3];
+                ushort frontCenter = bufferIndices[4];
+                ushort lowFrequency = bufferIndices[5];
+
+                bufferIndices[2] = frontCenter;
+                bufferIndices[3] = lowFrequency;
+                bufferIndices[4] = backLeft;
+                bufferIndices[5] = backRight;
+            }
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static void RemapChannelResourceMappingToLegacy(bool isSupported, Span<ushort> bufferIndices)
+        {
+            if (isSupported && bufferIndices.Length == 6)
+            {
+                ushort frontCenter = bufferIndices[2];
+                ushort lowFrequency = bufferIndices[3];
+                ushort backLeft = bufferIndices[4];
+                ushort backRight = bufferIndices[5];
+
+                bufferIndices[2] = backLeft;
+                bufferIndices[3] = backRight;
+                bufferIndices[4] = frontCenter;
+                bufferIndices[5] = lowFrequency;
+            }
+        }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Dsp/State/DelayState.cs

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Effect;
 using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Parameter.Effect;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.State
 {
@@ -43,7 +44,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.State
             {
                 DelayLines[i] = new DelayLine(sampleRate, parameter.DelayTimeMax);
                 DelayLines[i].SetDelay(parameter.DelayTime);
-                LowPassZ[0] = 0;
             }
 
             UpdateParameter(ref parameter);
@@ -69,5 +69,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.State
             LowPassFeedbackGain = 0.95f * FixedPointHelper.ToFloat(parameter.LowPassAmount, FixedPointPrecision);
             LowPassBaseGain = 1.0f - LowPassFeedbackGain;
         }
+
+        public void UpdateLowPassFilter(ref float tempRawRef, uint channelCount)
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < channelCount; i++)
+            {
+                float lowPassResult = LowPassFeedbackGain * LowPassZ[i] + Unsafe.Add(ref tempRawRef, i) * LowPassBaseGain;
+
+                LowPassZ[i] = lowPassResult;
+                DelayLines[i].Update(lowPassResult);
+            }
+        }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Dsp/State/Reverb3dState.cs

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.State
         public DecayDelay[] DecayDelays1 { get; }
         public DecayDelay[] DecayDelays2 { get; }
         public IDelayLine PreDelayLine { get; }
-        public IDelayLine BackLeftDelayLine { get; }
+        public IDelayLine FrontCenterDelayLine { get; }
         public float DryGain { get; private set; }
         public uint[] EarlyDelayTime { get; private set; }
         public float PreviousPreDelayValue { get; set; }
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.State
             }
 
             PreDelayLine = new DelayLine3d(sampleRate, 400);
-            BackLeftDelayLine = new DelayLine3d(sampleRate, 5);
+            FrontCenterDelayLine = new DelayLine3d(sampleRate, 5);
 
             UpdateParameter(ref parameter);
         }

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Dsp/State/ReverbState.cs

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.State
         public DelayLine[] FdnDelayLines { get; }
         public DecayDelay[] DecayDelays { get; }
         public DelayLine PreDelayLine { get; }
-        public DelayLine BackLeftDelayLine { get; }
+        public DelayLine FrontCenterDelayLine { get; }
         public uint[] EarlyDelayTime { get; }
         public float[] EarlyGain { get; }
         public uint PreDelayLineDelayTime { get; private set; }
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.State
             }
 
             PreDelayLine = new DelayLine(sampleRate, preDelayTimeMax);
-            BackLeftDelayLine = new DelayLine(sampleRate, 5.0f);
+            FrontCenterDelayLine = new DelayLine(sampleRate, 5.0f);
 
             UpdateParameter(ref parameter);
         }

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/AudioRenderSystem.cs

@@ -363,6 +363,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
                 case 4:
                     _commandProcessingTimeEstimator = new CommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion4(_sampleCount, _mixBufferCount);
                     break;
+                case 5:
+                    _commandProcessingTimeEstimator = new CommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion5(_sampleCount, _mixBufferCount);
+                    break;
                 default:
                     throw new NotImplementedException($"Unsupported processing time estimator version {_behaviourContext.GetCommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion()}.");
             }

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/BehaviourContext.cs

@@ -107,10 +107,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
         /// <remarks>This was added in system update 13.0.0</remarks>
         public const int Revision10 = 10 << 24;
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// REV11:
+        /// The "legacy" effects (Delay, Reverb and Reverb 3D) were updated to match the standard channel mapping used by the audio renderer.
+        /// A new version of the command estimator was added to address timing changes caused by the legacy effects changes.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>This was added in system update 14.0.0</remarks>
+        public const int Revision11 = 11 << 24;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Last revision supported by the implementation.
         /// </summary>
-        public const int LastRevision = Revision10;
+        public const int LastRevision = Revision11;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Target revision magic supported by the implementation.
@@ -366,12 +374,26 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
             return CheckFeatureSupported(UserRevision, BaseRevisionMagic + Revision10);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Check if the audio renderer should support new channel resource mapping for 5.1 on Delay, Reverb and Reverb 3D effects.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>True if the audio renderer support new channel resource mapping for 5.1.</returns>
+        public bool IsNewEffectChannelMappingSupported()
+        {
+            return CheckFeatureSupported(UserRevision, BaseRevisionMagic + Revision11);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Get the version of the <see cref="ICommandProcessingTimeEstimator"/>.
         /// </summary>
         /// <returns>The version of the <see cref="ICommandProcessingTimeEstimator"/>.</returns>
         public int GetCommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion()
         {
+            if (CheckFeatureSupported(UserRevision, BaseRevisionMagic + Revision11))
+            {
+                return 5;
+            }
+
             if (CheckFeatureSupported(UserRevision, BaseRevisionMagic + Revision10))
             {
                 return 4;

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/CommandBuffer.cs

@@ -336,11 +336,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
         /// <param name="workBuffer">The work buffer to use for processing.</param>
         /// <param name="nodeId">The node id associated to this command.</param>
         /// <param name="isLongSizePreDelaySupported">If set to true, the long size pre-delay is supported.</param>
-        public void GenerateReverbEffect(uint bufferOffset, ReverbParameter parameter, Memory<ReverbState> state, bool isEnabled, CpuAddress workBuffer, int nodeId, bool isLongSizePreDelaySupported)
+        /// <param name="newEffectChannelMappingSupported">If set to true, the new effect channel mapping for 5.1 is supported.</param>
+        public void GenerateReverbEffect(uint bufferOffset, ReverbParameter parameter, Memory<ReverbState> state, bool isEnabled, CpuAddress workBuffer, int nodeId, bool isLongSizePreDelaySupported, bool newEffectChannelMappingSupported)
         {
             if (parameter.IsChannelCountValid())
             {
-                ReverbCommand command = new ReverbCommand(bufferOffset, parameter, state, isEnabled, workBuffer, nodeId, isLongSizePreDelaySupported);
+                ReverbCommand command = new ReverbCommand(bufferOffset, parameter, state, isEnabled, workBuffer, nodeId, isLongSizePreDelaySupported, newEffectChannelMappingSupported);
 
                 command.EstimatedProcessingTime = _commandProcessingTimeEstimator.Estimate(command);
 
@@ -357,11 +358,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
         /// <param name="isEnabled">Set to true if the effect should be active.</param>
         /// <param name="workBuffer">The work buffer to use for processing.</param>
         /// <param name="nodeId">The node id associated to this command.</param>
-        public void GenerateReverb3dEffect(uint bufferOffset, Reverb3dParameter parameter, Memory<Reverb3dState> state, bool isEnabled, CpuAddress workBuffer, int nodeId)
+        /// <param name="newEffectChannelMappingSupported">If set to true, the new effect channel mapping for 5.1 is supported.</param>
+        public void GenerateReverb3dEffect(uint bufferOffset, Reverb3dParameter parameter, Memory<Reverb3dState> state, bool isEnabled, CpuAddress workBuffer, int nodeId, bool newEffectChannelMappingSupported)
         {
             if (parameter.IsChannelCountValid())
             {
-                Reverb3dCommand command = new Reverb3dCommand(bufferOffset, parameter, state, isEnabled, workBuffer, nodeId);
+                Reverb3dCommand command = new Reverb3dCommand(bufferOffset, parameter, state, isEnabled, workBuffer, nodeId, newEffectChannelMappingSupported);
 
                 command.EstimatedProcessingTime = _commandProcessingTimeEstimator.Estimate(command);
 
@@ -379,11 +381,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
         /// <param name="isEnabled">Set to true if the effect should be active.</param>
         /// <param name="workBuffer">The work buffer to use for processing.</param>
         /// <param name="nodeId">The node id associated to this command.</param>
-        public void GenerateDelayEffect(uint bufferOffset, DelayParameter parameter, Memory<DelayState> state, bool isEnabled, CpuAddress workBuffer, int nodeId)
+        /// <param name="newEffectChannelMappingSupported">If set to true, the new effect channel mapping for 5.1 is supported.</param>
+        public void GenerateDelayEffect(uint bufferOffset, DelayParameter parameter, Memory<DelayState> state, bool isEnabled, CpuAddress workBuffer, int nodeId, bool newEffectChannelMappingSupported)
         {
             if (parameter.IsChannelCountValid())
             {
-                DelayCommand command = new DelayCommand(bufferOffset, parameter, state, isEnabled, workBuffer, nodeId);
+                DelayCommand command = new DelayCommand(bufferOffset, parameter, state, isEnabled, workBuffer, nodeId, newEffectChannelMappingSupported);
 
                 command.EstimatedProcessingTime = _commandProcessingTimeEstimator.Estimate(command);
 

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/CommandGenerator.cs

@@ -483,31 +483,31 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
             }
         }
 
-        private void GenerateDelayEffect(uint bufferOffset, DelayEffect effect, int nodeId)
+        private void GenerateDelayEffect(uint bufferOffset, DelayEffect effect, int nodeId, bool newEffectChannelMappingSupported)
         {
             Debug.Assert(effect.Type == EffectType.Delay);
 
             ulong workBuffer = effect.GetWorkBuffer(-1);
 
-            _commandBuffer.GenerateDelayEffect(bufferOffset, effect.Parameter, effect.State, effect.IsEnabled, workBuffer, nodeId);
+            _commandBuffer.GenerateDelayEffect(bufferOffset, effect.Parameter, effect.State, effect.IsEnabled, workBuffer, nodeId, newEffectChannelMappingSupported);
         }
 
-        private void GenerateReverbEffect(uint bufferOffset, ReverbEffect effect, int nodeId, bool isLongSizePreDelaySupported)
+        private void GenerateReverbEffect(uint bufferOffset, ReverbEffect effect, int nodeId, bool isLongSizePreDelaySupported, bool newEffectChannelMappingSupported)
         {
             Debug.Assert(effect.Type == EffectType.Reverb);
 
             ulong workBuffer = effect.GetWorkBuffer(-1);
 
-            _commandBuffer.GenerateReverbEffect(bufferOffset, effect.Parameter, effect.State, effect.IsEnabled, workBuffer, nodeId, isLongSizePreDelaySupported);
+            _commandBuffer.GenerateReverbEffect(bufferOffset, effect.Parameter, effect.State, effect.IsEnabled, workBuffer, nodeId, isLongSizePreDelaySupported, newEffectChannelMappingSupported);
         }
 
-        private void GenerateReverb3dEffect(uint bufferOffset, Reverb3dEffect effect, int nodeId)
+        private void GenerateReverb3dEffect(uint bufferOffset, Reverb3dEffect effect, int nodeId, bool newEffectChannelMappingSupported)
         {
             Debug.Assert(effect.Type == EffectType.Reverb3d);
 
             ulong workBuffer = effect.GetWorkBuffer(-1);
 
-            _commandBuffer.GenerateReverb3dEffect(bufferOffset, effect.Parameter, effect.State, effect.IsEnabled, workBuffer, nodeId);
+            _commandBuffer.GenerateReverb3dEffect(bufferOffset, effect.Parameter, effect.State, effect.IsEnabled, workBuffer, nodeId, newEffectChannelMappingSupported);
         }
 
         private void GenerateBiquadFilterEffect(uint bufferOffset, BiquadFilterEffect effect, int nodeId)
@@ -650,13 +650,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
                     GenerateAuxEffect(mix.BufferOffset, (AuxiliaryBufferEffect)effect, nodeId);
                     break;
                 case EffectType.Delay:
-                    GenerateDelayEffect(mix.BufferOffset, (DelayEffect)effect, nodeId);
+                    GenerateDelayEffect(mix.BufferOffset, (DelayEffect)effect, nodeId, _rendererContext.BehaviourContext.IsNewEffectChannelMappingSupported());
                     break;
                 case EffectType.Reverb:
-                    GenerateReverbEffect(mix.BufferOffset, (ReverbEffect)effect, nodeId, mix.IsLongSizePreDelaySupported);
+                    GenerateReverbEffect(mix.BufferOffset, (ReverbEffect)effect, nodeId, mix.IsLongSizePreDelaySupported, _rendererContext.BehaviourContext.IsNewEffectChannelMappingSupported());
                     break;
                 case EffectType.Reverb3d:
-                    GenerateReverb3dEffect(mix.BufferOffset, (Reverb3dEffect)effect, nodeId);
+                    GenerateReverb3dEffect(mix.BufferOffset, (Reverb3dEffect)effect, nodeId, _rendererContext.BehaviourContext.IsNewEffectChannelMappingSupported());
                     break;
                 case EffectType.BiquadFilter:
                     GenerateBiquadFilterEffect(mix.BufferOffset, (BiquadFilterEffect)effect, nodeId);

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/CommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion3.cs

@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
             return (uint)1853.2f;
         }
 
-        public uint Estimate(DelayCommand command)
+        public virtual uint Estimate(DelayCommand command)
         {
             Debug.Assert(_sampleCount == 160 || _sampleCount == 240);
 
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
             }
         }
 
-        public uint Estimate(ReverbCommand command)
+        public virtual uint Estimate(ReverbCommand command)
         {
             Debug.Assert(_sampleCount == 160 || _sampleCount == 240);
 
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
             }
         }
 
-        public uint Estimate(Reverb3dCommand command)
+        public virtual uint Estimate(Reverb3dCommand command)
         {
             Debug.Assert(_sampleCount == 160 || _sampleCount == 240);
 

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/CommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion5.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2019-2022 Ryujinx
+//
+// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+
+using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command;
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// <see cref="ICommandProcessingTimeEstimator"/> version 5. (added with REV11)
+    /// </summary>
+    public class CommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion5 : CommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion4
+    {
+        public CommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion5(uint sampleCount, uint bufferCount) : base(sampleCount, bufferCount) { }
+
+        public override uint Estimate(DelayCommand command)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(_sampleCount == 160 || _sampleCount == 240);
+
+            if (_sampleCount == 160)
+            {
+                if (command.Enabled)
+                {
+                    switch (command.Parameter.ChannelCount)
+                    {
+                        case 1:
+                            return 8929;
+                        case 2:
+                            return 25501;
+                        case 4:
+                            return 47760;
+                        case 6:
+                            return 82203;
+                        default:
+                            throw new NotImplementedException($"{command.Parameter.ChannelCount}");
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    switch (command.Parameter.ChannelCount)
+                    {
+                        case 1:
+                            return (uint)1295.20f;
+                        case 2:
+                            return (uint)1213.60f;
+                        case 4:
+                            return (uint)942.03f;
+                        case 6:
+                            return (uint)1001.6f;
+                        default:
+                            throw new NotImplementedException($"{command.Parameter.ChannelCount}");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (command.Enabled)
+            {
+                switch (command.Parameter.ChannelCount)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                        return 11941;
+                    case 2:
+                        return 37197;
+                    case 4:
+                        return 69750;
+                    case 6:
+                        return 12004;
+                    default:
+                        throw new NotImplementedException($"{command.Parameter.ChannelCount}");
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                switch (command.Parameter.ChannelCount)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                        return (uint)997.67f;
+                    case 2:
+                        return (uint)977.63f;
+                    case 4:
+                        return (uint)792.31f;
+                    case 6:
+                        return (uint)875.43f;
+                    default:
+                        throw new NotImplementedException($"{command.Parameter.ChannelCount}");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override uint Estimate(ReverbCommand command)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(_sampleCount == 160 || _sampleCount == 240);
+
+            if (_sampleCount == 160)
+            {
+                if (command.Enabled)
+                {
+                    switch (command.Parameter.ChannelCount)
+                    {
+                        case 1:
+                            return 81475;
+                        case 2:
+                            return 84975;
+                        case 4:
+                            return 91625;
+                        case 6:
+                            return 95332;
+                        default:
+                            throw new NotImplementedException($"{command.Parameter.ChannelCount}");
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    switch (command.Parameter.ChannelCount)
+                    {
+                        case 1:
+                            return (uint)536.30f;
+                        case 2:
+                            return (uint)588.80f;
+                        case 4:
+                            return (uint)643.70f;
+                        case 6:
+                            return (uint)706.0f;
+                        default:
+                            throw new NotImplementedException($"{command.Parameter.ChannelCount}");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (command.Enabled)
+            {
+                switch (command.Parameter.ChannelCount)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                        return 120170;
+                    case 2:
+                        return 125260;
+                    case 4:
+                        return 135750;
+                    case 6:
+                        return 141130;
+                    default:
+                        throw new NotImplementedException($"{command.Parameter.ChannelCount}");
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                switch (command.Parameter.ChannelCount)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                        return (uint)617.64f;
+                    case 2:
+                        return (uint)659.54f;
+                    case 4:
+                        return (uint)711.44f;
+                    case 6:
+                        return (uint)778.07f;
+                    default:
+                        throw new NotImplementedException($"{command.Parameter.ChannelCount}");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override uint Estimate(Reverb3dCommand command)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(_sampleCount == 160 || _sampleCount == 240);
+
+            if (_sampleCount == 160)
+            {
+                if (command.Enabled)
+                {
+                    switch (command.Parameter.ChannelCount)
+                    {
+                        case 1:
+                            return 116750;
+                        case 2:
+                            return 125910;
+                        case 4:
+                            return 146340;
+                        case 6:
+                            return 165810;
+                        default:
+                            throw new NotImplementedException($"{command.Parameter.ChannelCount}");
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    switch (command.Parameter.ChannelCount)
+                    {
+                        case 1:
+                            return 735;
+                        case 2:
+                            return (uint)766.62f;
+                        case 4:
+                            return (uint)834.07f;
+                        case 6:
+                            return (uint)875.44f;
+                        default:
+                            throw new NotImplementedException($"{command.Parameter.ChannelCount}");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (command.Enabled)
+            {
+                switch (command.Parameter.ChannelCount)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                        return 170290;
+                    case 2:
+                        return 183880;
+                    case 4:
+                        return 214700;
+                    case 6:
+                        return 243850;
+                    default:
+                        throw new NotImplementedException($"{command.Parameter.ChannelCount}");
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                switch (command.Parameter.ChannelCount)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                        return (uint)508.47f;
+                    case 2:
+                        return (uint)582.45f;
+                    case 4:
+                        return (uint)626.42f;
+                    case 6:
+                        return (uint)682.47f;
+                    default:
+                        throw new NotImplementedException($"{command.Parameter.ChannelCount}");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/Performance/PerformanceManagerGeneric.cs

@@ -149,11 +149,21 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server.Performance
 
                 Span<byte> targetSpan = performanceOutput.Slice(nextOffset);
 
+                // NOTE: We check for the space for two headers for the final blank header.
+                int requiredSpace = Unsafe.SizeOf<THeader>() + Unsafe.SizeOf<TEntry>() * inputHeader.GetEntryCount()
+                                                             + Unsafe.SizeOf<TEntryDetail>() * inputHeader.GetEntryDetailCount()
+                                                             + Unsafe.SizeOf<THeader>();
+
+                if (targetSpan.Length < requiredSpace)
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+
                 ref THeader outputHeader = ref MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, THeader>(targetSpan)[0];
 
                 nextOffset += Unsafe.SizeOf<THeader>();
 
-                Span<TEntry> outputEntries = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, TEntry>(targetSpan.Slice(nextOffset));
+                Span<TEntry> outputEntries = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, TEntry>(performanceOutput.Slice(nextOffset));
 
                 int totalProcessingTime = 0;
 
@@ -175,7 +185,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server.Performance
                     }
                 }
 
-                Span<TEntryDetail> outputEntriesDetail = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, TEntryDetail>(targetSpan.Slice(nextOffset));
+                Span<TEntryDetail> outputEntriesDetail = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, TEntryDetail>(performanceOutput.Slice(nextOffset));
 
                 int effectiveEntryDetailCount = 0;
 

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Utils/Math/Matrix2x2.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Utils.Math
+{
+    record struct Matrix2x2
+    {
+        public float M11;
+        public float M12;
+        public float M21;
+        public float M22;
+
+        public Matrix2x2(float m11, float m12,
+                         float m21, float m22)
+        {
+            M11 = m11;
+            M12 = m12;
+
+            M21 = m21;
+            M22 = m22;
+        }
+
+        public static Matrix2x2 operator +(Matrix2x2 value1, Matrix2x2 value2)
+        {
+            Matrix2x2 m;
+
+            m.M11 = value1.M11 + value2.M11;
+            m.M12 = value1.M12 + value2.M12;
+            m.M21 = value1.M21 + value2.M21;
+            m.M22 = value1.M22 + value2.M22;
+
+            return m;
+        }
+
+        public static Matrix2x2 operator -(Matrix2x2 value1, float value2)
+        {
+            Matrix2x2 m;
+
+            m.M11 = value1.M11 - value2;
+            m.M12 = value1.M12 - value2;
+            m.M21 = value1.M21 - value2;
+            m.M22 = value1.M22 - value2;
+
+            return m;
+        }
+
+        public static Matrix2x2 operator *(Matrix2x2 value1, float value2)
+        {
+            Matrix2x2 m;
+
+            m.M11 = value1.M11 * value2;
+            m.M12 = value1.M12 * value2;
+            m.M21 = value1.M21 * value2;
+            m.M22 = value1.M22 * value2;
+
+            return m;
+        }
+
+        public static Matrix2x2 operator *(Matrix2x2 value1, Matrix2x2 value2)
+        {
+            Matrix2x2 m;
+
+            // First row
+            m.M11 = value1.M11 * value2.M11 + value1.M12 * value2.M21;
+            m.M12 = value1.M11 * value2.M12 + value1.M12 * value2.M22;
+
+            // Second row
+            m.M21 = value1.M21 * value2.M11 + value1.M22 * value2.M21;
+            m.M22 = value1.M21 * value2.M12 + value1.M22 * value2.M22;
+
+            return m;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Utils/Math/Matrix6x6.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Utils.Math
+{
+    record struct Matrix6x6
+    {
+        public float M11;
+        public float M12;
+        public float M13;
+        public float M14;
+        public float M15;
+        public float M16;
+
+        public float M21;
+        public float M22;
+        public float M23;
+        public float M24;
+        public float M25;
+        public float M26;
+
+        public float M31;
+        public float M32;
+        public float M33;
+        public float M34;
+        public float M35;
+        public float M36;
+
+        public float M41;
+        public float M42;
+        public float M43;
+        public float M44;
+        public float M45;
+        public float M46;
+
+        public float M51;
+        public float M52;
+        public float M53;
+        public float M54;
+        public float M55;
+        public float M56;
+
+        public float M61;
+        public float M62;
+        public float M63;
+        public float M64;
+        public float M65;
+        public float M66;
+
+        public Matrix6x6(float m11, float m12, float m13, float m14, float m15, float m16,
+                         float m21, float m22, float m23, float m24, float m25, float m26,
+                         float m31, float m32, float m33, float m34, float m35, float m36,
+                         float m41, float m42, float m43, float m44, float m45, float m46,
+                         float m51, float m52, float m53, float m54, float m55, float m56,
+                         float m61, float m62, float m63, float m64, float m65, float m66)
+        {
+            M11 = m11;
+            M12 = m12;
+            M13 = m13;
+            M14 = m14;
+            M15 = m15;
+            M16 = m16;
+
+            M21 = m21;
+            M22 = m22;
+            M23 = m23;
+            M24 = m24;
+            M25 = m25;
+            M26 = m26;
+
+            M31 = m31;
+            M32 = m32;
+            M33 = m33;
+            M34 = m34;
+            M35 = m35;
+            M36 = m36;
+
+            M41 = m41;
+            M42 = m42;
+            M43 = m43;
+            M44 = m44;
+            M45 = m45;
+            M46 = m46;
+
+            M51 = m51;
+            M52 = m52;
+            M53 = m53;
+            M54 = m54;
+            M55 = m55;
+            M56 = m56;
+
+            M61 = m61;
+            M62 = m62;
+            M63 = m63;
+            M64 = m64;
+            M65 = m65;
+            M66 = m66;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Utils/Math/MatrixHelper.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Utils.Math;
+using System.Numerics;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp
+{
+    static class MatrixHelper
+    {
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static Vector6 Transform(ref Vector6 value1, ref Matrix6x6 value2)
+        {
+            return new Vector6
+            {
+                X = value2.M11 * value1.X + value2.M12 * value1.Y + value2.M13 * value1.Z + value2.M14 * value1.W + value2.M15 * value1.V + value2.M16 * value1.U,
+                Y = value2.M21 * value1.X + value2.M22 * value1.Y + value2.M23 * value1.Z + value2.M24 * value1.W + value2.M25 * value1.V + value2.M26 * value1.U,
+                Z = value2.M31 * value1.X + value2.M32 * value1.Y + value2.M33 * value1.Z + value2.M34 * value1.W + value2.M35 * value1.V + value2.M36 * value1.U,
+                W = value2.M41 * value1.X + value2.M42 * value1.Y + value2.M43 * value1.Z + value2.M44 * value1.W + value2.M45 * value1.V + value2.M46 * value1.U,
+                V = value2.M51 * value1.X + value2.M52 * value1.Y + value2.M53 * value1.Z + value2.M54 * value1.W + value2.M55 * value1.V + value2.M56 * value1.U,
+                U = value2.M61 * value1.X + value2.M62 * value1.Y + value2.M63 * value1.Z + value2.M64 * value1.W + value2.M65 * value1.V + value2.M66 * value1.U,
+            };
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static Vector4 Transform(ref Vector4 value1, ref Matrix4x4 value2)
+        {
+            return new Vector4
+            {
+                X = value2.M11 * value1.X + value2.M12 * value1.Y + value2.M13 * value1.Z + value2.M14 * value1.W,
+                Y = value2.M21 * value1.X + value2.M22 * value1.Y + value2.M23 * value1.Z + value2.M24 * value1.W,
+                Z = value2.M31 * value1.X + value2.M32 * value1.Y + value2.M33 * value1.Z + value2.M34 * value1.W,
+                W = value2.M41 * value1.X + value2.M42 * value1.Y + value2.M43 * value1.Z + value2.M44 * value1.W
+            };
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static Vector2 Transform(ref Vector2 value1, ref Matrix2x2 value2)
+        {
+            return new Vector2
+            {
+                X = value2.M11 * value1.X + value2.M12 * value1.Y,
+                Y = value2.M21 * value1.X + value2.M22 * value1.Y,
+            };
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Utils/Math/Vector6.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Utils.Math
+{
+    record struct Vector6
+    {
+        public float X;
+        public float Y;
+        public float Z;
+        public float W;
+        public float V;
+        public float U;
+
+        public Vector6(float value) : this(value, value, value, value, value, value)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public Vector6(float x, float y, float z, float w, float v, float u)
+        {
+            X = x;
+            Y = y;
+            Z = z;
+            W = w;
+            V = v;
+            U = u;
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static Vector6 operator +(Vector6 left, Vector6 right)
+        {
+            return new Vector6(left.X + right.X,
+                               left.Y + right.Y,
+                               left.Z + right.Z,
+                               left.W + right.W,
+                               left.V + right.V,
+                               left.U + right.U);
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static Vector6 operator *(Vector6 left, Vector6 right)
+        {
+            return new Vector6(left.X * right.X,
+                               left.Y * right.Y,
+                               left.Z * right.Z,
+                               left.W * right.W,
+                               left.V * right.V,
+                               left.U * right.U);
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static Vector6 operator *(Vector6 left, float right)
+        {
+            return left * new Vector6(right);
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/AppDataManager.cs

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration
         private const string DefaultModsDir = "mods";
 
         public static string CustomModsPath { get; set; }
+        public static string CustomSdModsPath {get; set; }
         public static string CustomNandPath { get; set; } // TODO: Actually implement this into VFS
         public static string CustomSdCardPath { get; set; } // TODO: Actually implement this into VFS
 
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration
             Directory.CreateDirectory(KeysDirPath = Path.Combine(BaseDirPath, KeysDir));
         }
 
-        public static string GetModsPath() => CustomModsPath ?? Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.Combine(BaseDirPath, DefaultModsDir)).FullName;
+        public static string GetModsPath()   => CustomModsPath ?? Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.Combine(BaseDirPath, DefaultModsDir)).FullName;
+        public static string GetSdModsPath() => CustomSdModsPath ?? Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.Combine(BaseDirPath, DefaultSdcardDir, "atmosphere")).FullName;
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/Hid/Controller/JoyconConfigControllerStick.cs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
         public Stick Joystick { get; set; }
         public bool InvertStickX { get; set; }
         public bool InvertStickY { get; set; }
+        public bool Rotate90CW { get; set; }
         public Button StickButton { get; set; }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Common/Logging/LogClass.cs

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Logging
         ServiceNim,
         ServiceNs,
         ServiceNsd,
+        ServiceNtc,
         ServiceNv,
         ServiceOlsc,
         ServicePctl,

Ryujinx.Common/ReactiveObject.cs

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common
 
                 _readerWriterLock.ReleaseWriterLock();
 
-                if (!oldIsInitialized || !oldValue.Equals(_value))
+                if (!oldIsInitialized || oldValue == null || !oldValue.Equals(_value))
                 {
                     Event?.Invoke(this, new ReactiveEventArgs<T>(oldValue, value));
                 }

Ryujinx.Common/ReleaseInformations.cs

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
-using System.Reflection;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration;
+using System;
+using System.Reflection;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Common
 {
     // DO NOT EDIT, filled by CI
     public static class ReleaseInformations
     {
+        private const string FlatHubChannelOwner = "flathub";
+
         public static string BuildVersion = "%%RYUJINX_BUILD_VERSION%%";
         public static string BuildGitHash = "%%RYUJINX_BUILD_GIT_HASH%%";
         public static string ReleaseChannelName = "%%RYUJINX_TARGET_RELEASE_CHANNEL_NAME%%";
@@ -19,6 +23,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common
                    !ReleaseChannelRepo.StartsWith("%%");
         }
 
+        public static bool IsFlatHubBuild()
+        {
+            return IsValid() && ReleaseChannelOwner.Equals(FlatHubChannelOwner);
+        }
+
         public static string GetVersion()
         {
             if (IsValid())
@@ -30,5 +39,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common
                 return Assembly.GetEntryAssembly().GetCustomAttribute<AssemblyInformationalVersionAttribute>().InformationalVersion;
             }
         }
+
+        public static string GetBaseApplicationDirectory()
+        {
+            if (IsFlatHubBuild())
+            {
+                return AppDataManager.BaseDirPath;
+            }
+
+            return AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory;
+        }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Common/System/ForceDpiAware.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using System;
 using System.Drawing;
+using System.Globalization;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Runtime.Versioning;
 
@@ -11,6 +12,23 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.System
         [DllImport("user32.dll")]
         private static extern bool SetProcessDPIAware();
 
+        private const string X11LibraryName = "libX11.so.6";
+
+        [DllImport(X11LibraryName)]
+        private static extern IntPtr XOpenDisplay(string display);
+
+        [DllImport(X11LibraryName)]
+        private static extern IntPtr XGetDefault(IntPtr display, string program, string option);
+
+        [DllImport(X11LibraryName)]
+        private static extern int XDisplayWidth(IntPtr display, int screenNumber);
+
+        [DllImport(X11LibraryName)]
+        private static extern int XDisplayWidthMM(IntPtr display, int screenNumber);
+
+        [DllImport(X11LibraryName)]
+        private static extern int XCloseDisplay(IntPtr display);
+
         private static readonly double _standardDpiScale = 96.0;
         private static readonly double _maxScaleFactor   = 1.25;
 
@@ -36,9 +54,29 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.System
                 {
                     userDpiScale = Graphics.FromHwnd(IntPtr.Zero).DpiX;
                 }
-                else
+                else if (OperatingSystem.IsLinux())
                 {
-                    // TODO: Linux support
+                    string xdgSessionType = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("XDG_SESSION_TYPE")?.ToLower();
+
+                    if (xdgSessionType == null || xdgSessionType == "x11")
+                    {
+                        IntPtr display = XOpenDisplay(null);
+                        string dpiString = Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi(XGetDefault(display, "Xft", "dpi"));
+                        if (dpiString == null || !double.TryParse(dpiString, NumberStyles.Any, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out userDpiScale))
+                        {
+                            userDpiScale = (double)XDisplayWidth(display, 0) * 25.4 / (double)XDisplayWidthMM(display, 0);
+                        }
+                        XCloseDisplay(display);
+                    }
+                    else if (xdgSessionType == "wayland")
+                    {
+                        // TODO
+                        Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Couldn't determine monitor DPI: Wayland not yet supported");
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Couldn't determine monitor DPI: Unrecognised XDG_SESSION_TYPE: {xdgSessionType}");
+                    }
                 }
             }
             catch (Exception e)

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Capabilities.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation;
+
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 {
     public struct Capabilities
     {
+        public readonly TargetApi Api;
+        public readonly string VendorName;
+
         public readonly bool HasFrontFacingBug;
         public readonly bool HasVectorIndexingBug;
 
@@ -24,6 +29,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
         public readonly int StorageBufferOffsetAlignment;
 
         public Capabilities(
+            TargetApi api,
+            string vendorName,
             bool hasFrontFacingBug,
             bool hasVectorIndexingBug,
             bool supportsAstcCompression,
@@ -43,6 +50,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
             float maximumSupportedAnisotropy,
             int storageBufferOffsetAlignment)
         {
+            Api = api;
+            VendorName = vendorName;
             HasFrontFacingBug = hasFrontFacingBug;
             HasVectorIndexingBug = hasVectorIndexingBug;
             SupportsAstcCompression = supportsAstcCompression;

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/DepthStencilState.cs

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
-{
-    public struct DepthStencilState
-    {
-        public bool DepthTestEnable   { get; }
-        public bool DepthWriteEnable  { get; }
-        public bool StencilTestEnable { get; }
-
-        public CompareOp DepthFunc          { get; }
-        public CompareOp StencilFrontFunc   { get; }
-        public StencilOp StencilFrontSFail  { get; }
-        public StencilOp StencilFrontDpPass { get; }
-        public StencilOp StencilFrontDpFail { get; }
-        public CompareOp StencilBackFunc    { get; }
-        public StencilOp StencilBackSFail   { get; }
-        public StencilOp StencilBackDpPass  { get; }
-        public StencilOp StencilBackDpFail  { get; }
-
-        public DepthStencilState(
-            bool      depthTestEnable,
-            bool      depthWriteEnable,
-            bool      stencilTestEnable,
-            CompareOp depthFunc,
-            CompareOp stencilFrontFunc,
-            StencilOp stencilFrontSFail,
-            StencilOp stencilFrontDpPass,
-            StencilOp stencilFrontDpFail,
-            CompareOp stencilBackFunc,
-            StencilOp stencilBackSFail,
-            StencilOp stencilBackDpPass,
-            StencilOp stencilBackDpFail)
-        {
-            DepthTestEnable    = depthTestEnable;
-            DepthWriteEnable   = depthWriteEnable;
-            StencilTestEnable  = stencilTestEnable;
-            DepthFunc          = depthFunc;
-            StencilFrontFunc   = stencilFrontFunc;
-            StencilFrontSFail  = stencilFrontSFail;
-            StencilFrontDpPass = stencilFrontDpPass;
-            StencilFrontDpFail = stencilFrontDpFail;
-            StencilBackFunc    = stencilBackFunc;
-            StencilBackSFail   = stencilBackSFail;
-            StencilBackDpPass  = stencilBackDpPass;
-            StencilBackDpFail  = stencilBackDpFail;
-        }
-    }
-}

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Format.cs

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
         R32G32B32A32Sint,
         S8Uint,
         D16Unorm,
-        D24X8Unorm,
+        S8UintD24Unorm,
         D32Float,
         D24UnormS8Uint,
         D32FloatS8Uint,
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
             {
                 case Format.D16Unorm:
                 case Format.D24UnormS8Uint:
-                case Format.D24X8Unorm:
+                case Format.S8UintD24Unorm:
                 case Format.D32Float:
                 case Format.D32FloatS8Uint:
                 case Format.S8Uint:

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/IRenderer.cs

@@ -16,11 +16,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 
         void BackgroundContextAction(Action action, bool alwaysBackground = false);
 
-        IShader CompileShader(ShaderStage stage, string code);
-
         BufferHandle CreateBuffer(int size);
 
-        IProgram CreateProgram(IShader[] shaders, ShaderInfo info);
+        IProgram CreateProgram(ShaderSource[] shaders, ShaderInfo info);
 
         ISampler CreateSampler(SamplerCreateInfo info);
         ITexture CreateTexture(TextureCreateInfo info, float scale);

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/CommandHelper.cs

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.CounterEvent;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Program;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Renderer;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Sampler;
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Shader;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Texture;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Window;
 using System;
@@ -53,8 +52,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading
         {
             _lookup[(int)CommandType.Action] = (Span<byte> memory, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer) =>
                 ActionCommand.Run(ref GetCommand<ActionCommand>(memory), threaded, renderer);
-            _lookup[(int)CommandType.CompileShader] = (Span<byte> memory, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer) =>
-                CompileShaderCommand.Run(ref GetCommand<CompileShaderCommand>(memory), threaded, renderer);
             _lookup[(int)CommandType.CreateBuffer] = (Span<byte> memory, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer) =>
                 CreateBufferCommand.Run(ref GetCommand<CreateBufferCommand>(memory), threaded, renderer);
             _lookup[(int)CommandType.CreateProgram] = (Span<byte> memory, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer) =>
@@ -98,9 +95,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading
             _lookup[(int)CommandType.SamplerDispose] = (Span<byte> memory, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer) =>
                 SamplerDisposeCommand.Run(ref GetCommand<SamplerDisposeCommand>(memory), threaded, renderer);
 
-            _lookup[(int)CommandType.ShaderDispose] = (Span<byte> memory, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer) =>
-                ShaderDisposeCommand.Run(ref GetCommand<ShaderDisposeCommand>(memory), threaded, renderer);
-
             _lookup[(int)CommandType.TextureCopyTo] = (Span<byte> memory, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer) =>
                 TextureCopyToCommand.Run(ref GetCommand<TextureCopyToCommand>(memory), threaded, renderer);
             _lookup[(int)CommandType.TextureCopyToScaled] = (Span<byte> memory, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer) =>

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/CommandType.cs

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
     enum CommandType : byte
     {
         Action,
-        CompileShader,
         CreateBuffer,
         CreateProgram,
         CreateSampler,
@@ -29,8 +28,6 @@
 
         SamplerDispose,
 
-        ShaderDispose,
-
         TextureCopyTo,
         TextureCopyToScaled,
         TextureCopyToSlice,

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/Commands/Renderer/CompileShaderCommand.cs

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Model;
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Resources;
-
-namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Renderer
-{
-    struct CompileShaderCommand : IGALCommand
-    {
-        public CommandType CommandType => CommandType.CompileShader;
-        private TableRef<ThreadedShader> _shader;
-
-        public void Set(TableRef<ThreadedShader> shader)
-        {
-            _shader = shader;
-        }
-
-        public static void Run(ref CompileShaderCommand command, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer)
-        {
-            ThreadedShader shader = command._shader.Get(threaded);
-            shader.EnsureCreated();
-        }
-    }
-}

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/Commands/Renderer/CreateBufferCommand.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Resources;
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Renderer
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
-
-namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Renderer
 {
     struct CreateBufferCommand : IGALCommand
     {

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/Commands/Renderer/PreFrameCommand.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-using System;
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Renderer
-
-namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Renderer
 {
     struct PreFrameCommand : IGALCommand
     {

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/Commands/Shader/ShaderDisposeCommand.cs

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Model;
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Resources;
-
-namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Shader
-{
-    struct ShaderDisposeCommand : IGALCommand
-    {
-        public CommandType CommandType => CommandType.ShaderDispose;
-        private TableRef<ThreadedShader> _shader;
-
-        public void Set(TableRef<ThreadedShader> shader)
-        {
-            _shader = shader;
-        }
-
-        public static void Run(ref ShaderDisposeCommand command, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer)
-        {
-            command._shader.Get(threaded).Base.Dispose();
-        }
-    }
-}

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/Resources/Programs/SourceProgramRequest.cs

@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Resources.Programs
     {
         public ThreadedProgram Threaded { get; set; }
 
-        private IShader[] _shaders;
+        private ShaderSource[] _shaders;
         private ShaderInfo _info;
 
-        public SourceProgramRequest(ThreadedProgram program, IShader[] shaders, ShaderInfo info)
+        public SourceProgramRequest(ThreadedProgram program, ShaderSource[] shaders, ShaderInfo info)
         {
             Threaded = program;
 
@@ -19,14 +19,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Resources.Programs
 
         public IProgram Create(IRenderer renderer)
         {
-            IShader[] shaders = _shaders.Select(shader =>
+            return renderer.CreateProgram(_shaders, _info);
-            {
-                var threaded = (ThreadedShader)shader;
-                threaded?.EnsureCreated();
-                return threaded?.Base;
-            }).ToArray();
-
-            return renderer.CreateProgram(shaders, _info);
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/Resources/ThreadedShader.cs

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Shader;
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Model;
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
-
-namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Resources
-{
-    class ThreadedShader : IShader
-    {
-        private ThreadedRenderer _renderer;
-        private ShaderStage _stage;
-        private string _code;
-
-        public IShader Base;
-
-        public ThreadedShader(ThreadedRenderer renderer, ShaderStage stage, string code)
-        {
-            _renderer = renderer;
-            
-            _stage = stage;
-            _code = code;
-        }
-
-        internal void EnsureCreated()
-        {
-            if (_code != null && Base == null)
-            {
-                Base = _renderer.BaseRenderer.CompileShader(_stage, _code);
-                _code = null;
-            }
-        }
-
-        public void Dispose()
-        {
-            _renderer.New<ShaderDisposeCommand>().Set(new TableRef<ThreadedShader>(_renderer, this));
-            _renderer.QueueCommand();
-        }
-    }
-}

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/ThreadedPipeline.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Model;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Resources;
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
 using System;
 using System.Linq;
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/ThreadedRenderer.cs

@@ -250,15 +250,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading
             }
         }
 
-        public IShader CompileShader(ShaderStage stage, string code)
-        {
-            var shader = new ThreadedShader(this, stage, code);
-            New<CompileShaderCommand>().Set(Ref(shader));
-            QueueCommand();
-
-            return shader;
-        }
-
         public BufferHandle CreateBuffer(int size)
         {
             BufferHandle handle = Buffers.CreateBufferHandle();
@@ -268,7 +259,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading
             return handle;
         }
 
-        public IProgram CreateProgram(IShader[] shaders, ShaderInfo info)
+        public IProgram CreateProgram(ShaderSource[] shaders, ShaderInfo info)
         {
             var program = new ThreadedProgram(this);
             SourceProgramRequest request = new SourceProgramRequest(program, shaders, info);

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/ShaderSource.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
+{
+    public struct ShaderSource
+    {
+        public string Code { get; }
+        public byte[] BinaryCode { get; }
+        public ShaderStage Stage { get; }
+        public TargetLanguage Language { get; }
+
+        public ShaderSource(string code, byte[] binaryCode, ShaderStage stage, TargetLanguage language)
+        {
+            Code = code;
+            BinaryCode = binaryCode;
+            Stage = stage;
+            Language = language;
+        }
+
+        public ShaderSource(string code, ShaderStage stage, TargetLanguage language) : this(code, null, stage, language)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public ShaderSource(byte[] binaryCode, ShaderStage stage, TargetLanguage language) : this(null, binaryCode, stage, language)
+        {
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Target.cs

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
         Texture2DArray,
         Texture2DMultisample,
         Texture2DMultisampleArray,
-        Rectangle,
         Cubemap,
         CubemapArray,
         TextureBuffer

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Compute/ComputeClass.cs

@@ -124,24 +124,20 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Compute
             ulong samplerPoolGpuVa = ((ulong)_state.State.SetTexSamplerPoolAOffsetUpper << 32) | _state.State.SetTexSamplerPoolB;
             ulong texturePoolGpuVa = ((ulong)_state.State.SetTexHeaderPoolAOffsetUpper << 32) | _state.State.SetTexHeaderPoolB;
 
-            GpuAccessorState gas = new GpuAccessorState(
+            GpuChannelPoolState poolState = new GpuChannelPoolState(
                 texturePoolGpuVa,
                 _state.State.SetTexHeaderPoolCMaximumIndex,
-                _state.State.SetBindlessTextureConstantBufferSlotSelect,
+                _state.State.SetBindlessTextureConstantBufferSlotSelect);
-                false,
-                PrimitiveTopology.Points,
-                default);
 
-            ShaderBundle cs = memoryManager.Physical.ShaderCache.GetComputeShader(
+            GpuChannelComputeState computeState = new GpuChannelComputeState(
-                _channel,
-                gas,
-                shaderGpuVa,
                 qmd.CtaThreadDimension0,
                 qmd.CtaThreadDimension1,
                 qmd.CtaThreadDimension2,
                 localMemorySize,
                 sharedMemorySize);
 
+            CachedShaderProgram cs = memoryManager.Physical.ShaderCache.GetComputeShader(_channel, poolState, computeState, shaderGpuVa);
+
             _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetProgram(cs.HostProgram);
 
             _channel.TextureManager.SetComputeSamplerPool(samplerPoolGpuVa, _state.State.SetTexSamplerPoolCMaximumIndex, qmd.SamplerIndex);

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Dma/DmaClass.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common;
-using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Device;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Texture;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
@@ -330,11 +330,95 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Dma
                 {
                     // TODO: Implement remap functionality.
                     // Buffer to buffer copy.
-                    memoryManager.Physical.BufferCache.CopyBuffer(memoryManager, srcGpuVa, dstGpuVa, size);
+
+                    bool srcIsPitchKind = memoryManager.GetKind(srcGpuVa).IsPitch();
+                    bool dstIsPitchKind = memoryManager.GetKind(dstGpuVa).IsPitch();
+
+                    if (!srcIsPitchKind && dstIsPitchKind)
+                    {
+                        CopyGobBlockLinearToLinear(memoryManager, srcGpuVa, dstGpuVa, size);
+                    }
+                    else if (srcIsPitchKind && !dstIsPitchKind)
+                    {
+                        CopyGobLinearToBlockLinear(memoryManager, srcGpuVa, dstGpuVa, size);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        memoryManager.Physical.BufferCache.CopyBuffer(memoryManager, srcGpuVa, dstGpuVa, size);
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Copies block linear data with block linear GOBs to a block linear destination with linear GOBs.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="memoryManager">GPU memory manager</param>
+        /// <param name="srcGpuVa">Source GPU virtual address</param>
+        /// <param name="dstGpuVa">Destination GPU virtual address</param>
+        /// <param name="size">Size in bytes of the copy</param>
+        private static void CopyGobBlockLinearToLinear(MemoryManager memoryManager, ulong srcGpuVa, ulong dstGpuVa, ulong size)
+        {
+            if (((srcGpuVa | dstGpuVa | size) & 0xf) == 0)
+            {
+                for (ulong offset = 0; offset < size; offset += 16)
+                {
+                    Vector128<byte> data = memoryManager.Read<Vector128<byte>>(ConvertGobLinearToBlockLinearAddress(srcGpuVa + offset), true);
+                    memoryManager.Write(dstGpuVa + offset, data);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                for (ulong offset = 0; offset < size; offset++)
+                {
+                    byte data = memoryManager.Read<byte>(ConvertGobLinearToBlockLinearAddress(srcGpuVa + offset), true);
+                    memoryManager.Write(dstGpuVa + offset, data);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Copies block linear data with linear GOBs to a block linear destination with block linear GOBs.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="memoryManager">GPU memory manager</param>
+        /// <param name="srcGpuVa">Source GPU virtual address</param>
+        /// <param name="dstGpuVa">Destination GPU virtual address</param>
+        /// <param name="size">Size in bytes of the copy</param>
+        private static void CopyGobLinearToBlockLinear(MemoryManager memoryManager, ulong srcGpuVa, ulong dstGpuVa, ulong size)
+        {
+            if (((srcGpuVa | dstGpuVa | size) & 0xf) == 0)
+            {
+                for (ulong offset = 0; offset < size; offset += 16)
+                {
+                    Vector128<byte> data = memoryManager.Read<Vector128<byte>>(srcGpuVa + offset, true);
+                    memoryManager.Write(ConvertGobLinearToBlockLinearAddress(dstGpuVa + offset), data);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                for (ulong offset = 0; offset < size; offset++)
+                {
+                    byte data = memoryManager.Read<byte>(srcGpuVa + offset, true);
+                    memoryManager.Write(ConvertGobLinearToBlockLinearAddress(dstGpuVa + offset), data);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Calculates the GOB block linear address from a linear address.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="address">Linear address</param>
+        /// <returns>Block linear address</returns>
+        private static ulong ConvertGobLinearToBlockLinearAddress(ulong address)
+        {
+            // y2 y1 y0 x5 x4 x3 x2 x1 x0 -> x5 y2 y1 x4 y0 x3 x2 x1 x0
+            return (address & ~0x1f0UL) |
+                ((address & 0x40) >> 2) |
+                ((address & 0x10) << 1) |
+                ((address & 0x180) >> 1) |
+                ((address & 0x20) << 3);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Performs a buffer to buffer, or buffer to texture copy, then optionally releases a semaphore.
         /// </summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/DrawManager.cs

@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 int scissorW = screenScissorState.Width;
                 int scissorH = screenScissorState.Height;
 
-                if (clearAffectedByScissor)
+                if (clearAffectedByScissor && _state.State.ScissorState[0].Enable)
                 {
                     ref var scissorState = ref _state.State.ScissorState[0];
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/StateUpdater.cs

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Texture;
 using System;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
-using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
 {
@@ -20,6 +19,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         public const int RasterizerStateIndex = 1;
         public const int ScissorStateIndex = 2;
         public const int VertexBufferStateIndex = 3;
+        public const int PrimitiveRestartStateIndex = 4;
 
         private readonly GpuContext _context;
         private readonly GpuChannel _channel;
@@ -29,11 +29,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         private readonly StateUpdateTracker<ThreedClassState> _updateTracker;
 
         private readonly ShaderProgramInfo[] _currentProgramInfo;
+        private ShaderSpecializationState _shaderSpecState;
 
         private bool _vtgWritesRtLayer;
         private byte _vsClipDistancesWritten;
 
         private bool _prevDrawIndexed;
+        private IndexType _prevIndexType;
+        private uint _prevFirstVertex;
         private bool _prevTfEnable;
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -75,6 +78,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.VertexBufferState),
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.VertexBufferEndAddress)),
 
+                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdatePrimitiveRestartState,
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.PrimitiveRestartDrawArrays),
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.PrimitiveRestartState)),
+
                 new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateTessellationState,
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.TessOuterLevel),
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.TessInnerLevel),
@@ -140,8 +147,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.PointSpriteEnable),
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.PointCoordReplace)),
 
-                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdatePrimitiveRestartState, nameof(ThreedClassState.PrimitiveRestartState)),
-
                 new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateIndexBufferState,
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.IndexBufferState),
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.IndexBufferCount)),
@@ -190,6 +195,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
         public void Update()
         {
+            // If any state that the shader depends on changed,
+            // then we may need to compile/bind a different version
+            // of the shader for the new state.
+            if (_shaderSpecState != null)
+            {
+                if (!_shaderSpecState.MatchesGraphics(_channel, GetPoolState()))
+                {
+                    ForceShaderUpdate();
+                }
+            }
+
             // The vertex buffer size is calculated using a different
             // method when doing indexed draws, so we need to make sure
             // to update the vertex buffers if we are doing a regular
@@ -197,9 +213,31 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
             if (_drawState.DrawIndexed != _prevDrawIndexed)
             {
                 _updateTracker.ForceDirty(VertexBufferStateIndex);
+
+                // If PrimitiveRestartDrawArrays is false and this is a non-indexed draw, we need to ensure primitive restart is disabled.
+                // If PrimitiveRestartDrawArrays is false and this is a indexed draw, we need to ensure primitive restart enable matches GPU state.
+                // If PrimitiveRestartDrawArrays is true, then primitive restart enable should always match GPU state.
+                // That is because "PrimitiveRestartDrawArrays" is not configurable on the backend, it is always
+                // true on OpenGL and always false on Vulkan.
+                if (!_state.State.PrimitiveRestartDrawArrays && _state.State.PrimitiveRestartState.Enable)
+                {
+                    _updateTracker.ForceDirty(PrimitiveRestartStateIndex);
+                }
+
                 _prevDrawIndexed = _drawState.DrawIndexed;
             }
 
+            // In some cases, the index type is also used to guess the
+            // vertex buffer size, so we must update it if the type changed too.
+            if (_drawState.DrawIndexed &&
+                (_prevIndexType != _state.State.IndexBufferState.Type ||
+                 _prevFirstVertex != _state.State.FirstVertex))
+            {
+                _updateTracker.ForceDirty(VertexBufferStateIndex);
+                _prevIndexType = _state.State.IndexBufferState.Type;
+                _prevFirstVertex = _state.State.FirstVertex;
+            }
+
             bool tfEnable = _state.State.TfEnable;
 
             if (!tfEnable && _prevTfEnable)
@@ -816,8 +854,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         private void UpdatePrimitiveRestartState()
         {
             PrimitiveRestartState primitiveRestart = _state.State.PrimitiveRestartState;
+            bool enable = primitiveRestart.Enable && (_drawState.DrawIndexed || _state.State.PrimitiveRestartDrawArrays);
 
-            _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetPrimitiveRestart(primitiveRestart.Enable, primitiveRestart.Index);
+            _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetPrimitiveRestart(enable, primitiveRestart.Index);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -852,6 +891,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         /// </summary>
         private void UpdateVertexBufferState()
         {
+            IndexType indexType = _state.State.IndexBufferState.Type;
+            bool indexTypeSmall = indexType == IndexType.UByte || indexType == IndexType.UShort;
+
             _drawState.IsAnyVbInstanced = false;
 
             for (int index = 0; index < Constants.TotalVertexBuffers; index++)
@@ -883,12 +925,27 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 {
                     // This size may be (much) larger than the real vertex buffer size.
                     // Avoid calculating it this way, unless we don't have any other option.
+
                     size = endAddress.Pack() - address + 1;
+
+                    if (stride > 0 && indexTypeSmall)
+                    {
+                        // If the index type is a small integer type, then we might be still able
+                        // to reduce the vertex buffer size based on the maximum possible index value.
+
+                        ulong maxVertexBufferSize = indexType == IndexType.UByte ? 0x100UL : 0x10000UL;
+
+                        maxVertexBufferSize += _state.State.FirstVertex;
+                        maxVertexBufferSize *= (uint)stride;
+
+                        size = Math.Min(size, maxVertexBufferSize);
+                    }
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     // For non-indexed draws, we can guess the size from the vertex count
                     // and stride.
+
                     int firstInstance = (int)_state.State.FirstInstance;
 
                     var drawState = _state.State.VertexBufferDrawState;
@@ -1019,108 +1076,127 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         /// </summary>
         private void UpdateShaderState()
         {
+            var shaderCache = _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.ShaderCache;
+
+            _vtgWritesRtLayer = false;
+
             ShaderAddresses addresses = new ShaderAddresses();
-
+            Span<ulong> addressesSpan = addresses.AsSpan();
-            Span<ShaderAddresses> addressesSpan = MemoryMarshal.CreateSpan(ref addresses, 1);
-
-            Span<ulong> addressesArray = MemoryMarshal.Cast<ShaderAddresses, ulong>(addressesSpan);
 
             ulong baseAddress = _state.State.ShaderBaseAddress.Pack();
 
             for (int index = 0; index < 6; index++)
             {
                 var shader = _state.State.ShaderState[index];
-
                 if (!shader.UnpackEnable() && index != 1)
                 {
                     continue;
                 }
 
-                addressesArray[index] = baseAddress + shader.Offset;
+                addressesSpan[index] = baseAddress + shader.Offset;
             }
 
-            GpuAccessorState gas = new GpuAccessorState(
+            GpuChannelPoolState poolState = GetPoolState();
-                _state.State.TexturePoolState.Address.Pack(),
+            GpuChannelGraphicsState graphicsState = GetGraphicsState();
-                _state.State.TexturePoolState.MaximumId,
-                (int)_state.State.TextureBufferIndex,
-                _state.State.EarlyZForce,
-                _drawState.Topology,
-                _state.State.TessMode);
 
-            ShaderBundle gs = _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.ShaderCache.GetGraphicsShader(ref _state.State, _channel, gas, addresses);
+            CachedShaderProgram gs = shaderCache.GetGraphicsShader(ref _state.State, _channel, poolState, graphicsState, addresses);
+
+            _shaderSpecState = gs.SpecializationState;
 
             byte oldVsClipDistancesWritten = _vsClipDistancesWritten;
 
-            _drawState.VsUsesInstanceId = gs.Shaders[0]?.Info.UsesInstanceId ?? false;
+            _drawState.VsUsesInstanceId = gs.Shaders[1]?.Info.UsesInstanceId ?? false;
-            _vsClipDistancesWritten = gs.Shaders[0]?.Info.ClipDistancesWritten ?? 0;
+            _vsClipDistancesWritten = gs.Shaders[1]?.Info.ClipDistancesWritten ?? 0;
-            _vtgWritesRtLayer = false;
 
             if (oldVsClipDistancesWritten != _vsClipDistancesWritten)
             {
                 UpdateUserClipState();
             }
 
-            for (int stage = 0; stage < Constants.ShaderStages; stage++)
+            for (int stageIndex = 0; stageIndex < Constants.ShaderStages; stageIndex++)
             {
-                ShaderProgramInfo info = gs.Shaders[stage]?.Info;
+                UpdateStageBindings(stageIndex, gs.Shaders[stageIndex + 1]?.Info);
-
-                _currentProgramInfo[stage] = info;
-
-                if (info == null)
-                {
-                    _channel.TextureManager.RentGraphicsTextureBindings(stage, 0);
-                    _channel.TextureManager.RentGraphicsImageBindings(stage, 0);
-                    _channel.BufferManager.SetGraphicsStorageBufferBindings(stage, null);
-                    _channel.BufferManager.SetGraphicsUniformBufferBindings(stage, null);
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                Span<TextureBindingInfo> textureBindings = _channel.TextureManager.RentGraphicsTextureBindings(stage, info.Textures.Count);
-
-                if (info.UsesRtLayer)
-                {
-                    _vtgWritesRtLayer = true;
-                }
-
-                for (int index = 0; index < info.Textures.Count; index++)
-                {
-                    var descriptor = info.Textures[index];
-
-                    Target target = ShaderTexture.GetTarget(descriptor.Type);
-
-                    textureBindings[index] = new TextureBindingInfo(
-                        target,
-                        descriptor.Binding,
-                        descriptor.CbufSlot,
-                        descriptor.HandleIndex,
-                        descriptor.Flags);
-                }
-
-                TextureBindingInfo[] imageBindings = _channel.TextureManager.RentGraphicsImageBindings(stage, info.Images.Count);
-
-                for (int index = 0; index < info.Images.Count; index++)
-                {
-                    var descriptor = info.Images[index];
-
-                    Target target = ShaderTexture.GetTarget(descriptor.Type);
-                    Format format = ShaderTexture.GetFormat(descriptor.Format);
-
-                    imageBindings[index] = new TextureBindingInfo(
-                        target,
-                        format,
-                        descriptor.Binding,
-                        descriptor.CbufSlot,
-                        descriptor.HandleIndex,
-                        descriptor.Flags);
-                }
-
-                _channel.BufferManager.SetGraphicsStorageBufferBindings(stage, info.SBuffers);
-                _channel.BufferManager.SetGraphicsUniformBufferBindings(stage, info.CBuffers);
             }
 
             _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetProgram(gs.HostProgram);
         }
 
+        private void UpdateStageBindings(int stage, ShaderProgramInfo info)
+        {
+            _currentProgramInfo[stage] = info;
+
+            if (info == null)
+            {
+                _channel.TextureManager.RentGraphicsTextureBindings(stage, 0);
+                _channel.TextureManager.RentGraphicsImageBindings(stage, 0);
+                _channel.BufferManager.SetGraphicsStorageBufferBindings(stage, null);
+                _channel.BufferManager.SetGraphicsUniformBufferBindings(stage, null);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Span<TextureBindingInfo> textureBindings = _channel.TextureManager.RentGraphicsTextureBindings(stage, info.Textures.Count);
+
+            if (info.UsesRtLayer)
+            {
+                _vtgWritesRtLayer = true;
+            }
+
+            for (int index = 0; index < info.Textures.Count; index++)
+            {
+                var descriptor = info.Textures[index];
+
+                Target target = ShaderTexture.GetTarget(descriptor.Type);
+
+                textureBindings[index] = new TextureBindingInfo(
+                    target,
+                    descriptor.Binding,
+                    descriptor.CbufSlot,
+                    descriptor.HandleIndex,
+                    descriptor.Flags);
+            }
+
+            TextureBindingInfo[] imageBindings = _channel.TextureManager.RentGraphicsImageBindings(stage, info.Images.Count);
+
+            for (int index = 0; index < info.Images.Count; index++)
+            {
+                var descriptor = info.Images[index];
+
+                Target target = ShaderTexture.GetTarget(descriptor.Type);
+                Format format = ShaderTexture.GetFormat(descriptor.Format);
+
+                imageBindings[index] = new TextureBindingInfo(
+                    target,
+                    format,
+                    descriptor.Binding,
+                    descriptor.CbufSlot,
+                    descriptor.HandleIndex,
+                    descriptor.Flags);
+            }
+
+            _channel.BufferManager.SetGraphicsStorageBufferBindings(stage, info.SBuffers);
+            _channel.BufferManager.SetGraphicsUniformBufferBindings(stage, info.CBuffers);
+        }
+
+        private GpuChannelPoolState GetPoolState()
+        {
+            return new GpuChannelPoolState(
+                _state.State.TexturePoolState.Address.Pack(),
+                _state.State.TexturePoolState.MaximumId,
+                (int)_state.State.TextureBufferIndex);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the current GPU channel state for shader creation or compatibility verification.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>Current GPU channel state</returns>
+        private GpuChannelGraphicsState GetGraphicsState()
+        {
+            return new GpuChannelGraphicsState(
+                _state.State.EarlyZForce,
+                _drawState.Topology,
+                _state.State.TessMode);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Forces the shaders to be rebound on the next draw.
         /// </summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/ThreedClassState.cs

@@ -730,7 +730,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         public int PatchVertices;
         public fixed uint ReservedDD0[4];
         public uint TextureBarrier;
-        public fixed uint ReservedDE4[7];
+        public uint WatchdogTimer;
+        public Boolean32 PrimitiveRestartDrawArrays;
+        public fixed uint ReservedDEC[5];
         public Array16<ScissorState> ScissorState;
         public fixed uint ReservedF00[21];
         public StencilBackMasks StencilBackMasks;

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Twod/TwodClass.cs

@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.Device;
+using Ryujinx.Common;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Device;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Types;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Texture;
+using Ryujinx.Memory;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Runtime.Intrinsics;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Twod
 {
@@ -44,6 +48,180 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Twod
         /// <param name="data">Data to be written</param>
         public void Write(int offset, int data) => _state.Write(offset, data);
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Determines if data is compatible between the source and destination texture.
+        /// The two textures must have the same size, layout, and bytes per pixel.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="lhs">Info for the first texture</param>
+        /// <param name="rhs">Info for the second texture</param>
+        /// <param name="lhsFormat">Format of the first texture</param>
+        /// <param name="rhsFormat">Format of the second texture</param>
+        /// <returns>True if the data is compatible, false otherwise</returns>
+        private bool IsDataCompatible(TwodTexture lhs, TwodTexture rhs, FormatInfo lhsFormat, FormatInfo rhsFormat)
+        {
+            if (lhsFormat.BytesPerPixel != rhsFormat.BytesPerPixel ||
+                lhs.Height != rhs.Height ||
+                lhs.Depth != rhs.Depth ||
+                lhs.LinearLayout != rhs.LinearLayout ||
+                lhs.MemoryLayout.Packed != rhs.MemoryLayout.Packed)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (lhs.LinearLayout)
+            {
+                return lhs.Stride == rhs.Stride;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return lhs.Width == rhs.Width;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Determine if the given region covers the full texture, also considering width alignment.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="texture">The texture to check</param>
+        /// <param name="formatInfo"></param>
+        /// <param name="x1">Region start x</param>
+        /// <param name="y1">Region start y</param>
+        /// <param name="x2">Region end x</param>
+        /// <param name="y2">Region end y</param>
+        /// <returns>True if the region covers the full texture, false otherwise</returns>
+        private bool IsCopyRegionComplete(TwodTexture texture, FormatInfo formatInfo, int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
+        {
+            if (x1 != 0 || y1 != 0 || y2 != texture.Height)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            int width;
+            int widthAlignment;
+
+            if (texture.LinearLayout)
+            {
+                widthAlignment = 1;
+                width = texture.Stride / formatInfo.BytesPerPixel;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                widthAlignment = Constants.GobAlignment / formatInfo.BytesPerPixel;
+                width = texture.Width;
+            }
+
+            return width == BitUtils.AlignUp(x2, widthAlignment);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs a full data copy between two textures, reading and writing guest memory directly.
+        /// The textures must have a matching layout, size, and bytes per pixel.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="src">The source texture</param>
+        /// <param name="dst">The destination texture</param>
+        /// <param name="w">Copy width</param>
+        /// <param name="h">Copy height</param>
+        /// <param name="bpp">Bytes per pixel</param>
+        private void UnscaledFullCopy(TwodTexture src, TwodTexture dst, int w, int h, int bpp)
+        {
+            var srcCalculator = new OffsetCalculator(
+                w,
+                h,
+                src.Stride,
+                src.LinearLayout,
+                src.MemoryLayout.UnpackGobBlocksInY(),
+                src.MemoryLayout.UnpackGobBlocksInZ(),
+                bpp);
+
+            (int _, int srcSize) = srcCalculator.GetRectangleRange(0, 0, w, h);
+
+            var memoryManager = _channel.MemoryManager;
+
+            ulong srcGpuVa = src.Address.Pack();
+            ulong dstGpuVa = dst.Address.Pack();
+
+            ReadOnlySpan<byte> srcSpan = memoryManager.GetSpan(srcGpuVa, srcSize, true);
+
+            int width;
+            int height = src.Height;
+            if (src.LinearLayout)
+            {
+                width = src.Stride / bpp;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                width = src.Width;
+            }
+
+            // If the copy is not equal to the width and height of the texture, we will need to copy partially.
+            // It's worth noting that it has already been established that the src and dst are the same size.
+
+            if (w == width && h == height)
+            {
+                memoryManager.Write(dstGpuVa, srcSpan);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                using WritableRegion dstRegion = memoryManager.GetWritableRegion(dstGpuVa, srcSize, true);
+                Span<byte> dstSpan = dstRegion.Memory.Span;
+
+                if (src.LinearLayout)
+                {
+                    int stride = src.Stride;
+                    int offset = 0;
+                    int lineSize = width * bpp;
+
+                    for (int y = 0; y < height; y++)
+                    {
+                        srcSpan.Slice(offset, lineSize).CopyTo(dstSpan.Slice(offset));
+
+                        offset += stride;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // Copy with the block linear layout in mind.
+                    // Recreate the offset calculate with bpp 1 for copy.
+
+                    int stride = w * bpp;
+
+                    srcCalculator = new OffsetCalculator(
+                        stride,
+                        h,
+                        0,
+                        false,
+                        src.MemoryLayout.UnpackGobBlocksInY(),
+                        src.MemoryLayout.UnpackGobBlocksInZ(),
+                        1);
+
+                    int strideTrunc = BitUtils.AlignDown(stride, 16);
+
+                    ReadOnlySpan<Vector128<byte>> srcVec = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, Vector128<byte>>(srcSpan);
+                    Span<Vector128<byte>> dstVec = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, Vector128<byte>>(dstSpan);
+
+                    for (int y = 0; y < h; y++)
+                    {
+                        int x = 0;
+
+                        srcCalculator.SetY(y);
+
+                        for (; x < strideTrunc; x += 16)
+                        {
+                            int offset = srcCalculator.GetOffset(x) >> 4;
+
+                            dstVec[offset] = srcVec[offset];
+                        }
+
+                        for (; x < stride; x++)
+                        {
+                            int offset = srcCalculator.GetOffset(x);
+
+                            dstSpan[offset] = srcSpan[offset];
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Performs the blit operation, triggered by the register write.
         /// </summary>
@@ -114,16 +292,31 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Twod
                 srcX1 = 0;
             }
 
+            FormatInfo dstCopyTextureFormat = dstCopyTexture.Format.Convert();
+
+            bool canDirectCopy = GraphicsConfig.Fast2DCopy &&
+                srcX2 == dstX2 && srcY2 == dstY2 &&
+                IsDataCompatible(srcCopyTexture, dstCopyTexture, srcCopyTextureFormat, dstCopyTextureFormat) &&
+                IsCopyRegionComplete(srcCopyTexture, srcCopyTextureFormat, srcX1, srcY1, srcX2, srcY2) &&
+                IsCopyRegionComplete(dstCopyTexture, dstCopyTextureFormat, dstX1, dstY1, dstX2, dstY2);
+
             var srcTexture = memoryManager.Physical.TextureCache.FindOrCreateTexture(
                 memoryManager,
                 srcCopyTexture,
                 offset,
                 srcCopyTextureFormat,
+                !canDirectCopy,
                 false,
                 srcHint);
 
             if (srcTexture == null)
             {
+                if (canDirectCopy)
+                {
+                    // Directly copy the data on CPU.
+                    UnscaledFullCopy(srcCopyTexture, dstCopyTexture, srcX2, srcY2, srcCopyTextureFormat.BytesPerPixel);
+                }
+
                 return;
             }
 
@@ -132,7 +325,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Twod
             // When the source texture that was found has a depth format,
             // we must enforce the target texture also has a depth format,
             // as copies between depth and color formats are not allowed.
-            FormatInfo dstCopyTextureFormat;
 
             if (srcTexture.Format.IsDepthOrStencil())
             {
@@ -148,6 +340,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Twod
                 dstCopyTexture,
                 0,
                 dstCopyTextureFormat,
+                true,
                 srcTexture.ScaleMode == TextureScaleMode.Scaled,
                 dstHint);
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Types/ZetaFormat.cs

@@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Types
         {
             return format switch
             {
-                ZetaFormat.D32Float          => new FormatInfo(Format.D32Float,          1, 1, 4,  1),
+                ZetaFormat.D32Float          => new FormatInfo(Format.D32Float,       1, 1, 4, 1),
-                ZetaFormat.D16Unorm          => new FormatInfo(Format.D16Unorm,          1, 1, 2,  1),
+                ZetaFormat.D16Unorm          => new FormatInfo(Format.D16Unorm,       1, 1, 2, 1),
-                ZetaFormat.D24UnormS8Uint    => new FormatInfo(Format.D24UnormS8Uint,    1, 1, 4,  2),
+                ZetaFormat.D24UnormS8Uint    => new FormatInfo(Format.D24UnormS8Uint, 1, 1, 4, 2),
-                ZetaFormat.D24Unorm          => new FormatInfo(Format.D24UnormS8Uint,    1, 1, 4,  1),
+                ZetaFormat.D24Unorm          => new FormatInfo(Format.D24UnormS8Uint, 1, 1, 4, 1),
-                ZetaFormat.S8UintD24Unorm    => new FormatInfo(Format.D24UnormS8Uint,    1, 1, 4,  2),
+                ZetaFormat.S8UintD24Unorm    => new FormatInfo(Format.S8UintD24Unorm, 1, 1, 4, 2),
-                ZetaFormat.S8Uint            => new FormatInfo(Format.S8Uint,            1, 1, 1,  1),
+                ZetaFormat.S8Uint            => new FormatInfo(Format.S8Uint,         1, 1, 1, 1),
-                ZetaFormat.D32FloatS8Uint    => new FormatInfo(Format.D32FloatS8Uint,    1, 1, 8,  2),
+                ZetaFormat.D32FloatS8Uint    => new FormatInfo(Format.D32FloatS8Uint, 1, 1, 8, 2),
                 _                            => FormatInfo.Default
             };
         }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/GpuContext.cs

@@ -238,13 +238,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu
         /// <summary>
         /// Initialize the GPU shader cache.
         /// </summary>
-        public void InitializeShaderCache()
+        public void InitializeShaderCache(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             HostInitalized.WaitOne();
 
             foreach (var physicalMemory in PhysicalMemoryRegistry.Values)
             {
-                physicalMemory.ShaderCache.Initialize();
+                physicalMemory.ShaderCache.Initialize(cancellationToken);
             }
         }
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/GraphicsConfig.cs

@@ -28,6 +28,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu
         /// </summary>
         public static bool FastGpuTime = true;
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Enables or disables fast 2d engine texture copies entirely on CPU when possible.
+        /// Reduces stuttering and # of textures in games that copy textures around for streaming, 
+        /// as textures will not need to be created for the copy, and the data does not need to be 
+        /// flushed from GPU.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static bool Fast2DCopy = true;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Enables or disables the Just-in-Time compiler for GPU Macro code.
         /// </summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/FormatTable.cs

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             { 0x24a0e, new FormatInfo(Format.D24UnormS8Uint,    1,  1,  4,  2) },
             { 0x24a29, new FormatInfo(Format.D24UnormS8Uint,    1,  1,  4,  2) },
             { 0x48a29, new FormatInfo(Format.D24UnormS8Uint,    1,  1,  4,  2) },
+            { 0x4912b, new FormatInfo(Format.S8UintD24Unorm,    1,  1,  4,  2) },
             { 0x25385, new FormatInfo(Format.D32FloatS8Uint,    1,  1,  8,  2) },
             { 0x253b0, new FormatInfo(Format.D32FloatS8Uint,    1,  1,  8,  2) },
             { 0xa4908, new FormatInfo(Format.R8G8B8A8Srgb,      1,  1,  4,  4) },

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/Texture.cs

@@ -1136,17 +1136,33 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <param name="range">Texture view physical memory ranges</param>
         /// <param name="layerSize">Layer size on the given texture</param>
         /// <param name="caps">Host GPU capabilities</param>
+        /// <param name="allowMs">Indicates that multisample textures are allowed to match non-multisample requested textures</param>
         /// <param name="firstLayer">Texture view initial layer on this texture</param>
         /// <param name="firstLevel">Texture view first mipmap level on this texture</param>
         /// <returns>The level of compatiblilty a view with the given parameters created from this texture has</returns>
-        public TextureViewCompatibility IsViewCompatible(TextureInfo info, MultiRange range, int layerSize, Capabilities caps, out int firstLayer, out int firstLevel)
+        public TextureViewCompatibility IsViewCompatible(TextureInfo info, MultiRange range, int layerSize, Capabilities caps, bool allowMs, out int firstLayer, out int firstLevel)
         {
             TextureViewCompatibility result = TextureViewCompatibility.Full;
 
             result = TextureCompatibility.PropagateViewCompatibility(result, TextureCompatibility.ViewFormatCompatible(Info, info, caps));
             if (result != TextureViewCompatibility.Incompatible)
             {
-                result = TextureCompatibility.PropagateViewCompatibility(result, TextureCompatibility.ViewTargetCompatible(Info, info));
+                bool msTargetCompatible = false;
+
+                if (allowMs)
+                {
+                    msTargetCompatible = Info.Target == Target.Texture2DMultisample && info.Target == Target.Texture2D;
+                }
+
+                if (!msTargetCompatible)
+                {
+                    result = TextureCompatibility.PropagateViewCompatibility(result, TextureCompatibility.ViewTargetCompatible(Info, info));
+
+                    if (Info.SamplesInX != info.SamplesInX || Info.SamplesInY != info.SamplesInY)
+                    {
+                        result = TextureViewCompatibility.Incompatible;
+                    }
+                }
 
                 if (result == TextureViewCompatibility.Full && Info.FormatInfo.Format != info.FormatInfo.Format && !_context.Capabilities.SupportsMismatchingViewFormat)
                 {
@@ -1156,11 +1172,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
                     result = TextureViewCompatibility.CopyOnly;
                 }
-
-                if (Info.SamplesInX != info.SamplesInX || Info.SamplesInY != info.SamplesInY)
-                {
-                    result = TextureViewCompatibility.Incompatible;
-                }
             }
 
             firstLayer = 0;

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureCache.cs

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Types;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Texture;
-using Ryujinx.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Memory.Range;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
@@ -40,6 +39,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         private readonly PhysicalMemory _physicalMemory;
 
         private readonly MultiRangeList<Texture> _textures;
+        private readonly HashSet<Texture> _partiallyMappedTextures;
 
         private Texture[] _textureOverlaps;
         private OverlapInfo[] _overlapInfo;
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             _physicalMemory = physicalMemory;
 
             _textures = new MultiRangeList<Texture>();
+            _partiallyMappedTextures = new HashSet<Texture>();
 
             _textureOverlaps = new Texture[OverlapsBufferInitialCapacity];
             _overlapInfo = new OverlapInfo[OverlapsBufferInitialCapacity];
@@ -74,17 +75,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             Texture[] overlaps = new Texture[10];
             int overlapCount;
 
-            MultiRange unmapped;
+            MultiRange unmapped = ((MemoryManager)sender).GetPhysicalRegions(e.Address, e.Size);
-
-            try
-            {
-                unmapped = ((MemoryManager)sender).GetPhysicalRegions(e.Address, e.Size);
-            }
-            catch (InvalidMemoryRegionException)
-            {
-                // This event fires on Map in case any mappings are overwritten. In that case, there may not be an existing mapping.
-                return;
-            }
 
             lock (_textures)
             {
@@ -95,6 +86,24 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             {
                 overlaps[i].Unmapped(unmapped);
             }
+
+            // If any range was previously unmapped, we also need to purge
+            // all partially mapped texture, as they might be fully mapped now.
+            for (int i = 0; i < unmapped.Count; i++)
+            {
+                if (unmapped.GetSubRange(i).Address == MemoryManager.PteUnmapped)
+                {
+                    lock (_partiallyMappedTextures)
+                    {
+                        foreach (var texture in _partiallyMappedTextures)
+                        {
+                            texture.Unmapped(unmapped);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -194,6 +203,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             TwodTexture copyTexture,
             ulong offset,
             FormatInfo formatInfo,
+            bool shouldCreate,
             bool preferScaling = true,
             Size? sizeHint = null)
         {
@@ -234,6 +244,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 flags |= TextureSearchFlags.WithUpscale;
             }
 
+            if (!shouldCreate)
+            {
+                flags |= TextureSearchFlags.NoCreate;
+            }
+
             Texture texture = FindOrCreateTexture(memoryManager, flags, info, 0, sizeHint);
 
             texture?.SynchronizeMemory();
@@ -480,15 +495,29 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
                 return texture;
             }
+            else if (flags.HasFlag(TextureSearchFlags.NoCreate))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
 
             // Calculate texture sizes, used to find all overlapping textures.
             SizeInfo sizeInfo = info.CalculateSizeInfo(layerSize);
 
             ulong size = (ulong)sizeInfo.TotalSize;
+            bool partiallyMapped = false;
 
             if (range == null)
             {
                 range = memoryManager.GetPhysicalRegions(info.GpuAddress, size);
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < range.Value.Count; i++)
+                {
+                    if (range.Value.GetSubRange(i).Address == MemoryManager.PteUnmapped)
+                    {
+                        partiallyMapped = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
             }
 
             // Find view compatible matches.
@@ -513,7 +542,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             for (int index = 0; index < overlapsCount; index++)
             {
                 Texture overlap = _textureOverlaps[index];
-                TextureViewCompatibility overlapCompatibility = overlap.IsViewCompatible(info, range.Value, sizeInfo.LayerSize, _context.Capabilities, out int firstLayer, out int firstLevel);
+                TextureViewCompatibility overlapCompatibility = overlap.IsViewCompatible(
+                    info,
+                    range.Value,
+                    sizeInfo.LayerSize,
+                    _context.Capabilities,
+                    flags.HasFlag(TextureSearchFlags.ForCopy),
+                    out int firstLayer,
+                    out int firstLevel);
 
                 if (overlapCompatibility == TextureViewCompatibility.Full)
                 {
@@ -621,7 +657,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     Texture overlap = _textureOverlaps[index];
                     bool overlapInCache = overlap.CacheNode != null;
 
-                    TextureViewCompatibility compatibility = texture.IsViewCompatible(overlap.Info, overlap.Range, overlap.LayerSize, _context.Capabilities, out int firstLayer, out int firstLevel);
+                    TextureViewCompatibility compatibility = texture.IsViewCompatible(
+                        overlap.Info,
+                        overlap.Range,
+                        overlap.LayerSize,
+                        _context.Capabilities,
+                        false,
+                        out int firstLayer,
+                        out int firstLevel);
 
                     if (overlap.IsView && compatibility == TextureViewCompatibility.Full)
                     {
@@ -658,7 +701,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     else
                     {
                         bool dataOverlaps = texture.DataOverlaps(overlap, compatibility);
-                        
+
                         if (!overlap.IsView && dataOverlaps && !incompatibleOverlaps.Exists(incompatible => incompatible.Group == overlap.Group))
                         {
                             incompatibleOverlaps.Add(new TextureIncompatibleOverlap(overlap.Group, compatibility));
@@ -774,6 +817,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 _textures.Add(texture);
             }
 
+            if (partiallyMapped)
+            {
+                lock (_partiallyMappedTextures)
+                {
+                    _partiallyMappedTextures.Add(texture);
+                }
+            }
+
             ShrinkOverlapsBufferIfNeeded();
 
             for (int i = 0; i < overlapsCount; i++)
@@ -963,20 +1014,34 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 depthOrLayers = info.DepthOrLayers;
             }
 
+            // 2D and 2D multisample textures are not considered compatible.
+            // This specific case is required for copies, where the source texture might be multisample.
+            // In this case, we inherit the parent texture multisample state.
+            Target target = info.Target;
+            int samplesInX = info.SamplesInX;
+            int samplesInY = info.SamplesInY;
+
+            if (target == Target.Texture2D && parent.Target == Target.Texture2DMultisample)
+            {
+                target = Target.Texture2DMultisample;
+                samplesInX = parent.Info.SamplesInX;
+                samplesInY = parent.Info.SamplesInY;
+            }
+
             return new TextureInfo(
                 info.GpuAddress,
                 width,
                 height,
                 depthOrLayers,
                 info.Levels,
-                info.SamplesInX,
+                samplesInX,
-                info.SamplesInY,
+                samplesInY,
                 info.Stride,
                 info.IsLinear,
                 info.GobBlocksInY,
                 info.GobBlocksInZ,
                 info.GobBlocksInTileX,
-                info.Target,
+                target,
                 info.FormatInfo,
                 info.DepthStencilMode,
                 info.SwizzleR,
@@ -1069,6 +1134,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             {
                 _textures.Remove(texture);
             }
+
+            lock (_partiallyMappedTextures)
+            {
+                _partiallyMappedTextures.Remove(texture);
+            }
         }
 
         /// <summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureCompatibility.cs

@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 }
 
                 if ((lhs.FormatInfo.Format == Format.D24UnormS8Uint ||
-                     lhs.FormatInfo.Format == Format.D24X8Unorm) && rhs.FormatInfo.Format == Format.B8G8R8A8Unorm)
+                     lhs.FormatInfo.Format == Format.S8UintD24Unorm) && rhs.FormatInfo.Format == Format.B8G8R8A8Unorm)
                 {
                     return TextureMatchQuality.FormatAlias;
                 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureGroup.cs

@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Synchronize memory for a given texture. 
+        /// Synchronize memory for a given texture.
         /// If overlapping tracking handles are dirty, fully or partially synchronize the texture data.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="texture">The texture being used</param>
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
                     // Evaluate if any copy dependencies need to be fulfilled. A few rules:
                     // If the copy handle needs to be synchronized, prefer our own state.
-                    // If we need to be synchronized and there is a copy present, prefer the copy. 
+                    // If we need to be synchronized and there is a copy present, prefer the copy.
 
                     if (group.NeedsCopy && group.Copy(_context))
                     {
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Evaluate the range of tracking handles which a view texture overlaps with, 
+        /// Evaluate the range of tracking handles which a view texture overlaps with,
         /// using the view's position and slice/level counts.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="firstLayer">The first layer of the texture</param>
@@ -879,7 +879,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 int sliceStart = Math.Clamp(offset, 0, subRangeSize);
                 int sliceEnd = Math.Clamp(endOffset, 0, subRangeSize);
 
-                if (sliceStart != sliceEnd)
+                if (sliceStart != sliceEnd && item.Address != MemoryManager.PteUnmapped)
                 {
                     result.Add(GenerateHandle(item.Address + (ulong)sliceStart, (ulong)(sliceEnd - sliceStart)));
                 }
@@ -1097,11 +1097,20 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             {
                 // Single dirty region.
                 var cpuRegionHandles = new CpuRegionHandle[TextureRange.Count];
+                int count = 0;
 
                 for (int i = 0; i < TextureRange.Count; i++)
                 {
                     var currentRange = TextureRange.GetSubRange(i);
-                    cpuRegionHandles[i] = GenerateHandle(currentRange.Address, currentRange.Size);
+                    if (currentRange.Address != MemoryManager.PteUnmapped)
+                    {
+                        cpuRegionHandles[count++] = GenerateHandle(currentRange.Address, currentRange.Size);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (count != TextureRange.Count)
+                {
+                    Array.Resize(ref cpuRegionHandles, count);
                 }
 
                 var groupHandle = new TextureGroupHandle(this, 0, Storage.Size, _views, 0, 0, 0, _allOffsets.Length, cpuRegionHandles);
@@ -1277,7 +1286,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                         TextureInfo info = Storage.Info;
                         TextureInfo otherInfo = other.Storage.Info;
 
-                        if (TextureCompatibility.ViewLayoutCompatible(info, otherInfo, level, otherLevel) && 
+                        if (TextureCompatibility.ViewLayoutCompatible(info, otherInfo, level, otherLevel) &&
                             TextureCompatibility.CopySizeMatches(info, otherInfo, level, otherLevel))
                         {
                             // These textures are copy compatible. Create the dependency.

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TexturePool.cs

@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 return DepthStencilMode.Depth;
             }
 
-            if (format == Format.D24X8Unorm || format == Format.D24UnormS8Uint)
+            if (format == Format.D24UnormS8Uint)
             {
                 return component == SwizzleComponent.Red
                     ? DepthStencilMode.Stencil

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureSearchFlags.cs

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         Strict      = 1 << 0,
         ForSampler  = 1 << 1,
         ForCopy     = 1 << 2,
-        WithUpscale = 1 << 3
+        WithUpscale = 1 << 3,
+        NoCreate    = 1 << 4
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/BufferCache.cs

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         private const ulong BufferAlignmentSize = 0x1000;
         private const ulong BufferAlignmentMask = BufferAlignmentSize - 1;
 
+        private const ulong MaxDynamicGrowthSize = 0x100000;
+
         private readonly GpuContext _context;
         private readonly PhysicalMemory _physicalMemory;
 
@@ -166,10 +168,35 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
                 // Otherwise, we must delete the overlapping buffers and create a bigger buffer
                 // that fits all the data we need. We also need to copy the contents from the
                 // old buffer(s) to the new buffer.
+
                 ulong endAddress = address + size;
 
                 if (_bufferOverlaps[0].Address > address || _bufferOverlaps[0].EndAddress < endAddress)
                 {
+                    // Check if the following conditions are met:
+                    // - We have a single overlap.
+                    // - The overlap starts at or before the requested range. That is, the overlap happens at the end.
+                    // - The size delta between the new, merged buffer and the old one is of at most 2 pages.
+                    // In this case, we attempt to extend the buffer further than the requested range,
+                    // this can potentially avoid future resizes if the application keeps using overlapping
+                    // sequential memory.
+                    // Allowing for 2 pages (rather than just one) is necessary to catch cases where the
+                    // range crosses a page, and after alignment, ends having a size of 2 pages.
+                    if (overlapsCount == 1 &&
+                        address >= _bufferOverlaps[0].Address &&
+                        endAddress - _bufferOverlaps[0].EndAddress <= BufferAlignmentSize * 2)
+                    {
+                        // Try to grow the buffer by 1.5x of its current size.
+                        // This improves performance in the cases where the buffer is resized often by small amounts.
+                        ulong existingSize = _bufferOverlaps[0].Size;
+                        ulong growthSize = (existingSize + Math.Min(existingSize >> 1, MaxDynamicGrowthSize)) & ~BufferAlignmentMask;
+
+                        size = Math.Max(size, growthSize);
+                        endAddress = address + size;
+
+                        overlapsCount = _buffers.FindOverlapsNonOverlapping(address, size, ref _bufferOverlaps);
+                    }
+
                     for (int index = 0; index < overlapsCount; index++)
                     {
                         Buffer buffer = _bufferOverlaps[index];
@@ -183,7 +210,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
                         }
                     }
 
-                    Buffer newBuffer = new Buffer(_context, _physicalMemory, address, endAddress - address, _bufferOverlaps.Take(overlapsCount));
+                    ulong newSize = endAddress - address;
+
+                    Buffer newBuffer = new Buffer(_context, _physicalMemory, address, newSize, _bufferOverlaps.Take(overlapsCount));
 
                     lock (_buffers)
                     {
@@ -202,7 +231,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
                         buffer.DisposeData();
                     }
 
-                    newBuffer.SynchronizeMemory(address, endAddress - address);
+                    newBuffer.SynchronizeMemory(address, newSize);
 
                     // Existing buffers were modified, we need to rebind everything.
                     NotifyBuffersModified?.Invoke();

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/MemoryManager.cs

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         private const int PtLvl1Bit = PtPageBits;
         private const int AddressSpaceBits = PtPageBits + PtLvl1Bits + PtLvl0Bits;
 
-        public const ulong PteUnmapped = 0xffffffff_ffffffff;
+        public const ulong PteUnmapped = ulong.MaxValue;
 
         private readonly ulong[][] _pageTable;
 
@@ -115,6 +115,73 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
             }
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a read-only span of data from GPU mapped memory, up to the entire range specified,
+        /// or the last mapped page if the range is not fully mapped.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="va">GPU virtual address where the data is located</param>
+        /// <param name="size">Size of the data</param>
+        /// <param name="tracked">True if read tracking is triggered on the span</param>
+        /// <returns>The span of the data at the specified memory location</returns>
+        public ReadOnlySpan<byte> GetSpanMapped(ulong va, int size, bool tracked = false)
+        {
+            bool isContiguous = true;
+            int mappedSize;
+
+            if (ValidateAddress(va) && GetPte(va) != PteUnmapped && Physical.IsMapped(Translate(va)))
+            {
+                ulong endVa = va + (ulong)size;
+                ulong endVaAligned = (endVa + PageMask) & ~PageMask;
+                ulong currentVa = va & ~PageMask;
+
+                int pages = (int)((endVaAligned - currentVa) / PageSize);
+
+                for (int page = 0; page < pages - 1; page++)
+                {
+                    ulong nextVa = currentVa + PageSize;
+                    ulong nextPa = Translate(nextVa);
+
+                    if (!ValidateAddress(nextVa) || GetPte(nextVa) == PteUnmapped || !Physical.IsMapped(nextPa))
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    if (Translate(currentVa) + PageSize != nextPa)
+                    {
+                        isContiguous = false;
+                    }
+
+                    currentVa += PageSize;
+                }
+
+                currentVa += PageSize;
+
+                if (currentVa > endVa)
+                {
+                    currentVa = endVa;
+                }
+
+                mappedSize = (int)(currentVa - va);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return ReadOnlySpan<byte>.Empty;
+            }
+
+            if (isContiguous)
+            {
+                return Physical.GetSpan(Translate(va), mappedSize, tracked);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Span<byte> data = new byte[mappedSize];
+
+                ReadImpl(va, data, tracked);
+
+                return data;
+            }
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Reads data from a possibly non-contiguous region of GPU mapped memory.
         /// </summary>
@@ -154,14 +221,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets a writable region from GPU mapped memory.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="address">Start address of the range</param>
+        /// <param name="va">Start address of the range</param>
         /// <param name="size">Size in bytes to be range</param>
+        /// <param name="tracked">True if write tracking is triggered on the span</param>
         /// <returns>A writable region with the data at the specified memory location</returns>
-        public WritableRegion GetWritableRegion(ulong va, int size)
+        public WritableRegion GetWritableRegion(ulong va, int size, bool tracked = false)
         {
             if (IsContiguous(va, size))
             {
-                return Physical.GetWritableRegion(Translate(va), size);
+                return Physical.GetWritableRegion(Translate(va), size, tracked);
             }
             else
             {
@@ -169,7 +237,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
 
                 GetSpan(va, size).CopyTo(memory.Span);
 
-                return new WritableRegion(this, va, memory);
+                return new WritableRegion(this, va, memory, tracked);
             }
         }
 
@@ -254,6 +322,49 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
             }
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes data to GPU mapped memory, stopping at the first unmapped page at the memory region, if any.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="va">GPU virtual address to write the data into</param>
+        /// <param name="data">The data to be written</param>
+        public void WriteMapped(ulong va, ReadOnlySpan<byte> data)
+        {
+            if (IsContiguous(va, data.Length))
+            {
+                Physical.Write(Translate(va), data);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                int offset = 0, size;
+
+                if ((va & PageMask) != 0)
+                {
+                    ulong pa = Translate(va);
+
+                    size = Math.Min(data.Length, (int)PageSize - (int)(va & PageMask));
+
+                    if (pa != PteUnmapped && Physical.IsMapped(pa))
+                    {
+                        Physical.Write(pa, data.Slice(0, size));
+                    }
+
+                    offset += size;
+                }
+
+                for (; offset < data.Length; offset += size)
+                {
+                    ulong pa = Translate(va + (ulong)offset);
+
+                    size = Math.Min(data.Length - offset, (int)PageSize);
+
+                    if (pa != PteUnmapped && Physical.IsMapped(pa))
+                    {
+                        Physical.Write(pa, data.Slice(offset, size));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Maps a given range of pages to the specified CPU virtual address.
         /// </summary>
@@ -263,7 +374,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// <param name="pa">CPU virtual address to map into</param>
         /// <param name="va">GPU virtual address to be mapped</param>
         /// <param name="size">Size in bytes of the mapping</param>
-        public void Map(ulong pa, ulong va, ulong size)
+        /// <param name="kind">Kind of the resource located at the mapping</param>
+        public void Map(ulong pa, ulong va, ulong size, PteKind kind)
         {
             lock (_pageTable)
             {
@@ -271,7 +383,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
 
                 for (ulong offset = 0; offset < size; offset += PageSize)
                 {
-                    SetPte(va + offset, pa + offset);
+                    SetPte(va + offset, PackPte(pa + offset, kind));
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -339,7 +451,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// <param name="va">Virtual address of the range</param>
         /// <param name="size">Size of the range</param>
         /// <returns>Multi-range with the physical regions</returns>
-        /// <exception cref="InvalidMemoryRegionException">The memory region specified by <paramref name="va"/> and <paramref name="size"/> is not fully mapped</exception>
         public MultiRange GetPhysicalRegions(ulong va, ulong size)
         {
             if (IsContiguous(va, (int)size))
@@ -347,11 +458,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
                 return new MultiRange(Translate(va), size);
             }
 
-            if (!IsMapped(va))
-            {
-                throw new InvalidMemoryRegionException($"The specified GPU virtual address 0x{va:X} is not mapped.");
-            }
-
             ulong regionStart = Translate(va);
             ulong regionSize = Math.Min(size, PageSize - (va & PageMask));
 
@@ -366,14 +472,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
 
             for (int page = 0; page < pages - 1; page++)
             {
-                if (!IsMapped(va + PageSize))
+                ulong currPa = Translate(va);
-                {
-                    throw new InvalidMemoryRegionException($"The specified GPU virtual memory range 0x{va:X}..0x{(va + size):X} is not fully mapped.");
-                }
-
                 ulong newPa = Translate(va + PageSize);
 
-                if (Translate(va) + PageSize != newPa)
+                if ((currPa != PteUnmapped || newPa != PteUnmapped) && currPa + PageSize != newPa)
                 {
                     regions.Add(new MemoryRange(regionStart, regionSize));
                     regionStart = newPa;
@@ -404,18 +506,35 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
             {
                 MemoryRange currentRange = range.GetSubRange(i);
 
-                ulong address = currentRange.Address & ~PageMask;
+                if (currentRange.Address != PteUnmapped)
-                ulong endAddress = (currentRange.EndAddress + PageMask) & ~PageMask;
-
-                while (address < endAddress)
                 {
-                    if (Translate(va) != address)
+                    ulong address = currentRange.Address & ~PageMask;
-                    {
+                    ulong endAddress = (currentRange.EndAddress + PageMask) & ~PageMask;
-                        return false;
-                    }
 
-                    va += PageSize;
+                    while (address < endAddress)
-                    address += PageSize;
+                    {
+                        if (Translate(va) != address)
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+
+                        va += PageSize;
+                        address += PageSize;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    ulong endVa = va + (((currentRange.Size) + PageMask) & ~PageMask);
+
+                    while (va < endVa)
+                    {
+                        if (Translate(va) != PteUnmapped)
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+
+                        va += PageSize;
+                    }
                 }
             }
 
@@ -454,14 +573,37 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
                 return PteUnmapped;
             }
 
-            ulong baseAddress = GetPte(va);
+            ulong pte = GetPte(va);
 
-            if (baseAddress == PteUnmapped)
+            if (pte == PteUnmapped)
             {
                 return PteUnmapped;
             }
 
-            return baseAddress + (va & PageMask);
+            return UnpackPaFromPte(pte) + (va & PageMask);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the kind of a given memory page.
+        /// This might indicate the type of resource that can be allocated on the page, and also texture tiling.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="va">GPU virtual address</param>
+        /// <returns>Kind of the memory page</returns>
+        public PteKind GetKind(ulong va)
+        {
+            if (!ValidateAddress(va))
+            {
+                return PteKind.Invalid;
+            }
+
+            ulong pte = GetPte(va);
+
+            if (pte == PteUnmapped)
+            {
+                return PteKind.Invalid;
+            }
+
+            return UnpackKindFromPte(pte);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -504,5 +646,36 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
 
             _pageTable[l0][l1] = pte;
         }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a page table entry from a physical address and kind.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="pa">Physical address</param>
+        /// <param name="kind">Kind</param>
+        /// <returns>Page table entry</returns>
+        private static ulong PackPte(ulong pa, PteKind kind)
+        {
+            return pa | ((ulong)kind << 56);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Unpacks kind from a page table entry.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="pte">Page table entry</param>
+        /// <returns>Kind</returns>
+        private static PteKind UnpackKindFromPte(ulong pte)
+        {
+            return (PteKind)(pte >> 56);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Unpacks physical address from a page table entry.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="pte">Page table entry</param>
+        /// <returns>Physical address</returns>
+        private static ulong UnpackPaFromPte(ulong pte)
+        {
+            return pte & 0xffffffffffffffUL;
+        }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/PhysicalMemory.cs

@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@ using Ryujinx.Memory.Range;
 using Ryujinx.Memory.Tracking;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
-using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Threading;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
@@ -19,8 +17,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
     /// </summary>
     class PhysicalMemory : IDisposable
     {
-        public const int PageSize = 0x1000;
-
         private readonly GpuContext _context;
         private IVirtualMemoryManagerTracked _cpuMemory;
         private int _referenceCount;
@@ -103,24 +99,28 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
             if (range.Count == 1)
             {
                 var singleRange = range.GetSubRange(0);
-                return _cpuMemory.GetSpan(singleRange.Address, (int)singleRange.Size, tracked);
+                if (singleRange.Address != MemoryManager.PteUnmapped)
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                Span<byte> data = new byte[range.GetSize()];
-
-                int offset = 0;
-
-                for (int i = 0; i < range.Count; i++)
                 {
-                    var currentRange = range.GetSubRange(i);
+                    return _cpuMemory.GetSpan(singleRange.Address, (int)singleRange.Size, tracked);
-                    int size = (int)currentRange.Size;
-                    _cpuMemory.GetSpan(currentRange.Address, size, tracked).CopyTo(data.Slice(offset, size));
-                    offset += size;
                 }
-
-                return data;
             }
+
+            Span<byte> data = new byte[range.GetSize()];
+
+            int offset = 0;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < range.Count; i++)
+            {
+                var currentRange = range.GetSubRange(i);
+                int size = (int)currentRange.Size;
+                if (currentRange.Address != MemoryManager.PteUnmapped)
+                {
+                    _cpuMemory.GetSpan(currentRange.Address, size, tracked).CopyTo(data.Slice(offset, size));
+                }
+                offset += size;
+            }
+
+            return data;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -156,11 +156,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
                 int offset = 0;
                 for (int i = 0; i < range.Count; i++)
                 {
-                    MemoryRange subrange = range.GetSubRange(i);
+                    var currentRange = range.GetSubRange(i);
-
+                    int size = (int)currentRange.Size;
-                    GetSpan(subrange.Address, (int)subrange.Size).CopyTo(memory.Span.Slice(offset, (int)subrange.Size));
+                    if (currentRange.Address != MemoryManager.PteUnmapped)
-
+                    {
-                    offset += (int)subrange.Size;
+                        GetSpan(currentRange.Address, size).CopyTo(memory.Span.Slice(offset, size));
+                    }
+                    offset += size;
                 }
 
                 return new WritableRegion(new MultiRangeWritableBlock(range, this), 0, memory, tracked);
@@ -253,7 +255,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
             if (range.Count == 1)
             {
                 var singleRange = range.GetSubRange(0);
-                writeCallback(singleRange.Address, data);
+                if (singleRange.Address != MemoryManager.PteUnmapped)
+                {
+                    writeCallback(singleRange.Address, data);
+                }
             }
             else
             {
@@ -263,7 +268,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
                 {
                     var currentRange = range.GetSubRange(i);
                     int size = (int)currentRange.Size;
-                    writeCallback(currentRange.Address, data.Slice(offset, size));
+                    if (currentRange.Address != MemoryManager.PteUnmapped)
+                    {
+                        writeCallback(currentRange.Address, data.Slice(offset, size));
+                    }
                     offset += size;
                 }
             }
@@ -288,11 +296,20 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         public GpuRegionHandle BeginTracking(MultiRange range)
         {
             var cpuRegionHandles = new CpuRegionHandle[range.Count];
+            int count = 0;
 
             for (int i = 0; i < range.Count; i++)
             {
                 var currentRange = range.GetSubRange(i);
-                cpuRegionHandles[i] = _cpuMemory.BeginTracking(currentRange.Address, currentRange.Size);
+                if (currentRange.Address != MemoryManager.PteUnmapped)
+                {
+                    cpuRegionHandles[count++] = _cpuMemory.BeginTracking(currentRange.Address, currentRange.Size);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (count != range.Count)
+            {
+                Array.Resize(ref cpuRegionHandles, count);
             }
 
             return new GpuRegionHandle(cpuRegionHandles);
@@ -323,6 +340,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
             return _cpuMemory.BeginSmartGranularTracking(address, size, granularity);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks if a given memory page is mapped.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="address">CPU virtual address of the page</param>
+        /// <returns>True if mapped, false otherwise</returns>
+        public bool IsMapped(ulong address)
+        {
+            return _cpuMemory.IsMapped(address);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Release our reference to the CPU memory manager.
         /// </summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/PteKind.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Kind of the resource at the given memory mapping.
+    /// </summary>
+    public enum PteKind : byte
+    {
+        Invalid = 0xff,
+        Pitch = 0x00,
+        Z16 = 0x01,
+        Z162C = 0x02,
+        Z16MS22C = 0x03,
+        Z16MS42C = 0x04,
+        Z16MS82C = 0x05,
+        Z16MS162C = 0x06,
+        Z162Z = 0x07,
+        Z16MS22Z = 0x08,
+        Z16MS42Z = 0x09,
+        Z16MS82Z = 0x0a,
+        Z16MS162Z = 0x0b,
+        Z162CZ = 0x36,
+        Z16MS22CZ = 0x37,
+        Z16MS42CZ = 0x38,
+        Z16MS82CZ = 0x39,
+        Z16MS162CZ = 0x5f,
+        Z164CZ = 0x0c,
+        Z16MS24CZ = 0x0d,
+        Z16MS44CZ = 0x0e,
+        Z16MS84CZ = 0x0f,
+        Z16MS164CZ = 0x10,
+        S8Z24 = 0x11,
+        S8Z241Z = 0x12,
+        S8Z24MS21Z = 0x13,
+        S8Z24MS41Z = 0x14,
+        S8Z24MS81Z = 0x15,
+        S8Z24MS161Z = 0x16,
+        S8Z242CZ = 0x17,
+        S8Z24MS22CZ = 0x18,
+        S8Z24MS42CZ = 0x19,
+        S8Z24MS82CZ = 0x1a,
+        S8Z24MS162CZ = 0x1b,
+        S8Z242CS = 0x1c,
+        S8Z24MS22CS = 0x1d,
+        S8Z24MS42CS = 0x1e,
+        S8Z24MS82CS = 0x1f,
+        S8Z24MS162CS = 0x20,
+        S8Z244CSZV = 0x21,
+        S8Z24MS24CSZV = 0x22,
+        S8Z24MS44CSZV = 0x23,
+        S8Z24MS84CSZV = 0x24,
+        S8Z24MS164CSZV = 0x25,
+        V8Z24MS4VC12 = 0x26,
+        V8Z24MS4VC4 = 0x27,
+        V8Z24MS8VC8 = 0x28,
+        V8Z24MS8VC24 = 0x29,
+        V8Z24MS4VC121ZV = 0x2e,
+        V8Z24MS4VC41ZV = 0x2f,
+        V8Z24MS8VC81ZV = 0x30,
+        V8Z24MS8VC241ZV = 0x31,
+        V8Z24MS4VC122CS = 0x32,
+        V8Z24MS4VC42CS = 0x33,
+        V8Z24MS8VC82CS = 0x34,
+        V8Z24MS8VC242CS = 0x35,
+        V8Z24MS4VC122CZV = 0x3a,
+        V8Z24MS4VC42CZV = 0x3b,
+        V8Z24MS8VC82CZV = 0x3c,
+        V8Z24MS8VC242CZV = 0x3d,
+        V8Z24MS4VC122ZV = 0x3e,
+        V8Z24MS4VC42ZV = 0x3f,
+        V8Z24MS8VC82ZV = 0x40,
+        V8Z24MS8VC242ZV = 0x41,
+        V8Z24MS4VC124CSZV = 0x42,
+        V8Z24MS4VC44CSZV = 0x43,
+        V8Z24MS8VC84CSZV = 0x44,
+        V8Z24MS8VC244CSZV = 0x45,
+        Z24S8 = 0x46,
+        Z24S81Z = 0x47,
+        Z24S8MS21Z = 0x48,
+        Z24S8MS41Z = 0x49,
+        Z24S8MS81Z = 0x4a,
+        Z24S8MS161Z = 0x4b,
+        Z24S82CS = 0x4c,
+        Z24S8MS22CS = 0x4d,
+        Z24S8MS42CS = 0x4e,
+        Z24S8MS82CS = 0x4f,
+        Z24S8MS162CS = 0x50,
+        Z24S82CZ = 0x51,
+        Z24S8MS22CZ = 0x52,
+        Z24S8MS42CZ = 0x53,
+        Z24S8MS82CZ = 0x54,
+        Z24S8MS162CZ = 0x55,
+        Z24S84CSZV = 0x56,
+        Z24S8MS24CSZV = 0x57,
+        Z24S8MS44CSZV = 0x58,
+        Z24S8MS84CSZV = 0x59,
+        Z24S8MS164CSZV = 0x5a,
+        Z24V8MS4VC12 = 0x5b,
+        Z24V8MS4VC4 = 0x5c,
+        Z24V8MS8VC8 = 0x5d,
+        Z24V8MS8VC24 = 0x5e,
+        YUVB8C12Y = 0x60,
+        YUVB8C22Y = 0x61,
+        YUVB10C12Y = 0x62,
+        YUVB10C22Y = 0x6b,
+        YUVB12C12Y = 0x6c,
+        YUVB12C22Y = 0x6d,
+        Z24V8MS4VC121ZV = 0x63,
+        Z24V8MS4VC41ZV = 0x64,
+        Z24V8MS8VC81ZV = 0x65,
+        Z24V8MS8VC241ZV = 0x66,
+        Z24V8MS4VC122CS = 0x67,
+        Z24V8MS4VC42CS = 0x68,
+        Z24V8MS8VC82CS = 0x69,
+        Z24V8MS8VC242CS = 0x6a,
+        Z24V8MS4VC122CZV = 0x6f,
+        Z24V8MS4VC42CZV = 0x70,
+        Z24V8MS8VC82CZV = 0x71,
+        Z24V8MS8VC242CZV = 0x72,
+        Z24V8MS4VC122ZV = 0x73,
+        Z24V8MS4VC42ZV = 0x74,
+        Z24V8MS8VC82ZV = 0x75,
+        Z24V8MS8VC242ZV = 0x76,
+        Z24V8MS4VC124CSZV = 0x77,
+        Z24V8MS4VC44CSZV = 0x78,
+        Z24V8MS8VC84CSZV = 0x79,
+        Z24V8MS8VC244CSZV = 0x7a,
+        ZF32 = 0x7b,
+        ZF321Z = 0x7c,
+        ZF32MS21Z = 0x7d,
+        ZF32MS41Z = 0x7e,
+        ZF32MS81Z = 0x7f,
+        ZF32MS161Z = 0x80,
+        ZF322CS = 0x81,
+        ZF32MS22CS = 0x82,
+        ZF32MS42CS = 0x83,
+        ZF32MS82CS = 0x84,
+        ZF32MS162CS = 0x85,
+        ZF322CZ = 0x86,
+        ZF32MS22CZ = 0x87,
+        ZF32MS42CZ = 0x88,
+        ZF32MS82CZ = 0x89,
+        ZF32MS162CZ = 0x8a,
+        X8Z24X16V8S8MS4VC12 = 0x8b,
+        X8Z24X16V8S8MS4VC4 = 0x8c,
+        X8Z24X16V8S8MS8VC8 = 0x8d,
+        X8Z24X16V8S8MS8VC24 = 0x8e,
+        X8Z24X16V8S8MS4VC121CS = 0x8f,
+        X8Z24X16V8S8MS4VC41CS = 0x90,
+        X8Z24X16V8S8MS8VC81CS = 0x91,
+        X8Z24X16V8S8MS8VC241CS = 0x92,
+        X8Z24X16V8S8MS4VC121ZV = 0x97,
+        X8Z24X16V8S8MS4VC41ZV = 0x98,
+        X8Z24X16V8S8MS8VC81ZV = 0x99,
+        X8Z24X16V8S8MS8VC241ZV = 0x9a,
+        X8Z24X16V8S8MS4VC121CZV = 0x9b,
+        X8Z24X16V8S8MS4VC41CZV = 0x9c,
+        X8Z24X16V8S8MS8VC81CZV = 0x9d,
+        X8Z24X16V8S8MS8VC241CZV = 0x9e,
+        X8Z24X16V8S8MS4VC122CS = 0x9f,
+        X8Z24X16V8S8MS4VC42CS = 0xa0,
+        X8Z24X16V8S8MS8VC82CS = 0xa1,
+        X8Z24X16V8S8MS8VC242CS = 0xa2,
+        X8Z24X16V8S8MS4VC122CSZV = 0xa3,
+        X8Z24X16V8S8MS4VC42CSZV = 0xa4,
+        X8Z24X16V8S8MS8VC82CSZV = 0xa5,
+        X8Z24X16V8S8MS8VC242CSZV = 0xa6,
+        ZF32X16V8S8MS4VC12 = 0xa7,
+        ZF32X16V8S8MS4VC4 = 0xa8,
+        ZF32X16V8S8MS8VC8 = 0xa9,
+        ZF32X16V8S8MS8VC24 = 0xaa,
+        ZF32X16V8S8MS4VC121CS = 0xab,
+        ZF32X16V8S8MS4VC41CS = 0xac,
+        ZF32X16V8S8MS8VC81CS = 0xad,
+        ZF32X16V8S8MS8VC241CS = 0xae,
+        ZF32X16V8S8MS4VC121ZV = 0xb3,
+        ZF32X16V8S8MS4VC41ZV = 0xb4,
+        ZF32X16V8S8MS8VC81ZV = 0xb5,
+        ZF32X16V8S8MS8VC241ZV = 0xb6,
+        ZF32X16V8S8MS4VC121CZV = 0xb7,
+        ZF32X16V8S8MS4VC41CZV = 0xb8,
+        ZF32X16V8S8MS8VC81CZV = 0xb9,
+        ZF32X16V8S8MS8VC241CZV = 0xba,
+        ZF32X16V8S8MS4VC122CS = 0xbb,
+        ZF32X16V8S8MS4VC42CS = 0xbc,
+        ZF32X16V8S8MS8VC82CS = 0xbd,
+        ZF32X16V8S8MS8VC242CS = 0xbe,
+        ZF32X16V8S8MS4VC122CSZV = 0xbf,
+        ZF32X16V8S8MS4VC42CSZV = 0xc0,
+        ZF32X16V8S8MS8VC82CSZV = 0xc1,
+        ZF32X16V8S8MS8VC242CSZV = 0xc2,
+        ZF32X24S8 = 0xc3,
+        ZF32X24S81CS = 0xc4,
+        ZF32X24S8MS21CS = 0xc5,
+        ZF32X24S8MS41CS = 0xc6,
+        ZF32X24S8MS81CS = 0xc7,
+        ZF32X24S8MS161CS = 0xc8,
+        ZF32X24S82CSZV = 0xce,
+        ZF32X24S8MS22CSZV = 0xcf,
+        ZF32X24S8MS42CSZV = 0xd0,
+        ZF32X24S8MS82CSZV = 0xd1,
+        ZF32X24S8MS162CSZV = 0xd2,
+        ZF32X24S82CS = 0xd3,
+        ZF32X24S8MS22CS = 0xd4,
+        ZF32X24S8MS42CS = 0xd5,
+        ZF32X24S8MS82CS = 0xd6,
+        ZF32X24S8MS162CS = 0xd7,
+        S8 = 0x2a,
+        S82S = 0x2b,
+        Generic16Bx2 = 0xfe,
+        C322C = 0xd8,
+        C322CBR = 0xd9,
+        C322CBA = 0xda,
+        C322CRA = 0xdb,
+        C322BRA = 0xdc,
+        C32MS22C = 0xdd,
+        C32MS22CBR = 0xde,
+        C32MS24CBRA = 0xcc,
+        C32MS42C = 0xdf,
+        C32MS42CBR = 0xe0,
+        C32MS42CBA = 0xe1,
+        C32MS42CRA = 0xe2,
+        C32MS42BRA = 0xe3,
+        C32MS44CBRA = 0x2c,
+        C32MS8MS162C = 0xe4,
+        C32MS8MS162CRA = 0xe5,
+        C642C = 0xe6,
+        C642CBR = 0xe7,
+        C642CBA = 0xe8,
+        C642CRA = 0xe9,
+        C642BRA = 0xea,
+        C64MS22C = 0xeb,
+        C64MS22CBR = 0xec,
+        C64MS24CBRA = 0xcd,
+        C64MS42C = 0xed,
+        C64MS42CBR = 0xee,
+        C64MS42CBA = 0xef,
+        C64MS42CRA = 0xf0,
+        C64MS42BRA = 0xf1,
+        C64MS44CBRA = 0x2d,
+        C64MS8MS162C = 0xf2,
+        C64MS8MS162CRA = 0xf3,
+        C1282C = 0xf4,
+        C1282CR = 0xf5,
+        C128MS22C = 0xf6,
+        C128MS22CR = 0xf7,
+        C128MS42C = 0xf8,
+        C128MS42CR = 0xf9,
+        C128MS8MS162C = 0xfa,
+        C128MS8MS162CR = 0xfb,
+        X8C24 = 0xfc,
+        PitchNoSwizzle = 0xfd,
+        SmSkedMessage = 0xca,
+        SmHostMessage = 0xcb
+    }
+
+    static class PteKindExtensions
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks if the kind is pitch.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="kind">Kind to check</param>
+        /// <returns>True if pitch, false otherwise</returns>
+        public static bool IsPitch(this PteKind kind)
+        {
+            return kind == PteKind.Pitch || kind == PteKind.PitchNoSwizzle;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/ResourceName.cs

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Name of a GPU resource.
-    /// </summary>
-    public enum ResourceName
-    {
-        Buffer,
-        Texture,
-        TexturePool,
-        SamplerPool
-    }
-}

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/Cache/CacheHelper.cs

@@ -2,11 +2,8 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache.Definition;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;
@@ -20,70 +17,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache
     /// </summary>
     static class CacheHelper
     {
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Try to read the manifest header from a given file path.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="manifestPath">The path to the manifest file</param>
-        /// <param name="header">The manifest header read</param>
-        /// <returns>Return true if the manifest header was read</returns>
-        public static bool TryReadManifestHeader(string manifestPath, out CacheManifestHeader header)
-        {
-            header = default;
-
-            if (File.Exists(manifestPath))
-            {
-                Memory<byte> rawManifest = File.ReadAllBytes(manifestPath);
-
-                if (MemoryMarshal.TryRead(rawManifest.Span, out header))
-                {
-                    return true;
-                }
-            }
-
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Try to read the manifest from a given file path.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="manifestPath">The path to the manifest file</param>
-        /// <param name="graphicsApi">The graphics api used by the cache</param>
-        /// <param name="hashType">The hash type of the cache</param>
-        /// <param name="header">The manifest header read</param>
-        /// <param name="entries">The entries read from the cache manifest</param>
-        /// <returns>Return true if the manifest was read</returns>
-        public static bool TryReadManifestFile(string manifestPath, CacheGraphicsApi graphicsApi, CacheHashType hashType, out CacheManifestHeader header, out HashSet<Hash128> entries)
-        {
-            header = default;
-            entries = new HashSet<Hash128>();
-
-            if (File.Exists(manifestPath))
-            {
-                Memory<byte> rawManifest = File.ReadAllBytes(manifestPath);
-
-                if (MemoryMarshal.TryRead(rawManifest.Span, out header))
-                {
-                    Memory<byte> hashTableRaw = rawManifest.Slice(Unsafe.SizeOf<CacheManifestHeader>());
-
-                    bool isValid = header.IsValid(graphicsApi, hashType, hashTableRaw.Span);
-
-                    if (isValid)
-                    {
-                        ReadOnlySpan<Hash128> hashTable = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, Hash128>(hashTableRaw.Span);
-
-                        foreach (Hash128 hash in hashTable)
-                        {
-                            entries.Add(hash);
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    return isValid;
-                }
-            }
-
-            return false;
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Compute a cache manifest from runtime data.
         /// </summary>
@@ -246,82 +179,23 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache
             return null;
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Compute the guest program code for usage while dumping to disk or hash.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="cachedShaderEntries">The guest shader entries to use</param>
-        /// <param name="tfd">The transform feedback descriptors</param>
-        /// <param name="forHashCompute">Used to determine if the guest program code is generated for hashing</param>
-        /// <returns>The guest program code for usage while dumping to disk or hash</returns>
-        private static byte[] ComputeGuestProgramCode(ReadOnlySpan<GuestShaderCacheEntry> cachedShaderEntries, TransformFeedbackDescriptor[] tfd, bool forHashCompute = false)
-        {
-            using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream())
-            {
-                BinaryWriter writer = new BinaryWriter(stream);
-
-                foreach (GuestShaderCacheEntry cachedShaderEntry in cachedShaderEntries)
-                {
-                    if (cachedShaderEntry != null)
-                    {
-                        // Code (and Code A if present)
-                        stream.Write(cachedShaderEntry.Code);
-
-                        if (forHashCompute)
-                        {
-                            // Guest GPU accessor header (only write this for hashes, already present in the header for dumps)
-                            writer.WriteStruct(cachedShaderEntry.Header.GpuAccessorHeader);
-                        }
-
-                        // Texture descriptors
-                        foreach (GuestTextureDescriptor textureDescriptor in cachedShaderEntry.TextureDescriptors.Values)
-                        {
-                            writer.WriteStruct(textureDescriptor);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-
-                // Transform feedback
-                if (tfd != null)
-                {
-                    foreach (TransformFeedbackDescriptor transform in tfd)
-                    {
-                        writer.WriteStruct(new GuestShaderCacheTransformFeedbackHeader(transform.BufferIndex, transform.Stride, transform.VaryingLocations.Length));
-                        writer.Write(transform.VaryingLocations);
-                    }
-                }
-
-                return stream.ToArray();
-            }
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Compute a guest hash from shader entries.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="cachedShaderEntries">The guest shader entries to use</param>
-        /// <param name="tfd">The optional transform feedback descriptors</param>
-        /// <returns>A guest hash from shader entries</returns>
-        public static Hash128 ComputeGuestHashFromCache(ReadOnlySpan<GuestShaderCacheEntry> cachedShaderEntries, TransformFeedbackDescriptor[] tfd = null)
-        {
-            return XXHash128.ComputeHash(ComputeGuestProgramCode(cachedShaderEntries, tfd, true));
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Read transform feedback descriptors from guest.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="data">The raw guest transform feedback descriptors</param>
         /// <param name="header">The guest shader program header</param>
         /// <returns>The transform feedback descriptors read from guest</returns>
-        public static TransformFeedbackDescriptor[] ReadTransformFeedbackInformation(ref ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, GuestShaderCacheHeader header)
+        public static TransformFeedbackDescriptorOld[] ReadTransformFeedbackInformation(ref ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, GuestShaderCacheHeader header)
         {
             if (header.TransformFeedbackCount != 0)
             {
-                TransformFeedbackDescriptor[] result = new TransformFeedbackDescriptor[header.TransformFeedbackCount];
+                TransformFeedbackDescriptorOld[] result = new TransformFeedbackDescriptorOld[header.TransformFeedbackCount];
 
                 for (int i = 0; i < result.Length; i++)
                 {
                     GuestShaderCacheTransformFeedbackHeader feedbackHeader = MemoryMarshal.Read<GuestShaderCacheTransformFeedbackHeader>(data);
 
-                    result[i] = new TransformFeedbackDescriptor(feedbackHeader.BufferIndex, feedbackHeader.Stride, data.Slice(Unsafe.SizeOf<GuestShaderCacheTransformFeedbackHeader>(), feedbackHeader.VaryingLocationsLength).ToArray());
+                    result[i] = new TransformFeedbackDescriptorOld(feedbackHeader.BufferIndex, feedbackHeader.Stride, data.Slice(Unsafe.SizeOf<GuestShaderCacheTransformFeedbackHeader>(), feedbackHeader.VaryingLocationsLength).ToArray());
 
                     data = data.Slice(Unsafe.SizeOf<GuestShaderCacheTransformFeedbackHeader>() + feedbackHeader.VaryingLocationsLength);
                 }
@@ -332,205 +206,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache
             return null;
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Builds gpu state flags using information from the given gpu accessor.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="gpuAccessor">The gpu accessor</param>
-        /// <returns>The gpu state flags</returns>
-        private static GuestGpuStateFlags GetGpuStateFlags(IGpuAccessor gpuAccessor)
-        {
-            GuestGpuStateFlags flags = 0;
-
-            if (gpuAccessor.QueryEarlyZForce())
-            {
-                flags |= GuestGpuStateFlags.EarlyZForce;
-            }
-
-            return flags;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Packs the tessellation parameters from the gpu accessor.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="gpuAccessor">The gpu accessor</param>
-        /// <returns>The packed tessellation parameters</returns>
-        private static byte GetTessellationModePacked(IGpuAccessor gpuAccessor)
-        {
-            byte value;
-
-            value = (byte)((int)gpuAccessor.QueryTessPatchType() & 3);
-            value |= (byte)(((int)gpuAccessor.QueryTessSpacing() & 3) << 2);
-
-            if (gpuAccessor.QueryTessCw())
-            {
-                value |= 0x10;
-            }
-
-            return value;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Create a new instance of <see cref="GuestGpuAccessorHeader"/> from an gpu accessor.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="gpuAccessor">The gpu accessor</param>
-        /// <returns>A new instance of <see cref="GuestGpuAccessorHeader"/></returns>
-        public static GuestGpuAccessorHeader CreateGuestGpuAccessorCache(IGpuAccessor gpuAccessor)
-        {
-            return new GuestGpuAccessorHeader
-            {
-                ComputeLocalSizeX = gpuAccessor.QueryComputeLocalSizeX(),
-                ComputeLocalSizeY = gpuAccessor.QueryComputeLocalSizeY(),
-                ComputeLocalSizeZ = gpuAccessor.QueryComputeLocalSizeZ(),
-                ComputeLocalMemorySize = gpuAccessor.QueryComputeLocalMemorySize(),
-                ComputeSharedMemorySize = gpuAccessor.QueryComputeSharedMemorySize(),
-                PrimitiveTopology = gpuAccessor.QueryPrimitiveTopology(),
-                TessellationModePacked = GetTessellationModePacked(gpuAccessor),
-                StateFlags = GetGpuStateFlags(gpuAccessor)
-            };
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Create guest shader cache entries from the runtime contexts.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="channel">The GPU channel in use</param>
-        /// <param name="shaderContexts">The runtime contexts</param>
-        /// <returns>Guest shader cahe entries from the runtime contexts</returns>
-        public static GuestShaderCacheEntry[] CreateShaderCacheEntries(GpuChannel channel, ReadOnlySpan<TranslatorContext> shaderContexts)
-        {
-            MemoryManager memoryManager = channel.MemoryManager;
-
-            int startIndex = shaderContexts.Length > 1 ? 1 : 0;
-
-            GuestShaderCacheEntry[] entries = new GuestShaderCacheEntry[shaderContexts.Length - startIndex];
-
-            for (int i = startIndex; i < shaderContexts.Length; i++)
-            {
-                TranslatorContext context = shaderContexts[i];
-
-                if (context == null)
-                {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                GpuAccessor gpuAccessor = context.GpuAccessor as GpuAccessor;
-
-                ulong cb1DataAddress;
-                int cb1DataSize = gpuAccessor?.Cb1DataSize ?? 0;
-
-                if (context.Stage == ShaderStage.Compute)
-                {
-                    cb1DataAddress = channel.BufferManager.GetComputeUniformBufferAddress(1);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    int stageIndex = context.Stage switch
-                    {
-                        ShaderStage.TessellationControl => 1,
-                        ShaderStage.TessellationEvaluation => 2,
-                        ShaderStage.Geometry => 3,
-                        ShaderStage.Fragment => 4,
-                        _ => 0
-                    };
-
-                    cb1DataAddress = channel.BufferManager.GetGraphicsUniformBufferAddress(stageIndex, 1);
-                }
-
-                int size = context.Size;
-
-                TranslatorContext translatorContext2 = i == 1 ? shaderContexts[0] : null;
-
-                int sizeA = translatorContext2 != null ? translatorContext2.Size : 0;
-
-                byte[] code = new byte[size + cb1DataSize + sizeA];
-
-                memoryManager.GetSpan(context.Address, size).CopyTo(code);
-
-                if (cb1DataAddress != 0 && cb1DataSize != 0)
-                {
-                    memoryManager.Physical.GetSpan(cb1DataAddress, cb1DataSize).CopyTo(code.AsSpan(size, cb1DataSize));
-                }
-
-                if (translatorContext2 != null)
-                {
-                    memoryManager.GetSpan(translatorContext2.Address, sizeA).CopyTo(code.AsSpan(size + cb1DataSize, sizeA));
-                }
-
-                GuestGpuAccessorHeader gpuAccessorHeader = CreateGuestGpuAccessorCache(context.GpuAccessor);
-
-                if (gpuAccessor != null)
-                {
-                    gpuAccessorHeader.TextureDescriptorCount = context.TextureHandlesForCache.Count;
-                }
-
-                GuestShaderCacheEntryHeader header = new GuestShaderCacheEntryHeader(
-                    context.Stage,
-                    size + cb1DataSize,
-                    sizeA,
-                    cb1DataSize,
-                    gpuAccessorHeader);
-
-                GuestShaderCacheEntry entry = new GuestShaderCacheEntry(header, code);
-
-                if (gpuAccessor != null)
-                {
-                    foreach (int textureHandle in context.TextureHandlesForCache)
-                    {
-                        GuestTextureDescriptor textureDescriptor = ((Image.TextureDescriptor)gpuAccessor.GetTextureDescriptor(textureHandle, -1)).ToCache();
-
-                        textureDescriptor.Handle = (uint)textureHandle;
-
-                        entry.TextureDescriptors.Add(textureHandle, textureDescriptor);
-                    }
-                }
-
-                entries[i - startIndex] = entry;
-            }
-
-            return entries;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Create a guest shader program.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="shaderCacheEntries">The entries composing the guest program dump</param>
-        /// <param name="tfd">The transform feedback descriptors in use</param>
-        /// <returns>The resulting guest shader program</returns>
-        public static byte[] CreateGuestProgramDump(GuestShaderCacheEntry[] shaderCacheEntries, TransformFeedbackDescriptor[] tfd = null)
-        {
-            using (MemoryStream resultStream = new MemoryStream())
-            {
-                BinaryWriter resultStreamWriter = new BinaryWriter(resultStream);
-
-                byte transformFeedbackCount = 0;
-
-                if (tfd != null)
-                {
-                    transformFeedbackCount = (byte)tfd.Length;
-                }
-
-                // Header
-                resultStreamWriter.WriteStruct(new GuestShaderCacheHeader((byte)shaderCacheEntries.Length, transformFeedbackCount));
-
-                // Write all entries header
-                foreach (GuestShaderCacheEntry entry in shaderCacheEntries)
-                {
-                    if (entry == null)
-                    {
-                        resultStreamWriter.WriteStruct(new GuestShaderCacheEntryHeader());
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        resultStreamWriter.WriteStruct(entry.Header);
-                    }
-                }
-
-                // Finally, write all program code and all transform feedback information.
-                resultStreamWriter.Write(ComputeGuestProgramCode(shaderCacheEntries, tfd));
-
-                return resultStream.ToArray();
-            }
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Save temporary files not in archive.
         /// </summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/Cache/CacheManager.cs

@@ -47,8 +47,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache
 
             string baseCacheDirectory = CacheHelper.GetBaseCacheDirectory(titleId);
 
-            CacheMigration.Run(baseCacheDirectory, graphicsApi, hashType, shaderProvider);
-
             _guestProgramCache = new CacheCollection(baseCacheDirectory, _hashType, CacheGraphicsApi.Guest, "", "program", GuestCacheVersion);
             _hostProgramCache = new CacheCollection(baseCacheDirectory, _hashType, _graphicsApi, _shaderProvider, "host", shaderCodeGenVersion);
         }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/Cache/CacheMigration.cs

@@ -1,175 +0,0 @@
-using ICSharpCode.SharpZipLib.Zip;
-using Ryujinx.Common;
-using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache.Definition;
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.IO;
-
-namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Class handling shader cache migrations.
-    /// </summary>
-    static class CacheMigration
-    {
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Check if the given cache version need to recompute its hash.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="version">The version in use</param>
-        /// <param name="newVersion">The new version after migration</param>
-        /// <returns>True if a hash recompute is needed</returns>
-        public static bool NeedHashRecompute(ulong version, out ulong newVersion)
-        {
-            const ulong TargetBrokenVersion = 1717;
-            const ulong TargetFixedVersion = 1759;
-
-            newVersion = TargetFixedVersion;
-
-            if (version == TargetBrokenVersion)
-            {
-                return true;
-            }
-
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        private class StreamZipEntryDataSource : IStaticDataSource
-        {
-            private readonly ZipFile Archive;
-            private readonly ZipEntry Entry;
-            public StreamZipEntryDataSource(ZipFile archive, ZipEntry entry)
-            {
-                Archive = archive;
-                Entry = entry;
-            }
-
-            public Stream GetSource()
-            {
-                return Archive.GetInputStream(Entry);
-            }
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Move a file with the name of a given hash to another in the cache archive.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="archive">The archive in use</param>
-        /// <param name="oldKey">The old key</param>
-        /// <param name="newKey">The new key</param>
-        private static void MoveEntry(ZipFile archive, Hash128 oldKey, Hash128 newKey)
-        {
-            ZipEntry oldGuestEntry = archive.GetEntry($"{oldKey}");
-
-            if (oldGuestEntry != null)
-            {
-                archive.Add(new StreamZipEntryDataSource(archive, oldGuestEntry), $"{newKey}", CompressionMethod.Deflated);
-                archive.Delete(oldGuestEntry);
-            }
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Recompute all the hashes of a given cache.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="guestBaseCacheDirectory">The guest cache directory path</param>
-        /// <param name="hostBaseCacheDirectory">The host cache directory path</param>
-        /// <param name="graphicsApi">The graphics api in use</param>
-        /// <param name="hashType">The hash type in use</param>
-        /// <param name="newVersion">The version to write in the host and guest manifest after migration</param>
-        private static void RecomputeHashes(string guestBaseCacheDirectory, string hostBaseCacheDirectory, CacheGraphicsApi graphicsApi, CacheHashType hashType, ulong newVersion)
-        {
-            string guestManifestPath = CacheHelper.GetManifestPath(guestBaseCacheDirectory);
-            string hostManifestPath = CacheHelper.GetManifestPath(hostBaseCacheDirectory);
-
-            if (CacheHelper.TryReadManifestFile(guestManifestPath, CacheGraphicsApi.Guest, hashType, out _, out HashSet<Hash128> guestEntries))
-            {
-                CacheHelper.TryReadManifestFile(hostManifestPath, graphicsApi, hashType, out _, out HashSet<Hash128> hostEntries);
-
-                Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, "Shader cache hashes need to be recomputed, performing migration...");
-
-                string guestArchivePath = CacheHelper.GetArchivePath(guestBaseCacheDirectory);
-                string hostArchivePath = CacheHelper.GetArchivePath(hostBaseCacheDirectory);
-
-                ZipFile guestArchive = new ZipFile(File.Open(guestArchivePath, FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.ReadWrite, FileShare.None));
-                ZipFile hostArchive = new ZipFile(File.Open(hostArchivePath, FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.ReadWrite, FileShare.None));
-
-                CacheHelper.EnsureArchiveUpToDate(guestBaseCacheDirectory, guestArchive, guestEntries);
-                CacheHelper.EnsureArchiveUpToDate(hostBaseCacheDirectory, hostArchive, hostEntries);
-
-                int programIndex = 0;
-
-                HashSet<Hash128> newEntries = new HashSet<Hash128>();
-
-                foreach (Hash128 oldHash in guestEntries)
-                {
-                    byte[] guestProgram = CacheHelper.ReadFromArchive(guestArchive, oldHash);
-
-                    Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, $"Migrating shader {oldHash} ({programIndex + 1} / {guestEntries.Count})");
-
-                    if (guestProgram != null)
-                    {
-                        ReadOnlySpan<byte> guestProgramReadOnlySpan = guestProgram;
-
-                        ReadOnlySpan<GuestShaderCacheEntry> cachedShaderEntries = GuestShaderCacheEntry.Parse(ref guestProgramReadOnlySpan, out GuestShaderCacheHeader fileHeader);
-
-                        TransformFeedbackDescriptor[] tfd = CacheHelper.ReadTransformFeedbackInformation(ref guestProgramReadOnlySpan, fileHeader);
-
-                        Hash128 newHash = CacheHelper.ComputeGuestHashFromCache(cachedShaderEntries, tfd);
-
-                        if (newHash != oldHash)
-                        {
-                            MoveEntry(guestArchive, oldHash, newHash);
-                            MoveEntry(hostArchive, oldHash, newHash);
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, $"Same hashes for shader {oldHash}");
-                        }
-
-                        newEntries.Add(newHash);
-                    }
-
-                    programIndex++;
-                }
-
-                byte[] newGuestManifestContent = CacheHelper.ComputeManifest(newVersion, CacheGraphicsApi.Guest, hashType, newEntries);
-                byte[] newHostManifestContent = CacheHelper.ComputeManifest(newVersion, graphicsApi, hashType, newEntries);
-
-                File.WriteAllBytes(guestManifestPath, newGuestManifestContent);
-                File.WriteAllBytes(hostManifestPath, newHostManifestContent);
-
-                guestArchive.CommitUpdate();
-                hostArchive.CommitUpdate();
-
-                guestArchive.Close();
-                hostArchive.Close();
-            }
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Check and run cache migration if needed.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="baseCacheDirectory">The base path of the cache</param>
-        /// <param name="graphicsApi">The graphics api in use</param>
-        /// <param name="hashType">The hash type in use</param>
-        /// <param name="shaderProvider">The shader provider name of the cache</param>
-        public static void Run(string baseCacheDirectory, CacheGraphicsApi graphicsApi, CacheHashType hashType, string shaderProvider)
-        {
-            string guestBaseCacheDirectory = CacheHelper.GenerateCachePath(baseCacheDirectory, CacheGraphicsApi.Guest, "", "program");
-            string hostBaseCacheDirectory = CacheHelper.GenerateCachePath(baseCacheDirectory, graphicsApi, shaderProvider, "host");
-
-            string guestArchivePath = CacheHelper.GetArchivePath(guestBaseCacheDirectory);
-            string hostArchivePath = CacheHelper.GetArchivePath(hostBaseCacheDirectory);
-
-            bool isReadOnly = CacheHelper.IsArchiveReadOnly(guestArchivePath) || CacheHelper.IsArchiveReadOnly(hostArchivePath);
-
-            if (!isReadOnly && CacheHelper.TryReadManifestHeader(CacheHelper.GetManifestPath(guestBaseCacheDirectory), out CacheManifestHeader header))
-            {
-                if (NeedHashRecompute(header.Version, out ulong newVersion))
-                {
-                    RecomputeHashes(guestBaseCacheDirectory, hostBaseCacheDirectory, graphicsApi, hashType, newVersion);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/Cache/Definition/HostShaderCacheEntry.cs

@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache.Definition
                 SBuffers,
                 Textures,
                 Images,
+                default,
                 Header.UseFlags.HasFlag(UseFlags.InstanceId),
                 Header.UseFlags.HasFlag(UseFlags.RtLayer),
                 Header.ClipDistancesWritten,
@@ -160,7 +161,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache.Definition
         /// <param name="programCode">The host shader program</param>
         /// <param name="codeHolders">The shaders code holder</param>
         /// <returns>Raw data of a new host shader cache file</returns>
-        internal static byte[] Create(ReadOnlySpan<byte> programCode, ShaderCodeHolder[] codeHolders)
+        internal static byte[] Create(ReadOnlySpan<byte> programCode, CachedShaderStage[] codeHolders)
         {
             HostShaderCacheHeader header = new HostShaderCacheHeader((byte)codeHolders.Length, programCode.Length);
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/Cache/Migration.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache.Definition;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Class handling shader cache migrations.
+    /// </summary>
+    static class Migration
+    {
+        // Last codegen version before the migration to the new cache.
+        private const ulong ShaderCodeGenVersion = 3054;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Migrates from the old cache format to the new one.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="context">GPU context</param>
+        /// <param name="hostStorage">Disk cache host storage (used to create the new shader files)</param>
+        /// <returns>Number of migrated shaders</returns>
+        public static int MigrateFromLegacyCache(GpuContext context, DiskCacheHostStorage hostStorage)
+        {
+            string baseCacheDirectory = CacheHelper.GetBaseCacheDirectory(GraphicsConfig.TitleId);
+            string cacheDirectory = CacheHelper.GenerateCachePath(baseCacheDirectory, CacheGraphicsApi.Guest, "", "program");
+
+            // If the directory does not exist, we have no old cache.
+            // Exist early as the CacheManager constructor will create the directories.
+            if (!Directory.Exists(cacheDirectory))
+            {
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            if (GraphicsConfig.EnableShaderCache && GraphicsConfig.TitleId != null)
+            {
+                CacheManager cacheManager = new CacheManager(CacheGraphicsApi.OpenGL, CacheHashType.XxHash128, "glsl", GraphicsConfig.TitleId, ShaderCodeGenVersion);
+
+                bool isReadOnly = cacheManager.IsReadOnly;
+
+                HashSet<Hash128> invalidEntries = null;
+
+                if (isReadOnly)
+                {
+                    Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, "Loading shader cache in read-only mode (cache in use by another program!)");
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    invalidEntries = new HashSet<Hash128>();
+                }
+
+                ReadOnlySpan<Hash128> guestProgramList = cacheManager.GetGuestProgramList();
+
+                for (int programIndex = 0; programIndex < guestProgramList.Length; programIndex++)
+                {
+                    Hash128 key = guestProgramList[programIndex];
+
+                    byte[] guestProgram = cacheManager.GetGuestProgramByHash(ref key);
+
+                    if (guestProgram == null)
+                    {
+                        Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, $"Ignoring orphan shader hash {key} in cache (is the cache incomplete?)");
+
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    ReadOnlySpan<byte> guestProgramReadOnlySpan = guestProgram;
+
+                    ReadOnlySpan<GuestShaderCacheEntry> cachedShaderEntries = GuestShaderCacheEntry.Parse(ref guestProgramReadOnlySpan, out GuestShaderCacheHeader fileHeader);
+
+                    if (cachedShaderEntries[0].Header.Stage == ShaderStage.Compute)
+                    {
+                        Debug.Assert(cachedShaderEntries.Length == 1);
+
+                        GuestShaderCacheEntry entry = cachedShaderEntries[0];
+
+                        byte[] code = entry.Code.AsSpan(0, entry.Header.Size - entry.Header.Cb1DataSize).ToArray();
+
+                        Span<byte> codeSpan = entry.Code;
+                        byte[] cb1Data = codeSpan.Slice(codeSpan.Length - entry.Header.Cb1DataSize).ToArray();
+
+                        ShaderProgramInfo info = new ShaderProgramInfo(
+                            Array.Empty<BufferDescriptor>(),
+                            Array.Empty<BufferDescriptor>(),
+                            Array.Empty<TextureDescriptor>(),
+                            Array.Empty<TextureDescriptor>(),
+                            ShaderStage.Compute,
+                            false,
+                            false,
+                            0,
+                            0);
+
+                        GpuChannelComputeState computeState = new GpuChannelComputeState(
+                            entry.Header.GpuAccessorHeader.ComputeLocalSizeX,
+                            entry.Header.GpuAccessorHeader.ComputeLocalSizeY,
+                            entry.Header.GpuAccessorHeader.ComputeLocalSizeZ,
+                            entry.Header.GpuAccessorHeader.ComputeLocalMemorySize,
+                            entry.Header.GpuAccessorHeader.ComputeSharedMemorySize);
+
+                        ShaderSpecializationState specState = new ShaderSpecializationState(computeState);
+
+                        foreach (var td in entry.TextureDescriptors)
+                        {
+                            var handle = td.Key;
+                            var data = td.Value;
+
+                            specState.RegisterTexture(
+                                0,
+                                handle,
+                                -1,
+                                data.UnpackFormat(),
+                                data.UnpackSrgb(),
+                                data.UnpackTextureTarget(),
+                                data.UnpackTextureCoordNormalized());
+                        }
+
+                        CachedShaderStage shader = new CachedShaderStage(info, code, cb1Data);
+                        CachedShaderProgram program = new CachedShaderProgram(null, specState, shader);
+
+                        hostStorage.AddShader(context, program, ReadOnlySpan<byte>.Empty);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Debug.Assert(cachedShaderEntries.Length == Constants.ShaderStages);
+
+                        CachedShaderStage[] shaders = new CachedShaderStage[Constants.ShaderStages + 1];
+                        List<ShaderProgram> shaderPrograms = new List<ShaderProgram>();
+
+                        TransformFeedbackDescriptorOld[] tfd = CacheHelper.ReadTransformFeedbackInformation(ref guestProgramReadOnlySpan, fileHeader);
+
+                        GuestShaderCacheEntry[] entries = cachedShaderEntries.ToArray();
+
+                        GuestGpuAccessorHeader accessorHeader = entries[0].Header.GpuAccessorHeader;
+
+                        TessMode tessMode = new TessMode();
+
+                        int tessPatchType = accessorHeader.TessellationModePacked & 3;
+                        int tessSpacing = (accessorHeader.TessellationModePacked >> 2) & 3;
+                        bool tessCw = (accessorHeader.TessellationModePacked & 0x10) != 0;
+
+                        tessMode.Packed = (uint)tessPatchType;
+                        tessMode.Packed |= (uint)(tessSpacing << 4);
+
+                        if (tessCw)
+                        {
+                            tessMode.Packed |= 0x100;
+                        }
+
+                        PrimitiveTopology topology = accessorHeader.PrimitiveTopology switch
+                        {
+                            InputTopology.Lines => PrimitiveTopology.Lines,
+                            InputTopology.LinesAdjacency => PrimitiveTopology.LinesAdjacency,
+                            InputTopology.Triangles => PrimitiveTopology.Triangles,
+                            InputTopology.TrianglesAdjacency => PrimitiveTopology.TrianglesAdjacency,
+                            _ => PrimitiveTopology.Points
+                        };
+
+                        GpuChannelGraphicsState graphicsState = new GpuChannelGraphicsState(
+                            accessorHeader.StateFlags.HasFlag(GuestGpuStateFlags.EarlyZForce),
+                            topology,
+                            tessMode);
+
+                        TransformFeedbackDescriptor[] tfdNew = null;
+
+                        if (tfd != null)
+                        {
+                            tfdNew = new TransformFeedbackDescriptor[tfd.Length];
+
+                            for (int tfIndex = 0; tfIndex < tfd.Length; tfIndex++)
+                            {
+                                Array32<uint> varyingLocations = new Array32<uint>();
+                                Span<byte> varyingLocationsSpan = MemoryMarshal.Cast<uint, byte>(varyingLocations.ToSpan());
+                                tfd[tfIndex].VaryingLocations.CopyTo(varyingLocationsSpan.Slice(0, tfd[tfIndex].VaryingLocations.Length));
+
+                                tfdNew[tfIndex] = new TransformFeedbackDescriptor(
+                                    tfd[tfIndex].BufferIndex,
+                                    tfd[tfIndex].Stride,
+                                    tfd[tfIndex].VaryingLocations.Length,
+                                    ref varyingLocations);
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        ShaderSpecializationState specState = new ShaderSpecializationState(graphicsState, tfdNew);
+
+                        for (int i = 0; i < entries.Length; i++)
+                        {
+                            GuestShaderCacheEntry entry = entries[i];
+
+                            if (entry == null)
+                            {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+
+                            ShaderProgramInfo info = new ShaderProgramInfo(
+                                Array.Empty<BufferDescriptor>(),
+                                Array.Empty<BufferDescriptor>(),
+                                Array.Empty<TextureDescriptor>(),
+                                Array.Empty<TextureDescriptor>(),
+                                (ShaderStage)(i + 1),
+                                false,
+                                false,
+                                0,
+                                0);
+
+                            // NOTE: Vertex B comes first in the shader cache.
+                            byte[] code = entry.Code.AsSpan(0, entry.Header.Size - entry.Header.Cb1DataSize).ToArray();
+                            byte[] code2 = entry.Header.SizeA != 0 ? entry.Code.AsSpan(entry.Header.Size, entry.Header.SizeA).ToArray() : null;
+
+                            Span<byte> codeSpan = entry.Code;
+                            byte[] cb1Data = codeSpan.Slice(codeSpan.Length - entry.Header.Cb1DataSize).ToArray();
+
+                            shaders[i + 1] = new CachedShaderStage(info, code, cb1Data);
+
+                            if (code2 != null)
+                            {
+                                shaders[0] = new CachedShaderStage(null, code2, cb1Data);
+                            }
+
+                            foreach (var td in entry.TextureDescriptors)
+                            {
+                                var handle = td.Key;
+                                var data = td.Value;
+
+                                specState.RegisterTexture(
+                                    i,
+                                    handle,
+                                    -1,
+                                    data.UnpackFormat(),
+                                    data.UnpackSrgb(),
+                                    data.UnpackTextureTarget(),
+                                    data.UnpackTextureCoordNormalized());
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        CachedShaderProgram program = new CachedShaderProgram(null, specState, shaders);
+
+                        hostStorage.AddShader(context, program, ReadOnlySpan<byte>.Empty);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return guestProgramList.Length;
+            }
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/Cache/TransformFeedbackDescriptorOld.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+using System;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache
+{
+    struct TransformFeedbackDescriptorOld
+    {
+        public int BufferIndex { get; }
+        public int Stride      { get; }
+
+        public byte[] VaryingLocations { get; }
+
+        public TransformFeedbackDescriptorOld(int bufferIndex, int stride, byte[] varyingLocations)
+        {
+            BufferIndex      = bufferIndex;
+            Stride           = stride;
+            VaryingLocations = varyingLocations ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(varyingLocations));
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/CachedGpuAccessor.cs

@@ -1,222 +0,0 @@
-using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache.Definition;
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
-
-namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
-{
-    class CachedGpuAccessor : TextureDescriptorCapableGpuAccessor, IGpuAccessor
-    {
-        private readonly ReadOnlyMemory<byte> _data;
-        private readonly ReadOnlyMemory<byte> _cb1Data;
-        private readonly GuestGpuAccessorHeader _header;
-        private readonly Dictionary<int, GuestTextureDescriptor> _textureDescriptors;
-        private readonly TransformFeedbackDescriptor[] _tfd;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Creates a new instance of the cached GPU state accessor for shader translation.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="context">GPU context</param>
-        /// <param name="data">The data of the shader</param>
-        /// <param name="cb1Data">The constant buffer 1 data of the shader</param>
-        /// <param name="header">The cache of the GPU accessor</param>
-        /// <param name="guestTextureDescriptors">The cache of the texture descriptors</param>
-        public CachedGpuAccessor(
-            GpuContext context,
-            ReadOnlyMemory<byte> data,
-            ReadOnlyMemory<byte> cb1Data,
-            GuestGpuAccessorHeader header,
-            IReadOnlyDictionary<int, GuestTextureDescriptor> guestTextureDescriptors,
-            TransformFeedbackDescriptor[] tfd) : base(context)
-        {
-            _data = data;
-            _cb1Data = cb1Data;
-            _header = header;
-            _textureDescriptors = new Dictionary<int, GuestTextureDescriptor>();
-
-            foreach (KeyValuePair<int, GuestTextureDescriptor> guestTextureDescriptor in guestTextureDescriptors)
-            {
-                _textureDescriptors.Add(guestTextureDescriptor.Key, guestTextureDescriptor.Value);
-            }
-
-            _tfd = tfd;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Reads data from the constant buffer 1.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="offset">Offset in bytes to read from</param>
-        /// <returns>Value at the given offset</returns>
-        public uint ConstantBuffer1Read(int offset)
-        {
-            return MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, uint>(_cb1Data.Span.Slice(offset))[0];
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Prints a log message.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="message">Message to print</param>
-        public void Log(string message)
-        {
-            Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, $"Shader translator: {message}");
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Gets a span of the specified memory location, containing shader code.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="address">GPU virtual address of the data</param>
-        /// <param name="minimumSize">Minimum size that the returned span may have</param>
-        /// <returns>Span of the memory location</returns>
-        public override ReadOnlySpan<ulong> GetCode(ulong address, int minimumSize)
-        {
-            return MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, ulong>(_data.Span.Slice((int)address));
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Checks if a given memory address is mapped.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="address">GPU virtual address to be checked</param>
-        /// <returns>True if the address is mapped, false otherwise</returns>
-        public bool MemoryMapped(ulong address)
-        {
-            return address < (ulong)_data.Length;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Queries Local Size X for compute shaders.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>Local Size X</returns>
-        public int QueryComputeLocalSizeX()
-        {
-            return _header.ComputeLocalSizeX;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Queries Local Size Y for compute shaders.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>Local Size Y</returns>
-        public int QueryComputeLocalSizeY()
-        {
-            return _header.ComputeLocalSizeY;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Queries Local Size Z for compute shaders.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>Local Size Z</returns>
-        public int QueryComputeLocalSizeZ()
-        {
-            return _header.ComputeLocalSizeZ;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Queries Local Memory size in bytes for compute shaders.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>Local Memory size in bytes</returns>
-        public int QueryComputeLocalMemorySize()
-        {
-            return _header.ComputeLocalMemorySize;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Queries Shared Memory size in bytes for compute shaders.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>Shared Memory size in bytes</returns>
-        public int QueryComputeSharedMemorySize()
-        {
-            return _header.ComputeSharedMemorySize;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Queries current primitive topology for geometry shaders.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>Current primitive topology</returns>
-        public InputTopology QueryPrimitiveTopology()
-        {
-            return _header.PrimitiveTopology;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Queries the tessellation evaluation shader primitive winding order.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>True if the primitive winding order is clockwise, false if counter-clockwise</returns>
-        public bool QueryTessCw()
-        {
-            return (_header.TessellationModePacked & 0x10) != 0;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Queries the tessellation evaluation shader abstract patch type.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>Abstract patch type</returns>
-        public TessPatchType QueryTessPatchType()
-        {
-            return (TessPatchType)(_header.TessellationModePacked & 3);
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Queries the tessellation evaluation shader spacing between tessellated vertices of the patch.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>Spacing between tessellated vertices of the patch</returns>
-        public TessSpacing QueryTessSpacing()
-        {
-            return (TessSpacing)((_header.TessellationModePacked >> 2) & 3);
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Gets the texture descriptor for a given texture on the pool.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="handle">Index of the texture (this is the word offset of the handle in the constant buffer)</param>
-        /// <param name="cbufSlot">Constant buffer slot for the texture handle</param>
-        /// <returns>Texture descriptor</returns>
-        public override Image.ITextureDescriptor GetTextureDescriptor(int handle, int cbufSlot)
-        {
-            if (!_textureDescriptors.TryGetValue(handle, out GuestTextureDescriptor textureDescriptor))
-            {
-                throw new ArgumentException();
-            }
-
-            return textureDescriptor;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Queries transform feedback enable state.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>True if the shader uses transform feedback, false otherwise</returns>
-        public bool QueryTransformFeedbackEnabled()
-        {
-            return _tfd != null;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Queries the varying locations that should be written to the transform feedback buffer.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="bufferIndex">Index of the transform feedback buffer</param>
-        /// <returns>Varying locations for the specified buffer</returns>
-        public ReadOnlySpan<byte> QueryTransformFeedbackVaryingLocations(int bufferIndex)
-        {
-            return _tfd[bufferIndex].VaryingLocations;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Queries the stride (in bytes) of the per vertex data written into the transform feedback buffer.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="bufferIndex">Index of the transform feedback buffer</param>
-        /// <returns>Stride for the specified buffer</returns>
-        public int QueryTransformFeedbackStride(int bufferIndex)
-        {
-            return _tfd[bufferIndex].Stride;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Queries if host state forces early depth testing.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>True if early depth testing is forced</returns>
-        public bool QueryEarlyZForce()
-        {
-            return (_header.StateFlags & GuestGpuStateFlags.EarlyZForce) != 0;
-        }
-    }
-}

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/CachedShaderProgram.cs

@@ -7,26 +7,33 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
     /// Represents a program composed of one or more shader stages (for graphics shaders),
     /// or a single shader (for compute shaders).
     /// </summary>
-    class ShaderBundle : IDisposable
+    class CachedShaderProgram : IDisposable
     {
         /// <summary>
         /// Host shader program object.
         /// </summary>
         public IProgram HostProgram { get; }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// GPU state used to create this version of the shader.
+        /// </summary>
+        public ShaderSpecializationState SpecializationState { get; }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Compiled shader for each shader stage.
         /// </summary>
-        public ShaderCodeHolder[] Shaders { get; }
+        public CachedShaderStage[] Shaders { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Creates a new instance of the shader bundle.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="hostProgram">Host program with all the shader stages</param>
+        /// <param name="specializationState">GPU state used to create this version of the shader</param>
         /// <param name="shaders">Shaders</param>
-        public ShaderBundle(IProgram hostProgram, params ShaderCodeHolder[] shaders)
+        public CachedShaderProgram(IProgram hostProgram, ShaderSpecializationState specializationState, params CachedShaderStage[] shaders)
         {
             HostProgram = hostProgram;
+            SpecializationState = specializationState;
             Shaders = shaders;
         }
 
@@ -36,11 +43,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         public void Dispose()
         {
             HostProgram.Dispose();
-
-            foreach (ShaderCodeHolder holder in Shaders)
-            {
-                holder?.HostShader?.Dispose();
-            }
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/CachedShaderStage.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Cached shader code for a single shader stage.
+    /// </summary>
+    class CachedShaderStage
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Shader program information.
+        /// </summary>
+        public ShaderProgramInfo Info { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Maxwell binary shader code.
+        /// </summary>
+        public byte[] Code { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Constant buffer 1 data accessed by the shader.
+        /// </summary>
+        public byte[] Cb1Data { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new instance of the shader code holder.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="info">Shader program information</param>
+        /// <param name="code">Maxwell binary shader code</param>
+        /// <param name="cb1Data">Constant buffer 1 data accessed by the shader</param>
+        public CachedShaderStage(ShaderProgramInfo info, byte[] code, byte[] cb1Data)
+        {
+            Info = info;
+            Code = code;
+            Cb1Data = cb1Data;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/ComputeShaderCacheHashTable.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.HashTable;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Compute shader cache hash table.
+    /// </summary>
+    class ComputeShaderCacheHashTable
+    {
+        private readonly PartitionedHashTable<ShaderSpecializationList> _cache;
+        private readonly List<CachedShaderProgram> _shaderPrograms;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new compute shader cache hash table.
+        /// </summary>
+        public ComputeShaderCacheHashTable()
+        {
+            _cache = new PartitionedHashTable<ShaderSpecializationList>();
+            _shaderPrograms = new List<CachedShaderProgram>();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds a program to the cache.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="program">Program to be added</param>
+        public void Add(CachedShaderProgram program)
+        {
+            var specList = _cache.GetOrAdd(program.Shaders[0].Code, new ShaderSpecializationList());
+            specList.Add(program);
+            _shaderPrograms.Add(program);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Tries to find a cached program.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="channel">GPU channel</param>
+        /// <param name="poolState">Texture pool state</param>
+        /// <param name="gpuVa">GPU virtual address of the compute shader</param>
+        /// <param name="program">Cached host program for the given state, if found</param>
+        /// <param name="cachedGuestCode">Cached guest code, if any found</param>
+        /// <returns>True if a cached host program was found, false otherwise</returns>
+        public bool TryFind(
+            GpuChannel channel,
+            GpuChannelPoolState poolState,
+            ulong gpuVa,
+            out CachedShaderProgram program,
+            out byte[] cachedGuestCode)
+        {
+            program = null;
+            ShaderCodeAccessor codeAccessor = new ShaderCodeAccessor(channel.MemoryManager, gpuVa);
+            bool hasSpecList = _cache.TryFindItem(codeAccessor, out var specList, out cachedGuestCode);
+            return hasSpecList && specList.TryFindForCompute(channel, poolState, out program);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets all programs that have been added to the table.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>Programs added to the table</returns>
+        public IEnumerable<CachedShaderProgram> GetPrograms()
+        {
+            foreach (var program in _shaderPrograms)
+            {
+                yield return program;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/DiskCache/BackgroundDiskCacheWriter.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Represents a background disk cache writer.
+    /// </summary>
+    class BackgroundDiskCacheWriter : IDisposable
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Possible operation to do on the <see cref="_fileWriterWorkerQueue"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        private enum CacheFileOperation
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Operation to add a shader to the cache.
+            /// </summary>
+            AddShader
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Represents an operation to perform on the <see cref="_fileWriterWorkerQueue"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        private struct CacheFileOperationTask
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// The type of operation to perform.
+            /// </summary>
+            public readonly CacheFileOperation Type;
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// The data associated to this operation or null.
+            /// </summary>
+            public readonly object Data;
+
+            public CacheFileOperationTask(CacheFileOperation type, object data)
+            {
+                Type = type;
+                Data = data;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Background shader cache write information.
+        /// </summary>
+        private struct AddShaderData
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Cached shader program.
+            /// </summary>
+            public readonly CachedShaderProgram Program;
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Binary host code.
+            /// </summary>
+            public readonly byte[] HostCode;
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Creates a new background shader cache write information.
+            /// </summary>
+            /// <param name="program">Cached shader program</param>
+            /// <param name="hostCode">Binary host code</param>
+            public AddShaderData(CachedShaderProgram program, byte[] hostCode)
+            {
+                Program = program;
+                HostCode = hostCode;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private readonly GpuContext _context;
+        private readonly DiskCacheHostStorage _hostStorage;
+        private readonly AsyncWorkQueue<CacheFileOperationTask> _fileWriterWorkerQueue;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new background disk cache writer.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="context">GPU context</param>
+        /// <param name="hostStorage">Disk cache host storage</param>
+        public BackgroundDiskCacheWriter(GpuContext context, DiskCacheHostStorage hostStorage)
+        {
+            _context = context;
+            _hostStorage = hostStorage;
+            _fileWriterWorkerQueue = new AsyncWorkQueue<CacheFileOperationTask>(ProcessTask, "Gpu.BackgroundDiskCacheWriter");
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Processes a shader cache background operation.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="task">Task to process</param>
+        private void ProcessTask(CacheFileOperationTask task)
+        {
+            switch (task.Type)
+            {
+                case CacheFileOperation.AddShader:
+                    AddShaderData data = (AddShaderData)task.Data;
+                    try
+                    {
+                        _hostStorage.AddShader(_context, data.Program, data.HostCode);
+                    }
+                    catch (DiskCacheLoadException diskCacheLoadException)
+                    {
+                        Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, $"Error writing shader to disk cache. {diskCacheLoadException.Message}");
+                    }
+                    catch (IOException ioException)
+                    {
+                        Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, $"Error writing shader to disk cache. {ioException.Message}");
+                    }
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds a shader program to be cached in the background.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="program">Shader program to cache</param>
+        /// <param name="hostCode">Host binary code of the program</param>
+        public void AddShader(CachedShaderProgram program, byte[] hostCode)
+        {
+            _fileWriterWorkerQueue.Add(new CacheFileOperationTask(CacheFileOperation.AddShader, new AddShaderData(program, hostCode)));
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            Dispose(true);
+        }
+
+        protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
+        {
+            if (disposing)
+            {
+                _fileWriterWorkerQueue.Dispose();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/DiskCache/BinarySerializer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using System.IO.Compression;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Binary data serializer.
+    /// </summary>
+    struct BinarySerializer
+    {
+        private readonly Stream _stream;
+        private Stream _activeStream;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new binary serializer.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="stream">Stream to read from or write into</param>
+        public BinarySerializer(Stream stream)
+        {
+            _stream = stream;
+            _activeStream = stream;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads data from the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">Type of the data</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="data">Data read</param>
+        public void Read<T>(ref T data) where T : unmanaged
+        {
+            Span<byte> buffer = MemoryMarshal.Cast<T, byte>(MemoryMarshal.CreateSpan(ref data, 1));
+            for (int offset = 0; offset < buffer.Length;)
+            {
+                offset += _activeStream.Read(buffer.Slice(offset));
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Tries to read data from the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">Type of the data</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="data">Data read</param>
+        /// <returns>True if the read was successful, false otherwise</returns>
+        public bool TryRead<T>(ref T data) where T : unmanaged
+        {
+            // Length is unknown on compressed streams.
+            if (_activeStream == _stream)
+            {
+                int size = Unsafe.SizeOf<T>();
+                if (_activeStream.Length - _activeStream.Position < size)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            Read(ref data);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads data prefixed with a magic and size from the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">Type of the data</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="data">Data read</param>
+        /// <param name="magic">Expected magic value, for validation</param>
+        public void ReadWithMagicAndSize<T>(ref T data, uint magic) where T : unmanaged
+        {
+            uint actualMagic = 0;
+            int size = 0;
+            Read(ref actualMagic);
+            Read(ref size);
+
+            if (actualMagic != magic)
+            {
+                throw new DiskCacheLoadException(DiskCacheLoadResult.FileCorruptedInvalidMagic);
+            }
+
+            // Structs are expected to expand but not shrink between versions.
+            if (size > Unsafe.SizeOf<T>())
+            {
+                throw new DiskCacheLoadException(DiskCacheLoadResult.FileCorruptedInvalidLength);
+            }
+
+            Span<byte> buffer = MemoryMarshal.Cast<T, byte>(MemoryMarshal.CreateSpan(ref data, 1)).Slice(0, size);
+            for (int offset = 0; offset < buffer.Length;)
+            {
+                offset += _activeStream.Read(buffer.Slice(offset));
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes data into the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">Type of the data</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="data">Data to be written</param>
+        public void Write<T>(ref T data) where T : unmanaged
+        {
+            Span<byte> buffer = MemoryMarshal.Cast<T, byte>(MemoryMarshal.CreateSpan(ref data, 1));
+            _activeStream.Write(buffer);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes data prefixed with a magic and size into the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">Type of the data</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="data">Data to write</param>
+        /// <param name="magic">Magic value to write</param>
+        public void WriteWithMagicAndSize<T>(ref T data, uint magic) where T : unmanaged
+        {
+            int size = Unsafe.SizeOf<T>();
+            Write(ref magic);
+            Write(ref size);
+            Span<byte> buffer = MemoryMarshal.Cast<T, byte>(MemoryMarshal.CreateSpan(ref data, 1));
+            _activeStream.Write(buffer);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Indicates that all data that will be read from the stream has been compressed.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void BeginCompression()
+        {
+            CompressionAlgorithm algorithm = CompressionAlgorithm.None;
+            Read(ref algorithm);
+
+            if (algorithm == CompressionAlgorithm.Deflate)
+            {
+                _activeStream = new DeflateStream(_stream, CompressionMode.Decompress, true);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Indicates that all data that will be written into the stream should be compressed.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="algorithm">Compression algorithm that should be used</param>
+        public void BeginCompression(CompressionAlgorithm algorithm)
+        {
+            Write(ref algorithm);
+
+            if (algorithm == CompressionAlgorithm.Deflate)
+            {
+                _activeStream = new DeflateStream(_stream, CompressionLevel.SmallestSize, true);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Indicates the end of a compressed chunck.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// Any data written after this will not be compressed unless <see cref="BeginCompression(CompressionAlgorithm)"/> is called again.
+        /// Any data read after this will be assumed to be uncompressed unless <see cref="BeginCompression"/> is called again.
+        /// </remarks>
+        public void EndCompression()
+        {
+            if (_activeStream != _stream)
+            {
+                _activeStream.Dispose();
+                _activeStream = _stream;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads compressed data from the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// <paramref name="data"/> must have the exact length of the uncompressed data,
+        /// otherwise decompression will fail.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="stream">Stream to read from</param>
+        /// <param name="data">Buffer to write the uncompressed data into</param>
+        public static void ReadCompressed(Stream stream, Span<byte> data)
+        {
+            CompressionAlgorithm algorithm = (CompressionAlgorithm)stream.ReadByte();
+
+            switch (algorithm)
+            {
+                case CompressionAlgorithm.None:
+                    stream.Read(data);
+                    break;
+                case CompressionAlgorithm.Deflate:
+                    stream = new DeflateStream(stream, CompressionMode.Decompress, true);
+                    for (int offset = 0; offset < data.Length;)
+                    {
+                        offset += stream.Read(data.Slice(offset));
+                    }
+                    stream.Dispose();
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Compresses and writes the compressed data into the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="stream">Stream to write into</param>
+        /// <param name="data">Data to compress</param>
+        /// <param name="algorithm">Compression algorithm to be used</param>
+        public static void WriteCompressed(Stream stream, ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, CompressionAlgorithm algorithm)
+        {
+            stream.WriteByte((byte)algorithm);
+
+            switch (algorithm)
+            {
+                case CompressionAlgorithm.None:
+                    stream.Write(data);
+                    break;
+                case CompressionAlgorithm.Deflate:
+                    stream = new DeflateStream(stream, CompressionLevel.SmallestSize, true);
+                    stream.Write(data);
+                    stream.Dispose();
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}