Revert address space mirror changes

We must also do the unmap operation with the RWLock, otherwise faults on the unmapped region will cause crashes and the whole thing becomes pointless

ARMeilleure/Decoders/Decoder.cs

@@ -251,6 +251,13 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
                 return false;
             }
 
+            // Compare and branch instructions are always conditional.
+            if (opCode.Instruction.Name == InstName.Cbz ||
+                opCode.Instruction.Name == InstName.Cbnz)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
             // Note: On ARM32, most instructions have conditional execution,
             // so there's no "Always" (unconditional) branch like on ARM64.
             // We need to check if the condition is "Always" instead.

ARMeilleure/Decoders/IOpCode32Mem.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
     interface IOpCode32Mem : IOpCode32
     {
         int Rt { get; }
+        int Rt2 => Rt | 1;
         int Rn { get; }
 
         bool WBack { get; }

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeT16Adr.cs

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
     {
         public int Rd { get; }
 
-        public bool Add => true;
         public int Immediate { get; }
 
         public new static OpCode Create(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) => new OpCodeT16Adr(inst, address, opCode);

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeT32AluImm12.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
+{
+    class OpCodeT32AluImm12 : OpCodeT32Alu, IOpCode32AluImm
+    {
+        public int Immediate { get; }
+
+        public bool IsRotated => false;
+
+        public new static OpCode Create(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) => new OpCodeT32AluImm12(inst, address, opCode);
+
+        public OpCodeT32AluImm12(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) : base(inst, address, opCode)
+        {
+            Immediate = (opCode & 0xff) | ((opCode >> 4) & 0x700) | ((opCode >> 15) & 0x800);
+        }
+    }
+}

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeT32AluReg.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
+{
+    class OpCodeT32AluReg : OpCodeT32Alu, IOpCode32AluReg
+    {
+        public int Rm { get; }
+
+        public new static OpCode Create(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) => new OpCodeT32AluReg(inst, address, opCode);
+
+        public OpCodeT32AluReg(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) : base(inst, address, opCode)
+        {
+            Rm = (opCode >> 0) & 0xf;
+        }
+    }
+}

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeT32MemImm8D.cs

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
             Add   = ((opCode >> 23) & 1) != 0;
             WBack = ((opCode >> 21) & 1) != 0;
 
-            Immediate = opCode & 0xff;
+            Immediate = (opCode & 0xff) << 2;
 
             IsLoad = ((opCode >> 20) & 1) != 0;
         }

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeT32MovImm16.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+using ARMeilleure.Common;
+using System.Runtime.Intrinsics;
+
+namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
+{
+    class OpCodeT32MovImm16 : OpCodeT32Alu, IOpCode32AluImm
+    {
+        public int Immediate { get; }
+
+        public bool IsRotated => false;
+
+        public new static OpCode Create(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) => new OpCodeT32MovImm16(inst, address, opCode);
+
+        public OpCodeT32MovImm16(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) : base(inst, address, opCode)
+        {
+            Immediate = (opCode & 0xff) | ((opCode >> 4) & 0x700) | ((opCode >> 15) & 0x800) | ((opCode >> 4) & 0xf000);
+        }
+    }
+}

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeT32ShiftReg.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
+{
+    class OpCodeT32ShiftReg : OpCodeT32Alu, IOpCode32AluRsReg
+    {
+        public int Rm => Rn;
+        public int Rs { get; }
+
+        public ShiftType ShiftType { get; }
+
+        public new static OpCode Create(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) => new OpCodeT32ShiftReg(inst, address, opCode);
+
+        public OpCodeT32ShiftReg(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) : base(inst, address, opCode)
+        {
+            Rs = (opCode >> 0) & 0xf;
+
+            ShiftType = (ShiftType)((opCode >> 21) & 3);
+        }
+    }
+}

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeT32Tb.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
+{
+    class OpCodeT32Tb : OpCodeT32, IOpCode32BReg
+    {
+        public int Rm { get; }
+        public int Rn { get; }
+
+        public new static OpCode Create(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) => new OpCodeT32Tb(inst, address, opCode);
+
+        public OpCodeT32Tb(InstDescriptor inst, ulong address, int opCode) : base(inst, address, opCode)
+        {
+            Rm = (opCode >> 0) & 0xf;
+            Rn = (opCode >> 16) & 0xf;
+        }
+    }
+}

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeTable.cs

@@ -1021,7 +1021,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
             SetT16("01000101xxxxxxxx", InstName.Cmp,    InstEmit32.Cmp,     OpCodeT16AluRegHigh.Create);
             SetT16("01000110xxxxxxxx", InstName.Mov,    InstEmit32.Mov,     OpCodeT16AluRegHigh.Create);
             SetT16("010001110xxxx000", InstName.Bx,     InstEmit32.Bx,      OpCodeT16BReg.Create);
-            SetT16("010001111xxxx000", InstName.Blx,    InstEmit32.Blx,     OpCodeT16BReg.Create);
+            SetT16("010001111xxxx000", InstName.Blx,    InstEmit32.Blxr,    OpCodeT16BReg.Create);
             SetT16("01001xxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldr,    InstEmit32.Ldr,     OpCodeT16MemLit.Create);
             SetT16("0101000xxxxxxxxx", InstName.Str,    InstEmit32.Str,     OpCodeT16MemReg.Create);
             SetT16("0101001xxxxxxxxx", InstName.Strh,   InstEmit32.Strh,    OpCodeT16MemReg.Create);
@@ -1069,6 +1069,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
             SetT32("11110x01010xxxxx0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Adc,      InstEmit32.Adc,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
             SetT32("11101011000<xxxx0xxx<<<<xxxxxxxx", InstName.Add,      InstEmit32.Add,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
             SetT32("11110x01000<xxxx0xxx<<<<xxxxxxxx", InstName.Add,      InstEmit32.Add,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x100000xxxx0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Add,      InstEmit32.Add,      OpCodeT32AluImm12.Create);
             SetT32("11101010000<xxxx0xxx<<<<xxxxxxxx", InstName.And,      InstEmit32.And,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
             SetT32("11110x00000<xxxx0xxx<<<<xxxxxxxx", InstName.And,      InstEmit32.And,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
             SetT32("11110x<<<xxxxxxx10x0xxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.B,        InstEmit32.B,        OpCodeT32BImm20.Create);
@@ -1077,12 +1078,14 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
             SetT32("11110x00001xxxxx0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Bic,      InstEmit32.Bic,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
             SetT32("11110xxxxxxxxxxx11x1xxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Bl,       InstEmit32.Bl,       OpCodeT32BImm24.Create);
             SetT32("11110xxxxxxxxxxx11x0xxxxxxxxxxx0", InstName.Blx,      InstEmit32.Blx,      OpCodeT32BImm24.Create);
+            SetT32("111110101011xxxx1111xxxx1000xxxx", InstName.Clz,      InstEmit32.Clz,      OpCodeT32AluReg.Create);
             SetT32("111010110001xxxx0xxx1111xxxxxxxx", InstName.Cmn,      InstEmit32.Cmn,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
             SetT32("11110x010001xxxx0xxx1111xxxxxxxx", InstName.Cmn,      InstEmit32.Cmn,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
             SetT32("111010111011xxxx0xxx1111xxxxxxxx", InstName.Cmp,      InstEmit32.Cmp,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
             SetT32("11110x011011xxxx0xxx1111xxxxxxxx", InstName.Cmp,      InstEmit32.Cmp,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
             SetT32("11101010100<xxxx0xxx<<<<xxxxxxxx", InstName.Eor,      InstEmit32.Eor,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
             SetT32("11110x00100<xxxx0xxx<<<<xxxxxxxx", InstName.Eor,      InstEmit32.Eor,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("111010001101xxxxxxxx111110101111", InstName.Lda,      InstEmit32.Lda,      OpCodeT32MemLdEx.Create);
             SetT32("111010001101xxxxxxxx111111101111", InstName.Ldaex,    InstEmit32.Ldaex,    OpCodeT32MemLdEx.Create);
             SetT32("1110100010x1xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldm,      InstEmit32.Ldm,      OpCodeT32MemMult.Create);
             SetT32("1110100100x1xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldm,      InstEmit32.Ldm,      OpCodeT32MemMult.Create);
@@ -1095,7 +1098,8 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
             SetT32("111110000001xxxx<<<<1100xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrb,     InstEmit32.Ldrb,     OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
             SetT32("111110000001xxxx<<<<11x1xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrb,     InstEmit32.Ldrb,     OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
             SetT32("111110001001xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrb,     InstEmit32.Ldrb,     OpCodeT32MemImm12.Create);
-            SetT32("1110100>x1>1<<<<xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrd,     InstEmit32.Ldrd,     OpCodeT32MemImm8D.Create);
+            SetT32("11101000x111<<<<xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrd,     InstEmit32.Ldrd,     OpCodeT32MemImm8D.Create);
+            SetT32("11101001x1x1<<<<xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrd,     InstEmit32.Ldrd,     OpCodeT32MemImm8D.Create);
             SetT32("111110000011xxxx<<<<10x1xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrh,     InstEmit32.Ldrh,     OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
             SetT32("111110000011xxxx<<<<1100xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrh,     InstEmit32.Ldrh,     OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
             SetT32("111110000011xxxx<<<<11x1xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrh,     InstEmit32.Ldrh,     OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
@@ -1109,9 +1113,12 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
             SetT32("111110010011xxxx<<<<11x1xxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrsh,    InstEmit32.Ldrsh,    OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
             SetT32("111110011011xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Ldrsh,    InstEmit32.Ldrsh,    OpCodeT32MemImm12.Create);
             SetT32("11101010010x11110xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Mov,      InstEmit32.Mov,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
+            SetT32("111110100xxxxxxx1111xxxx0000xxxx", InstName.Mov,      InstEmit32.Mov,      OpCodeT32ShiftReg.Create);
             SetT32("11110x00010x11110xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Mov,      InstEmit32.Mov,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110x100100xxxx0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Mov,      InstEmit32.Mov,      OpCodeT32MovImm16.Create);
             SetT32("11101010011x11110xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Mvn,      InstEmit32.Mvn,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
             SetT32("11110x00011x11110xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Mvn,      InstEmit32.Mvn,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("11110011101011111000000000000000", InstName.Nop,      InstEmit32.Nop,      OpCodeT32.Create);
             SetT32("11101010011x<<<<0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Orn,      InstEmit32.Orn,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
             SetT32("11110x00011x<<<<0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Orn,      InstEmit32.Orn,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
             SetT32("11101010010x<<<<0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Orr,      InstEmit32.Orr,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
@@ -1128,11 +1135,14 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
             SetT32("111110000100<<<<xxxx000000xxxxxx", InstName.Str,      InstEmit32.Str,      OpCodeT32MemRsImm.Create);
             SetT32("111110000000xxxxxxxx1<<>xxxxxxxx", InstName.Strb,     InstEmit32.Strb,     OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
             SetT32("111110001000xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Strb,     InstEmit32.Strb,     OpCodeT32MemImm12.Create);
-            SetT32("1110100>x1>0<<<<xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Strd,     InstEmit32.Strd,     OpCodeT32MemImm8D.Create);
+            SetT32("11101000x110<<<<xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Strd,     InstEmit32.Strd,     OpCodeT32MemImm8D.Create);
+            SetT32("11101001x1x0<<<<xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Strd,     InstEmit32.Strd,     OpCodeT32MemImm8D.Create);
             SetT32("111110000010xxxxxxxx1<<>xxxxxxxx", InstName.Strh,     InstEmit32.Strh,     OpCodeT32MemImm8.Create);
             SetT32("111110001010xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Strh,     InstEmit32.Strh,     OpCodeT32MemImm12.Create);
             SetT32("11101011101<xxxx0xxx<<<<xxxxxxxx", InstName.Sub,      InstEmit32.Sub,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
             SetT32("11110x01101<xxxx0xxx<<<<xxxxxxxx", InstName.Sub,      InstEmit32.Sub,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
+            SetT32("111010001101xxxx111100000000xxxx", InstName.Tbb,      InstEmit32.Tbb,      OpCodeT32Tb.Create);
+            SetT32("111010001101xxxx111100000001xxxx", InstName.Tbh,      InstEmit32.Tbh,      OpCodeT32Tb.Create);
             SetT32("111010101001xxxx0xxx1111xxxxxxxx", InstName.Teq,      InstEmit32.Teq,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);
             SetT32("11110x001001xxxx0xxx1111xxxxxxxx", InstName.Teq,      InstEmit32.Teq,      OpCodeT32AluImm.Create);
             SetT32("111010100001xxxx0xxx1111xxxxxxxx", InstName.Tst,      InstEmit32.Tst,      OpCodeT32AluRsImm.Create);

ARMeilleure/Instructions/InstEmitFlow32.cs

@@ -107,5 +107,30 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
 
             context.SetIfThenBlockState(op.IfThenBlockConds);
         }
+
+        public static void Tbb(ArmEmitterContext context) => EmitTb(context, halfword: false);
+        public static void Tbh(ArmEmitterContext context)  => EmitTb(context, halfword: true);
+
+        private static void EmitTb(ArmEmitterContext context, bool halfword)
+        {
+            OpCodeT32Tb op = (OpCodeT32Tb)context.CurrOp;
+
+            Operand halfwords;
+
+            if (halfword)
+            {
+                Operand address = context.Add(GetIntA32(context, op.Rn), context.ShiftLeft(GetIntA32(context, op.Rm), Const(1)));
+                halfwords = InstEmitMemoryHelper.EmitReadInt(context, address, 1);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Operand address = context.Add(GetIntA32(context, op.Rn), GetIntA32(context, op.Rm));
+                halfwords = InstEmitMemoryHelper.EmitReadIntAligned(context, address, 0);
+            }
+
+            Operand targetAddress = context.Add(Const((int)op.GetPc()), context.ShiftLeft(halfwords, Const(1)));
+
+            EmitVirtualJump(context, targetAddress, isReturn: false);
+        }
     }
 }

ARMeilleure/Instructions/InstEmitMemory32.cs

@@ -205,13 +205,13 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
                     context.BranchIfTrue(lblBigEndian, GetFlag(PState.EFlag));
 
                     Load(op.Rt, 0, WordSizeLog2);
-                    Load(op.Rt | 1, 4, WordSizeLog2);
+                    Load(op.Rt2, 4, WordSizeLog2);
 
                     context.Branch(lblEnd);
 
                     context.MarkLabel(lblBigEndian);
 
-                    Load(op.Rt | 1, 0, WordSizeLog2);
+                    Load(op.Rt2, 0, WordSizeLog2);
                     Load(op.Rt, 4, WordSizeLog2);
 
                     context.MarkLabel(lblEnd);
@@ -238,13 +238,13 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
                     context.BranchIfTrue(lblBigEndian, GetFlag(PState.EFlag));
 
                     Store(op.Rt, 0, WordSizeLog2);
-                    Store(op.Rt | 1, 4, WordSizeLog2);
+                    Store(op.Rt2, 4, WordSizeLog2);
 
                     context.Branch(lblEnd);
 
                     context.MarkLabel(lblBigEndian);
 
-                    Store(op.Rt | 1, 0, WordSizeLog2);
+                    Store(op.Rt2, 0, WordSizeLog2);
                     Store(op.Rt, 4, WordSizeLog2);
 
                     context.MarkLabel(lblEnd);

ARMeilleure/Instructions/InstEmitMemoryHelper.cs

@@ -123,6 +123,41 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
                    context.CurrOp is OpCodeSimdMemSs);
         }
 
+        public static Operand EmitReadInt(ArmEmitterContext context, Operand address, int size)
+        {
+            Operand temp = context.AllocateLocal(size == 3 ? OperandType.I64 : OperandType.I32);
+
+            Operand lblSlowPath = Label();
+            Operand lblEnd      = Label();
+
+            Operand physAddr = EmitPtPointerLoad(context, address, lblSlowPath, write: false, size);
+
+            Operand value = default;
+
+            switch (size)
+            {
+                case 0: value = context.Load8 (physAddr);                  break;
+                case 1: value = context.Load16(physAddr);                  break;
+                case 2: value = context.Load  (OperandType.I32, physAddr); break;
+                case 3: value = context.Load  (OperandType.I64, physAddr); break;
+            }
+
+            context.Copy(temp, value);
+
+            if (!context.Memory.Type.IsHostMapped())
+            {
+                context.Branch(lblEnd);
+
+                context.MarkLabel(lblSlowPath, BasicBlockFrequency.Cold);
+
+                context.Copy(temp, EmitReadIntFallback(context, address, size));
+
+                context.MarkLabel(lblEnd);
+            }
+
+            return temp;
+        }
+
         private static void EmitReadInt(ArmEmitterContext context, Operand address, int rt, int size)
         {
             Operand lblSlowPath = Label();
@@ -419,6 +454,11 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
         }
 
         private static void EmitReadIntFallback(ArmEmitterContext context, Operand address, int rt, int size)
+        {
+            SetInt(context, rt, EmitReadIntFallback(context, address, size));
+        }
+
+        private static Operand EmitReadIntFallback(ArmEmitterContext context, Operand address, int size)
         {
             MethodInfo info = null;
 
@@ -430,7 +470,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
                 case 3: info = typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.ReadUInt64)); break;
             }
 
-            SetInt(context, rt, context.Call(info, address));
+            return context.Call(info, address);
         }
 
         private static void EmitReadVectorFallback(

ARMeilleure/Instructions/InstName.cs

@@ -545,6 +545,8 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
         Strexh,
         Strh,
         Sxtb16,
+        Tbb,
+        Tbh,
         Teq,
         Trap,
         Tst,

ARMeilleure/Translation/PTC/Ptc.cs

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
         private const string OuterHeaderMagicString = "PTCohd\0\0";
         private const string InnerHeaderMagicString = "PTCihd\0\0";
 
-        private const uint InternalVersion = 3677; //! To be incremented manually for each change to the ARMeilleure project.
+        private const uint InternalVersion = 3683; //! To be incremented manually for each change to the ARMeilleure project.
 
         private const string ActualDir = "0";
         private const string BackupDir = "1";

README.md

@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@
 
 ## Compatibility
 
-As of January 2022, Ryujinx has been tested on approximately 3,500 titles; over 3,200 boot past menus and into gameplay, with roughly 2,500 of those being considered playable.
-You can check out the compatibility list [here](https://github.com/Ryujinx/Ryujinx-Games-List/issues). Anyone is free to submit an updated test on an existing game entry; simply follow the new issue template and testing guidelines, or post as a reply to the applicable game issue. Use the search function to see if a game has been tested already!
+As of September 2022, Ryujinx has been tested on approximately 3,600 titles; over 3,400 boot past menus and into gameplay, with roughly 2,700 of those being considered playable. You can check out the compatibility list [here](https://github.com/Ryujinx/Ryujinx-Games-List/issues).  
+Anyone is free to submit a new game test or update an existing game test entry; simply follow the new issue template and testing guidelines, or post as a reply to the applicable game issue. Use the search function to see if a game has been tested already!
 
 ## Usage
 
@@ -118,11 +118,11 @@ If you'd like to support the project financially, Ryujinx has an active Patreon
     <img src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/560c1d39e4b0b4fae0c9cf2a/1567548955044-WVD994WZP76EWF15T0L3/Patreon+Button.png?format=500w" width="150">
 </a>
 
-All the developers working on the project do so on their free time, but the project has several expenses:
+All developers working on the project do so in their free time, but the project has several expenses:
 * Hackable Nintendo Switch consoles to reverse-engineer the hardware
 * Additional computer hardware for testing purposes (e.g. GPUs to diagnose graphical bugs, etc.)
-* Licenses for various software development tools (e.g. Jetbrains, LDN servers, IDA)
-* Web hosting and infrastructure maintenance
+* Licenses for various software development tools (e.g. Jetbrains, IDA)
+* Web hosting and infrastructure maintenance (e.g. LDN servers)
 
 All funds received through Patreon are considered a donation to support the project. Patrons receive early access to progress reports and exclusive access to developer interviews.
 

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/AudioRenderSystem.cs

@@ -55,7 +55,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
         private uint _processHandle;
         private ulong _appletResourceId;
 
-        private WritableRegion _workBufferRegion;
         private MemoryHandle _workBufferMemoryPin;
 
         private Memory<float> _mixBuffer;
@@ -98,7 +97,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
             _sessionId = 0;
         }
 
-        public ResultCode Initialize(ref AudioRendererConfiguration parameter, uint processHandle, CpuAddress workBuffer, ulong workBufferSize, int sessionId, ulong appletResourceId, IVirtualMemoryManager memoryManager)
+        public ResultCode Initialize(
+            ref AudioRendererConfiguration parameter,
+            uint processHandle,
+            Memory<byte> workBufferMemory,
+            CpuAddress workBuffer,
+            ulong workBufferSize,
+            int sessionId,
+            ulong appletResourceId,
+            IVirtualMemoryManager memoryManager)
         {
             if (!BehaviourContext.CheckValidRevision(parameter.Revision))
             {
@@ -134,11 +141,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
 
             WorkBufferAllocator workBufferAllocator;
 
-            _workBufferRegion = MemoryManager.GetWritableRegion(workBuffer, (int)workBufferSize);
-            _workBufferRegion.Memory.Span.Fill(0);
-            _workBufferMemoryPin = _workBufferRegion.Memory.Pin();
+            workBufferMemory.Span.Fill(0);
+            _workBufferMemoryPin = workBufferMemory.Pin();
 
-            workBufferAllocator = new WorkBufferAllocator(_workBufferRegion.Memory);
+            workBufferAllocator = new WorkBufferAllocator(workBufferMemory);
 
             PoolMapper poolMapper = new PoolMapper(processHandle, false);
             poolMapper.InitializeSystemPool(ref _dspMemoryPoolState, workBuffer, workBufferSize);
@@ -841,7 +847,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
                 _manager.Unregister(this);
                 _terminationEvent.Dispose();
                 _workBufferMemoryPin.Dispose();
-                _workBufferRegion.Dispose();
 
                 if (MemoryManager is IRefCounted rc)
                 {

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/AudioRendererManager.cs

@@ -305,13 +305,34 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
         /// <param name="workBufferSize">The guest work buffer size.</param>
         /// <param name="processHandle">The process handle of the application.</param>
         /// <returns>A <see cref="ResultCode"/> reporting an error or a success.</returns>
-        public ResultCode OpenAudioRenderer(out AudioRenderSystem renderer, IVirtualMemoryManager memoryManager, ref AudioRendererConfiguration parameter, ulong appletResourceUserId, ulong workBufferAddress, ulong workBufferSize, uint processHandle, float volume)
+        public ResultCode OpenAudioRenderer(
+            out AudioRenderSystem renderer,
+            IVirtualMemoryManager memoryManager,
+            ref AudioRendererConfiguration parameter,
+            ulong appletResourceUserId,
+            ulong workBufferAddress,
+            ulong workBufferSize,
+            uint processHandle,
+            float volume)
         {
             int sessionId = AcquireSessionId();
 
             AudioRenderSystem audioRenderer = new AudioRenderSystem(this, _sessionsSystemEvent[sessionId]);
 
-            ResultCode result = audioRenderer.Initialize(ref parameter, processHandle, workBufferAddress, workBufferSize, sessionId, appletResourceUserId, memoryManager);
+            // TODO: Eventually, we should try to use the guest supplied work buffer instead of allocating
+            // our own. However, it was causing problems on some applications that would unmap the memory
+            // before the audio renderer was fully disposed.
+            Memory<byte> workBufferMemory = GC.AllocateArray<byte>((int)workBufferSize, pinned: true);
+
+            ResultCode result = audioRenderer.Initialize(
+                ref parameter,
+                processHandle,
+                workBufferMemory,
+                workBufferAddress,
+                workBufferSize,
+                sessionId,
+                appletResourceUserId,
+                memoryManager);
 
             if (result == ResultCode.Success)
             {

Ryujinx.Common/Collections/IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode.cs

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
     /// </summary>
     public class IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode<T> where T : IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode<T>
     {
-        public bool Color = true;
-        public T Left;
-        public T Right;
-        public T Parent;
+        internal bool Color = true;
+        internal T Left;
+        internal T Right;
+        internal T Parent;
 
         public T Predecessor => IntrusiveRedBlackTreeImpl<T>.PredecessorOf((T)this);
         public T Successor => IntrusiveRedBlackTreeImpl<T>.SuccessorOf((T)this);

Ryujinx.Cpu/Jit/MemoryManagerHostMapped.cs

@@ -274,7 +274,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         public void Write(ulong va, ReadOnlySpan<byte> data)
         {
-            try {
+            try
+            {
                 SignalMemoryTracking(va, (ulong)data.Length, write: true);
 
                 _addressSpaceMirror.Write(va, data);

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Capabilities.cs

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
         public readonly bool SupportsNonConstantTextureOffset;
         public readonly bool SupportsShaderBallot;
         public readonly bool SupportsTextureShadowLod;
+        public readonly bool SupportsViewportIndex;
         public readonly bool SupportsViewportSwizzle;
         public readonly bool SupportsIndirectParameters;
 
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
             bool supportsNonConstantTextureOffset,
             bool supportsShaderBallot,
             bool supportsTextureShadowLod,
+            bool supportsViewportIndex,
             bool supportsViewportSwizzle,
             bool supportsIndirectParameters,
             uint maximumUniformBuffersPerStage,
@@ -89,6 +91,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
             SupportsNonConstantTextureOffset = supportsNonConstantTextureOffset;
             SupportsShaderBallot = supportsShaderBallot;
             SupportsTextureShadowLod = supportsTextureShadowLod;
+            SupportsViewportIndex = supportsViewportIndex;
             SupportsViewportSwizzle = supportsViewportSwizzle;
             SupportsIndirectParameters = supportsIndirectParameters;
             MaximumUniformBuffersPerStage = maximumUniformBuffersPerStage;

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureBindingsManager.cs

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
             public int TextureHandle;
             public int SamplerHandle;
+            public Format ImageFormat;
             public int InvalidatedSequence;
             public Texture CachedTexture;
             public Sampler CachedSampler;
@@ -564,6 +565,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     // Buffers are frequently re-created to accomodate larger data, so we need to re-bind
                     // to ensure we're not using a old buffer that was already deleted.
                     _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, hostTexture, texture.Range.GetSubRange(0).Address, texture.Size, bindingInfo, bindingInfo.Format, false);
+
+                    // Cache is not used for buffer texture, it must always rebind.
+                    state.CachedTexture = null;
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -659,14 +663,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                         cachedTexture?.SignalModified();
                     }
 
-                    if ((usageFlags & TextureUsageFlags.NeedsScaleValue) != 0 &&
-                        UpdateScale(state.CachedTexture, usageFlags, scaleIndex, stage))
+                    Format format = bindingInfo.Format == 0 ? cachedTexture.Format : bindingInfo.Format;
+
+                    if (state.ImageFormat != format ||
+                        ((usageFlags & TextureUsageFlags.NeedsScaleValue) != 0 &&
+                        UpdateScale(state.CachedTexture, usageFlags, scaleIndex, stage)))
                     {
                         ITexture hostTextureRebind = state.CachedTexture.GetTargetTexture(bindingInfo.Target);
 
-                        Format format = bindingInfo.Format == 0 ? cachedTexture.Format : bindingInfo.Format;
-
                         state.Texture = hostTextureRebind;
+                        state.ImageFormat = format;
 
                         _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetImage(bindingInfo.Binding, hostTextureRebind, format);
                     }
@@ -696,6 +702,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     }
 
                     _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, hostTexture, texture.Range.GetSubRange(0).Address, texture.Size, bindingInfo, format, true);
+
+                    // Cache is not used for buffer texture, it must always rebind.
+                    state.CachedTexture = null;
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -721,6 +730,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                             format = texture.Format;
                         }
 
+                        state.ImageFormat = format;
+
                         _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetImage(bindingInfo.Binding, hostTexture, format);
                     }
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/DiskCache/DiskCacheHostStorage.cs

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
         private const ushort FileFormatVersionMajor = 1;
         private const ushort FileFormatVersionMinor = 2;
         private const uint FileFormatVersionPacked = ((uint)FileFormatVersionMajor << 16) | FileFormatVersionMinor;
-        private const uint CodeGenVersion = 3672;
+        private const uint CodeGenVersion = 3644;
 
         private const string SharedTocFileName = "shared.toc";
         private const string SharedDataFileName = "shared.data";

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/GpuAccessorBase.cs

@@ -134,6 +134,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
 
         public bool QueryHostSupportsTextureShadowLod() => _context.Capabilities.SupportsTextureShadowLod;
 
+        public bool QueryHostSupportsViewportIndex() => _context.Capabilities.SupportsViewportIndex;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Converts a packed Maxwell texture format to the shader translator texture format.
         /// </summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/OpenGLRenderer.cs

@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
                 supportsNonConstantTextureOffset: HwCapabilities.SupportsNonConstantTextureOffset,
                 supportsShaderBallot: HwCapabilities.SupportsShaderBallot,
                 supportsTextureShadowLod: HwCapabilities.SupportsTextureShadowLod,
+                supportsViewportIndex: true,
                 supportsViewportSwizzle: HwCapabilities.SupportsViewportSwizzle,
                 supportsIndirectParameters: HwCapabilities.SupportsIndirectParameters,
                 maximumUniformBuffersPerStage: 13, // TODO: Avoid hardcoding those limits here and get from driver?

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/IGpuAccessor.cs

@@ -267,6 +267,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader
             return true;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Queries host GPU shader viewport index output support.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>True if the GPU and driver supports shader viewport index output, false otherwise</returns>
+        bool QueryHostSupportsViewportIndex()
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Queries the point size from the GPU state, used when it is not explicitly set on the shader.
         /// </summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Translation/AttributeInfo.cs

@@ -78,6 +78,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
 
         public static bool Validate(ShaderConfig config, int value, bool isOutAttr)
         {
+            if (value == AttributeConsts.ViewportIndex && !config.GpuAccessor.QueryHostSupportsViewportIndex())
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
             return From(config, value, isOutAttr).IsValid;
         }
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/VulkanRenderer.cs

@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             return BufferManager.GetData(buffer, offset, size);
         }
 
-        public Capabilities GetCapabilities()
+        public unsafe Capabilities GetCapabilities()
         {
             FormatFeatureFlags compressedFormatFeatureFlags =
                 FormatFeatureFlags.FormatFeatureSampledImageBit |
@@ -409,7 +409,19 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 GAL.Format.Bc7Srgb,
                 GAL.Format.Bc7Unorm);
 
-            Api.GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures(_physicalDevice, out var features);
+
+            PhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features featuresVk12 = new PhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features()
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.PhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features
+            };
+
+            PhysicalDeviceFeatures2 features2 = new PhysicalDeviceFeatures2()
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.PhysicalDeviceFeatures2,
+                PNext = &featuresVk12
+            };
+
+            Api.GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2(_physicalDevice, &features2);
             Api.GetPhysicalDeviceProperties(_physicalDevice, out var properties);
 
             var limits = properties.Limits;
@@ -419,7 +431,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 GpuVendor,
                 hasFrontFacingBug: IsIntelWindows,
                 hasVectorIndexingBug: Vendor == Vendor.Qualcomm,
-                supportsAstcCompression: features.TextureCompressionAstcLdr,
+                supportsAstcCompression: features2.Features.TextureCompressionAstcLdr,
                 supportsBc123Compression: supportsBc123CompressionFormat,
                 supportsBc45Compression: supportsBc45CompressionFormat,
                 supportsBc67Compression: supportsBc67CompressionFormat,
@@ -429,12 +441,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 supportsFragmentShaderInterlock: Capabilities.SupportsFragmentShaderInterlock,
                 supportsFragmentShaderOrderingIntel: false,
                 supportsGeometryShaderPassthrough: Capabilities.SupportsGeometryShaderPassthrough,
-                supportsImageLoadFormatted: features.ShaderStorageImageReadWithoutFormat,
+                supportsImageLoadFormatted: features2.Features.ShaderStorageImageReadWithoutFormat,
                 supportsMismatchingViewFormat: true,
                 supportsCubemapView: !IsAmdGcn,
                 supportsNonConstantTextureOffset: false,
                 supportsShaderBallot: false,
                 supportsTextureShadowLod: false,
+                supportsViewportIndex: featuresVk12.ShaderOutputViewportIndex,
                 supportsViewportSwizzle: false,
                 supportsIndirectParameters: Capabilities.SupportsIndirectParameters,
                 maximumUniformBuffersPerStage: Constants.MaxUniformBuffersPerStage,

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Audio/AudioRendererManager.cs

@@ -31,11 +31,26 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Audio
             return AudioRendererManagerImpl.GetWorkBufferSize(ref parameter);
         }
 
-        public ResultCode OpenAudioRenderer(ServiceCtx context, out IAudioRenderer obj, ref AudioRendererConfiguration parameter, ulong workBufferSize, ulong appletResourceUserId, KTransferMemory workBufferTransferMemory, uint processHandle)
+        public ResultCode OpenAudioRenderer(
+            ServiceCtx context,
+            out IAudioRenderer obj,
+            ref AudioRendererConfiguration parameter,
+            ulong workBufferSize,
+            ulong appletResourceUserId,
+            KTransferMemory workBufferTransferMemory,
+            uint processHandle)
         {
             var memoryManager = context.Process.HandleTable.GetKProcess((int)processHandle).CpuMemory;
 
-            ResultCode result = (ResultCode)_impl.OpenAudioRenderer(out AudioRenderSystem renderer, memoryManager, ref parameter, appletResourceUserId, workBufferTransferMemory.Address, workBufferTransferMemory.Size, processHandle, context.Device.Configuration.AudioVolume);
+            ResultCode result = (ResultCode)_impl.OpenAudioRenderer(
+                out AudioRenderSystem renderer,
+                memoryManager,
+                ref parameter,
+                appletResourceUserId,
+                workBufferTransferMemory.Address,
+                workBufferTransferMemory.Size,
+                processHandle,
+                context.Device.Configuration.AudioVolume);
 
             if (result == ResultCode.Success)
             {

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Audio/AudioRendererManagerServer.cs

@@ -34,7 +34,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Audio
             KTransferMemory workBufferTransferMemory = context.Process.HandleTable.GetObject<KTransferMemory>(transferMemoryHandle);
             uint processHandle = (uint)context.Request.HandleDesc.ToCopy[1];
 
-            ResultCode result = _impl.OpenAudioRenderer(context, out IAudioRenderer renderer, ref parameter, workBufferSize, appletResourceUserId, workBufferTransferMemory, processHandle);
+            ResultCode result = _impl.OpenAudioRenderer(
+                context,
+                out IAudioRenderer renderer,
+                ref parameter,
+                workBufferSize,
+                appletResourceUserId,
+                workBufferTransferMemory,
+                processHandle);
 
             if (result == ResultCode.Success)
             {

Ryujinx.Memory/WindowsShared/IntervalTree.cs

@@ -1,453 +0,0 @@
-using Ryujinx.Common.Collections;
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-
-namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// An Augmented Interval Tree based off of the "TreeDictionary"'s Red-Black Tree. Allows fast overlap checking of ranges.
-    /// </summary>
-    /// <typeparam name="K">Key</typeparam>
-    /// <typeparam name="V">Value</typeparam>
-    class IntervalTree<K, V> : IntrusiveRedBlackTreeImpl<IntervalTreeNode<K, V>> where K : IComparable<K>
-    {
-        private const int ArrayGrowthSize = 32;
-
-        #region Public Methods
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Gets the values of the interval whose key is <paramref name="key"/>.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="key">Key of the node value to get</param>
-        /// <param name="value">Value with the given <paramref name="key"/></param>
-        /// <returns>True if the key is on the dictionary, false otherwise</returns>
-        public bool TryGet(K key, out V value)
-        {
-            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node = GetNode(key);
-
-            if (node == null)
-            {
-                value = default;
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            value = node.Value;
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Returns the start addresses of the intervals whose start and end keys overlap the given range.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="start">Start of the range</param>
-        /// <param name="end">End of the range</param>
-        /// <param name="overlaps">Overlaps array to place results in</param>
-        /// <param name="overlapCount">Index to start writing results into the array. Defaults to 0</param>
-        /// <returns>Number of intervals found</returns>
-        public int Get(K start, K end, ref IntervalTreeNode<K, V>[] overlaps, int overlapCount = 0)
-        {
-            GetNodes(Root, start, end, ref overlaps, ref overlapCount);
-
-            return overlapCount;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Adds a new interval into the tree whose start is <paramref name="start"/>, end is <paramref name="end"/> and value is <paramref name="value"/>.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="start">Start of the range to add</param>
-        /// <param name="end">End of the range to insert</param>
-        /// <param name="value">Value to add</param>
-        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="value"/> is null</exception>
-        public void Add(K start, K end, V value)
-        {
-            if (value == null)
-            {
-                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value));
-            }
-
-            BSTInsert(start, end, value, null, out _);
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Removes a value from the tree, searching for it with <paramref name="key"/>.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="key">Key of the node to remove</param>
-        /// <returns>Number of deleted values</returns>
-        public int Remove(K key)
-        {
-            return Remove(GetNode(key));
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Removes a value from the tree, searching for it with <paramref name="key"/>.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="nodeToDelete">Node to be removed</param>
-        /// <returns>Number of deleted values</returns>
-        public int Remove(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> nodeToDelete)
-        {
-            if (nodeToDelete == null)
-            {
-                return 0;
-            }
-
-            Delete(nodeToDelete);
-
-            Count--;
-
-            return 1;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Adds all the nodes in the dictionary into <paramref name="list"/>.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>A list of all values sorted by Key Order</returns>
-        public List<V> AsList()
-        {
-            List<V> list = new List<V>();
-
-            AddToList(Root, list);
-
-            return list;
-        }
-
-        #endregion
-
-        #region Private Methods (BST)
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Adds all values that are children of or contained within <paramref name="node"/> into <paramref name="list"/>, in Key Order.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="node">The node to search for values within</param>
-        /// <param name="list">The list to add values to</param>
-        private void AddToList(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node, List<V> list)
-        {
-            if (node == null)
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            AddToList(node.Left, list);
-
-            list.Add(node.Value);
-
-            AddToList(node.Right, list);
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Retrieve the node reference whose key is <paramref name="key"/>, or null if no such node exists.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="key">Key of the node to get</param>
-        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="key"/> is null</exception>
-        /// <returns>Node reference in the tree</returns>
-        private IntervalTreeNode<K, V> GetNode(K key)
-        {
-            if (key == null)
-            {
-                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(key));
-            }
-
-            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node = Root;
-            while (node != null)
-            {
-                int cmp = key.CompareTo(node.Start);
-                if (cmp < 0)
-                {
-                    node = node.Left;
-                }
-                else if (cmp > 0)
-                {
-                    node = node.Right;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    return node;
-                }
-            }
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Retrieve all nodes that overlap the given start and end keys.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="start">Start of the range</param>
-        /// <param name="end">End of the range</param>
-        /// <param name="overlaps">Overlaps array to place results in</param>
-        /// <param name="overlapCount">Overlaps count to update</param>
-        private void GetNodes(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node, K start, K end, ref IntervalTreeNode<K, V>[] overlaps, ref int overlapCount)
-        {
-            if (node == null || start.CompareTo(node.Max) >= 0)
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            GetNodes(node.Left, start, end, ref overlaps, ref overlapCount);
-
-            bool endsOnRight = end.CompareTo(node.Start) > 0;
-            if (endsOnRight)
-            {
-                if (start.CompareTo(node.End) < 0)
-                {
-                    if (overlaps.Length >= overlapCount)
-                    {
-                        Array.Resize(ref overlaps, overlapCount + ArrayGrowthSize);
-                    }
-
-                    overlaps[overlapCount++] = node;
-                }
-
-                GetNodes(node.Right, start, end, ref overlaps, ref overlapCount);
-            }
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Propagate an increase in max value starting at the given node, heading up the tree.
-        /// This should only be called if the max increases - not for rebalancing or removals.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="node">The node to start propagating from</param>
-        private void PropagateIncrease(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
-        {
-            K max = node.Max;
-            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> ptr = node;
-
-            while ((ptr = ptr.Parent) != null)
-            {
-                if (max.CompareTo(ptr.Max) > 0)
-                {
-                    ptr.Max = max;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Propagate recalculating max value starting at the given node, heading up the tree.
-        /// This fully recalculates the max value from all children when there is potential for it to decrease.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="node">The node to start propagating from</param>
-        private void PropagateFull(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
-        {
-            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> ptr = node;
-
-            do
-            {
-                K max = ptr.End;
-
-                if (ptr.Left != null && ptr.Left.Max.CompareTo(max) > 0)
-                {
-                    max = ptr.Left.Max;
-                }
-
-                if (ptr.Right != null && ptr.Right.Max.CompareTo(max) > 0)
-                {
-                    max = ptr.Right.Max;
-                }
-
-                ptr.Max = max;
-            } while ((ptr = ptr.Parent) != null);
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Insertion Mechanism for the interval tree. Similar to a BST insert, with the start of the range as the key.
-        /// Iterates the tree starting from the root and inserts a new node where all children in the left subtree are less than <paramref name="start"/>, and all children in the right subtree are greater than <paramref name="start"/>.
-        /// Each node can contain multiple values, and has an end address which is the maximum of all those values.
-        /// Post insertion, the "max" value of the node and all parents are updated.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="start">Start of the range to insert</param>
-        /// <param name="end">End of the range to insert</param>
-        /// <param name="value">Value to insert</param>
-        /// <param name="updateFactoryCallback">Optional factory used to create a new value if <paramref name="start"/> is already on the tree</param>
-        /// <param name="outNode">Node that was inserted or modified</param>
-        /// <returns>True if <paramref name="start"/> was not yet on the tree, false otherwise</returns>
-        private bool BSTInsert(K start, K end, V value, Func<K, V, V> updateFactoryCallback, out IntervalTreeNode<K, V> outNode)
-        {
-            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> parent = null;
-            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node = Root;
-
-            while (node != null)
-            {
-                parent = node;
-                int cmp = start.CompareTo(node.Start);
-                if (cmp < 0)
-                {
-                    node = node.Left;
-                }
-                else if (cmp > 0)
-                {
-                    node = node.Right;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    outNode = node;
-
-                    if (updateFactoryCallback != null)
-                    {
-                        // Replace
-                        node.Value = updateFactoryCallback(start, node.Value);
-
-                        int endCmp = end.CompareTo(node.End);
-
-                        if (endCmp > 0)
-                        {
-                            node.End = end;
-                            if (end.CompareTo(node.Max) > 0)
-                            {
-                                node.Max = end;
-                                PropagateIncrease(node);
-                                RestoreBalanceAfterInsertion(node);
-                            }
-                        }
-                        else if (endCmp < 0)
-                        {
-                            node.End = end;
-                            PropagateFull(node);
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
-            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> newNode = new IntervalTreeNode<K, V>(start, end, value, parent);
-            if (newNode.Parent == null)
-            {
-                Root = newNode;
-            }
-            else if (start.CompareTo(parent.Start) < 0)
-            {
-                parent.Left = newNode;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                parent.Right = newNode;
-            }
-
-            PropagateIncrease(newNode);
-            Count++;
-            RestoreBalanceAfterInsertion(newNode);
-            outNode = newNode;
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Removes the value from the dictionary after searching for it with <paramref name="key">.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="key">Tree node to be removed</param>
-        private void Delete(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> nodeToDelete)
-        {
-            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> replacementNode;
-
-            if (LeftOf(nodeToDelete) == null || RightOf(nodeToDelete) == null)
-            {
-                replacementNode = nodeToDelete;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                replacementNode = nodeToDelete.Predecessor;
-            }
-
-            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> tmp = LeftOf(replacementNode) ?? RightOf(replacementNode);
-
-            if (tmp != null)
-            {
-                tmp.Parent = ParentOf(replacementNode);
-            }
-
-            if (ParentOf(replacementNode) == null)
-            {
-                Root = tmp;
-            }
-            else if (replacementNode == LeftOf(ParentOf(replacementNode)))
-            {
-                ParentOf(replacementNode).Left = tmp;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                ParentOf(replacementNode).Right = tmp;
-            }
-
-            if (replacementNode != nodeToDelete)
-            {
-                nodeToDelete.Start = replacementNode.Start;
-                nodeToDelete.Value = replacementNode.Value;
-                nodeToDelete.End = replacementNode.End;
-                nodeToDelete.Max = replacementNode.Max;
-            }
-
-            PropagateFull(replacementNode);
-
-            if (tmp != null && ColorOf(replacementNode) == Black)
-            {
-                RestoreBalanceAfterRemoval(tmp);
-            }
-        }
-
-        #endregion
-
-        #region Private Methods (RBL)
-
-        protected override void RotateLeft(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
-        {
-            if (node != null)
-            {
-                base.RotateLeft(node);
-
-                PropagateFull(node);
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override void RotateRight(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
-        {
-            if (node != null)
-            {
-                base.RotateRight(node);
-
-                PropagateFull(node);
-            }
-        }
-
-        #endregion
-
-        public bool ContainsKey(K key)
-        {
-            return GetNode(key) != null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Represents a node in the IntervalTree which contains start and end keys of type K, and a value of generic type V.
-    /// </summary>
-    /// <typeparam name="K">Key type of the node</typeparam>
-    /// <typeparam name="V">Value type of the node</typeparam>
-    class IntervalTreeNode<K, V> : IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode<IntervalTreeNode<K, V>>
-    {
-        /// <summary>
-        /// The start of the range.
-        /// </summary>
-        public K Start;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// The end of the range.
-        /// </summary>
-        public K End;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// The maximum end value of this node and all its children.
-        /// </summary>
-        public K Max;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Value stored on this node.
-        /// </summary>
-        public V Value;
-
-        public IntervalTreeNode(K start, K end, V value, IntervalTreeNode<K, V> parent)
-        {
-            Start = start;
-            End = end;
-            Max = end;
-            Value = value;
-            Parent = parent;
-        }
-    }
-}

Ryujinx.Memory/WindowsShared/MappingTree.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Collections;
+using System;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A intrusive Red-Black Tree that also supports getting nodes overlapping a given range.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="T">Type of the value stored on the node</typeparam>
+    class MappingTree<T> : IntrusiveRedBlackTree<RangeNode<T>>
+    {
+        private const int ArrayGrowthSize = 16;
+
+        public int GetNodes(ulong start, ulong end, ref RangeNode<T>[] overlaps, int overlapCount = 0)
+        {
+            RangeNode<T> node = this.GetNodeByKey(start);
+
+            for (; node != null; node = node.Successor)
+            {
+                if (overlaps.Length <= overlapCount)
+                {
+                    Array.Resize(ref overlaps, overlapCount + ArrayGrowthSize);
+                }
+
+                overlaps[overlapCount++] = node;
+
+                if (node.End >= end)
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return overlapCount;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class RangeNode<T> : IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode<RangeNode<T>>, IComparable<RangeNode<T>>, IComparable<ulong>
+    {
+        public ulong Start { get; }
+        public ulong End { get; private set; }
+        public T Value { get; }
+
+        public RangeNode(ulong start, ulong end, T value)
+        {
+            Start = start;
+            End = end;
+            Value = value;
+        }
+
+        public void Extend(ulong sizeDelta)
+        {
+            End += sizeDelta;
+        }
+
+        public int CompareTo(RangeNode<T> other)
+        {
+            if (Start < other.Start)
+            {
+                return -1;
+            }
+            else if (Start <= other.End - 1UL)
+            {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public int CompareTo(ulong address)
+        {
+            if (address < Start)
+            {
+                return 1;
+            }
+            else if (address <= End - 1UL)
+            {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Memory/WindowsShared/PlaceholderManager.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Collections;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Memory.PartialUnmaps;
 using System;
 using System.Diagnostics;
@@ -13,10 +14,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
     [SupportedOSPlatform("windows")]
     class PlaceholderManager
     {
-        private const ulong MinimumPageSize = 0x1000;
+        private const int InitialOverlapsSize = 10;
 
-        private readonly IntervalTree<ulong, ulong> _mappings;
-        private readonly IntervalTree<ulong, MemoryPermission> _protections;
+        private readonly MappingTree<ulong> _mappings;
+        private readonly MappingTree<MemoryPermission> _protections;
         private readonly IntPtr _partialUnmapStatePtr;
         private readonly Thread _partialUnmapTrimThread;
 
@@ -25,8 +26,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
         /// </summary>
         public PlaceholderManager()
         {
-            _mappings = new IntervalTree<ulong, ulong>();
-            _protections = new IntervalTree<ulong, MemoryPermission>();
+            _mappings = new MappingTree<ulong>();
+            _protections = new MappingTree<MemoryPermission>();
 
             _partialUnmapStatePtr = PartialUnmapState.GlobalState;
 
@@ -67,7 +68,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
         {
             lock (_mappings)
             {
-                _mappings.Add(address, address + size, ulong.MaxValue);
+                _mappings.Add(new RangeNode<ulong>(address, address + size, ulong.MaxValue));
+            }
+
+            lock (_protections)
+            {
+                _protections.Add(new RangeNode<MemoryPermission>(address, size, MemoryPermission.None));
             }
         }
 
@@ -81,35 +87,30 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
         {
             ulong endAddress = address + size;
 
-            var overlaps = Array.Empty<IntervalTreeNode<ulong, ulong>>();
-            int count;
-
             lock (_mappings)
             {
-                count = _mappings.Get(address, endAddress, ref overlaps);
+                RangeNode<ulong> node = _mappings.GetNodeByKey(address);
+                RangeNode<ulong> successorNode;
 
-                for (int index = 0; index < count; index++)
+                for (; node != null; node = successorNode)
                 {
-                    var overlap = overlaps[index];
+                    successorNode = node.Successor;
 
-                    if (IsMapped(overlap.Value))
+                    if (IsMapped(node.Value))
                     {
-                        if (!WindowsApi.UnmapViewOfFile2(WindowsApi.CurrentProcessHandle, (IntPtr)overlap.Start, 2))
+                        if (!WindowsApi.UnmapViewOfFile2(WindowsApi.CurrentProcessHandle, (IntPtr)node.Start, 2))
                         {
                             throw new WindowsApiException("UnmapViewOfFile2");
                         }
                     }
 
-                    _mappings.Remove(overlap);
-                }
-            }
+                    _mappings.Remove(node);
 
-            if (count > 1)
+                    if (node.End >= endAddress)
                     {
-                CheckFreeResult(WindowsApi.VirtualFree(
-                    (IntPtr)address,
-                    (IntPtr)size,
-                    AllocationType.Release | AllocationType.CoalescePlaceholders));
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
             }
 
             RemoveProtection(address, size);
@@ -130,7 +131,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
 
             try
             {
-                UnmapViewInternal(sharedMemory, location, size, owner);
+                UnmapViewInternal(sharedMemory, location, size, owner, updateProtection: false);
                 MapViewInternal(sharedMemory, srcOffset, location, size);
             }
             finally
@@ -166,6 +167,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
             {
                 throw new WindowsApiException("MapViewOfFile3");
             }
+
+            UpdateProtection((ulong)location, (ulong)size, MemoryPermission.ReadAndWrite);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -178,18 +181,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
         {
             ulong endAddress = address + size;
 
-            var overlaps = Array.Empty<IntervalTreeNode<ulong, ulong>>();
+            var overlaps = new RangeNode<ulong>[InitialOverlapsSize];
 
             lock (_mappings)
             {
-                int count = _mappings.Get(address, endAddress, ref overlaps);
+                int count = _mappings.GetNodes(address, endAddress, ref overlaps);
 
                 Debug.Assert(count == 1);
                 Debug.Assert(!IsMapped(overlaps[0].Value));
 
                 var overlap = overlaps[0];
 
-                // Tree operations might modify the node start/end values, so save a copy before we modify the tree.
                 ulong overlapStart = overlap.Start;
                 ulong overlapEnd = overlap.End;
                 ulong overlapValue = overlap.Value;
@@ -206,8 +208,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
                         (IntPtr)size,
                         AllocationType.Release | AllocationType.PreservePlaceholder));
 
-                    _mappings.Add(overlapStart, address, overlapValue);
-                    _mappings.Add(endAddress, overlapEnd, AddBackingOffset(overlapValue, endAddress - overlapStart));
+                    _mappings.Add(new RangeNode<ulong>(overlapStart, address, overlapValue));
+                    _mappings.Add(new RangeNode<ulong>(endAddress, overlapEnd, AddBackingOffset(overlapValue, endAddress - overlapStart)));
                 }
                 else if (overlapStartsBefore)
                 {
@@ -218,7 +220,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
                         (IntPtr)overlappedSize,
                         AllocationType.Release | AllocationType.PreservePlaceholder));
 
-                    _mappings.Add(overlapStart, address, overlapValue);
+                    _mappings.Add(new RangeNode<ulong>(overlapStart, address, overlapValue));
                 }
                 else if (overlapEndsAfter)
                 {
@@ -229,10 +231,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
                         (IntPtr)overlappedSize,
                         AllocationType.Release | AllocationType.PreservePlaceholder));
 
-                    _mappings.Add(endAddress, overlapEnd, AddBackingOffset(overlapValue, overlappedSize));
+                    _mappings.Add(new RangeNode<ulong>(endAddress, overlapEnd, AddBackingOffset(overlapValue, overlappedSize)));
                 }
 
-                _mappings.Add(address, endAddress, backingOffset);
+                _mappings.Add(new RangeNode<ulong>(address, endAddress, backingOffset));
             }
         }
 
@@ -254,7 +256,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
 
             try
             {
-                UnmapViewInternal(sharedMemory, location, size, owner);
+                UnmapViewInternal(sharedMemory, location, size, owner, updateProtection: true);
             }
             finally
             {
@@ -273,19 +275,20 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
         /// <param name="location">Address to unmap</param>
         /// <param name="size">Size of the region to unmap in bytes</param>
         /// <param name="owner">Memory block that owns the mapping</param>
+        /// <param name="updateProtection">Indicates if the memory protections should be updated after the unmap</param>
         /// <exception cref="WindowsApiException">Thrown when the Windows API returns an error unmapping or remapping the memory</exception>
-        private void UnmapViewInternal(IntPtr sharedMemory, IntPtr location, IntPtr size, MemoryBlock owner)
+        private void UnmapViewInternal(IntPtr sharedMemory, IntPtr location, IntPtr size, MemoryBlock owner, bool updateProtection)
         {
             ulong startAddress = (ulong)location;
             ulong unmapSize = (ulong)size;
             ulong endAddress = startAddress + unmapSize;
 
-            var overlaps = Array.Empty<IntervalTreeNode<ulong, ulong>>();
+            var overlaps = new RangeNode<ulong>[InitialOverlapsSize];
             int count;
 
             lock (_mappings)
             {
-                count = _mappings.Get(startAddress, endAddress, ref overlaps);
+                count = _mappings.GetNodes(startAddress, endAddress, ref overlaps);
             }
 
             for (int index = 0; index < count; index++)
@@ -294,19 +297,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
 
                 if (IsMapped(overlap.Value))
                 {
-                    // Tree operations might modify the node start/end values, so save a copy before we modify the tree.
-                    ulong overlapStart = overlap.Start;
-                    ulong overlapEnd = overlap.End;
-                    ulong overlapValue = overlap.Value;
-
                     lock (_mappings)
                     {
                         _mappings.Remove(overlap);
-                        _mappings.Add(overlapStart, overlapEnd, ulong.MaxValue);
+                        _mappings.Add(new RangeNode<ulong>(overlap.Start, overlap.End, ulong.MaxValue));
                     }
 
-                    bool overlapStartsBefore = overlapStart < startAddress;
-                    bool overlapEndsAfter = overlapEnd > endAddress;
+                    bool overlapStartsBefore = overlap.Start < startAddress;
+                    bool overlapEndsAfter = overlap.End > endAddress;
 
                     if (overlapStartsBefore || overlapEndsAfter)
                     {
@@ -323,25 +321,25 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
                         {
                             partialUnmapState.PartialUnmapsCount++;
 
-                            if (!WindowsApi.UnmapViewOfFile2(WindowsApi.CurrentProcessHandle, (IntPtr)overlapStart, 2))
+                            if (!WindowsApi.UnmapViewOfFile2(WindowsApi.CurrentProcessHandle, (IntPtr)overlap.Start, 2))
                             {
                                 throw new WindowsApiException("UnmapViewOfFile2");
                             }
 
                             if (overlapStartsBefore)
                             {
-                                ulong remapSize = startAddress - overlapStart;
+                                ulong remapSize = startAddress - overlap.Start;
 
-                                MapViewInternal(sharedMemory, overlapValue, (IntPtr)overlapStart, (IntPtr)remapSize);
-                                RestoreRangeProtection(overlapStart, remapSize);
+                                MapViewInternal(sharedMemory, overlap.Value, (IntPtr)overlap.Start, (IntPtr)remapSize);
+                                RestoreRangeProtection(overlap.Start, remapSize);
                             }
 
                             if (overlapEndsAfter)
                             {
-                                ulong overlappedSize = endAddress - overlapStart;
-                                ulong remapBackingOffset = overlapValue + overlappedSize;
-                                ulong remapAddress = overlapStart + overlappedSize;
-                                ulong remapSize = overlapEnd - endAddress;
+                                ulong overlappedSize = endAddress - overlap.Start;
+                                ulong remapBackingOffset = overlap.Value + overlappedSize;
+                                ulong remapAddress = overlap.Start + overlappedSize;
+                                ulong remapSize = overlap.End - endAddress;
 
                                 MapViewInternal(sharedMemory, remapBackingOffset, (IntPtr)remapAddress, (IntPtr)remapSize);
                                 RestoreRangeProtection(remapAddress, remapSize);
@@ -352,7 +350,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
                             partialUnmapLock.DowngradeFromWriterLock();
                         }
                     }
-                    else if (!WindowsApi.UnmapViewOfFile2(WindowsApi.CurrentProcessHandle, (IntPtr)overlapStart, 2))
+                    else if (!WindowsApi.UnmapViewOfFile2(WindowsApi.CurrentProcessHandle, (IntPtr)overlap.Start, 2))
                     {
                         throw new WindowsApiException("UnmapViewOfFile2");
                     }
@@ -360,7 +358,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
             }
 
             CoalesceForUnmap(startAddress, unmapSize, owner);
-            RemoveProtection(startAddress, unmapSize);
+
+            if (updateProtection)
+            {
+                UpdateProtection(startAddress, unmapSize, MemoryPermission.None);
+            }
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -374,44 +376,58 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
             ulong endAddress = address + size;
             ulong blockAddress = (ulong)owner.Pointer;
             ulong blockEnd = blockAddress + owner.Size;
-            var overlaps = Array.Empty<IntervalTreeNode<ulong, ulong>>();
             int unmappedCount = 0;
 
             lock (_mappings)
             {
-                int count = _mappings.Get(
-                    Math.Max(address - MinimumPageSize, blockAddress),
-                    Math.Min(endAddress + MinimumPageSize, blockEnd), ref overlaps);
+                RangeNode<ulong> node = _mappings.GetNodeByKey(address);
 
-                if (count < 2)
+                if (node == null)
                 {
-                    // Nothing to coalesce if we only have 1 or no overlaps.
+                    // Nothing to coalesce if we have no overlaps.
                     return;
                 }
 
-                for (int index = 0; index < count; index++)
+                RangeNode<ulong> predecessor = node.Predecessor;
+                RangeNode<ulong> successor = null;
+
+                for (; node != null; node = successor)
                 {
-                    var overlap = overlaps[index];
+                    successor = node.Successor;
+                    var overlap = node;
 
                     if (!IsMapped(overlap.Value))
                     {
-                        if (address > overlap.Start)
-                        {
-                            address = overlap.Start;
-                        }
-
-                        if (endAddress < overlap.End)
-                        {
-                            endAddress = overlap.End;
-                        }
+                        address = Math.Min(address, overlap.Start);
+                        endAddress = Math.Max(endAddress, overlap.End);
 
                         _mappings.Remove(overlap);
-
                         unmappedCount++;
                     }
+
+                    if (node.End >= endAddress)
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
                 }
 
-                _mappings.Add(address, endAddress, ulong.MaxValue);
+                if (predecessor != null && !IsMapped(predecessor.Value) && predecessor.Start >= blockAddress)
+                {
+                    address = Math.Min(address, predecessor.Start);
+
+                    _mappings.Remove(predecessor);
+                    unmappedCount++;
+                }
+
+                if (successor != null && !IsMapped(successor.Value) && successor.End <= blockEnd)
+                {
+                    endAddress = Math.Max(endAddress, successor.End);
+
+                    _mappings.Remove(successor);
+                    unmappedCount++;
+                }
+
+                _mappings.Add(new RangeNode<ulong>(address, endAddress, ulong.MaxValue));
             }
 
             if (unmappedCount > 1)
@@ -462,19 +478,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
             ulong reprotectSize = (ulong)size;
             ulong endAddress = reprotectAddress + reprotectSize;
 
-            var overlaps = Array.Empty<IntervalTreeNode<ulong, ulong>>();
-            int count;
+            bool success = true;
 
             lock (_mappings)
             {
-                count = _mappings.Get(reprotectAddress, endAddress, ref overlaps);
-            }
+                RangeNode<ulong> node = _mappings.GetNodeByKey(reprotectAddress);
+                RangeNode<ulong> successorNode;
 
-            bool success = true;
-
-            for (int index = 0; index < count; index++)
+                for (; node != null; node = successorNode)
                 {
-                var overlap = overlaps[index];
+                    successorNode = node.Successor;
+                    var overlap = node;
 
                     ulong mappedAddress = overlap.Start;
                     ulong mappedSize = overlap.End - overlap.Start;
@@ -504,17 +518,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
                         success = false;
                     }
 
-                // We only keep track of "non-standard" protections,
-                // that is, everything that is not just RW (which is the default when views are mapped).
-                if (permission == MemoryPermission.ReadAndWrite)
+                    if (node.End >= endAddress)
                     {
-                    RemoveProtection(mappedAddress, mappedSize);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    AddProtection(mappedAddress, mappedSize, permission);
+                        break;
                     }
                 }
+            }
+
+            UpdateProtection(reprotectAddress, reprotectSize, permission);
 
             return success;
         }
@@ -564,29 +575,30 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
         /// <param name="address">Address of the protected region</param>
         /// <param name="size">Size of the protected region in bytes</param>
         /// <param name="permission">Memory permissions of the region</param>
-        private void AddProtection(ulong address, ulong size, MemoryPermission permission)
+        private void UpdateProtection(ulong address, ulong size, MemoryPermission permission)
         {
             ulong endAddress = address + size;
-            var overlaps = Array.Empty<IntervalTreeNode<ulong, MemoryPermission>>();
-            int count;
 
             lock (_protections)
             {
-                count = _protections.Get(address, endAddress, ref overlaps);
+                RangeNode<MemoryPermission> node = _protections.GetNodeByKey(address);
 
-                if (count == 1 &&
-                    overlaps[0].Start <= address &&
-                    overlaps[0].End >= endAddress &&
-                    overlaps[0].Value == permission)
+                if (node != null &&
+                    node.Start <= address &&
+                    node.End >= endAddress &&
+                    node.Value == permission)
                 {
                     return;
                 }
 
+                RangeNode<MemoryPermission> successorNode;
+
                 ulong startAddress = address;
 
-                for (int index = 0; index < count; index++)
+                for (; node != null; node = successorNode)
                 {
-                    var protection = overlaps[index];
+                    successorNode = node.Successor;
+                    var protection = node;
 
                     ulong protAddress = protection.Start;
                     ulong protEndAddress = protection.End;
@@ -610,17 +622,22 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
                     {
                         if (startAddress > protAddress)
                         {
-                            _protections.Add(protAddress, startAddress, protPermission);
+                            _protections.Add(new RangeNode<MemoryPermission>(protAddress, startAddress, protPermission));
                         }
 
                         if (endAddress < protEndAddress)
                         {
-                            _protections.Add(endAddress, protEndAddress, protPermission);
-                        }
+                            _protections.Add(new RangeNode<MemoryPermission>(endAddress, protEndAddress, protPermission));
                         }
                     }
 
-                _protections.Add(startAddress, endAddress, permission);
+                    if (node.End >= endAddress)
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                _protections.Add(new RangeNode<MemoryPermission>(startAddress, endAddress, permission));
             }
         }
 
@@ -632,16 +649,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
         private void RemoveProtection(ulong address, ulong size)
         {
             ulong endAddress = address + size;
-            var overlaps = Array.Empty<IntervalTreeNode<ulong, MemoryPermission>>();
-            int count;
 
             lock (_protections)
             {
-                count = _protections.Get(address, endAddress, ref overlaps);
+                RangeNode<MemoryPermission> node = _protections.GetNodeByKey(address);
+                RangeNode<MemoryPermission> successorNode;
 
-                for (int index = 0; index < count; index++)
+                for (; node != null; node = successorNode)
                 {
-                    var protection = overlaps[index];
+                    successorNode = node.Successor;
+                    var protection = node;
 
                     ulong protAddress = protection.Start;
                     ulong protEndAddress = protection.End;
@@ -651,12 +668,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
 
                     if (address > protAddress)
                     {
-                        _protections.Add(protAddress, address, protPermission);
+                        _protections.Add(new RangeNode<MemoryPermission>(protAddress, address, protPermission));
                     }
 
                     if (endAddress < protEndAddress)
                     {
-                        _protections.Add(endAddress, protEndAddress, protPermission);
+                        _protections.Add(new RangeNode<MemoryPermission>(endAddress, protEndAddress, protPermission));
+                    }
+
+                    if (node.End >= endAddress)
+                    {
+                        break;
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -670,12 +692,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
         private void RestoreRangeProtection(ulong address, ulong size)
         {
             ulong endAddress = address + size;
-            var overlaps = Array.Empty<IntervalTreeNode<ulong, MemoryPermission>>();
+            var overlaps = new RangeNode<MemoryPermission>[InitialOverlapsSize];
             int count;
 
             lock (_protections)
             {
-                count = _protections.Get(address, endAddress, ref overlaps);
+                count = _protections.GetNodes(address, endAddress, ref overlaps);
             }
 
             ulong startAddress = address;
@@ -684,6 +706,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
             {
                 var protection = overlaps[index];
 
+                // If protection is R/W we don't need to reprotect as views are initially mapped as R/W.
+                if (protection.Value == MemoryPermission.ReadAndWrite)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
                 ulong protAddress = protection.Start;
                 ulong protEndAddress = protection.End;