Restride vertex buffer when stride causes attributes to misalign in Vulkan. (#3679)

* Vertex Buffer Alignment part 1

* Update CacheByRange

* Add Stride Change compute shader, fix storage buffers in helpers

* An AMD exclusive

* Reword

* Change rules - stride conversion when attrs misalign

* Fix stupid mistake

* Fix background pipeline compile

* Improve a few things.

* Fix some feedback

* Address Feedback

(the shader binary didn't change when i changed the source to use the subgroup size)

* Fix bug where rewritten buffer would be disposed instantly.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 name: Bug Report
-about: Something doesn't work correctly in Ryujinx.
+about: Something doesn't work correctly in Ryujinx. Note that game-specific issues should be instead posted on the Game Compatibility List at https://github.com/Ryujinx/Ryujinx-Games-List, unless it is a provable regression.
 #assignees:
 ---
 

ARMeilleure/Common/AddressTable.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using ARMeilleure.Diagnostics.EventSources;
+using ARMeilleure.Diagnostics;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Common
 
             _pages.Add(page);
 
-            AddressTableEventSource.Log.Allocated(size, leaf);
+            TranslatorEventSource.Log.AddressTableAllocated(size, leaf);
 
             return page;
         }

ARMeilleure/Diagnostics/EventSources/AddressTableEventSource.cs

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-using System.Diagnostics.Tracing;
-
-namespace ARMeilleure.Diagnostics.EventSources
-{
-    [EventSource(Name = "ARMeilleure")]
-    class AddressTableEventSource : EventSource
-    {
-        public static readonly AddressTableEventSource Log = new();
-
-        private ulong _size;
-        private ulong _leafSize;
-        private PollingCounter _sizeCounter;
-        private PollingCounter _leafSizeCounter;
-
-        public AddressTableEventSource()
-        {
-            _sizeCounter = new PollingCounter("addr-tab-alloc", this, () => _size / 1024d / 1024d)
-            {
-                DisplayName = "AddressTable Total Bytes Allocated",
-                DisplayUnits = "MB"
-            };
-
-            _leafSizeCounter = new PollingCounter("addr-tab-leaf-alloc", this, () => _leafSize / 1024d / 1024d)
-            {
-                DisplayName = "AddressTable Total Leaf Bytes Allocated",
-                DisplayUnits = "MB"
-            };
-        }
-
-        public void Allocated(int bytes, bool leaf)
-        {
-            _size += (uint)bytes;
-
-            if (leaf)
-            {
-                _leafSize += (uint)bytes;
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
-        {
-            _leafSizeCounter.Dispose();
-            _leafSizeCounter = null;
-
-            _sizeCounter.Dispose();
-            _sizeCounter = null;
-
-            base.Dispose(disposing);
-        }
-    }
-}

ARMeilleure/Diagnostics/TranslatorEventSource.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+using System.Diagnostics.Tracing;
+using System.Threading;
+
+namespace ARMeilleure.Diagnostics
+{
+    [EventSource(Name = "ARMeilleure")]
+    class TranslatorEventSource : EventSource
+    {
+        public static readonly TranslatorEventSource Log = new();
+
+        private int _rejitQueue;
+        private ulong _funcTabSize;
+        private ulong _funcTabLeafSize;
+        private PollingCounter _rejitQueueCounter;
+        private PollingCounter _funcTabSizeCounter;
+        private PollingCounter _funcTabLeafSizeCounter;
+
+        public TranslatorEventSource()
+        {
+            _rejitQueueCounter = new PollingCounter("rejit-queue-length", this, () => _rejitQueue)
+            {
+                DisplayName = "Rejit Queue Length"
+            };
+
+            _funcTabSizeCounter = new PollingCounter("addr-tab-alloc", this, () => _funcTabSize / 1024d / 1024d)
+            {
+                DisplayName = "AddressTable Total Bytes Allocated",
+                DisplayUnits = "MB"
+            };
+
+            _funcTabLeafSizeCounter = new PollingCounter("addr-tab-leaf-alloc", this, () => _funcTabLeafSize / 1024d / 1024d)
+            {
+                DisplayName = "AddressTable Total Leaf Bytes Allocated",
+                DisplayUnits = "MB"
+            };
+        }
+
+        public void RejitQueueAdd(int count)
+        {
+            Interlocked.Add(ref _rejitQueue, count);
+        }
+
+        public void AddressTableAllocated(int bytes, bool leaf)
+        {
+            _funcTabSize += (uint)bytes;
+
+            if (leaf)
+            {
+                _funcTabLeafSize += (uint)bytes;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
+        {
+            _rejitQueueCounter.Dispose();
+            _rejitQueueCounter = null;
+
+            _funcTabLeafSizeCounter.Dispose();
+            _funcTabLeafSizeCounter = null;
+
+            _funcTabSizeCounter.Dispose();
+            _funcTabSizeCounter = null;
+
+            base.Dispose(disposing);
+        }
+    }
+}

ARMeilleure/Instructions/InstEmitSimdHelper.cs

@@ -1352,7 +1352,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
 
                 if (op.Size <= 2)
                 {
-                    de = EmitSatQ(context, emit(ne), op.Size, signedSrc: true, signedDst: true);
+                    de = EmitSignedSrcSatQ(context, emit(ne), op.Size, signedDst: true);
                 }
                 else /* if (op.Size == 3) */
                 {
@@ -1419,15 +1419,18 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
                     {
                         Operand temp = add ? context.Add(ne, me) : context.Subtract(ne, me);
 
-                        de = EmitSatQ(context, temp, op.Size, signedSrc: true, signedDst: signed);
+                        de = EmitSignedSrcSatQ(context, temp, op.Size, signedDst: signed);
                     }
-                    else if (add) /* if (op.Size == 3) */
+                    else /* if (op.Size == 3) */
                     {
-                        de = EmitBinarySatQAdd(context, ne, me, signed);
-                    }
-                    else /* if (sub) */
-                    {
-                        de = EmitBinarySatQSub(context, ne, me, signed);
+                        if (add)
+                        {
+                            de = signed ? EmitBinarySignedSatQAdd(context, ne, me) : EmitBinaryUnsignedSatQAdd(context, ne, me);
+                        }
+                        else /* if (sub) */
+                        {
+                            de = signed ? EmitBinarySignedSatQSub(context, ne, me) : EmitBinaryUnsignedSatQSub(context, ne, me);
+                        }
                     }
 
                     res = EmitVectorInsert(context, res, de, index, op.Size);
@@ -1445,11 +1448,11 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
                     {
                         Operand temp = context.Add(ne, me);
 
-                        de = EmitSatQ(context, temp, op.Size, signedSrc: true, signedDst: signed);
+                        de = EmitSignedSrcSatQ(context, temp, op.Size, signedDst: signed);
                     }
                     else /* if (op.Size == 3) */
                     {
-                        de = EmitBinarySatQAccumulate(context, ne, me, signed);
+                        de = signed ? EmitBinarySignedSatQAcc(context, ne, me) : EmitBinaryUnsignedSatQAcc(context, ne, me);
                     }
 
                     res = EmitVectorInsert(context, res, de, index, op.Size);
@@ -1475,7 +1478,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
                         me = EmitVectorExtract(context, ((OpCodeSimdReg)op).Rm, index, op.Size, signed);
                     }
 
-                    Operand de = EmitSatQ(context, emit(ne, me), op.Size, true, signed);
+                    Operand de = EmitSignedSrcSatQ(context, emit(ne, me), op.Size, signedDst: signed);
 
                     res = EmitVectorInsert(context, res, de, index, op.Size);
                 }
@@ -1520,7 +1523,9 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
             {
                 Operand ne = EmitVectorExtract(context, op.Rn, index, op.Size + 1, signedSrc);
 
-                Operand temp = EmitSatQ(context, ne, op.Size, signedSrc, signedDst);
+                Operand temp = signedSrc
+                    ? EmitSignedSrcSatQ(context, ne, op.Size, signedDst)
+                    : EmitUnsignedSrcSatQ(context, ne, op.Size, signedDst);
 
                 res = EmitVectorInsert(context, res, temp, part + index, op.Size);
             }
@@ -1528,74 +1533,248 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
             context.Copy(d, res);
         }
 
-        // TSrc (16bit, 32bit, 64bit; signed, unsigned) > TDst (8bit, 16bit, 32bit; signed, unsigned).
-        public static Operand EmitSatQ(ArmEmitterContext context, Operand op, int sizeDst, bool signedSrc, bool signedDst)
+        // TSrc (16bit, 32bit, 64bit; signed) > TDst (8bit, 16bit, 32bit; signed, unsigned).
+        // long SignedSrcSignedDstSatQ(long op, int size); ulong SignedSrcUnsignedDstSatQ(long op, int size);
+        public static Operand EmitSignedSrcSatQ(ArmEmitterContext context, Operand op, int sizeDst, bool signedDst)
         {
-            if ((uint)sizeDst > 2u)
-            {
-                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(sizeDst));
-            }
+            Debug.Assert(op.Type == OperandType.I64 && (uint)sizeDst <= 2u);
 
-            MethodInfo info;
+            Operand lbl1 = Label();
+            Operand lblEnd = Label();
 
-            if (signedSrc)
-            {
-                info = signedDst
-                    ? typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.SignedSrcSignedDstSatQ))
-                    : typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.SignedSrcUnsignedDstSatQ));
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                info = signedDst
-                    ? typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.UnsignedSrcSignedDstSatQ))
-                    : typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.UnsignedSrcUnsignedDstSatQ));
-            }
+            int eSize = 8 << sizeDst;
 
-            return context.Call(info, op, Const(sizeDst));
+            Operand maxT = signedDst ? Const((1L << (eSize - 1)) - 1L) : Const((1UL << eSize) - 1UL);
+            Operand minT = signedDst ? Const(-(1L << (eSize - 1))) : Const(0UL);
+
+            Operand res = context.Copy(context.AllocateLocal(OperandType.I64), op);
+
+            context.BranchIf(lbl1, res, maxT, Comparison.LessOrEqual);
+            context.Copy(res, maxT);
+            context.Call(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.SetFpsrQc)));
+            context.Branch(lblEnd);
+
+            context.MarkLabel(lbl1);
+            context.BranchIf(lblEnd, res, minT, Comparison.GreaterOrEqual);
+            context.Copy(res, minT);
+            context.Call(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.SetFpsrQc)));
+            context.Branch(lblEnd);
+
+            context.MarkLabel(lblEnd);
+
+            return res;
         }
 
-        // TSrc (64bit) == TDst (64bit); signed.
-        public static Operand EmitUnarySignedSatQAbsOrNeg(ArmEmitterContext context, Operand op)
+        // TSrc (16bit, 32bit, 64bit; unsigned) > TDst (8bit, 16bit, 32bit; signed, unsigned).
+        // long UnsignedSrcSignedDstSatQ(ulong op, int size); ulong UnsignedSrcUnsignedDstSatQ(ulong op, int size);
+        public static Operand EmitUnsignedSrcSatQ(ArmEmitterContext context, Operand op, int sizeDst, bool signedDst)
         {
-            Debug.Assert(((OpCodeSimd)context.CurrOp).Size == 3, "Invalid element size.");
+            Debug.Assert(op.Type == OperandType.I64 && (uint)sizeDst <= 2u);
 
-            return context.Call(typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.UnarySignedSatQAbsOrNeg)), op);
+            Operand lblEnd = Label();
+
+            int eSize = 8 << sizeDst;
+
+            Operand maxL = signedDst ? Const((1L << (eSize - 1)) - 1L) : Const((1UL << eSize) - 1UL);
+
+            Operand res = context.Copy(context.AllocateLocal(OperandType.I64), op);
+
+            context.BranchIf(lblEnd, res, maxL, Comparison.LessOrEqualUI);
+            context.Copy(res, maxL);
+            context.Call(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.SetFpsrQc)));
+            context.Branch(lblEnd);
+
+            context.MarkLabel(lblEnd);
+
+            return res;
         }
 
-        // TSrcs (64bit) == TDst (64bit); signed, unsigned.
-        public static Operand EmitBinarySatQAdd(ArmEmitterContext context, Operand op1, Operand op2, bool signed)
+        // long UnarySignedSatQAbsOrNeg(long op);
+        private static Operand EmitUnarySignedSatQAbsOrNeg(ArmEmitterContext context, Operand op)
         {
-            Debug.Assert(((OpCodeSimd)context.CurrOp).Size == 3, "Invalid element size.");
+            Debug.Assert(op.Type == OperandType.I64);
 
-            MethodInfo info = signed
-                ? typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.BinarySignedSatQAdd))
-                : typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.BinaryUnsignedSatQAdd));
+            Operand lblEnd = Label();
 
-            return context.Call(info, op1, op2);
+            Operand minL = Const(long.MinValue);
+            Operand maxL = Const(long.MaxValue);
+
+            Operand res = context.Copy(context.AllocateLocal(OperandType.I64), op);
+
+            context.BranchIf(lblEnd, res, minL, Comparison.NotEqual);
+            context.Copy(res, maxL);
+            context.Call(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.SetFpsrQc)));
+            context.Branch(lblEnd);
+
+            context.MarkLabel(lblEnd);
+
+            return res;
         }
 
-        // TSrcs (64bit) == TDst (64bit); signed, unsigned.
-        public static Operand EmitBinarySatQSub(ArmEmitterContext context, Operand op1, Operand op2, bool signed)
+        // long BinarySignedSatQAdd(long op1, long op2);
+        private static Operand EmitBinarySignedSatQAdd(ArmEmitterContext context, Operand op1, Operand op2)
         {
-            Debug.Assert(((OpCodeSimd)context.CurrOp).Size == 3, "Invalid element size.");
+            Debug.Assert(op1.Type == OperandType.I64 && op2.Type == OperandType.I64);
 
-            MethodInfo info = signed
-                ? typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.BinarySignedSatQSub))
-                : typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.BinaryUnsignedSatQSub));
+            Operand lblEnd = Label();
 
-            return context.Call(info, op1, op2);
+            Operand minL = Const(long.MinValue);
+            Operand maxL = Const(long.MaxValue);
+            Operand zero = Const(0L);
+
+            Operand res = context.Copy(context.AllocateLocal(OperandType.I64), context.Add(op1, op2));
+
+            Operand left = context.BitwiseNot(context.BitwiseExclusiveOr(op1, op2));
+            Operand right = context.BitwiseExclusiveOr(op1, res);
+            context.BranchIf(lblEnd, context.BitwiseAnd(left, right), zero, Comparison.GreaterOrEqual);
+
+            Operand isPositive = context.ICompareGreaterOrEqual(op1, zero);
+            context.Copy(res, context.ConditionalSelect(isPositive, maxL, minL));
+            context.Call(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.SetFpsrQc)));
+            context.Branch(lblEnd);
+
+            context.MarkLabel(lblEnd);
+
+            return res;
         }
 
-        // TSrcs (64bit) == TDst (64bit); signed, unsigned.
-        public static Operand EmitBinarySatQAccumulate(ArmEmitterContext context, Operand op1, Operand op2, bool signed)
+        // ulong BinaryUnsignedSatQAdd(ulong op1, ulong op2);
+        private static Operand EmitBinaryUnsignedSatQAdd(ArmEmitterContext context, Operand op1, Operand op2)
         {
-            Debug.Assert(((OpCodeSimd)context.CurrOp).Size == 3, "Invalid element size.");
+            Debug.Assert(op1.Type == OperandType.I64 && op2.Type == OperandType.I64);
 
-            MethodInfo info = signed
-                ? typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.BinarySignedSatQAcc))
-                : typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.BinaryUnsignedSatQAcc));
+            Operand lblEnd = Label();
 
-            return context.Call(info, op1, op2);
+            Operand maxUL = Const(ulong.MaxValue);
+
+            Operand res = context.Copy(context.AllocateLocal(OperandType.I64), context.Add(op1, op2));
+
+            context.BranchIf(lblEnd, res, op1, Comparison.GreaterOrEqualUI);
+            context.Copy(res, maxUL);
+            context.Call(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.SetFpsrQc)));
+            context.Branch(lblEnd);
+
+            context.MarkLabel(lblEnd);
+
+            return res;
+        }
+
+        // long BinarySignedSatQSub(long op1, long op2);
+        private static Operand EmitBinarySignedSatQSub(ArmEmitterContext context, Operand op1, Operand op2)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(op1.Type == OperandType.I64 && op2.Type == OperandType.I64);
+
+            Operand lblEnd = Label();
+
+            Operand minL = Const(long.MinValue);
+            Operand maxL = Const(long.MaxValue);
+            Operand zero = Const(0L);
+
+            Operand res = context.Copy(context.AllocateLocal(OperandType.I64), context.Subtract(op1, op2));
+
+            Operand left = context.BitwiseExclusiveOr(op1, op2);
+            Operand right = context.BitwiseExclusiveOr(op1, res);
+            context.BranchIf(lblEnd, context.BitwiseAnd(left, right), zero, Comparison.GreaterOrEqual);
+
+            Operand isPositive = context.ICompareGreaterOrEqual(op1, zero);
+            context.Copy(res, context.ConditionalSelect(isPositive, maxL, minL));
+            context.Call(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.SetFpsrQc)));
+            context.Branch(lblEnd);
+
+            context.MarkLabel(lblEnd);
+
+            return res;
+        }
+
+        // ulong BinaryUnsignedSatQSub(ulong op1, ulong op2);
+        private static Operand EmitBinaryUnsignedSatQSub(ArmEmitterContext context, Operand op1, Operand op2)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(op1.Type == OperandType.I64 && op2.Type == OperandType.I64);
+
+            Operand lblEnd = Label();
+
+            Operand zero = Const(0L);
+
+            Operand res = context.Copy(context.AllocateLocal(OperandType.I64), context.Subtract(op1, op2));
+
+            context.BranchIf(lblEnd, op1, op2, Comparison.GreaterOrEqualUI);
+            context.Copy(res, zero);
+            context.Call(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.SetFpsrQc)));
+            context.Branch(lblEnd);
+
+            context.MarkLabel(lblEnd);
+
+            return res;
+        }
+
+        // long BinarySignedSatQAcc(ulong op1, long op2);
+        private static Operand EmitBinarySignedSatQAcc(ArmEmitterContext context, Operand op1, Operand op2)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(op1.Type == OperandType.I64 && op2.Type == OperandType.I64);
+
+            Operand lbl1 = Label();
+            Operand lbl2 = Label();
+            Operand lblEnd = Label();
+
+            Operand maxL = Const(long.MaxValue);
+            Operand zero = Const(0L);
+
+            Operand res = context.Copy(context.AllocateLocal(OperandType.I64), context.Add(op1, op2));
+
+            context.BranchIf(lbl1, op1, maxL, Comparison.GreaterUI);
+            Operand notOp2AndRes = context.BitwiseAnd(context.BitwiseNot(op2), res);
+            context.BranchIf(lblEnd, notOp2AndRes, zero, Comparison.GreaterOrEqual);
+            context.Copy(res, maxL);
+            context.Call(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.SetFpsrQc)));
+            context.Branch(lblEnd);
+
+            context.MarkLabel(lbl1);
+            context.BranchIf(lbl2, op2, zero, Comparison.Less);
+            context.Copy(res, maxL);
+            context.Call(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.SetFpsrQc)));
+            context.Branch(lblEnd);
+
+            context.MarkLabel(lbl2);
+            context.BranchIf(lblEnd, res, maxL, Comparison.LessOrEqualUI);
+            context.Copy(res, maxL);
+            context.Call(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.SetFpsrQc)));
+            context.Branch(lblEnd);
+
+            context.MarkLabel(lblEnd);
+
+            return res;
+        }
+
+        // ulong BinaryUnsignedSatQAcc(long op1, ulong op2);
+        private static Operand EmitBinaryUnsignedSatQAcc(ArmEmitterContext context, Operand op1, Operand op2)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(op1.Type == OperandType.I64 && op2.Type == OperandType.I64);
+
+            Operand lbl1 = Label();
+            Operand lblEnd = Label();
+
+            Operand maxUL = Const(ulong.MaxValue);
+            Operand maxL = Const(long.MaxValue);
+            Operand zero = Const(0L);
+
+            Operand res = context.Copy(context.AllocateLocal(OperandType.I64), context.Add(op1, op2));
+
+            context.BranchIf(lbl1, op1, zero, Comparison.Less);
+            context.BranchIf(lblEnd, res, op1, Comparison.GreaterOrEqualUI);
+            context.Copy(res, maxUL);
+            context.Call(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.SetFpsrQc)));
+            context.Branch(lblEnd);
+
+            context.MarkLabel(lbl1);
+            context.BranchIf(lblEnd, op2, maxL, Comparison.GreaterUI);
+            context.BranchIf(lblEnd, res, zero, Comparison.GreaterOrEqual);
+            context.Copy(res, zero);
+            context.Call(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.SetFpsrQc)));
+            context.Branch(lblEnd);
+
+            context.MarkLabel(lblEnd);
+
+            return res;
         }
 
         public static Operand EmitFloatAbs(ArmEmitterContext context, Operand value, bool single, bool vector)

ARMeilleure/Instructions/InstEmitSimdShift.cs

@@ -1004,7 +1004,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
                     e = EmitShrImm64(context, e, signedSrc, roundConst, shift); // shift <= 32
                 }
 
-                e = EmitSatQ(context, e, op.Size, signedSrc, signedDst);
+                e = signedSrc ? EmitSignedSrcSatQ(context, e, op.Size, signedDst) : EmitUnsignedSrcSatQ(context, e, op.Size, signedDst);
 
                 res = EmitVectorInsert(context, res, e, part + index, op.Size);
             }

ARMeilleure/Instructions/SoftFallback.cs

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
                 }
                 else /* if (eSize != 64) */
                 {
-                    return SignedSrcSignedDstSatQ(value << shiftLsB, size);
+                    return SignedSrcSignedDstSatQ(value << shiftLsB, size); // InstEmitSimdHelper.EmitSignedSrcSatQ(signedDst: true).
                 }
             }
             else /* if (shiftLsB == 0) */
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
                 }
                 else /* if (eSize != 64) */
                 {
-                    return UnsignedSrcUnsignedDstSatQ(value << shiftLsB, size);
+                    return UnsignedSrcUnsignedDstSatQ(value << shiftLsB, size); // InstEmitSimdHelper.EmitUnsignedSrcSatQ(signedDst: false).
                 }
             }
             else /* if (shiftLsB == 0) */
@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
 #endregion
 
 #region "Saturating"
-        public static long SignedSrcSignedDstSatQ(long op, int size)
+        private static long SignedSrcSignedDstSatQ(long op, int size)
         {
             ExecutionContext context = NativeInterface.GetContext();
 
@@ -536,54 +536,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
             }
         }
 
-        public static ulong SignedSrcUnsignedDstSatQ(long op, int size)
-        {
-            ExecutionContext context = NativeInterface.GetContext();
-
-            int eSize = 8 << size;
-
-            ulong tMaxValue = (1UL << eSize) - 1UL;
-            ulong tMinValue =  0UL;
-
-            if (op > (long)tMaxValue)
-            {
-                context.Fpsr |= FPSR.Qc;
-
-                return tMaxValue;
-            }
-            else if (op < (long)tMinValue)
-            {
-                context.Fpsr |= FPSR.Qc;
-
-                return tMinValue;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                return (ulong)op;
-            }
-        }
-
-        public static long UnsignedSrcSignedDstSatQ(ulong op, int size)
-        {
-            ExecutionContext context = NativeInterface.GetContext();
-
-            int eSize = 8 << size;
-
-            long tMaxValue = (1L << (eSize - 1)) - 1L;
-
-            if (op > (ulong)tMaxValue)
-            {
-                context.Fpsr |= FPSR.Qc;
-
-                return tMaxValue;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                return (long)op;
-            }
-        }
-
-        public static ulong UnsignedSrcUnsignedDstSatQ(ulong op, int size)
+        private static ulong UnsignedSrcUnsignedDstSatQ(ulong op, int size)
         {
             ExecutionContext context = NativeInterface.GetContext();
 
@@ -602,208 +555,6 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
                 return op;
             }
         }
-
-        public static long UnarySignedSatQAbsOrNeg(long op)
-        {
-            ExecutionContext context = NativeInterface.GetContext();
-
-            if (op == long.MinValue)
-            {
-                context.Fpsr |= FPSR.Qc;
-
-                return long.MaxValue;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                return op;
-            }
-        }
-
-        public static long BinarySignedSatQAdd(long op1, long op2)
-        {
-            ExecutionContext context = NativeInterface.GetContext();
-
-            long add = op1 + op2;
-
-            if ((~(op1 ^ op2) & (op1 ^ add)) < 0L)
-            {
-                context.Fpsr |= FPSR.Qc;
-
-                if (op1 < 0L)
-                {
-                    return long.MinValue;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    return long.MaxValue;
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                return add;
-            }
-        }
-
-        public static ulong BinaryUnsignedSatQAdd(ulong op1, ulong op2)
-        {
-            ExecutionContext context = NativeInterface.GetContext();
-
-            ulong add = op1 + op2;
-
-            if ((add < op1) && (add < op2))
-            {
-                context.Fpsr |= FPSR.Qc;
-
-                return ulong.MaxValue;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                return add;
-            }
-        }
-
-        public static long BinarySignedSatQSub(long op1, long op2)
-        {
-            ExecutionContext context = NativeInterface.GetContext();
-
-            long sub = op1 - op2;
-
-            if (((op1 ^ op2) & (op1 ^ sub)) < 0L)
-            {
-                context.Fpsr |= FPSR.Qc;
-
-                if (op1 < 0L)
-                {
-                    return long.MinValue;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    return long.MaxValue;
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                return sub;
-            }
-        }
-
-        public static ulong BinaryUnsignedSatQSub(ulong op1, ulong op2)
-        {
-            ExecutionContext context = NativeInterface.GetContext();
-
-            ulong sub = op1 - op2;
-
-            if (op1 < op2)
-            {
-                context.Fpsr |= FPSR.Qc;
-
-                return ulong.MinValue;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                return sub;
-            }
-        }
-
-        public static long BinarySignedSatQAcc(ulong op1, long op2)
-        {
-            ExecutionContext context = NativeInterface.GetContext();
-
-            if (op1 <= (ulong)long.MaxValue)
-            {
-                // op1 from ulong.MinValue to (ulong)long.MaxValue
-                // op2 from long.MinValue to long.MaxValue
-
-                long add = (long)op1 + op2;
-
-                if ((~op2 & add) < 0L)
-                {
-                    context.Fpsr |= FPSR.Qc;
-
-                    return long.MaxValue;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    return add;
-                }
-            }
-            else if (op2 >= 0L)
-            {
-                // op1 from (ulong)long.MaxValue + 1UL to ulong.MaxValue
-                // op2 from (long)ulong.MinValue to long.MaxValue
-
-                context.Fpsr |= FPSR.Qc;
-
-                return long.MaxValue;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                // op1 from (ulong)long.MaxValue + 1UL to ulong.MaxValue
-                // op2 from long.MinValue to (long)ulong.MinValue - 1L
-
-                ulong add = op1 + (ulong)op2;
-
-                if (add > (ulong)long.MaxValue)
-                {
-                    context.Fpsr |= FPSR.Qc;
-
-                    return long.MaxValue;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    return (long)add;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        public static ulong BinaryUnsignedSatQAcc(long op1, ulong op2)
-        {
-            ExecutionContext context = NativeInterface.GetContext();
-
-            if (op1 >= 0L)
-            {
-                // op1 from (long)ulong.MinValue to long.MaxValue
-                // op2 from ulong.MinValue to ulong.MaxValue
-
-                ulong add = (ulong)op1 + op2;
-
-                if ((add < (ulong)op1) && (add < op2))
-                {
-                    context.Fpsr |= FPSR.Qc;
-
-                    return ulong.MaxValue;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    return add;
-                }
-            }
-            else if (op2 > (ulong)long.MaxValue)
-            {
-                // op1 from long.MinValue to (long)ulong.MinValue - 1L
-                // op2 from (ulong)long.MaxValue + 1UL to ulong.MaxValue
-
-                return (ulong)op1 + op2;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                // op1 from long.MinValue to (long)ulong.MinValue - 1L
-                // op2 from ulong.MinValue to (ulong)long.MaxValue
-
-                long add = op1 + (long)op2;
-
-                if (add < (long)ulong.MinValue)
-                {
-                    context.Fpsr |= FPSR.Qc;
-
-                    return ulong.MinValue;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    return (ulong)add;
-                }
-            }
-        }
 #endregion
 
 #region "Count"

ARMeilleure/Translation/Delegates.cs

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.SetFpcr)));
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.SetFpscr))); // A32 only.
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.SetFpsr)));
-            SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.SetFpsrQc))); // A32 only.
+            SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.SetFpsrQc)));
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.SetTpidrEl0)));
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.SetTpidrEl032))); // A32 only.
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.SignalMemoryTracking)));
@@ -140,12 +140,6 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.WriteUInt64)));
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(NativeInterface).GetMethod(nameof(NativeInterface.WriteVector128)));
 
-            SetDelegateInfo(typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.BinarySignedSatQAcc)));
-            SetDelegateInfo(typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.BinarySignedSatQAdd)));
-            SetDelegateInfo(typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.BinarySignedSatQSub)));
-            SetDelegateInfo(typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.BinaryUnsignedSatQAcc)));
-            SetDelegateInfo(typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.BinaryUnsignedSatQAdd)));
-            SetDelegateInfo(typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.BinaryUnsignedSatQSub)));
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.CountLeadingSigns)));
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.CountLeadingZeros)));
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.Crc32b)));
@@ -188,8 +182,6 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.SignedShlReg)));
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.SignedShlRegSatQ)));
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.SignedShrImm64)));
-            SetDelegateInfo(typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.SignedSrcSignedDstSatQ)));
-            SetDelegateInfo(typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.SignedSrcUnsignedDstSatQ)));
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.Tbl1)));
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.Tbl2)));
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.Tbl3)));
@@ -198,12 +190,9 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.Tbx2)));
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.Tbx3)));
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.Tbx4)));
-            SetDelegateInfo(typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.UnarySignedSatQAbsOrNeg)));
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.UnsignedShlReg)));
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.UnsignedShlRegSatQ)));
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.UnsignedShrImm64)));
-            SetDelegateInfo(typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.UnsignedSrcSignedDstSatQ)));
-            SetDelegateInfo(typeof(SoftFallback).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFallback.UnsignedSrcUnsignedDstSatQ)));
 
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(SoftFloat16_32).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFloat16_32.FPConvert)));
             SetDelegateInfo(typeof(SoftFloat16_64).GetMethod(nameof(SoftFloat16_64.FPConvert)));

ARMeilleure/Translation/IntervalTree.cs

@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
 
         public int Count => _count;
 
-        public IntervalTree() { }
-
         #region Public Methods
 
         /// <summary>

ARMeilleure/Translation/PTC/Ptc.cs

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
         private const string OuterHeaderMagicString = "PTCohd\0\0";
         private const string InnerHeaderMagicString = "PTCihd\0\0";
 
-        private const uint InternalVersion = 3585; //! To be incremented manually for each change to the ARMeilleure project.
+        private const uint InternalVersion = 3666; //! To be incremented manually for each change to the ARMeilleure project.
 
         private const string ActualDir = "0";
         private const string BackupDir = "1";

ARMeilleure/Translation/Translator.cs

@@ -44,15 +44,11 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
         private readonly IJitMemoryAllocator _allocator;
         private readonly ConcurrentQueue<KeyValuePair<ulong, TranslatedFunction>> _oldFuncs;
 
-        private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<ulong, object> _backgroundSet;
-        private readonly ConcurrentStack<RejitRequest> _backgroundStack;
-        private readonly AutoResetEvent _backgroundTranslatorEvent;
-        private readonly ReaderWriterLock _backgroundTranslatorLock;
-
         internal TranslatorCache<TranslatedFunction> Functions { get; }
         internal AddressTable<ulong> FunctionTable { get; }
         internal EntryTable<uint> CountTable { get; }
         internal TranslatorStubs Stubs { get; }
+        internal TranslatorQueue Queue { get; }
         internal IMemoryManager Memory { get; }
 
         private volatile int _threadCount;
@@ -67,10 +63,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
 
             _oldFuncs = new ConcurrentQueue<KeyValuePair<ulong, TranslatedFunction>>();
 
-            _backgroundSet = new ConcurrentDictionary<ulong, object>();
-            _backgroundStack = new ConcurrentStack<RejitRequest>();
-            _backgroundTranslatorEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);
-            _backgroundTranslatorLock = new ReaderWriterLock();
+            Queue = new TranslatorQueue();
 
             JitCache.Initialize(allocator);
 
@@ -87,43 +80,6 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
             }
         }
 
-        private void TranslateStackedSubs()
-        {
-            while (_threadCount != 0)
-            {
-                _backgroundTranslatorLock.AcquireReaderLock(Timeout.Infinite);
-
-                if (_backgroundStack.TryPop(out RejitRequest request) &&
-                    _backgroundSet.TryRemove(request.Address, out _))
-                {
-                    TranslatedFunction func = Translate(request.Address, request.Mode, highCq: true);
-
-                    Functions.AddOrUpdate(request.Address, func.GuestSize, func, (key, oldFunc) =>
-                    {
-                        EnqueueForDeletion(key, oldFunc);
-                        return func;
-                    });
-
-                    if (PtcProfiler.Enabled)
-                    {
-                        PtcProfiler.UpdateEntry(request.Address, request.Mode, highCq: true);
-                    }
-
-                    RegisterFunction(request.Address, func);
-
-                    _backgroundTranslatorLock.ReleaseReaderLock();
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    _backgroundTranslatorLock.ReleaseReaderLock();
-                    _backgroundTranslatorEvent.WaitOne();
-                }
-            }
-
-             // Wake up any other background translator threads, to encourage them to exit.
-            _backgroundTranslatorEvent.Set();
-        }
-
         public void Execute(State.ExecutionContext context, ulong address)
         {
             if (Interlocked.Increment(ref _threadCount) == 1)
@@ -155,7 +111,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
                 {
                     bool last = i != 0 && i == unboundedThreadCount - 1;
 
-                    Thread backgroundTranslatorThread = new Thread(TranslateStackedSubs)
+                    Thread backgroundTranslatorThread = new Thread(BackgroundTranslate)
                     {
                         Name = "CPU.BackgroundTranslatorThread." + i,
                         Priority = last ? ThreadPriority.Lowest : ThreadPriority.Normal
@@ -186,10 +142,9 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
 
             if (Interlocked.Decrement(ref _threadCount) == 0)
             {
-                _backgroundTranslatorEvent.Set();
-
                 ClearJitCache();
 
+                Queue.Dispose();
                 Stubs.Dispose();
                 FunctionTable.Dispose();
                 CountTable.Dispose();
@@ -317,6 +272,27 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
             return new TranslatedFunction(func, counter, funcSize, highCq);
         }
 
+        private void BackgroundTranslate()
+        {
+            while (_threadCount != 0 && Queue.TryDequeue(out RejitRequest request))
+            {
+                TranslatedFunction func = Translate(request.Address, request.Mode, highCq: true);
+
+                Functions.AddOrUpdate(request.Address, func.GuestSize, func, (key, oldFunc) =>
+                {
+                    EnqueueForDeletion(key, oldFunc);
+                    return func;
+                });
+
+                if (PtcProfiler.Enabled)
+                {
+                    PtcProfiler.UpdateEntry(request.Address, request.Mode, highCq: true);
+                }
+
+                RegisterFunction(request.Address, func);
+            }
+        }
+
         private struct Range
         {
             public ulong Start { get; }
@@ -504,11 +480,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
 
         internal void EnqueueForRejit(ulong guestAddress, ExecutionMode mode)
         {
-            if (_backgroundSet.TryAdd(guestAddress, null))
-            {
-                _backgroundStack.Push(new RejitRequest(guestAddress, mode));
-                _backgroundTranslatorEvent.Set();
-            }
+            Queue.Enqueue(guestAddress, mode);
         }
 
         private void EnqueueForDeletion(ulong guestAddress, TranslatedFunction func)
@@ -542,26 +514,23 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
 
         private void ClearRejitQueue(bool allowRequeue)
         {
-            _backgroundTranslatorLock.AcquireWriterLock(Timeout.Infinite);
-
-            if (allowRequeue)
+            if (!allowRequeue)
             {
-                while (_backgroundStack.TryPop(out var request))
+                Queue.Clear();
+
+                return;
+            }
+
+            lock (Queue.Sync)
+            {
+                while (Queue.Count > 0 && Queue.TryDequeue(out RejitRequest request))
                 {
                     if (Functions.TryGetValue(request.Address, out var func) && func.CallCounter != null)
                     {
                         Volatile.Write(ref func.CallCounter.Value, 0);
                     }
-
-                    _backgroundSet.TryRemove(request.Address, out _);
                 }
             }
-            else
-            {
-                _backgroundStack.Clear();
-            }
-
-            _backgroundTranslatorLock.ReleaseWriterLock();
         }
     }
 }

ARMeilleure/Translation/TranslatorQueue.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+using ARMeilleure.Diagnostics;
+using ARMeilleure.State;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Threading;
+
+namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Represents a queue of <see cref="RejitRequest"/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// This does not necessarily behave like a queue, i.e: a FIFO collection.
+    /// </remarks>
+    sealed class TranslatorQueue : IDisposable
+    {
+        private bool _disposed;
+        private readonly Stack<RejitRequest> _requests;
+        private readonly HashSet<ulong> _requestAddresses;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the object used to synchronize access to the <see cref="TranslatorQueue"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        public object Sync { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the number of requests in the <see cref="TranslatorQueue"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int Count => _requests.Count;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="TranslatorQueue"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        public TranslatorQueue()
+        {
+            Sync = new object();
+
+            _requests = new Stack<RejitRequest>();
+            _requestAddresses = new HashSet<ulong>();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Enqueues a request with the specified <paramref name="address"/> and <paramref name="mode"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="address">Address of request</param>
+        /// <param name="mode"><see cref="ExecutionMode"/> of request</param>
+        public void Enqueue(ulong address, ExecutionMode mode)
+        {
+            lock (Sync)
+            {
+                if (_requestAddresses.Add(address))
+                {
+                    _requests.Push(new RejitRequest(address, mode));
+
+                    TranslatorEventSource.Log.RejitQueueAdd(1);
+
+                    Monitor.Pulse(Sync);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Tries to dequeue a <see cref="RejitRequest"/>. This will block the thread until a <see cref="RejitRequest"/>
+        /// is enqueued or the <see cref="TranslatorQueue"/> is disposed.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="result"><see cref="RejitRequest"/> dequeued</param>
+        /// <returns><see langword="true"/> on success; otherwise <see langword="false"/></returns>
+        public bool TryDequeue(out RejitRequest result)
+        {
+            while (!_disposed)
+            {
+                lock (Sync)
+                {
+                    if (_requests.TryPop(out result))
+                    {
+                        _requestAddresses.Remove(result.Address);
+
+                        TranslatorEventSource.Log.RejitQueueAdd(-1);
+
+                        return true;
+                    }
+
+                    Monitor.Wait(Sync);
+                }
+            }
+
+            result = default;
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Clears the <see cref="TranslatorQueue"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Clear()
+        {
+            lock (Sync)
+            {
+                TranslatorEventSource.Log.RejitQueueAdd(-_requests.Count);
+
+                _requests.Clear();
+                _requestAddresses.Clear();
+
+                Monitor.PulseAll(Sync);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Releases all resources used by the <see cref="TranslatorQueue"/> instance.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            if (!_disposed)
+            {
+                _disposed = true;
+
+                Clear();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Assets/Locales/ja_JP.json

@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@
   "GameListContextMenuOpenModsDirectory": "Modディレクトリを開く",
   "GameListContextMenuOpenModsDirectoryToolTip": "アプリケーションの Mod データを格納するディレクトリを開きます",
   "GameListContextMenuCacheManagement": "キャッシュ管理",
-  "GameListContextMenuCacheManagementPurgePptc": "PPTC キャッシュを破棄",
-  "GameListContextMenuCacheManagementPurgePptcToolTip": "アプリケーションの PPTC キャッシュを破棄します",
+  "GameListContextMenuCacheManagementPurgePptc": "PPTC を再構築",
+  "GameListContextMenuCacheManagementPurgePptcToolTip": "次回のゲーム起動時に PPTC を再構築します",
   "GameListContextMenuCacheManagementPurgeShaderCache": "シェーダキャッシュを破棄",
   "GameListContextMenuCacheManagementPurgeShaderCacheToolTip": "アプリケーションのシェーダキャッシュを破棄します",
   "GameListContextMenuCacheManagementOpenPptcDirectory": "PPTC ディレクトリを開く",
@@ -121,9 +121,9 @@
   "SettingsTabSystemHacksNote": " (挙動が不安定になる可能性があります)",
   "SettingsTabSystemExpandDramSize": "DRAMサイズを6GBに拡大",
   "SettingsTabSystemIgnoreMissingServices": "未実装サービスを無視",
-  "SettingsTabGraphics": "グラフィクス",
-  "SettingsTabGraphicsEnhancements": "拡張",
-  "SettingsTabGraphicsEnableShaderCache": "シェーダキャッシュ",
+  "SettingsTabGraphics": "グラフィックス",
+  "SettingsTabGraphicsAPI": "グラフィックスAPI",
+  "SettingsTabGraphicsEnableShaderCache": "シェーダキャッシュを有効",
   "SettingsTabGraphicsAnisotropicFiltering": "異方性フィルタリング:",
   "SettingsTabGraphicsAnisotropicFilteringAuto": "自動",
   "SettingsTabGraphicsAnisotropicFiltering2x": "2x",
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@
   "SettingsTabGraphicsAspectRatio32x9": "32:9",
   "SettingsTabGraphicsAspectRatioStretch": "ウインドウサイズに合わせる",
   "SettingsTabGraphicsDeveloperOptions": "開発者向けオプション",
-  "SettingsTabGraphicsShaderDumpPath": "グラフィクス シェーダダンプパス:",
+  "SettingsTabGraphicsShaderDumpPath": "グラフィックス シェーダダンプパス:",
   "SettingsTabLogging": "ロギング",
   "SettingsTabLoggingLogging": "ロギング",
   "SettingsTabLoggingEnableLoggingToFile": "ファイルへのロギングを有効",
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@
   "DialogProfileDeleteProfileTitle": "プロファイルを削除中",
   "DialogProfileDeleteProfileMessage": "このアクションは元に戻せません. 本当に続けてよろしいですか?",
   "DialogWarning": "警告",
-  "DialogPPTCDeletionMessage": "PPTC キャッシュを破棄しようとしています:\n\n{0}\n\n実行してよろしいですか?",
+  "DialogPPTCDeletionMessage": "次回起動時に PPTC を再構築します:\n\n{0}\n\n実行してよろしいですか?",
   "DialogPPTCDeletionErrorMessage": "PPTC キャッシュ破棄エラー {0}: {1}",
   "DialogShaderDeletionMessage": "シェーダキャッシュを破棄しようとしています:\n\n{0}\n\n実行してよろしいですか?",
   "DialogShaderDeletionErrorMessage": "シェーダキャッシュ破棄エラー {0}: {1}",
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@
   "DialogSettingsBackendThreadingWarningTitle": "警告 - バックエンドスレッディング",
   "DialogSettingsBackendThreadingWarningMessage": "このオプションの変更を完全に適用するには Ryujinx の再起動が必要です. プラットフォームによっては, Ryujinx のものを使用する前に手動でドライバ自身のマルチスレッディングを無効にする必要があるかもしれません.",
   "SettingsTabGraphicsFeaturesOptions": "機能",
-  "SettingsTabGraphicsBackendMultithreading": "グラフィクスバックエンドのマルチスレッド実行:",
+  "SettingsTabGraphicsBackendMultithreading": "グラフィックスバックエンドのマルチスレッド実行:",
   "CommonAuto": "自動",
   "CommonOff": "オフ",
   "CommonOn": "オン",
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@
   "CustomThemeCheckTooltip": "エミュレータのメニュー外観を変更するためカスタム Avalonia テーマを使用します",
   "CustomThemePathTooltip": "カスタム GUI テーマのパスです",
   "CustomThemeBrowseTooltip": "カスタム GUI テーマを参照します",
-  "DockModeToggleTooltip": "有効にすると,ドッキングされた Nintendo Switch をエミュレートします.多くのゲームではグラフィクス品質が向上します.\n無効にすると,携帯モードの Nintendo Switch をエミュレートします.グラフィクスの品質は低下します.\n\nドッキングモード有効ならプレイヤー1の,無効なら携帯の入力を設定してください.\n\nよくわからない場合はオンのままにしてください.",
+  "DockModeToggleTooltip": "有効にすると,ドッキングされた Nintendo Switch をエミュレートします.多くのゲームではグラフィックス品質が向上します.\n無効にすると,携帯モードの Nintendo Switch をエミュレートします.グラフィックスの品質は低下します.\n\nドッキングモード有効ならプレイヤー1の,無効なら携帯の入力を設定してください.\n\nよくわからない場合はオンのままにしてください.",
   "DirectKeyboardTooltip": "キーボード直接アクセス (HID) に対応します. キーボードをテキスト入力デバイスとして使用できます.",
   "DirectMouseTooltip": "マウス直接アクセス (HID) に対応します. マウスをポインティングデバイスとして使用できます.",
   "RegionTooltip": "システムの地域を変更します",
@@ -442,14 +442,14 @@
   "MemoryManagerUnsafeTooltip": "メモリを直接マップしますが, アクセス前にゲストのアドレス空間内のアドレスをマスクしません. より高速になりますが, 安全性が犠牲になります. ゲストアプリケーションは Ryujinx のどこからでもメモリにアクセスできるので,このモードでは信頼できるプログラムだけを実行するようにしてください.",
   "DRamTooltip": "エミュレートされたシステムのメモリ容量を 4GB から 6GB に増加します.\n\n高解像度のテクスチャパックや 4K解像度の mod を使用する場合に有用です. パフォーマンスを改善するものではありません.\n\nよくわからない場合はオフのままにしてください.",
   "IgnoreMissingServicesTooltip": "未実装の Horizon OS サービスを無視します. 特定のゲームにおいて起動時のクラッシュを回避できる場合があります.\n\nよくわからない場合はオフのままにしてください.",
-  "GraphicsBackendThreadingTooltip": "グラフィクスバックエンドのコマンドを別スレッドで実行します.\n\nシェーダのコンパイルを高速化し, 遅延を軽減し, マルチスレッド非対応の GPU ドライバにおいてパフォーマンスを改善します. マルチスレッド対応のドライバでも若干パフォーマンス改善が見られます.\n\nよくわからない場合は自動に設定してください.",
-  "GalThreadingTooltip": "グラフィクスバックエンドのコマンドを別スレッドで実行します.\n\nシェーダのコンパイルを高速化し, 遅延を軽減し, マルチスレッド非対応の GPU ドライバにおいてパフォーマンスを改善します. マルチスレッド対応のドライバでも若干パフォーマンス改善が見られます.\n\nよくわからない場合は自動に設定してください.",
+  "GraphicsBackendThreadingTooltip": "グラフィックスバックエンドのコマンドを別スレッドで実行します.\n\nシェーダのコンパイルを高速化し, 遅延を軽減し, マルチスレッド非対応の GPU ドライバにおいてパフォーマンスを改善します. マルチスレッド対応のドライバでも若干パフォーマンス改善が見られます.\n\nよくわからない場合は自動に設定してください.",
+  "GalThreadingTooltip": "グラフィックスバックエンドのコマンドを別スレッドで実行します.\n\nシェーダのコンパイルを高速化し, 遅延を軽減し, マルチスレッド非対応の GPU ドライバにおいてパフォーマンスを改善します. マルチスレッド対応のドライバでも若干パフォーマンス改善が見られます.\n\nよくわからない場合は自動に設定してください.",
   "ShaderCacheToggleTooltip": "ディスクシェーダキャッシュをセーブし,次回以降の実行時遅延を軽減します.\n\nよくわからない場合はオンのままにしてください.",
   "ResolutionScaleTooltip": "レンダリングに適用される解像度の倍率です",
   "ResolutionScaleEntryTooltip": "1.5 のような整数でない倍率を指定すると,問題が発生したりクラッシュしたりする場合があります.",
   "AnisotropyTooltip": "異方性フィルタリングのレベルです (ゲームが要求する値を使用する場合は｢自動｣を設定してください)",
   "AspectRatioTooltip": "レンダリングに適用されるアスペクト比です.",
-  "ShaderDumpPathTooltip": "グラフィクス シェーダダンプのパスです",
+  "ShaderDumpPathTooltip": "グラフィックス シェーダダンプのパスです",
   "FileLogTooltip": "コンソール出力されるログをディスク上のログファイルにセーブします. パフォーマンスには影響を与えません.",
   "StubLogTooltip": "stub ログメッセージをコンソールに出力します. パフォーマンスには影響を与えません.",
   "InfoLogTooltip": "info ログメッセージをコンソールに出力します. パフォーマンスには影響を与えません.",
@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@
   "LoadingHeading": "ロード中: {0}",
   "CompilingPPTC": "PTC をコンパイル中",
   "CompilingShaders": "シェーダをコンパイル中",
-  "AllKeyboards": "すべてキーボード",
+  "AllKeyboards": "すべてのキーボード",
   "OpenFileDialogTitle": "開くファイルを選択",
   "OpenFolderDialogTitle": "展開されたゲームフォルダを選択",
   "AllSupportedFormats": "すべての対応フォーマット",
@@ -573,9 +573,20 @@
   "Save": "セーブ",
   "Discard": "破棄",
   "UserProfilesSetProfileImage": "プロファイル画像を設定",
-  "UserProfileEmptyNameError": "名前が必要です",
+  "UserProfileEmptyNameError": "名称が必要です",
   "UserProfileNoImageError":  "プロファイル画像が必要です",
   "GameUpdateWindowHeading": "利用可能なアップデート {0} [{1}]",
   "SettingsTabHotkeysResScaleUpHotkey": "解像度を上げる:",
-  "SettingsTabHotkeysResScaleDownHotkey": "解像度を下げる:"
+  "SettingsTabHotkeysResScaleDownHotkey": "解像度を下げる:",
+  "UserProfilesName": "名称:",
+  "UserProfilesUserId" : "ユーザID:",
+  "SettingsTabGraphicsBackend": "グラフィックスバックエンド",
+  "SettingsTabGraphicsBackendTooltip": "使用するグラフィックスバックエンドです",
+  "SettingsEnableTextureRecompression": "テクスチャの再圧縮を有効",
+  "SettingsEnableTextureRecompressionTooltip": "VRAMの使用量を削減するためテクスチャを圧縮します.\n\nGPUのVRAMが4GB未満の場合は使用を推奨します.\n\nよくわからない場合はオフのままにしてください.",
+  "SettingsTabGraphicsPreferredGpu": "優先使用するGPU",
+  "SettingsTabGraphicsPreferredGpuTooltip": "Vulkanグラフィックスバックエンドで使用されるグラフィックスカードを選択します.\n\nOpenGLが使用するGPUには影響しません.\n\n不明な場合は, \"dGPU\" としてフラグが立っているGPUに設定します. ない場合はそのままにします.",
+  "SettingsAppRequiredRestartMessage": "Ryujinx の再起動が必要です",
+  "SettingsGpuBackendRestartMessage": "グラフィックスバックエンドまたはGPUの設定が変更されました. 変更を適用するには再起動する必要があります",
+  "SettingsGpuBackendRestartSubMessage": "今すぐ再起動しますか?"
 }

Ryujinx.Common/Collections/IntervalTree.cs

@@ -9,19 +9,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
     /// </summary>
     /// <typeparam name="K">Key</typeparam>
     /// <typeparam name="V">Value</typeparam>
-    public class IntervalTree<K, V> where K : IComparable<K>
+    public class IntervalTree<K, V> : IntrusiveRedBlackTreeImpl<IntervalTreeNode<K, V>> where K : IComparable<K>
     {
         private const int ArrayGrowthSize = 32;
 
-        private const bool Black = true;
-        private const bool Red = false;
-        private IntervalTreeNode<K, V> _root = null;
-        private int _count = 0;
-
-        public int Count => _count;
-
-        public IntervalTree() { }
-
         #region Public Methods
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -80,7 +71,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(end));
             }
 
-            GetValues(_root, start, end, ref overlaps, ref overlapCount);
+            GetValues(Root, start, end, ref overlaps, ref overlapCount);
 
             return overlapCount;
         }
@@ -128,7 +119,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
 
             int removed = Delete(key, value);
 
-            _count -= removed;
+            Count -= removed;
 
             return removed;
         }
@@ -141,7 +132,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
         {
             List<RangeNode<K, V>> list = new List<RangeNode<K, V>>();
 
-            AddToList(_root, list);
+            AddToList(Root, list);
 
             return list;
         }
@@ -182,7 +173,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(key));
             }
 
-            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node = _root;
+            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node = Root;
             while (node != null)
             {
                 int cmp = key.CompareTo(node.Start);
@@ -317,7 +308,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
         private IntervalTreeNode<K, V> BSTInsert(K start, K end, V value)
         {
             IntervalTreeNode<K, V> parent = null;
-            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node = _root;
+            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node = Root;
 
             while (node != null)
             {
@@ -345,14 +336,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
                         }
                     }
 
-                    _count++;
+                    Count++;
                     return node;
                 }
             }
             IntervalTreeNode<K, V> newNode = new IntervalTreeNode<K, V>(start, end, value, parent);
             if (newNode.Parent == null)
             {
-                _root = newNode;
+                Root = newNode;
             }
             else if (start.CompareTo(parent.Start) < 0)
             {
@@ -364,7 +355,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
             }
 
             PropagateIncrease(newNode);
-            _count++;
+            Count++;
             return newNode;
         }
 
@@ -418,7 +409,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
 
             if (ParentOf(replacementNode) == null)
             {
-                _root = tmp;
+                Root = tmp;
             }
             else if (replacementNode == LeftOf(ParentOf(replacementNode)))
             {
@@ -447,295 +438,27 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
             return removed;
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Returns the node with the largest key where <paramref name="node"/> is considered the root node.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="node">Root Node</param>
-        /// <returns>Node with the maximum key in the tree of <paramref name="node"/></returns>
-        private static IntervalTreeNode<K, V> Maximum(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
-        {
-            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> tmp = node;
-            while (tmp.Right != null)
-            {
-                tmp = tmp.Right;
-            }
-
-            return tmp;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Finds the node whose key is immediately less than <paramref name="node"/>.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="node">Node to find the predecessor of</param>
-        /// <returns>Predecessor of <paramref name="node"/></returns>
-        private static IntervalTreeNode<K, V> PredecessorOf(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
-        {
-            if (node.Left != null)
-            {
-                return Maximum(node.Left);
-            }
-            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> parent = node.Parent;
-            while (parent != null && node == parent.Left)
-            {
-                node = parent;
-                parent = parent.Parent;
-            }
-            return parent;
-        }
         #endregion
 
-        #region Private Methods (RBL)
-        private void RestoreBalanceAfterRemoval(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> balanceNode)
-        {
-            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> ptr = balanceNode;
-
-            while (ptr != _root && ColorOf(ptr) == Black)
-            {
-                if (ptr == LeftOf(ParentOf(ptr)))
-                {
-                    IntervalTreeNode<K, V> sibling = RightOf(ParentOf(ptr));
-
-                    if (ColorOf(sibling) == Red)
-                    {
-                        SetColor(sibling, Black);
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(ptr), Red);
-                        RotateLeft(ParentOf(ptr));
-                        sibling = RightOf(ParentOf(ptr));
-                    }
-                    if (ColorOf(LeftOf(sibling)) == Black && ColorOf(RightOf(sibling)) == Black)
-                    {
-                        SetColor(sibling, Red);
-                        ptr = ParentOf(ptr);
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        if (ColorOf(RightOf(sibling)) == Black)
-                        {
-                            SetColor(LeftOf(sibling), Black);
-                            SetColor(sibling, Red);
-                            RotateRight(sibling);
-                            sibling = RightOf(ParentOf(ptr));
-                        }
-                        SetColor(sibling, ColorOf(ParentOf(ptr)));
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(ptr), Black);
-                        SetColor(RightOf(sibling), Black);
-                        RotateLeft(ParentOf(ptr));
-                        ptr = _root;
-                    }
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    IntervalTreeNode<K, V> sibling = LeftOf(ParentOf(ptr));
-
-                    if (ColorOf(sibling) == Red)
-                    {
-                        SetColor(sibling, Black);
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(ptr), Red);
-                        RotateRight(ParentOf(ptr));
-                        sibling = LeftOf(ParentOf(ptr));
-                    }
-                    if (ColorOf(RightOf(sibling)) == Black && ColorOf(LeftOf(sibling)) == Black)
-                    {
-                        SetColor(sibling, Red);
-                        ptr = ParentOf(ptr);
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        if (ColorOf(LeftOf(sibling)) == Black)
-                        {
-                            SetColor(RightOf(sibling), Black);
-                            SetColor(sibling, Red);
-                            RotateLeft(sibling);
-                            sibling = LeftOf(ParentOf(ptr));
-                        }
-                        SetColor(sibling, ColorOf(ParentOf(ptr)));
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(ptr), Black);
-                        SetColor(LeftOf(sibling), Black);
-                        RotateRight(ParentOf(ptr));
-                        ptr = _root;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            SetColor(ptr, Black);
-        }
-
-        private void RestoreBalanceAfterInsertion(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> balanceNode)
-        {
-            SetColor(balanceNode, Red);
-            while (balanceNode != null && balanceNode != _root && ColorOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)) == Red)
-            {
-                if (ParentOf(balanceNode) == LeftOf(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode))))
-                {
-                    IntervalTreeNode<K, V> sibling = RightOf(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)));
-
-                    if (ColorOf(sibling) == Red)
-                    {
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(balanceNode), Black);
-                        SetColor(sibling, Black);
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)), Red);
-                        balanceNode = ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        if (balanceNode == RightOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)))
-                        {
-                            balanceNode = ParentOf(balanceNode);
-                            RotateLeft(balanceNode);
-                        }
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(balanceNode), Black);
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)), Red);
-                        RotateRight(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)));
-                    }
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    IntervalTreeNode<K, V> sibling = LeftOf(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)));
-
-                    if (ColorOf(sibling) == Red)
-                    {
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(balanceNode), Black);
-                        SetColor(sibling, Black);
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)), Red);
-                        balanceNode = ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        if (balanceNode == LeftOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)))
-                        {
-                            balanceNode = ParentOf(balanceNode);
-                            RotateRight(balanceNode);
-                        }
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(balanceNode), Black);
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)), Red);
-                        RotateLeft(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)));
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            SetColor(_root, Black);
-        }
-
-        private void RotateLeft(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
+        protected override void RotateLeft(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
         {
             if (node != null)
             {
-                IntervalTreeNode<K, V> right = RightOf(node);
-                node.Right = LeftOf(right);
-                if (node.Right != null)
-                {
-                    node.Right.Parent = node;
-                }
-                IntervalTreeNode<K, V> nodeParent = ParentOf(node);
-                right.Parent = nodeParent;
-                if (nodeParent == null)
-                {
-                    _root = right;
-                }
-                else if (node == LeftOf(nodeParent))
-                {
-                    nodeParent.Left = right;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    nodeParent.Right = right;
-                }
-                right.Left = node;
-                node.Parent = right;
+                base.RotateLeft(node);
 
                 PropagateFull(node);
             }
         }
 
-        private void RotateRight(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
+        protected override void RotateRight(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
         {
             if (node != null)
             {
-                IntervalTreeNode<K, V> left = LeftOf(node);
-                node.Left = RightOf(left);
-                if (node.Left != null)
-                {
-                    node.Left.Parent = node;
-                }
-                IntervalTreeNode<K, V> nodeParent = ParentOf(node);
-                left.Parent = nodeParent;
-                if (nodeParent == null)
-                {
-                    _root = left;
-                }
-                else if (node == RightOf(nodeParent))
-                {
-                    nodeParent.Right = left;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    nodeParent.Left = left;
-                }
-                left.Right = node;
-                node.Parent = left;
+                base.RotateRight(node);
 
                 PropagateFull(node);
             }
         }
-        #endregion
-
-        #region Safety-Methods
-
-        // These methods save memory by allowing us to forego sentinel nil nodes, as well as serve as protection against NullReferenceExceptions.
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Returns the color of <paramref name="node"/>, or Black if it is null.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="node">Node</param>
-        /// <returns>The boolean color of <paramref name="node"/>, or black if null</returns>
-        private static bool ColorOf(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
-        {
-            return node == null || node.Color;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Sets the color of <paramref name="node"/> node to <paramref name="color"/>.
-        /// <br></br>
-        /// This method does nothing if <paramref name="node"/> is null.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="node">Node to set the color of</param>
-        /// <param name="color">Color (Boolean)</param>
-        private static void SetColor(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node, bool color)
-        {
-            if (node != null)
-            {
-                node.Color = color;
-            }
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// This method returns the left node of <paramref name="node"/>, or null if <paramref name="node"/> is null.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="node">Node to retrieve the left child from</param>
-        /// <returns>Left child of <paramref name="node"/></returns>
-        private static IntervalTreeNode<K, V> LeftOf(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
-        {
-            return node?.Left;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// This method returns the right node of <paramref name="node"/>, or null if <paramref name="node"/> is null.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="node">Node to retrieve the right child from</param>
-        /// <returns>Right child of <paramref name="node"/></returns>
-        private static IntervalTreeNode<K, V> RightOf(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
-        {
-            return node?.Right;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Returns the parent node of <paramref name="node"/>, or null if <paramref name="node"/> is null.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="node">Node to retrieve the parent from</param>
-        /// <returns>Parent of <paramref name="node"/></returns>
-        private static IntervalTreeNode<K, V> ParentOf(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
-        {
-            return node?.Parent;
-        }
-        #endregion
 
         public bool ContainsKey(K key)
         {
@@ -745,12 +468,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
             }
             return GetNode(key) != null;
         }
-
-        public void Clear()
-        {
-            _root = null;
-            _count = 0;
-        }
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -777,31 +494,29 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
     /// </summary>
     /// <typeparam name="K">Key type of the node</typeparam>
     /// <typeparam name="V">Value type of the node</typeparam>
-    class IntervalTreeNode<K, V>
+    public class IntervalTreeNode<K, V> : IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode<IntervalTreeNode<K, V>>
     {
-        public bool Color = true;
-        public IntervalTreeNode<K, V> Left = null;
-        public IntervalTreeNode<K, V> Right = null;
-        public IntervalTreeNode<K, V> Parent = null;
-
         /// <summary>
         /// The start of the range.
         /// </summary>
-        public K Start;
+        internal K Start;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The end of the range - maximum of all in the Values list.
         /// </summary>
-        public K End;
+        internal K End;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The maximum end value of this node and all its children.
         /// </summary>
-        public K Max;
+        internal K Max;
 
-        public List<RangeNode<K, V>> Values;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Values contained on the node that shares a common Start value.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal List<RangeNode<K, V>> Values;
 
-        public IntervalTreeNode(K start, K end, V value, IntervalTreeNode<K, V> parent)
+        internal IntervalTreeNode(K start, K end, V value, IntervalTreeNode<K, V> parent)
         {
             Start = start;
             End = end;

Ryujinx.Common/Collections/IntrusiveRedBlackTree.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+using System;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Tree that provides the ability for O(logN) lookups for keys that exist in the tree, and O(logN) lookups for keys immediately greater than or less than a specified key.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="T">Derived node type</typeparam>
+    public class IntrusiveRedBlackTree<T> : IntrusiveRedBlackTreeImpl<T> where T : IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode<T>, IComparable<T>
+    {
+        #region Public Methods
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds a new node into the tree.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">Node to be added</param>
+        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="node"/> is null</exception>
+        public void Add(T node)
+        {
+            if (node == null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(node));
+            }
+
+            Insert(node);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Removes a node from the tree.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">Note to be removed</param>
+        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="node"/> is null</exception>
+        public void Remove(T node)
+        {
+            if (node == null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(node));
+            }
+            if (Delete(node) != null)
+            {
+                Count--;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieve the node that is considered equal to the specified node by the comparator.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="searchNode">Node to compare with</param>
+        /// <returns>Node that is equal to <paramref name="searchNode"/></returns>
+        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="searchNode"/> is null</exception>
+        public T GetNode(T searchNode)
+        {
+            if (searchNode == null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(searchNode));
+            }
+
+            T node = Root;
+            while (node != null)
+            {
+                int cmp = searchNode.CompareTo(node);
+                if (cmp < 0)
+                {
+                    node = node.Left;
+                }
+                else if (cmp > 0)
+                {
+                    node = node.Right;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    return node;
+                }
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Private Methods (BST)
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Inserts a new node into the tree.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">Node to be inserted</param>
+        private void Insert(T node)
+        {
+            T newNode = BSTInsert(node);
+            RestoreBalanceAfterInsertion(newNode);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Insertion Mechanism for a Binary Search Tree (BST).
+        /// <br></br>
+        /// Iterates the tree starting from the root and inserts a new node
+        /// where all children in the left subtree are less than <paramref name="newNode"/>,
+        /// and all children in the right subtree are greater than <paramref name="newNode"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="newNode">Node to be inserted</param>
+        /// <returns>The inserted Node</returns>
+        private T BSTInsert(T newNode)
+        {
+            T parent = null;
+            T node = Root;
+
+            while (node != null)
+            {
+                parent = node;
+                int cmp = newNode.CompareTo(node);
+                if (cmp < 0)
+                {
+                    node = node.Left;
+                }
+                else if (cmp > 0)
+                {
+                    node = node.Right;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    return node;
+                }
+            }
+            newNode.Parent = parent;
+            if (parent == null)
+            {
+                Root = newNode;
+            }
+            else if (newNode.CompareTo(parent) < 0)
+            {
+                parent.Left = newNode;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                parent.Right = newNode;
+            }
+            Count++;
+            return newNode;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Removes <paramref name="nodeToDelete"/> from the tree, if it exists.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="nodeToDelete">Node to be removed</param>
+        /// <returns>The deleted Node</returns>
+        private T Delete(T nodeToDelete)
+        {
+            if (nodeToDelete == null)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            T old = nodeToDelete;
+            T child;
+            T parent;
+            bool color;
+
+            if (LeftOf(nodeToDelete) == null)
+            {
+                child = RightOf(nodeToDelete);
+            }
+            else if (RightOf(nodeToDelete) == null)
+            {
+                child = LeftOf(nodeToDelete);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                T element = Minimum(RightOf(nodeToDelete));
+
+                child = RightOf(element);
+                parent = ParentOf(element);
+                color = ColorOf(element);
+
+                if (child != null)
+                {
+                    child.Parent = parent;
+                }
+
+                if (parent == null)
+                {
+                    Root = child;
+                }
+                else if (element == LeftOf(parent))
+                {
+                    parent.Left = child;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    parent.Right = child;
+                }
+
+                if (ParentOf(element) == old)
+                {
+                    parent = element;
+                }
+
+                element.Color = old.Color;
+                element.Left = old.Left;
+                element.Right = old.Right;
+                element.Parent = old.Parent;
+
+                if (ParentOf(old) == null)
+                {
+                    Root = element;
+                }
+                else if (old == LeftOf(ParentOf(old)))
+                {
+                    ParentOf(old).Left = element;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    ParentOf(old).Right = element;
+                }
+
+                LeftOf(old).Parent = element;
+
+                if (RightOf(old) != null)
+                {
+                    RightOf(old).Parent = element;
+                }
+
+                if (child != null && color == Black)
+                {
+                    RestoreBalanceAfterRemoval(child);
+                }
+
+                return old;
+            }
+
+            parent = ParentOf(nodeToDelete);
+            color = ColorOf(nodeToDelete);
+
+            if (child != null)
+            {
+                child.Parent = parent;
+            }
+
+            if (parent == null)
+            {
+                Root = child;
+            }
+            else if (nodeToDelete == LeftOf(parent))
+            {
+                parent.Left = child;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                parent.Right = child;
+            }
+
+            if (child != null && color == Black)
+            {
+                RestoreBalanceAfterRemoval(child);
+            }
+
+            return old;
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+    }
+
+    public static class IntrusiveRedBlackTreeExtensions
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieve the node that is considered equal to the key by the comparator.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tree">Tree to search at</param>
+        /// <param name="key">Key of the node to be found</param>
+        /// <returns>Node that is equal to <paramref name="key"/></returns>
+        public static N GetNodeByKey<N, K>(this IntrusiveRedBlackTree<N> tree, K key)
+            where N : IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode<N>, IComparable<N>, IComparable<K>
+            where K : struct
+        {
+            N node = tree.RootNode;
+            while (node != null)
+            {
+                int cmp = node.CompareTo(key);
+                if (cmp < 0)
+                {
+                    node = node.Right;
+                }
+                else if (cmp > 0)
+                {
+                    node = node.Left;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    return node;
+                }
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Common/Collections/IntrusiveRedBlackTreeImpl.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,356 @@
+using System;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Tree that provides the ability for O(logN) lookups for keys that exist in the tree, and O(logN) lookups for keys immediately greater than or less than a specified key.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="T">Derived node type</typeparam>
+    public class IntrusiveRedBlackTreeImpl<T> where T : IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode<T>
+    {
+        protected const bool Black = true;
+        protected const bool Red = false;
+        protected T Root = null;
+
+        internal T RootNode => Root;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Number of nodes on the tree.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int Count { get; protected set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Removes all nodes on the tree.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Clear()
+        {
+            Root = null;
+            Count = 0;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Finds the node whose key is immediately greater than <paramref name="node"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">Node to find the successor of</param>
+        /// <returns>Successor of <paramref name="node"/></returns>
+        internal static T SuccessorOf(T node)
+        {
+            if (node.Right != null)
+            {
+                return Minimum(node.Right);
+            }
+            T parent = node.Parent;
+            while (parent != null && node == parent.Right)
+            {
+                node = parent;
+                parent = parent.Parent;
+            }
+            return parent;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Finds the node whose key is immediately less than <paramref name="node"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">Node to find the predecessor of</param>
+        /// <returns>Predecessor of <paramref name="node"/></returns>
+        internal static T PredecessorOf(T node)
+        {
+            if (node.Left != null)
+            {
+                return Maximum(node.Left);
+            }
+            T parent = node.Parent;
+            while (parent != null && node == parent.Left)
+            {
+                node = parent;
+                parent = parent.Parent;
+            }
+            return parent;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the node with the largest key where <paramref name="node"/> is considered the root node.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">Root node</param>
+        /// <returns>Node with the maximum key in the tree of <paramref name="node"/></returns>
+        protected static T Maximum(T node)
+        {
+            T tmp = node;
+            while (tmp.Right != null)
+            {
+                tmp = tmp.Right;
+            }
+
+            return tmp;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the node with the smallest key where <paramref name="node"/> is considered the root node.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">Root node</param>
+        /// <returns>Node with the minimum key in the tree of <paramref name="node"/></returns>
+        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="node"/> is null</exception>
+        protected static T Minimum(T node)
+        {
+            if (node == null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(node));
+            }
+            T tmp = node;
+            while (tmp.Left != null)
+            {
+                tmp = tmp.Left;
+            }
+
+            return tmp;
+        }
+
+        protected void RestoreBalanceAfterRemoval(T balanceNode)
+        {
+            T ptr = balanceNode;
+
+            while (ptr != Root && ColorOf(ptr) == Black)
+            {
+                if (ptr == LeftOf(ParentOf(ptr)))
+                {
+                    T sibling = RightOf(ParentOf(ptr));
+
+                    if (ColorOf(sibling) == Red)
+                    {
+                        SetColor(sibling, Black);
+                        SetColor(ParentOf(ptr), Red);
+                        RotateLeft(ParentOf(ptr));
+                        sibling = RightOf(ParentOf(ptr));
+                    }
+                    if (ColorOf(LeftOf(sibling)) == Black && ColorOf(RightOf(sibling)) == Black)
+                    {
+                        SetColor(sibling, Red);
+                        ptr = ParentOf(ptr);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        if (ColorOf(RightOf(sibling)) == Black)
+                        {
+                            SetColor(LeftOf(sibling), Black);
+                            SetColor(sibling, Red);
+                            RotateRight(sibling);
+                            sibling = RightOf(ParentOf(ptr));
+                        }
+                        SetColor(sibling, ColorOf(ParentOf(ptr)));
+                        SetColor(ParentOf(ptr), Black);
+                        SetColor(RightOf(sibling), Black);
+                        RotateLeft(ParentOf(ptr));
+                        ptr = Root;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    T sibling = LeftOf(ParentOf(ptr));
+
+                    if (ColorOf(sibling) == Red)
+                    {
+                        SetColor(sibling, Black);
+                        SetColor(ParentOf(ptr), Red);
+                        RotateRight(ParentOf(ptr));
+                        sibling = LeftOf(ParentOf(ptr));
+                    }
+                    if (ColorOf(RightOf(sibling)) == Black && ColorOf(LeftOf(sibling)) == Black)
+                    {
+                        SetColor(sibling, Red);
+                        ptr = ParentOf(ptr);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        if (ColorOf(LeftOf(sibling)) == Black)
+                        {
+                            SetColor(RightOf(sibling), Black);
+                            SetColor(sibling, Red);
+                            RotateLeft(sibling);
+                            sibling = LeftOf(ParentOf(ptr));
+                        }
+                        SetColor(sibling, ColorOf(ParentOf(ptr)));
+                        SetColor(ParentOf(ptr), Black);
+                        SetColor(LeftOf(sibling), Black);
+                        RotateRight(ParentOf(ptr));
+                        ptr = Root;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            SetColor(ptr, Black);
+        }
+
+        protected void RestoreBalanceAfterInsertion(T balanceNode)
+        {
+            SetColor(balanceNode, Red);
+            while (balanceNode != null && balanceNode != Root && ColorOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)) == Red)
+            {
+                if (ParentOf(balanceNode) == LeftOf(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode))))
+                {
+                    T sibling = RightOf(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)));
+
+                    if (ColorOf(sibling) == Red)
+                    {
+                        SetColor(ParentOf(balanceNode), Black);
+                        SetColor(sibling, Black);
+                        SetColor(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)), Red);
+                        balanceNode = ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode));
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        if (balanceNode == RightOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)))
+                        {
+                            balanceNode = ParentOf(balanceNode);
+                            RotateLeft(balanceNode);
+                        }
+                        SetColor(ParentOf(balanceNode), Black);
+                        SetColor(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)), Red);
+                        RotateRight(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)));
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    T sibling = LeftOf(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)));
+
+                    if (ColorOf(sibling) == Red)
+                    {
+                        SetColor(ParentOf(balanceNode), Black);
+                        SetColor(sibling, Black);
+                        SetColor(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)), Red);
+                        balanceNode = ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode));
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        if (balanceNode == LeftOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)))
+                        {
+                            balanceNode = ParentOf(balanceNode);
+                            RotateRight(balanceNode);
+                        }
+                        SetColor(ParentOf(balanceNode), Black);
+                        SetColor(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)), Red);
+                        RotateLeft(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            SetColor(Root, Black);
+        }
+
+        protected virtual void RotateLeft(T node)
+        {
+            if (node != null)
+            {
+                T right = RightOf(node);
+                node.Right = LeftOf(right);
+                if (node.Right != null)
+                {
+                    node.Right.Parent = node;
+                }
+                T nodeParent = ParentOf(node);
+                right.Parent = nodeParent;
+                if (nodeParent == null)
+                {
+                    Root = right;
+                }
+                else if (node == LeftOf(nodeParent))
+                {
+                    nodeParent.Left = right;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    nodeParent.Right = right;
+                }
+                right.Left = node;
+                node.Parent = right;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected virtual void RotateRight(T node)
+        {
+            if (node != null)
+            {
+                T left = LeftOf(node);
+                node.Left = RightOf(left);
+                if (node.Left != null)
+                {
+                    node.Left.Parent = node;
+                }
+                T nodeParent = ParentOf(node);
+                left.Parent = nodeParent;
+                if (nodeParent == null)
+                {
+                    Root = left;
+                }
+                else if (node == RightOf(nodeParent))
+                {
+                    nodeParent.Right = left;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    nodeParent.Left = left;
+                }
+                left.Right = node;
+                node.Parent = left;
+            }
+        }
+
+        #region Safety-Methods
+
+        // These methods save memory by allowing us to forego sentinel nil nodes, as well as serve as protection against NullReferenceExceptions.
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the color of <paramref name="node"/>, or Black if it is null.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">Node</param>
+        /// <returns>The boolean color of <paramref name="node"/>, or black if null</returns>
+        protected static bool ColorOf(T node)
+        {
+            return node == null || node.Color;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the color of <paramref name="node"/> node to <paramref name="color"/>.
+        /// <br></br>
+        /// This method does nothing if <paramref name="node"/> is null.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">Node to set the color of</param>
+        /// <param name="color">Color (Boolean)</param>
+        protected static void SetColor(T node, bool color)
+        {
+            if (node != null)
+            {
+                node.Color = color;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// This method returns the left node of <paramref name="node"/>, or null if <paramref name="node"/> is null.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">Node to retrieve the left child from</param>
+        /// <returns>Left child of <paramref name="node"/></returns>
+        protected static T LeftOf(T node)
+        {
+            return node?.Left;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// This method returns the right node of <paramref name="node"/>, or null if <paramref name="node"/> is null.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">Node to retrieve the right child from</param>
+        /// <returns>Right child of <paramref name="node"/></returns>
+        protected static T RightOf(T node)
+        {
+            return node?.Right;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the parent node of <paramref name="node"/>, or null if <paramref name="node"/> is null.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">Node to retrieve the parent from</param>
+        /// <returns>Parent of <paramref name="node"/></returns>
+        protected static T ParentOf(T node)
+        {
+            return node?.Parent;
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Common/Collections/IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Represents a node in the Red-Black Tree.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode<T> where T : IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode<T>
+    {
+        public bool Color = true;
+        public T Left;
+        public T Right;
+        public T Parent;
+
+        public T Predecessor => IntrusiveRedBlackTreeImpl<T>.PredecessorOf((T)this);
+        public T Successor => IntrusiveRedBlackTreeImpl<T>.SuccessorOf((T)this);
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Common/Collections/TreeDictionary.cs

@@ -10,14 +10,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
     /// </summary>
     /// <typeparam name="K">Key</typeparam>
     /// <typeparam name="V">Value</typeparam>
-    public class TreeDictionary<K, V> : IDictionary<K, V> where K : IComparable<K>
+    public class TreeDictionary<K, V> : IntrusiveRedBlackTreeImpl<Node<K, V>>, IDictionary<K, V> where K : IComparable<K>
     {
-        private const bool Black = true;
-        private const bool Red = false;
-        private Node<K, V> _root = null;
-        private int _count = 0;
-        public TreeDictionary() { }
-
         #region Public Methods
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -57,7 +51,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
             {
                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(key));
             }
-            if (null == value)
+            if (value == null)
             {
                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value));
             }
@@ -78,7 +72,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
             }
             if (Delete(key) != null)
             {
-                _count--;
+                Count--;
             }
         }
 
@@ -160,13 +154,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
 
             Queue<Node<K, V>> nodes = new Queue<Node<K, V>>();
 
-            if (this._root != null)
+            if (this.Root != null)
             {
-                nodes.Enqueue(this._root);
+                nodes.Enqueue(this.Root);
             }
-            while (nodes.Count > 0)
+            while (nodes.TryDequeue(out Node<K, V> node))
             {
-                Node<K, V> node = nodes.Dequeue();
                 list.Add(new KeyValuePair<K, V>(node.Key, node.Value));
                 if (node.Left != null)
                 {
@@ -188,7 +181,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
         {
             List<KeyValuePair<K, V>> list = new List<KeyValuePair<K, V>>();
 
-            AddToList(_root, list);
+            AddToList(Root, list);
 
             return list;
         }
@@ -229,7 +222,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(key));
             }
 
-            Node<K, V> node = _root;
+            Node<K, V> node = Root;
             while (node != null)
             {
                 int cmp = key.CompareTo(node.Key);
@@ -275,7 +268,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
         private Node<K, V> BSTInsert(K key, V value)
         {
             Node<K, V> parent = null;
-            Node<K, V> node = _root;
+            Node<K, V> node = Root;
 
             while (node != null)
             {
@@ -298,7 +291,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
             Node<K, V> newNode = new Node<K, V>(key, value, parent);
             if (newNode.Parent == null)
             {
-                _root = newNode;
+                Root = newNode;
             }
             else if (key.CompareTo(parent.Key) < 0)
             {
@@ -308,7 +301,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
             {
                 parent.Right = newNode;
             }
-            _count++;
+            Count++;
             return newNode;
         }
 
@@ -344,9 +337,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
 
             if (ParentOf(replacementNode) == null)
             {
-                _root = tmp;
+                Root = tmp;
             }
-
             else if (replacementNode == LeftOf(ParentOf(replacementNode)))
             {
                 ParentOf(replacementNode).Left = tmp;
@@ -370,43 +362,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
             return replacementNode;
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Returns the node with the largest key where <paramref name="node"/> is considered the root node.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="node">Root Node</param>
-        /// <returns>Node with the maximum key in the tree of <paramref name="node"/></returns>
-        private static Node<K, V> Maximum(Node<K, V> node)
-        {
-            Node<K, V> tmp = node;
-            while (tmp.Right != null)
-            {
-                tmp = tmp.Right;
-            }
-
-            return tmp;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Returns the node with the smallest key where <paramref name="node"/> is considered the root node.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="node">Root Node</param>
-        /// <returns>Node with the minimum key in the tree of <paramref name="node"/></returns>
-        ///<exception cref="ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="node"/> is null</exception>
-        private static Node<K, V> Minimum(Node<K, V> node)
-        {
-            if (node == null)
-            {
-                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(node));
-            }
-            Node<K, V> tmp = node;
-            while (tmp.Left != null)
-            {
-                tmp = tmp.Left;
-            }
-
-            return tmp;
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Returns the node whose key immediately less than or equal to <paramref name="key"/>.
         /// </summary>
@@ -419,7 +374,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
             {
                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(key));
             }
-            Node<K, V> tmp = _root;
+            Node<K, V> tmp = Root;
 
             while (tmp != null)
             {
@@ -473,7 +428,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
             {
                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(key));
             }
-            Node<K, V> tmp = _root;
+            Node<K, V> tmp = Root;
 
             while (tmp != null)
             {
@@ -515,294 +470,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
             return null;
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Finds the node with the key is immediately greater than <paramref name="node"/>.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="node">Node to find the successor of</param>
-        /// <returns>Successor of <paramref name="node"/></returns>
-        private static Node<K, V> SuccessorOf(Node<K, V> node)
-        {
-            if (node.Right != null)
-            {
-                return Minimum(node.Right);
-            }
-            Node<K, V> parent = node.Parent;
-            while (parent != null && node == parent.Right)
-            {
-                node = parent;
-                parent = parent.Parent;
-            }
-            return parent;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Finds the node whose key is immediately less than <paramref name="node"/>.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="node">Node to find the predecessor of</param>
-        /// <returns>Predecessor of <paramref name="node"/></returns>
-        private static Node<K, V> PredecessorOf(Node<K, V> node)
-        {
-            if (node.Left != null)
-            {
-                return Maximum(node.Left);
-            }
-            Node<K, V> parent = node.Parent;
-            while (parent != null && node == parent.Left)
-            {
-                node = parent;
-                parent = parent.Parent;
-            }
-            return parent;
-        }
-
-        #endregion
-
-        #region Private Methods (RBL)
-
-        private void RestoreBalanceAfterRemoval(Node<K, V> balanceNode)
-        {
-            Node<K, V> ptr = balanceNode;
-
-            while (ptr != _root && ColorOf(ptr) == Black)
-            {
-                if (ptr == LeftOf(ParentOf(ptr)))
-                {
-                    Node<K, V> sibling = RightOf(ParentOf(ptr));
-
-                    if (ColorOf(sibling) == Red)
-                    {
-                        SetColor(sibling, Black);
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(ptr), Red);
-                        RotateLeft(ParentOf(ptr));
-                        sibling = RightOf(ParentOf(ptr));
-                    }
-                    if (ColorOf(LeftOf(sibling)) == Black && ColorOf(RightOf(sibling)) == Black)
-                    {
-                        SetColor(sibling, Red);
-                        ptr = ParentOf(ptr);
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        if (ColorOf(RightOf(sibling)) == Black)
-                        {
-                            SetColor(LeftOf(sibling), Black);
-                            SetColor(sibling, Red);
-                            RotateRight(sibling);
-                            sibling = RightOf(ParentOf(ptr));
-                        }
-                        SetColor(sibling, ColorOf(ParentOf(ptr)));
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(ptr), Black);
-                        SetColor(RightOf(sibling), Black);
-                        RotateLeft(ParentOf(ptr));
-                        ptr = _root;
-                    }
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    Node<K, V> sibling = LeftOf(ParentOf(ptr));
-
-                    if (ColorOf(sibling) == Red)
-                    {
-                        SetColor(sibling, Black);
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(ptr), Red);
-                        RotateRight(ParentOf(ptr));
-                        sibling = LeftOf(ParentOf(ptr));
-                    }
-                    if (ColorOf(RightOf(sibling)) == Black && ColorOf(LeftOf(sibling)) == Black)
-                    {
-                        SetColor(sibling, Red);
-                        ptr = ParentOf(ptr);
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        if (ColorOf(LeftOf(sibling)) == Black)
-                        {
-                            SetColor(RightOf(sibling), Black);
-                            SetColor(sibling, Red);
-                            RotateLeft(sibling);
-                            sibling = LeftOf(ParentOf(ptr));
-                        }
-                        SetColor(sibling, ColorOf(ParentOf(ptr)));
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(ptr), Black);
-                        SetColor(LeftOf(sibling), Black);
-                        RotateRight(ParentOf(ptr));
-                        ptr = _root;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            SetColor(ptr, Black);
-        }
-
-        private void RestoreBalanceAfterInsertion(Node<K, V> balanceNode)
-        {
-            SetColor(balanceNode, Red);
-            while (balanceNode != null && balanceNode != _root && ColorOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)) == Red)
-            {
-                if (ParentOf(balanceNode) == LeftOf(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode))))
-                {
-                    Node<K, V> sibling = RightOf(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)));
-
-                    if (ColorOf(sibling) == Red)
-                    {
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(balanceNode), Black);
-                        SetColor(sibling, Black);
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)), Red);
-                        balanceNode = ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        if (balanceNode == RightOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)))
-                        {
-                            balanceNode = ParentOf(balanceNode);
-                            RotateLeft(balanceNode);
-                        }
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(balanceNode), Black);
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)), Red);
-                        RotateRight(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)));
-                    }
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    Node<K, V> sibling = LeftOf(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)));
-
-                    if (ColorOf(sibling) == Red)
-                    {
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(balanceNode), Black);
-                        SetColor(sibling, Black);
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)), Red);
-                        balanceNode = ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        if (balanceNode == LeftOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)))
-                        {
-                            balanceNode = ParentOf(balanceNode);
-                            RotateRight(balanceNode);
-                        }
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(balanceNode), Black);
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)), Red);
-                        RotateLeft(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)));
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            SetColor(_root, Black);
-        }
-
-        private void RotateLeft(Node<K, V> node)
-        {
-            if (node != null)
-            {
-                Node<K, V> right = RightOf(node);
-                node.Right = LeftOf(right);
-                if (LeftOf(right) != null)
-                {
-                    LeftOf(right).Parent = node;
-                }
-                right.Parent = ParentOf(node);
-                if (ParentOf(node) == null)
-                {
-                    _root = right;
-                }
-                else if (node == LeftOf(ParentOf(node)))
-                {
-                    ParentOf(node).Left = right;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    ParentOf(node).Right = right;
-                }
-                right.Left = node;
-                node.Parent = right;
-            }
-        }
-
-        private void RotateRight(Node<K, V> node)
-        {
-            if (node != null)
-            {
-                Node<K, V> left = LeftOf(node);
-                node.Left = RightOf(left);
-                if (RightOf(left) != null)
-                {
-                    RightOf(left).Parent = node;
-                }
-                left.Parent = node.Parent;
-                if (ParentOf(node) == null)
-                {
-                    _root = left;
-                }
-                else if (node == RightOf(ParentOf(node)))
-                {
-                    ParentOf(node).Right = left;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    ParentOf(node).Left = left;
-                }
-                left.Right = node;
-                node.Parent = left;
-            }
-        }
-        #endregion
-
-        #region Safety-Methods
-
-        // These methods save memory by allowing us to forego sentinel nil nodes, as well as serve as protection against NullReferenceExceptions.
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Returns the color of <paramref name="node"/>, or Black if it is null.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="node">Node</param>
-        /// <returns>The boolean color of <paramref name="node"/>, or black if null</returns>
-        private static bool ColorOf(Node<K, V> node)
-        {
-            return node == null || node.Color;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Sets the color of <paramref name="node"/> node to <paramref name="color"/>.
-        /// <br></br>
-        /// This method does nothing if <paramref name="node"/> is null.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="node">Node to set the color of</param>
-        /// <param name="color">Color (Boolean)</param>
-        private static void SetColor(Node<K, V> node, bool color)
-        {
-            if (node != null)
-            {
-                node.Color = color;
-            }
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// This method returns the left node of <paramref name="node"/>, or null if <paramref name="node"/> is null.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="node">Node to retrieve the left child from</param>
-        /// <returns>Left child of <paramref name="node"/></returns>
-        private static Node<K, V> LeftOf(Node<K, V> node)
-        {
-            return node?.Left;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// This method returns the right node of <paramref name="node"/>, or null if <paramref name="node"/> is null.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="node">Node to retrieve the right child from</param>
-        /// <returns>Right child of <paramref name="node"/></returns>
-        private static Node<K, V> RightOf(Node<K, V> node)
-        {
-            return node?.Right;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Returns the parent node of <paramref name="node"/>, or null if <paramref name="node"/> is null.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="node">Node to retrieve the parent from</param>
-        /// <returns>Parent of <paramref name="node"/></returns>
-        private static Node<K, V> ParentOf(Node<K, V> node)
-        {
-            return node?.Parent;
-        }
         #endregion
 
         #region Interface Implementations
@@ -819,9 +486,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
 
         bool IDictionary<K, V>.Remove(K key)
         {
-            int count = _count;
+            int count = Count;
             Remove(key);
-            return count > _count;
+            return count > Count;
         }
 
         public bool TryGetValue(K key, [MaybeNullWhen(false)] out V value)
@@ -845,12 +512,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
             Add(item.Key, item.Value);
         }
 
-        public void Clear()
-        {
-            _root = null;
-            _count = 0;
-        }
-
         public bool Contains(KeyValuePair<K, V> item)
         {
             if (item.Key == null)
@@ -895,9 +556,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
 
             if (node.Value.Equals(item.Value))
             {
-                int count = _count;
+                int count = Count;
                 Remove(item.Key);
-                return count > _count;
+                return count > Count;
             }
 
             return false;
@@ -913,8 +574,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
             return GetKeyValues().GetEnumerator();
         }
 
-        public int Count => _count;
-
         public ICollection<K> Keys => GetKeyValues().Keys;
 
         public ICollection<V> Values => GetKeyValues().Values;
@@ -928,6 +587,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
         }
 
         #endregion
+
         #region Private Interface Helper Methods
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -938,14 +598,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
         {
             SortedList<K, V> set = new SortedList<K, V>();
             Queue<Node<K, V>> queue = new Queue<Node<K, V>>();
-            if (_root != null)
+            if (Root != null)
             {
-                queue.Enqueue(_root);
+                queue.Enqueue(Root);
             }
 
-            while (queue.Count > 0)
+            while (queue.TryDequeue(out Node<K, V> node))
             {
-                Node<K, V> node = queue.Dequeue();
                 set.Add(node.Key, node.Value);
                 if (null != node.Left)
                 {
@@ -959,6 +618,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
 
             return set;
         }
+
         #endregion
     }
 
@@ -967,16 +627,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
     /// </summary>
     /// <typeparam name="K">Key of the node</typeparam>
     /// <typeparam name="V">Value of the node</typeparam>
-    class Node<K, V>
+    public class Node<K, V> : IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode<Node<K, V>> where K : IComparable<K>
     {
-        public bool Color = true;
-        public Node<K, V> Left = null;
-        public Node<K, V> Right = null;
-        public Node<K, V> Parent = null;
-        public K Key;
-        public V Value;
+        internal K Key;
+        internal V Value;
 
-        public Node(K key, V value, Node<K, V> parent)
+        internal Node(K key, V value, Node<K, V> parent)
         {
             Key = key;
             Value = value;

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Format.cs

@@ -151,6 +151,190 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 
     public static class FormatExtensions
     {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The largest scalar size for a buffer format.
+        /// </summary>
+        public const int MaxBufferFormatScalarSize = 4;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the byte size for a single component of this format, or its packed size.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="format">Texture format</param>
+        /// <returns>Byte size for a single component, or packed size</returns>
+        public static int GetScalarSize(this Format format)
+        {
+            switch (format)
+            {
+                case Format.R8Unorm:
+                case Format.R8Snorm:
+                case Format.R8Uint:
+                case Format.R8Sint:
+                case Format.R8G8Unorm:
+                case Format.R8G8Snorm:
+                case Format.R8G8Uint:
+                case Format.R8G8Sint:
+                case Format.R8G8B8Unorm:
+                case Format.R8G8B8Snorm:
+                case Format.R8G8B8Uint:
+                case Format.R8G8B8Sint:
+                case Format.R8G8B8A8Unorm:
+                case Format.R8G8B8A8Snorm:
+                case Format.R8G8B8A8Uint:
+                case Format.R8G8B8A8Sint:
+                case Format.R8G8B8A8Srgb:
+                case Format.R4G4Unorm:
+                case Format.R8Uscaled:
+                case Format.R8Sscaled:
+                case Format.R8G8Uscaled:
+                case Format.R8G8Sscaled:
+                case Format.R8G8B8Uscaled:
+                case Format.R8G8B8Sscaled:
+                case Format.R8G8B8A8Uscaled:
+                case Format.R8G8B8A8Sscaled:
+                case Format.B8G8R8A8Unorm:
+                case Format.B8G8R8A8Srgb:
+                    return 1;
+
+                case Format.R16Float:
+                case Format.R16Unorm:
+                case Format.R16Snorm:
+                case Format.R16Uint:
+                case Format.R16Sint:
+                case Format.R16G16Float:
+                case Format.R16G16Unorm:
+                case Format.R16G16Snorm:
+                case Format.R16G16Uint:
+                case Format.R16G16Sint:
+                case Format.R16G16B16Float:
+                case Format.R16G16B16Unorm:
+                case Format.R16G16B16Snorm:
+                case Format.R16G16B16Uint:
+                case Format.R16G16B16Sint:
+                case Format.R16G16B16A16Float:
+                case Format.R16G16B16A16Unorm:
+                case Format.R16G16B16A16Snorm:
+                case Format.R16G16B16A16Uint:
+                case Format.R16G16B16A16Sint:
+                case Format.R4G4B4A4Unorm:
+                case Format.R5G5B5X1Unorm:
+                case Format.R5G5B5A1Unorm:
+                case Format.R5G6B5Unorm:
+                case Format.R16Uscaled:
+                case Format.R16Sscaled:
+                case Format.R16G16Uscaled:
+                case Format.R16G16Sscaled:
+                case Format.R16G16B16Uscaled:
+                case Format.R16G16B16Sscaled:
+                case Format.R16G16B16A16Uscaled:
+                case Format.R16G16B16A16Sscaled:
+                case Format.B5G6R5Unorm:
+                case Format.B5G5R5A1Unorm:
+                case Format.A1B5G5R5Unorm:
+                    return 2;
+
+                case Format.R32Float:
+                case Format.R32Uint:
+                case Format.R32Sint:
+                case Format.R32G32Float:
+                case Format.R32G32Uint:
+                case Format.R32G32Sint:
+                case Format.R32G32B32Float:
+                case Format.R32G32B32Uint:
+                case Format.R32G32B32Sint:
+                case Format.R32G32B32A32Float:
+                case Format.R32G32B32A32Uint:
+                case Format.R32G32B32A32Sint:
+                case Format.R10G10B10A2Unorm:
+                case Format.R10G10B10A2Uint:
+                case Format.R11G11B10Float:
+                case Format.R9G9B9E5Float:
+                case Format.R32Uscaled:
+                case Format.R32Sscaled:
+                case Format.R32G32Uscaled:
+                case Format.R32G32Sscaled:
+                case Format.R32G32B32Uscaled:
+                case Format.R32G32B32Sscaled:
+                case Format.R32G32B32A32Uscaled:
+                case Format.R32G32B32A32Sscaled:
+                case Format.R10G10B10A2Snorm:
+                case Format.R10G10B10A2Sint:
+                case Format.R10G10B10A2Uscaled:
+                case Format.R10G10B10A2Sscaled:
+                    return 4;
+
+                case Format.S8Uint:
+                    return 1;
+                case Format.D16Unorm:
+                    return 2;
+                case Format.S8UintD24Unorm:
+                case Format.D32Float:
+                case Format.D24UnormS8Uint:
+                    return 4;
+                case Format.D32FloatS8Uint:
+                    return 8;
+
+                case Format.Bc1RgbaUnorm:
+                case Format.Bc1RgbaSrgb:
+                    return 8;
+
+                case Format.Bc2Unorm:
+                case Format.Bc3Unorm:
+                case Format.Bc2Srgb:
+                case Format.Bc3Srgb:
+                case Format.Bc4Unorm:
+                case Format.Bc4Snorm:
+                case Format.Bc5Unorm:
+                case Format.Bc5Snorm:
+                case Format.Bc7Unorm:
+                case Format.Bc7Srgb:
+                case Format.Bc6HSfloat:
+                case Format.Bc6HUfloat:
+                    return 16;
+
+                case Format.Etc2RgbUnorm:
+                case Format.Etc2RgbPtaUnorm:
+                case Format.Etc2RgbSrgb:
+                case Format.Etc2RgbPtaSrgb:
+                    return 8;
+
+                case Format.Etc2RgbaUnorm:
+                case Format.Etc2RgbaSrgb:
+                    return 16;
+
+                case Format.Astc4x4Unorm:
+                case Format.Astc5x4Unorm:
+                case Format.Astc5x5Unorm:
+                case Format.Astc6x5Unorm:
+                case Format.Astc6x6Unorm:
+                case Format.Astc8x5Unorm:
+                case Format.Astc8x6Unorm:
+                case Format.Astc8x8Unorm:
+                case Format.Astc10x5Unorm:
+                case Format.Astc10x6Unorm:
+                case Format.Astc10x8Unorm:
+                case Format.Astc10x10Unorm:
+                case Format.Astc12x10Unorm:
+                case Format.Astc12x12Unorm:
+                case Format.Astc4x4Srgb:
+                case Format.Astc5x4Srgb:
+                case Format.Astc5x5Srgb:
+                case Format.Astc6x5Srgb:
+                case Format.Astc6x6Srgb:
+                case Format.Astc8x5Srgb:
+                case Format.Astc8x6Srgb:
+                case Format.Astc8x8Srgb:
+                case Format.Astc10x5Srgb:
+                case Format.Astc10x6Srgb:
+                case Format.Astc10x8Srgb:
+                case Format.Astc10x10Srgb:
+                case Format.Astc12x10Srgb:
+                case Format.Astc12x12Srgb:
+                    return 16;
+            }
+
+            return 1;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Checks if the texture format is valid to use as image format.
         /// </summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/FormatTable.cs

@@ -8,195 +8,542 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
     /// </summary>
     static class FormatTable
     {
-        private static Dictionary<uint, FormatInfo> _textureFormats = new Dictionary<uint, FormatInfo>()
+        private enum TextureFormat : uint
         {
-            { 0x2491d, new FormatInfo(Format.R8Unorm,           1,  1,  1,  1) },
-            { 0x1249d, new FormatInfo(Format.R8Snorm,           1,  1,  1,  1) },
-            { 0x4921d, new FormatInfo(Format.R8Uint,            1,  1,  1,  1) },
-            { 0x36d9d, new FormatInfo(Format.R8Sint,            1,  1,  1,  1) },
-            { 0x7ff9b, new FormatInfo(Format.R16Float,          1,  1,  2,  1) },
-            { 0x2491b, new FormatInfo(Format.R16Unorm,          1,  1,  2,  1) },
-            { 0x1249b, new FormatInfo(Format.R16Snorm,          1,  1,  2,  1) },
-            { 0x4921b, new FormatInfo(Format.R16Uint,           1,  1,  2,  1) },
-            { 0x36d9b, new FormatInfo(Format.R16Sint,           1,  1,  2,  1) },
-            { 0x7ff8f, new FormatInfo(Format.R32Float,          1,  1,  4,  1) },
-            { 0x4920f, new FormatInfo(Format.R32Uint,           1,  1,  4,  1) },
-            { 0x36d8f, new FormatInfo(Format.R32Sint,           1,  1,  4,  1) },
-            { 0x24918, new FormatInfo(Format.R8G8Unorm,         1,  1,  2,  2) },
-            { 0x12498, new FormatInfo(Format.R8G8Snorm,         1,  1,  2,  2) },
-            { 0x49218, new FormatInfo(Format.R8G8Uint,          1,  1,  2,  2) },
-            { 0x36d98, new FormatInfo(Format.R8G8Sint,          1,  1,  2,  2) },
-            { 0x7ff8c, new FormatInfo(Format.R16G16Float,       1,  1,  4,  2) },
-            { 0x2490c, new FormatInfo(Format.R16G16Unorm,       1,  1,  4,  2) },
-            { 0x1248c, new FormatInfo(Format.R16G16Snorm,       1,  1,  4,  2) },
-            { 0x4920c, new FormatInfo(Format.R16G16Uint,        1,  1,  4,  2) },
-            { 0x36d8c, new FormatInfo(Format.R16G16Sint,        1,  1,  4,  2) },
-            { 0x7ff84, new FormatInfo(Format.R32G32Float,       1,  1,  8,  2) },
-            { 0x49204, new FormatInfo(Format.R32G32Uint,        1,  1,  8,  2) },
-            { 0x36d84, new FormatInfo(Format.R32G32Sint,        1,  1,  8,  2) },
-            { 0x7ff82, new FormatInfo(Format.R32G32B32Float,    1,  1,  12, 3) },
-            { 0x49202, new FormatInfo(Format.R32G32B32Uint,     1,  1,  12, 3) },
-            { 0x36d82, new FormatInfo(Format.R32G32B32Sint,     1,  1,  12, 3) },
-            { 0x24908, new FormatInfo(Format.R8G8B8A8Unorm,     1,  1,  4,  4) },
-            { 0x12488, new FormatInfo(Format.R8G8B8A8Snorm,     1,  1,  4,  4) },
-            { 0x49208, new FormatInfo(Format.R8G8B8A8Uint,      1,  1,  4,  4) },
-            { 0x36d88, new FormatInfo(Format.R8G8B8A8Sint,      1,  1,  4,  4) },
-            { 0x7ff83, new FormatInfo(Format.R16G16B16A16Float, 1,  1,  8,  4) },
-            { 0x24903, new FormatInfo(Format.R16G16B16A16Unorm, 1,  1,  8,  4) },
-            { 0x12483, new FormatInfo(Format.R16G16B16A16Snorm, 1,  1,  8,  4) },
-            { 0x49203, new FormatInfo(Format.R16G16B16A16Uint,  1,  1,  8,  4) },
-            { 0x36d83, new FormatInfo(Format.R16G16B16A16Sint,  1,  1,  8,  4) },
-            { 0x7ff81, new FormatInfo(Format.R32G32B32A32Float, 1,  1,  16, 4) },
-            { 0x49201, new FormatInfo(Format.R32G32B32A32Uint,  1,  1,  16, 4) },
-            { 0x36d81, new FormatInfo(Format.R32G32B32A32Sint,  1,  1,  16, 4) },
-            { 0x2493a, new FormatInfo(Format.D16Unorm,          1,  1,  2,  1) },
-            { 0x493af, new FormatInfo(Format.D32Float,          1,  1,  4,  1) },
-            { 0x7ffaf, new FormatInfo(Format.D32Float,          1,  1,  4,  1) },
-            { 0x24a0e, new FormatInfo(Format.D24UnormS8Uint,    1,  1,  4,  2) },
-            { 0x24a29, new FormatInfo(Format.D24UnormS8Uint,    1,  1,  4,  2) },
-            { 0x48a29, new FormatInfo(Format.D24UnormS8Uint,    1,  1,  4,  2) },
-            { 0x4912b, new FormatInfo(Format.S8UintD24Unorm,    1,  1,  4,  2) },
-            { 0x25385, new FormatInfo(Format.D32FloatS8Uint,    1,  1,  8,  2) },
-            { 0x253b0, new FormatInfo(Format.D32FloatS8Uint,    1,  1,  8,  2) },
-            { 0xa4908, new FormatInfo(Format.R8G8B8A8Srgb,      1,  1,  4,  4) },
-            { 0x2491e, new FormatInfo(Format.R4G4Unorm,         1,  1,  1,  2) },
-            { 0x24912, new FormatInfo(Format.R4G4B4A4Unorm,     1,  1,  2,  4) },
-            { 0x24914, new FormatInfo(Format.R5G5B5A1Unorm,     1,  1,  2,  4) },
-            { 0x24915, new FormatInfo(Format.R5G6B5Unorm,       1,  1,  2,  3) },
-            { 0x24909, new FormatInfo(Format.R10G10B10A2Unorm,  1,  1,  4,  4) },
-            { 0x49209, new FormatInfo(Format.R10G10B10A2Uint,   1,  1,  4,  4) },
-            { 0x7ffa1, new FormatInfo(Format.R11G11B10Float,    1,  1,  4,  3) },
-            { 0x7ffa0, new FormatInfo(Format.R9G9B9E5Float,     1,  1,  4,  4) },
-            { 0x24924, new FormatInfo(Format.Bc1RgbaUnorm,      4,  4,  8,  4) },
-            { 0x24925, new FormatInfo(Format.Bc2Unorm,          4,  4,  16, 4) },
-            { 0x24926, new FormatInfo(Format.Bc3Unorm,          4,  4,  16, 4) },
-            { 0xa4924, new FormatInfo(Format.Bc1RgbaSrgb,       4,  4,  8,  4) },
-            { 0xa4925, new FormatInfo(Format.Bc2Srgb,           4,  4,  16, 4) },
-            { 0xa4926, new FormatInfo(Format.Bc3Srgb,           4,  4,  16, 4) },
-            { 0x24927, new FormatInfo(Format.Bc4Unorm,          4,  4,  8,  1) },
-            { 0x124a7, new FormatInfo(Format.Bc4Snorm,          4,  4,  8,  1) },
-            { 0x24928, new FormatInfo(Format.Bc5Unorm,          4,  4,  16, 2) },
-            { 0x124a8, new FormatInfo(Format.Bc5Snorm,          4,  4,  16, 2) },
-            { 0x24917, new FormatInfo(Format.Bc7Unorm,          4,  4,  16, 4) },
-            { 0xa4917, new FormatInfo(Format.Bc7Srgb,           4,  4,  16, 4) },
-            { 0x7ff90, new FormatInfo(Format.Bc6HSfloat,        4,  4,  16, 4) },
-            { 0x7ff91, new FormatInfo(Format.Bc6HUfloat,        4,  4,  16, 4) },
-            { 0x24906, new FormatInfo(Format.Etc2RgbUnorm,      4,  4,  8,  3) },
-            { 0x2490b, new FormatInfo(Format.Etc2RgbaUnorm,     4,  4,  16, 4) },
-            { 0xa4906, new FormatInfo(Format.Etc2RgbSrgb,       4,  4,  8,  3) },
-            { 0xa490b, new FormatInfo(Format.Etc2RgbaSrgb,      4,  4,  16, 4) },
-            { 0x24940, new FormatInfo(Format.Astc4x4Unorm,      4,  4,  16, 4) },
-            { 0x24950, new FormatInfo(Format.Astc5x4Unorm,      5,  4,  16, 4) },
-            { 0x24941, new FormatInfo(Format.Astc5x5Unorm,      5,  5,  16, 4) },
-            { 0x24951, new FormatInfo(Format.Astc6x5Unorm,      6,  5,  16, 4) },
-            { 0x24942, new FormatInfo(Format.Astc6x6Unorm,      6,  6,  16, 4) },
-            { 0x24955, new FormatInfo(Format.Astc8x5Unorm,      8,  5,  16, 4) },
-            { 0x24952, new FormatInfo(Format.Astc8x6Unorm,      8,  6,  16, 4) },
-            { 0x24944, new FormatInfo(Format.Astc8x8Unorm,      8,  8,  16, 4) },
-            { 0x24956, new FormatInfo(Format.Astc10x5Unorm,     10, 5,  16, 4) },
-            { 0x24957, new FormatInfo(Format.Astc10x6Unorm,     10, 6,  16, 4) },
-            { 0x24953, new FormatInfo(Format.Astc10x8Unorm,     10, 8,  16, 4) },
-            { 0x24945, new FormatInfo(Format.Astc10x10Unorm,    10, 10, 16, 4) },
-            { 0x24954, new FormatInfo(Format.Astc12x10Unorm,    12, 10, 16, 4) },
-            { 0x24946, new FormatInfo(Format.Astc12x12Unorm,    12, 12, 16, 4) },
-            { 0xa4940, new FormatInfo(Format.Astc4x4Srgb,       4,  4,  16, 4) },
-            { 0xa4950, new FormatInfo(Format.Astc5x4Srgb,       5,  4,  16, 4) },
-            { 0xa4941, new FormatInfo(Format.Astc5x5Srgb,       5,  5,  16, 4) },
-            { 0xa4951, new FormatInfo(Format.Astc6x5Srgb,       6,  5,  16, 4) },
-            { 0xa4942, new FormatInfo(Format.Astc6x6Srgb,       6,  6,  16, 4) },
-            { 0xa4955, new FormatInfo(Format.Astc8x5Srgb,       8,  5,  16, 4) },
-            { 0xa4952, new FormatInfo(Format.Astc8x6Srgb,       8,  6,  16, 4) },
-            { 0xa4944, new FormatInfo(Format.Astc8x8Srgb,       8,  8,  16, 4) },
-            { 0xa4956, new FormatInfo(Format.Astc10x5Srgb,      10, 5,  16, 4) },
-            { 0xa4957, new FormatInfo(Format.Astc10x6Srgb,      10, 6,  16, 4) },
-            { 0xa4953, new FormatInfo(Format.Astc10x8Srgb,      10, 8,  16, 4) },
-            { 0xa4945, new FormatInfo(Format.Astc10x10Srgb,     10, 10, 16, 4) },
-            { 0xa4954, new FormatInfo(Format.Astc12x10Srgb,     12, 10, 16, 4) },
-            { 0xa4946, new FormatInfo(Format.Astc12x12Srgb,     12, 12, 16, 4) },
-            { 0x24913, new FormatInfo(Format.A1B5G5R5Unorm,     1,  1,  2,  4) }
+            // Formats
+            R32G32B32A32 = 0x01,
+            R32G32B32 = 0x02,
+            R16G16B16A16 = 0x03,
+            R32G32 = 0x04,
+            R32B24G8 = 0x05,
+            X8B8G8R8 = 0x07,
+            A8B8G8R8 = 0x08,
+            A2B10G10R10 = 0x09,
+            R16G16 = 0x0c,
+            G8R24 = 0x0d,
+            G24R8 = 0x0e,
+            R32 = 0x0f,
+            A4B4G4R4 = 0x12,
+            A5B5G5R1 = 0x13,
+            A1B5G5R5 = 0x14,
+            B5G6R5 = 0x15,
+            B6G5R5 = 0x16,
+            G8R8 = 0x18,
+            R16 = 0x1b,
+            Y8Video = 0x1c,
+            R8 = 0x1d,
+            G4R4 = 0x1e,
+            R1 = 0x1f,
+            E5B9G9R9SharedExp = 0x20,
+            Bf10Gf11Rf11 = 0x21,
+            G8B8G8R8 = 0x22,
+            B8G8R8G8 = 0x23,
+            Bc1 = 0x24,
+            Bc2 = 0x25,
+            Bc3 = 0x26,
+            Bc4 = 0x27,
+            Bc5 = 0x28,
+            Bc6HSf16 = 0x10,
+            Bc6HUf16 = 0x11,
+            Bc7U = 0x17,
+            Etc2Rgb = 0x06,
+            Etc2RgbPta = 0x0a,
+            Etc2Rgba = 0x0b,
+            Eac = 0x19,
+            Eacx2 = 0x1a,
+            Z24S8 = 0x29,
+            X8Z24 = 0x2a,
+            S8Z24 = 0x2b,
+            X4V4Z24Cov4R4V = 0x2c,
+            X4V4Z24Cov8R8V = 0x2d,
+            V8Z24Cov4R12V = 0x2e,
+            Zf32 = 0x2f,
+            Zf32X24S8 = 0x30,
+            X8Z24X20V4S8Cov4R4V = 0x31,
+            X8Z24X20V4S8Cov8R8V = 0x32,
+            Zf32X20V4X8Cov4R4V = 0x33,
+            Zf32X20V4X8Cov8R8V = 0x34,
+            Zf32X20V4S8Cov4R4V = 0x35,
+            Zf32X20V4S8Cov8R8V = 0x36,
+            X8Z24X16V8S8Cov4R12V = 0x37,
+            Zf32X16V8X8Cov4R12V = 0x38,
+            Zf32X16V8S8Cov4R12V = 0x39,
+            Z16 = 0x3a,
+            V8Z24Cov8R24V = 0x3b,
+            X8Z24X16V8S8Cov8R24V = 0x3c,
+            Zf32X16V8X8Cov8R24V = 0x3d,
+            Zf32X16V8S8Cov8R24V = 0x3e,
+            Astc2D4x4 = 0x40,
+            Astc2D5x4 = 0x50,
+            Astc2D5x5 = 0x41,
+            Astc2D6x5 = 0x51,
+            Astc2D6x6 = 0x42,
+            Astc2D8x5 = 0x55,
+            Astc2D8x6 = 0x52,
+            Astc2D8x8 = 0x44,
+            Astc2D10x5 = 0x56,
+            Astc2D10x6 = 0x57,
+            Astc2D10x8 = 0x53,
+            Astc2D10x10 = 0x45,
+            Astc2D12x10 = 0x54,
+            Astc2D12x12 = 0x46,
+
+            // Types
+            Snorm = 0x1,
+            Unorm = 0x2,
+            Sint = 0x3,
+            Uint = 0x4,
+            SnormForceFp16 = 0x5,
+            UnormForceFp16 = 0x6,
+            Float = 0x7,
+
+            // Component Types
+            RSnorm = Snorm << 7,
+            GSnorm = Snorm << 10,
+            BSnorm = Snorm << 13,
+            ASnorm = Snorm << 16,
+
+            RUnorm = Unorm << 7,
+            GUnorm = Unorm << 10,
+            BUnorm = Unorm << 13,
+            AUnorm = Unorm << 16,
+
+            RSint = Sint << 7,
+            GSint = Sint << 10,
+            BSint = Sint << 13,
+            ASint = Sint << 16,
+
+            RUint = Uint << 7,
+            GUint = Uint << 10,
+            BUint = Uint << 13,
+            AUint = Uint << 16,
+
+            RSnormForceFp16 = SnormForceFp16 << 7,
+            GSnormForceFp16 = SnormForceFp16 << 10,
+            BSnormForceFp16 = SnormForceFp16 << 13,
+            ASnormForceFp16 = SnormForceFp16 << 16,
+
+            RUnormForceFp16 = UnormForceFp16 << 7,
+            GUnormForceFp16 = UnormForceFp16 << 10,
+            BUnormForceFp16 = UnormForceFp16 << 13,
+            AUnormForceFp16 = UnormForceFp16 << 16,
+
+            RFloat = Float << 7,
+            GFloat = Float << 10,
+            BFloat = Float << 13,
+            AFloat = Float << 16,
+
+            Srgb = 0x1 << 19, // Custom encoding
+
+            // Combinations
+            R8Unorm                          = R8                | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x2491d
+            R8Snorm                          = R8                | RSnorm | GSnorm | BSnorm | ASnorm,        // 0x1249d
+            R8Uint                           = R8                | RUint  | GUint  | BUint  | AUint,         // 0x4921d
+            R8Sint                           = R8                | RSint  | GSint  | BSint  | ASint,         // 0x36d9d
+            R16Float                         = R16               | RFloat | GFloat | BFloat | AFloat,        // 0x7ff9b
+            R16Unorm                         = R16               | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x2491b
+            R16Snorm                         = R16               | RSnorm | GSnorm | BSnorm | ASnorm,        // 0x1249b
+            R16Uint                          = R16               | RUint  | GUint  | BUint  | AUint,         // 0x4921b
+            R16Sint                          = R16               | RSint  | GSint  | BSint  | ASint,         // 0x36d9b
+            R32Float                         = R32               | RFloat | GFloat | BFloat | AFloat,        // 0x7ff8f
+            R32Uint                          = R32               | RUint  | GUint  | BUint  | AUint,         // 0x4920f
+            R32Sint                          = R32               | RSint  | GSint  | BSint  | ASint,         // 0x36d8f
+            G8R8Unorm                        = G8R8              | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24918
+            G8R8Snorm                        = G8R8              | RSnorm | GSnorm | BSnorm | ASnorm,        // 0x12498
+            G8R8Uint                         = G8R8              | RUint  | GUint  | BUint  | AUint,         // 0x49218
+            G8R8Sint                         = G8R8              | RSint  | GSint  | BSint  | ASint,         // 0x36d98
+            R16G16Float                      = R16G16            | RFloat | GFloat | BFloat | AFloat,        // 0x7ff8c
+            R16G16Unorm                      = R16G16            | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x2490c
+            R16G16Snorm                      = R16G16            | RSnorm | GSnorm | BSnorm | ASnorm,        // 0x1248c
+            R16G16Uint                       = R16G16            | RUint  | GUint  | BUint  | AUint,         // 0x4920c
+            R16G16Sint                       = R16G16            | RSint  | GSint  | BSint  | ASint,         // 0x36d8c
+            R32G32Float                      = R32G32            | RFloat | GFloat | BFloat | AFloat,        // 0x7ff84
+            R32G32Uint                       = R32G32            | RUint  | GUint  | BUint  | AUint,         // 0x49204
+            R32G32Sint                       = R32G32            | RSint  | GSint  | BSint  | ASint,         // 0x36d84
+            R32G32B32Float                   = R32G32B32         | RFloat | GFloat | BFloat | AFloat,        // 0x7ff82
+            R32G32B32Uint                    = R32G32B32         | RUint  | GUint  | BUint  | AUint,         // 0x49202
+            R32G32B32Sint                    = R32G32B32         | RSint  | GSint  | BSint  | ASint,         // 0x36d82
+            A8B8G8R8Unorm                    = A8B8G8R8          | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24908
+            A8B8G8R8Snorm                    = A8B8G8R8          | RSnorm | GSnorm | BSnorm | ASnorm,        // 0x12488
+            A8B8G8R8Uint                     = A8B8G8R8          | RUint  | GUint  | BUint  | AUint,         // 0x49208
+            A8B8G8R8Sint                     = A8B8G8R8          | RSint  | GSint  | BSint  | ASint,         // 0x36d88
+            R16G16B16A16Float                = R16G16B16A16      | RFloat | GFloat | BFloat | AFloat,        // 0x7ff83
+            R16G16B16A16Unorm                = R16G16B16A16      | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24903
+            R16G16B16A16Snorm                = R16G16B16A16      | RSnorm | GSnorm | BSnorm | ASnorm,        // 0x12483
+            R16G16B16A16Uint                 = R16G16B16A16      | RUint  | GUint  | BUint  | AUint,         // 0x49203
+            R16G16B16A16Sint                 = R16G16B16A16      | RSint  | GSint  | BSint  | ASint,         // 0x36d83
+            R32G32B32A32Float                = R32G32B32A32      | RFloat | GFloat | BFloat | AFloat,        // 0x7ff81
+            R32G32B32A32Uint                 = R32G32B32A32      | RUint  | GUint  | BUint  | AUint,         // 0x49201
+            R32G32B32A32Sint                 = R32G32B32A32      | RSint  | GSint  | BSint  | ASint,         // 0x36d81
+            Z16Unorm                         = Z16               | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x2493a
+            Zf32RFloatGUintBUintAUint        = Zf32              | RFloat | GUint  | BUint  | AUint,         // 0x493af
+            Zf32Float                        = Zf32              | RFloat | GFloat | BFloat | AFloat,        // 0x7ffaf
+            G24R8RUintGUnormBUnormAUnorm     = G24R8             | RUint  | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24a0e
+            Z24S8RUintGUnormBUnormAUnorm     = Z24S8             | RUint  | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24a29
+            Z24S8RUintGUnormBUintAUint       = Z24S8             | RUint  | GUnorm | BUint  | AUint,         // 0x48a29
+            S8Z24RUnormGUintBUintAUint       = S8Z24             | RUnorm | GUint  | BUint  | AUint,         // 0x4912b
+            R32B24G8RFloatGUintBUnormAUnorm  = R32B24G8          | RFloat | GUint  | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x25385
+            Zf32X24S8RFloatGUintBUnormAUnorm = Zf32X24S8         | RFloat | GUint  | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x253b0
+            A8B8G8R8UnormSrgb                = A8B8G8R8          | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm | Srgb, // 0xa4908
+            G4R4Unorm                        = G4R4              | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x2491e
+            A4B4G4R4Unorm                    = A4B4G4R4          | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24912
+            A1B5G5R5Unorm                    = A1B5G5R5          | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24914
+            B5G6R5Unorm                      = B5G6R5            | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24915
+            A2B10G10R10Unorm                 = A2B10G10R10       | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24909
+            A2B10G10R10Uint                  = A2B10G10R10       | RUint  | GUint  | BUint  | AUint,         // 0x49209
+            Bf10Gf11Rf11Float                = Bf10Gf11Rf11      | RFloat | GFloat | BFloat | AFloat,        // 0x7ffa1
+            E5B9G9R9SharedExpFloat           = E5B9G9R9SharedExp | RFloat | GFloat | BFloat | AFloat,        // 0x7ffa0
+            Bc1Unorm                         = Bc1               | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24924
+            Bc2Unorm                         = Bc2               | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24925
+            Bc3Unorm                         = Bc3               | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24926
+            Bc1UnormSrgb                     = Bc1               | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm | Srgb, // 0xa4924
+            Bc2UnormSrgb                     = Bc2               | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm | Srgb, // 0xa4925
+            Bc3UnormSrgb                     = Bc3               | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm | Srgb, // 0xa4926
+            Bc4Unorm                         = Bc4               | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24927
+            Bc4Snorm                         = Bc4               | RSnorm | GSnorm | BSnorm | ASnorm,        // 0x124a7
+            Bc5Unorm                         = Bc5               | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24928
+            Bc5Snorm                         = Bc5               | RSnorm | GSnorm | BSnorm | ASnorm,        // 0x124a8
+            Bc7UUnorm                        = Bc7U              | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24917
+            Bc7UUnormSrgb                    = Bc7U              | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm | Srgb, // 0xa4917
+            Bc6HSf16Float                    = Bc6HSf16          | RFloat | GFloat | BFloat | AFloat,        // 0x7ff90
+            Bc6HUf16Float                    = Bc6HUf16          | RFloat | GFloat | BFloat | AFloat,        // 0x7ff91
+            Etc2RgbUnorm                     = Etc2Rgb           | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24906
+            Etc2RgbaUnorm                    = Etc2Rgba          | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x2490b
+            Etc2RgbUnormSrgb                 = Etc2Rgb           | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm | Srgb, // 0xa4906
+            Etc2RgbaUnormSrgb                = Etc2Rgba          | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm | Srgb, // 0xa490b
+            Astc2D4x4Unorm                   = Astc2D4x4         | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24940
+            Astc2D5x4Unorm                   = Astc2D5x4         | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24950
+            Astc2D5x5Unorm                   = Astc2D5x5         | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24941
+            Astc2D6x5Unorm                   = Astc2D6x5         | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24951
+            Astc2D6x6Unorm                   = Astc2D6x6         | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24942
+            Astc2D8x5Unorm                   = Astc2D8x5         | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24955
+            Astc2D8x6Unorm                   = Astc2D8x6         | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24952
+            Astc2D8x8Unorm                   = Astc2D8x8         | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24944
+            Astc2D10x5Unorm                  = Astc2D10x5        | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24956
+            Astc2D10x6Unorm                  = Astc2D10x6        | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24957
+            Astc2D10x8Unorm                  = Astc2D10x8        | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24953
+            Astc2D10x10Unorm                 = Astc2D10x10       | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24945
+            Astc2D12x10Unorm                 = Astc2D12x10       | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24954
+            Astc2D12x12Unorm                 = Astc2D12x12       | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24946
+            Astc2D4x4UnormSrgb               = Astc2D4x4         | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm | Srgb, // 0xa4940
+            Astc2D5x4UnormSrgb               = Astc2D5x4         | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm | Srgb, // 0xa4950
+            Astc2D5x5UnormSrgb               = Astc2D5x5         | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm | Srgb, // 0xa4941
+            Astc2D6x5UnormSrgb               = Astc2D6x5         | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm | Srgb, // 0xa4951
+            Astc2D6x6UnormSrgb               = Astc2D6x6         | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm | Srgb, // 0xa4942
+            Astc2D8x5UnormSrgb               = Astc2D8x5         | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm | Srgb, // 0xa4955
+            Astc2D8x6UnormSrgb               = Astc2D8x6         | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm | Srgb, // 0xa4952
+            Astc2D8x8UnormSrgb               = Astc2D8x8         | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm | Srgb, // 0xa4944
+            Astc2D10x5UnormSrgb              = Astc2D10x5        | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm | Srgb, // 0xa4956
+            Astc2D10x6UnormSrgb              = Astc2D10x6        | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm | Srgb, // 0xa4957
+            Astc2D10x8UnormSrgb              = Astc2D10x8        | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm | Srgb, // 0xa4953
+            Astc2D10x10UnormSrgb             = Astc2D10x10       | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm | Srgb, // 0xa4945
+            Astc2D12x10UnormSrgb             = Astc2D12x10       | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm | Srgb, // 0xa4954
+            Astc2D12x12UnormSrgb             = Astc2D12x12       | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm | Srgb, // 0xa4946
+            A5B5G5R1Unorm                    = A5B5G5R1          | RUnorm | GUnorm | BUnorm | AUnorm,        // 0x24913
+        }
+
+        private enum VertexAttributeFormat : uint
+        {
+            // Width
+            R32G32B32A32 = 0x01,
+            R32G32B32 = 0x02,
+            R16G16B16A16 = 0x03,
+            R32G32 = 0x04,
+            R16G16B16 = 0x05,
+            A8B8G8R8 = 0x2f,
+            R8G8B8A8 = 0x0a,
+            X8B8G8R8 = 0x33,
+            A2B10G10R10 = 0x30,
+            B10G11R11 = 0x31,
+            R16G16 = 0x0f,
+            R32 = 0x12,
+            R8G8B8 = 0x13,
+            G8R8 = 0x32,
+            R8G8 = 0x18,
+            R16 = 0x1b,
+            R8 = 0x1d,
+            A8 = 0x34,
+
+            // Type
+            Snorm = 0x01,
+            Unorm = 0x02,
+            Sint = 0x03,
+            Uint = 0x04,
+            Uscaled = 0x05,
+            Sscaled = 0x06,
+            Float = 0x07,
+
+            // Combinations
+            R8Unorm             = (R8 << 21)           | (Unorm << 27),   // 0x13a00000
+            R8Snorm             = (R8 << 21)           | (Snorm << 27),   // 0x0ba00000
+            R8Uint              = (R8 << 21)           | (Uint << 27),    // 0x23a00000
+            R8Sint              = (R8 << 21)           | (Sint << 27),    // 0x1ba00000
+            R16Float            = (R16 << 21)          | (Float << 27),   // 0x3b600000
+            R16Unorm            = (R16 << 21)          | (Unorm << 27),   // 0x13600000
+            R16Snorm            = (R16 << 21)          | (Snorm << 27),   // 0x0b600000
+            R16Uint             = (R16 << 21)          | (Uint << 27),    // 0x23600000
+            R16Sint             = (R16 << 21)          | (Sint << 27),    // 0x1b600000
+            R32Float            = (R32 << 21)          | (Float << 27),   // 0x3a400000
+            R32Uint             = (R32 << 21)          | (Uint << 27),    // 0x22400000
+            R32Sint             = (R32 << 21)          | (Sint << 27),    // 0x1a400000
+            R8G8Unorm           = (R8G8 << 21)         | (Unorm << 27),   // 0x13000000
+            R8G8Snorm           = (R8G8 << 21)         | (Snorm << 27),   // 0x0b000000
+            R8G8Uint            = (R8G8 << 21)         | (Uint << 27),    // 0x23000000
+            R8G8Sint            = (R8G8 << 21)         | (Sint << 27),    // 0x1b000000
+            R16G16Float         = (R16G16 << 21)       | (Float << 27),   // 0x39e00000
+            R16G16Unorm         = (R16G16 << 21)       | (Unorm << 27),   // 0x11e00000
+            R16G16Snorm         = (R16G16 << 21)       | (Snorm << 27),   // 0x09e00000
+            R16G16Uint          = (R16G16 << 21)       | (Uint << 27),    // 0x21e00000
+            R16G16Sint          = (R16G16 << 21)       | (Sint << 27),    // 0x19e00000
+            R32G32Float         = (R32G32 << 21)       | (Float << 27),   // 0x38800000
+            R32G32Uint          = (R32G32 << 21)       | (Uint << 27),    // 0x20800000
+            R32G32Sint          = (R32G32 << 21)       | (Sint << 27),    // 0x18800000
+            R8G8B8Unorm         = (R8G8B8 << 21)       | (Unorm << 27),   // 0x12600000
+            R8G8B8Snorm         = (R8G8B8 << 21)       | (Snorm << 27),   // 0x0a600000
+            R8G8B8Uint          = (R8G8B8 << 21)       | (Uint << 27),    // 0x22600000
+            R8G8B8Sint          = (R8G8B8 << 21)       | (Sint << 27),    // 0x1a600000
+            R16G16B16Float      = (R16G16B16 << 21)    | (Float << 27),   // 0x38a00000
+            R16G16B16Unorm      = (R16G16B16 << 21)    | (Unorm << 27),   // 0x10a00000
+            R16G16B16Snorm      = (R16G16B16 << 21)    | (Snorm << 27),   // 0x08a00000
+            R16G16B16Uint       = (R16G16B16 << 21)    | (Uint << 27),    // 0x20a00000
+            R16G16B16Sint       = (R16G16B16 << 21)    | (Sint << 27),    // 0x18a00000
+            R32G32B32Float      = (R32G32B32 << 21)    | (Float << 27),   // 0x38400000
+            R32G32B32Uint       = (R32G32B32 << 21)    | (Uint << 27),    // 0x20400000
+            R32G32B32Sint       = (R32G32B32 << 21)    | (Sint << 27),    // 0x18400000
+            R8G8B8A8Unorm       = (R8G8B8A8 << 21)     | (Unorm << 27),   // 0x11400000
+            R8G8B8A8Snorm       = (R8G8B8A8 << 21)     | (Snorm << 27),   // 0x09400000
+            R8G8B8A8Uint        = (R8G8B8A8 << 21)     | (Uint << 27),    // 0x21400000
+            R8G8B8A8Sint        = (R8G8B8A8 << 21)     | (Sint << 27),    // 0x19400000
+            R16G16B16A16Float   = (R16G16B16A16 << 21) | (Float << 27),   // 0x38600000
+            R16G16B16A16Unorm   = (R16G16B16A16 << 21) | (Unorm << 27),   // 0x10600000
+            R16G16B16A16Snorm   = (R16G16B16A16 << 21) | (Snorm << 27),   // 0x08600000
+            R16G16B16A16Uint    = (R16G16B16A16 << 21) | (Uint << 27),    // 0x20600000
+            R16G16B16A16Sint    = (R16G16B16A16 << 21) | (Sint << 27),    // 0x18600000
+            R32G32B32A32Float   = (R32G32B32A32 << 21) | (Float << 27),   // 0x38200000
+            R32G32B32A32Uint    = (R32G32B32A32 << 21) | (Uint << 27),    // 0x20200000
+            R32G32B32A32Sint    = (R32G32B32A32 << 21) | (Sint << 27),    // 0x18200000
+            A2B10G10R10Unorm    = (A2B10G10R10 << 21)  | (Unorm << 27),   // 0x16000000
+            A2B10G10R10Uint     = (A2B10G10R10 << 21)  | (Uint << 27),    // 0x26000000
+            B10G11R11Float      = (B10G11R11 << 21)    | (Float << 27),   // 0x3e200000
+            R8Uscaled           = (R8 << 21)           | (Uscaled << 27), // 0x2ba00000
+            R8Sscaled           = (R8 << 21)           | (Sscaled << 27), // 0x33a00000
+            R16Uscaled          = (R16 << 21)          | (Uscaled << 27), // 0x2b600000
+            R16Sscaled          = (R16 << 21)          | (Sscaled << 27), // 0x33600000
+            R32Uscaled          = (R32 << 21)          | (Uscaled << 27), // 0x2a400000
+            R32Sscaled          = (R32 << 21)          | (Sscaled << 27), // 0x32400000
+            R8G8Uscaled         = (R8G8 << 21)         | (Uscaled << 27), // 0x2b000000
+            R8G8Sscaled         = (R8G8 << 21)         | (Sscaled << 27), // 0x33000000
+            R16G16Uscaled       = (R16G16 << 21)       | (Uscaled << 27), // 0x29e00000
+            R16G16Sscaled       = (R16G16 << 21)       | (Sscaled << 27), // 0x31e00000
+            R32G32Uscaled       = (R32G32 << 21)       | (Uscaled << 27), // 0x28800000
+            R32G32Sscaled       = (R32G32 << 21)       | (Sscaled << 27), // 0x30800000
+            R8G8B8Uscaled       = (R8G8B8 << 21)       | (Uscaled << 27), // 0x2a600000
+            R8G8B8Sscaled       = (R8G8B8 << 21)       | (Sscaled << 27), // 0x32600000
+            R16G16B16Uscaled    = (R16G16B16 << 21)    | (Uscaled << 27), // 0x28a00000
+            R16G16B16Sscaled    = (R16G16B16 << 21)    | (Sscaled << 27), // 0x30a00000
+            R32G32B32Uscaled    = (R32G32B32 << 21)    | (Uscaled << 27), // 0x28400000
+            R32G32B32Sscaled    = (R32G32B32 << 21)    | (Sscaled << 27), // 0x30400000
+            R8G8B8A8Uscaled     = (R8G8B8A8 << 21)     | (Uscaled << 27), // 0x29400000
+            R8G8B8A8Sscaled     = (R8G8B8A8 << 21)     | (Sscaled << 27), // 0x31400000
+            R16G16B16A16Uscaled = (R16G16B16A16 << 21) | (Uscaled << 27), // 0x28600000
+            R16G16B16A16Sscaled = (R16G16B16A16 << 21) | (Sscaled << 27), // 0x30600000
+            R32G32B32A32Uscaled = (R32G32B32A32 << 21) | (Uscaled << 27), // 0x28200000
+            R32G32B32A32Sscaled = (R32G32B32A32 << 21) | (Sscaled << 27), // 0x30200000
+            A2B10G10R10Snorm    = (A2B10G10R10 << 21)  | (Snorm << 27),   // 0x0e000000
+            A2B10G10R10Sint     = (A2B10G10R10 << 21)  | (Sint << 27),    // 0x1e000000
+            A2B10G10R10Uscaled  = (A2B10G10R10 << 21)  | (Uscaled << 27), // 0x2e000000
+            A2B10G10R10Sscaled  = (A2B10G10R10 << 21)  | (Sscaled << 27), // 0x36000000
+        }
+
+        private static readonly Dictionary<TextureFormat, FormatInfo> _textureFormats = new Dictionary<TextureFormat, FormatInfo>()
+        {
+            { TextureFormat.R8Unorm,                          new FormatInfo(Format.R8Unorm,           1,  1,  1,  1) },
+            { TextureFormat.R8Snorm,                          new FormatInfo(Format.R8Snorm,           1,  1,  1,  1) },
+            { TextureFormat.R8Uint,                           new FormatInfo(Format.R8Uint,            1,  1,  1,  1) },
+            { TextureFormat.R8Sint,                           new FormatInfo(Format.R8Sint,            1,  1,  1,  1) },
+            { TextureFormat.R16Float,                         new FormatInfo(Format.R16Float,          1,  1,  2,  1) },
+            { TextureFormat.R16Unorm,                         new FormatInfo(Format.R16Unorm,          1,  1,  2,  1) },
+            { TextureFormat.R16Snorm,                         new FormatInfo(Format.R16Snorm,          1,  1,  2,  1) },
+            { TextureFormat.R16Uint,                          new FormatInfo(Format.R16Uint,           1,  1,  2,  1) },
+            { TextureFormat.R16Sint,                          new FormatInfo(Format.R16Sint,           1,  1,  2,  1) },
+            { TextureFormat.R32Float,                         new FormatInfo(Format.R32Float,          1,  1,  4,  1) },
+            { TextureFormat.R32Uint,                          new FormatInfo(Format.R32Uint,           1,  1,  4,  1) },
+            { TextureFormat.R32Sint,                          new FormatInfo(Format.R32Sint,           1,  1,  4,  1) },
+            { TextureFormat.G8R8Unorm,                        new FormatInfo(Format.R8G8Unorm,         1,  1,  2,  2) },
+            { TextureFormat.G8R8Snorm,                        new FormatInfo(Format.R8G8Snorm,         1,  1,  2,  2) },
+            { TextureFormat.G8R8Uint,                         new FormatInfo(Format.R8G8Uint,          1,  1,  2,  2) },
+            { TextureFormat.G8R8Sint,                         new FormatInfo(Format.R8G8Sint,          1,  1,  2,  2) },
+            { TextureFormat.R16G16Float,                      new FormatInfo(Format.R16G16Float,       1,  1,  4,  2) },
+            { TextureFormat.R16G16Unorm,                      new FormatInfo(Format.R16G16Unorm,       1,  1,  4,  2) },
+            { TextureFormat.R16G16Snorm,                      new FormatInfo(Format.R16G16Snorm,       1,  1,  4,  2) },
+            { TextureFormat.R16G16Uint,                       new FormatInfo(Format.R16G16Uint,        1,  1,  4,  2) },
+            { TextureFormat.R16G16Sint,                       new FormatInfo(Format.R16G16Sint,        1,  1,  4,  2) },
+            { TextureFormat.R32G32Float,                      new FormatInfo(Format.R32G32Float,       1,  1,  8,  2) },
+            { TextureFormat.R32G32Uint,                       new FormatInfo(Format.R32G32Uint,        1,  1,  8,  2) },
+            { TextureFormat.R32G32Sint,                       new FormatInfo(Format.R32G32Sint,        1,  1,  8,  2) },
+            { TextureFormat.R32G32B32Float,                   new FormatInfo(Format.R32G32B32Float,    1,  1,  12, 3) },
+            { TextureFormat.R32G32B32Uint,                    new FormatInfo(Format.R32G32B32Uint,     1,  1,  12, 3) },
+            { TextureFormat.R32G32B32Sint,                    new FormatInfo(Format.R32G32B32Sint,     1,  1,  12, 3) },
+            { TextureFormat.A8B8G8R8Unorm,                    new FormatInfo(Format.R8G8B8A8Unorm,     1,  1,  4,  4) },
+            { TextureFormat.A8B8G8R8Snorm,                    new FormatInfo(Format.R8G8B8A8Snorm,     1,  1,  4,  4) },
+            { TextureFormat.A8B8G8R8Uint,                     new FormatInfo(Format.R8G8B8A8Uint,      1,  1,  4,  4) },
+            { TextureFormat.A8B8G8R8Sint,                     new FormatInfo(Format.R8G8B8A8Sint,      1,  1,  4,  4) },
+            { TextureFormat.R16G16B16A16Float,                new FormatInfo(Format.R16G16B16A16Float, 1,  1,  8,  4) },
+            { TextureFormat.R16G16B16A16Unorm,                new FormatInfo(Format.R16G16B16A16Unorm, 1,  1,  8,  4) },
+            { TextureFormat.R16G16B16A16Snorm,                new FormatInfo(Format.R16G16B16A16Snorm, 1,  1,  8,  4) },
+            { TextureFormat.R16G16B16A16Uint,                 new FormatInfo(Format.R16G16B16A16Uint,  1,  1,  8,  4) },
+            { TextureFormat.R16G16B16A16Sint,                 new FormatInfo(Format.R16G16B16A16Sint,  1,  1,  8,  4) },
+            { TextureFormat.R32G32B32A32Float,                new FormatInfo(Format.R32G32B32A32Float, 1,  1,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.R32G32B32A32Uint,                 new FormatInfo(Format.R32G32B32A32Uint,  1,  1,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.R32G32B32A32Sint,                 new FormatInfo(Format.R32G32B32A32Sint,  1,  1,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Z16Unorm,                         new FormatInfo(Format.D16Unorm,          1,  1,  2,  1) },
+            { TextureFormat.Zf32RFloatGUintBUintAUint,        new FormatInfo(Format.D32Float,          1,  1,  4,  1) },
+            { TextureFormat.Zf32Float,                        new FormatInfo(Format.D32Float,          1,  1,  4,  1) },
+            { TextureFormat.G24R8RUintGUnormBUnormAUnorm,     new FormatInfo(Format.D24UnormS8Uint,    1,  1,  4,  2) },
+            { TextureFormat.Z24S8RUintGUnormBUnormAUnorm,     new FormatInfo(Format.D24UnormS8Uint,    1,  1,  4,  2) },
+            { TextureFormat.Z24S8RUintGUnormBUintAUint,       new FormatInfo(Format.D24UnormS8Uint,    1,  1,  4,  2) },
+            { TextureFormat.S8Z24RUnormGUintBUintAUint,       new FormatInfo(Format.S8UintD24Unorm,    1,  1,  4,  2) },
+            { TextureFormat.R32B24G8RFloatGUintBUnormAUnorm,  new FormatInfo(Format.D32FloatS8Uint,    1,  1,  8,  2) },
+            { TextureFormat.Zf32X24S8RFloatGUintBUnormAUnorm, new FormatInfo(Format.D32FloatS8Uint,    1,  1,  8,  2) },
+            { TextureFormat.A8B8G8R8UnormSrgb,                new FormatInfo(Format.R8G8B8A8Srgb,      1,  1,  4,  4) },
+            { TextureFormat.G4R4Unorm,                        new FormatInfo(Format.R4G4Unorm,         1,  1,  1,  2) },
+            { TextureFormat.A4B4G4R4Unorm,                    new FormatInfo(Format.R4G4B4A4Unorm,     1,  1,  2,  4) },
+            { TextureFormat.A1B5G5R5Unorm,                    new FormatInfo(Format.R5G5B5A1Unorm,     1,  1,  2,  4) },
+            { TextureFormat.B5G6R5Unorm,                      new FormatInfo(Format.R5G6B5Unorm,       1,  1,  2,  3) },
+            { TextureFormat.A2B10G10R10Unorm,                 new FormatInfo(Format.R10G10B10A2Unorm,  1,  1,  4,  4) },
+            { TextureFormat.A2B10G10R10Uint,                  new FormatInfo(Format.R10G10B10A2Uint,   1,  1,  4,  4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Bf10Gf11Rf11Float,                new FormatInfo(Format.R11G11B10Float,    1,  1,  4,  3) },
+            { TextureFormat.E5B9G9R9SharedExpFloat,           new FormatInfo(Format.R9G9B9E5Float,     1,  1,  4,  4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Bc1Unorm,                         new FormatInfo(Format.Bc1RgbaUnorm,      4,  4,  8,  4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Bc2Unorm,                         new FormatInfo(Format.Bc2Unorm,          4,  4,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Bc3Unorm,                         new FormatInfo(Format.Bc3Unorm,          4,  4,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Bc1UnormSrgb,                     new FormatInfo(Format.Bc1RgbaSrgb,       4,  4,  8,  4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Bc2UnormSrgb,                     new FormatInfo(Format.Bc2Srgb,           4,  4,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Bc3UnormSrgb,                     new FormatInfo(Format.Bc3Srgb,           4,  4,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Bc4Unorm,                         new FormatInfo(Format.Bc4Unorm,          4,  4,  8,  1) },
+            { TextureFormat.Bc4Snorm,                         new FormatInfo(Format.Bc4Snorm,          4,  4,  8,  1) },
+            { TextureFormat.Bc5Unorm,                         new FormatInfo(Format.Bc5Unorm,          4,  4,  16, 2) },
+            { TextureFormat.Bc5Snorm,                         new FormatInfo(Format.Bc5Snorm,          4,  4,  16, 2) },
+            { TextureFormat.Bc7UUnorm,                        new FormatInfo(Format.Bc7Unorm,          4,  4,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Bc7UUnormSrgb,                    new FormatInfo(Format.Bc7Srgb,           4,  4,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Bc6HSf16Float,                    new FormatInfo(Format.Bc6HSfloat,        4,  4,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Bc6HUf16Float,                    new FormatInfo(Format.Bc6HUfloat,        4,  4,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Etc2RgbUnorm,                     new FormatInfo(Format.Etc2RgbUnorm,      4,  4,  8,  3) },
+            { TextureFormat.Etc2RgbaUnorm,                    new FormatInfo(Format.Etc2RgbaUnorm,     4,  4,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Etc2RgbUnormSrgb,                 new FormatInfo(Format.Etc2RgbSrgb,       4,  4,  8,  3) },
+            { TextureFormat.Etc2RgbaUnormSrgb,                new FormatInfo(Format.Etc2RgbaSrgb,      4,  4,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Astc2D4x4Unorm,                   new FormatInfo(Format.Astc4x4Unorm,      4,  4,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Astc2D5x4Unorm,                   new FormatInfo(Format.Astc5x4Unorm,      5,  4,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Astc2D5x5Unorm,                   new FormatInfo(Format.Astc5x5Unorm,      5,  5,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Astc2D6x5Unorm,                   new FormatInfo(Format.Astc6x5Unorm,      6,  5,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Astc2D6x6Unorm,                   new FormatInfo(Format.Astc6x6Unorm,      6,  6,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Astc2D8x5Unorm,                   new FormatInfo(Format.Astc8x5Unorm,      8,  5,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Astc2D8x6Unorm,                   new FormatInfo(Format.Astc8x6Unorm,      8,  6,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Astc2D8x8Unorm,                   new FormatInfo(Format.Astc8x8Unorm,      8,  8,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Astc2D10x5Unorm,                  new FormatInfo(Format.Astc10x5Unorm,     10, 5,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Astc2D10x6Unorm,                  new FormatInfo(Format.Astc10x6Unorm,     10, 6,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Astc2D10x8Unorm,                  new FormatInfo(Format.Astc10x8Unorm,     10, 8,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Astc2D10x10Unorm,                 new FormatInfo(Format.Astc10x10Unorm,    10, 10, 16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Astc2D12x10Unorm,                 new FormatInfo(Format.Astc12x10Unorm,    12, 10, 16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Astc2D12x12Unorm,                 new FormatInfo(Format.Astc12x12Unorm,    12, 12, 16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Astc2D4x4UnormSrgb,               new FormatInfo(Format.Astc4x4Srgb,       4,  4,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Astc2D5x4UnormSrgb,               new FormatInfo(Format.Astc5x4Srgb,       5,  4,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Astc2D5x5UnormSrgb,               new FormatInfo(Format.Astc5x5Srgb,       5,  5,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Astc2D6x5UnormSrgb,               new FormatInfo(Format.Astc6x5Srgb,       6,  5,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Astc2D6x6UnormSrgb,               new FormatInfo(Format.Astc6x6Srgb,       6,  6,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Astc2D8x5UnormSrgb,               new FormatInfo(Format.Astc8x5Srgb,       8,  5,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Astc2D8x6UnormSrgb,               new FormatInfo(Format.Astc8x6Srgb,       8,  6,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Astc2D8x8UnormSrgb,               new FormatInfo(Format.Astc8x8Srgb,       8,  8,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Astc2D10x5UnormSrgb,              new FormatInfo(Format.Astc10x5Srgb,      10, 5,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Astc2D10x6UnormSrgb,              new FormatInfo(Format.Astc10x6Srgb,      10, 6,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Astc2D10x8UnormSrgb,              new FormatInfo(Format.Astc10x8Srgb,      10, 8,  16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Astc2D10x10UnormSrgb,             new FormatInfo(Format.Astc10x10Srgb,     10, 10, 16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Astc2D12x10UnormSrgb,             new FormatInfo(Format.Astc12x10Srgb,     12, 10, 16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.Astc2D12x12UnormSrgb,             new FormatInfo(Format.Astc12x12Srgb,     12, 12, 16, 4) },
+            { TextureFormat.A5B5G5R1Unorm,                    new FormatInfo(Format.A1B5G5R5Unorm,     1,  1,  2,  4) }
         };
 
-        private static Dictionary<ulong, Format> _attribFormats = new Dictionary<ulong, Format>()
+        private static readonly Dictionary<VertexAttributeFormat, Format> _attribFormats = new Dictionary<VertexAttributeFormat, Format>()
         {
-            { 0x13a00000, Format.R8Unorm             },
-            { 0x0ba00000, Format.R8Snorm             },
-            { 0x23a00000, Format.R8Uint              },
-            { 0x1ba00000, Format.R8Sint              },
-            { 0x3b600000, Format.R16Float            },
-            { 0x13600000, Format.R16Unorm            },
-            { 0x0b600000, Format.R16Snorm            },
-            { 0x23600000, Format.R16Uint             },
-            { 0x1b600000, Format.R16Sint             },
-            { 0x3a400000, Format.R32Float            },
-            { 0x22400000, Format.R32Uint             },
-            { 0x1a400000, Format.R32Sint             },
-            { 0x13000000, Format.R8G8Unorm           },
-            { 0x0b000000, Format.R8G8Snorm           },
-            { 0x23000000, Format.R8G8Uint            },
-            { 0x1b000000, Format.R8G8Sint            },
-            { 0x39e00000, Format.R16G16Float         },
-            { 0x11e00000, Format.R16G16Unorm         },
-            { 0x09e00000, Format.R16G16Snorm         },
-            { 0x21e00000, Format.R16G16Uint          },
-            { 0x19e00000, Format.R16G16Sint          },
-            { 0x38800000, Format.R32G32Float         },
-            { 0x20800000, Format.R32G32Uint          },
-            { 0x18800000, Format.R32G32Sint          },
-            { 0x12600000, Format.R8G8B8Unorm         },
-            { 0x0a600000, Format.R8G8B8Snorm         },
-            { 0x22600000, Format.R8G8B8Uint          },
-            { 0x1a600000, Format.R8G8B8Sint          },
-            { 0x38a00000, Format.R16G16B16Float      },
-            { 0x10a00000, Format.R16G16B16Unorm      },
-            { 0x08a00000, Format.R16G16B16Snorm      },
-            { 0x20a00000, Format.R16G16B16Uint       },
-            { 0x18a00000, Format.R16G16B16Sint       },
-            { 0x38400000, Format.R32G32B32Float      },
-            { 0x20400000, Format.R32G32B32Uint       },
-            { 0x18400000, Format.R32G32B32Sint       },
-            { 0x11400000, Format.R8G8B8A8Unorm       },
-            { 0x09400000, Format.R8G8B8A8Snorm       },
-            { 0x21400000, Format.R8G8B8A8Uint        },
-            { 0x19400000, Format.R8G8B8A8Sint        },
-            { 0x38600000, Format.R16G16B16A16Float   },
-            { 0x10600000, Format.R16G16B16A16Unorm   },
-            { 0x08600000, Format.R16G16B16A16Snorm   },
-            { 0x20600000, Format.R16G16B16A16Uint    },
-            { 0x18600000, Format.R16G16B16A16Sint    },
-            { 0x38200000, Format.R32G32B32A32Float   },
-            { 0x20200000, Format.R32G32B32A32Uint    },
-            { 0x18200000, Format.R32G32B32A32Sint    },
-            { 0x16000000, Format.R10G10B10A2Unorm    },
-            { 0x26000000, Format.R10G10B10A2Uint     },
-            { 0x3e200000, Format.R11G11B10Float      },
-            { 0x2ba00000, Format.R8Uscaled           },
-            { 0x33a00000, Format.R8Sscaled           },
-            { 0x2b600000, Format.R16Uscaled          },
-            { 0x33600000, Format.R16Sscaled          },
-            { 0x2a400000, Format.R32Uscaled          },
-            { 0x32400000, Format.R32Sscaled          },
-            { 0x2b000000, Format.R8G8Uscaled         },
-            { 0x33000000, Format.R8G8Sscaled         },
-            { 0x29e00000, Format.R16G16Uscaled       },
-            { 0x31e00000, Format.R16G16Sscaled       },
-            { 0x28800000, Format.R32G32Uscaled       },
-            { 0x30800000, Format.R32G32Sscaled       },
-            { 0x2a600000, Format.R8G8B8Uscaled       },
-            { 0x32600000, Format.R8G8B8Sscaled       },
-            { 0x28a00000, Format.R16G16B16Uscaled    },
-            { 0x30a00000, Format.R16G16B16Sscaled    },
-            { 0x28400000, Format.R32G32B32Uscaled    },
-            { 0x30400000, Format.R32G32B32Sscaled    },
-            { 0x29400000, Format.R8G8B8A8Uscaled     },
-            { 0x31400000, Format.R8G8B8A8Sscaled     },
-            { 0x28600000, Format.R16G16B16A16Uscaled },
-            { 0x30600000, Format.R16G16B16A16Sscaled },
-            { 0x28200000, Format.R32G32B32A32Uscaled },
-            { 0x30200000, Format.R32G32B32A32Sscaled },
-            { 0x0e000000, Format.R10G10B10A2Snorm    },
-            { 0x1e000000, Format.R10G10B10A2Sint     },
-            { 0x2e000000, Format.R10G10B10A2Uscaled  },
-            { 0x36000000, Format.R10G10B10A2Sscaled  }
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R8Unorm,             Format.R8Unorm             },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R8Snorm,             Format.R8Snorm             },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R8Uint,              Format.R8Uint              },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R8Sint,              Format.R8Sint              },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R16Float,            Format.R16Float            },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R16Unorm,            Format.R16Unorm            },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R16Snorm,            Format.R16Snorm            },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R16Uint,             Format.R16Uint             },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R16Sint,             Format.R16Sint             },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R32Float,            Format.R32Float            },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R32Uint,             Format.R32Uint             },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R32Sint,             Format.R32Sint             },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R8G8Unorm,           Format.R8G8Unorm           },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R8G8Snorm,           Format.R8G8Snorm           },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R8G8Uint,            Format.R8G8Uint            },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R8G8Sint,            Format.R8G8Sint            },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R16G16Float,         Format.R16G16Float         },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R16G16Unorm,         Format.R16G16Unorm         },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R16G16Snorm,         Format.R16G16Snorm         },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R16G16Uint,          Format.R16G16Uint          },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R16G16Sint,          Format.R16G16Sint          },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R32G32Float,         Format.R32G32Float         },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R32G32Uint,          Format.R32G32Uint          },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R32G32Sint,          Format.R32G32Sint          },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R8G8B8Unorm,         Format.R8G8B8Unorm         },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R8G8B8Snorm,         Format.R8G8B8Snorm         },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R8G8B8Uint,          Format.R8G8B8Uint          },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R8G8B8Sint,          Format.R8G8B8Sint          },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R16G16B16Float,      Format.R16G16B16Float      },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R16G16B16Unorm,      Format.R16G16B16Unorm      },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R16G16B16Snorm,      Format.R16G16B16Snorm      },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R16G16B16Uint,       Format.R16G16B16Uint       },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R16G16B16Sint,       Format.R16G16B16Sint       },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R32G32B32Float,      Format.R32G32B32Float      },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R32G32B32Uint,       Format.R32G32B32Uint       },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R32G32B32Sint,       Format.R32G32B32Sint       },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R8G8B8A8Unorm,       Format.R8G8B8A8Unorm       },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R8G8B8A8Snorm,       Format.R8G8B8A8Snorm       },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R8G8B8A8Uint,        Format.R8G8B8A8Uint        },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R8G8B8A8Sint,        Format.R8G8B8A8Sint        },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R16G16B16A16Float,   Format.R16G16B16A16Float   },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R16G16B16A16Unorm,   Format.R16G16B16A16Unorm   },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R16G16B16A16Snorm,   Format.R16G16B16A16Snorm   },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R16G16B16A16Uint,    Format.R16G16B16A16Uint    },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R16G16B16A16Sint,    Format.R16G16B16A16Sint    },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R32G32B32A32Float,   Format.R32G32B32A32Float   },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R32G32B32A32Uint,    Format.R32G32B32A32Uint    },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R32G32B32A32Sint,    Format.R32G32B32A32Sint    },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.A2B10G10R10Unorm,    Format.R10G10B10A2Unorm    },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.A2B10G10R10Uint,     Format.R10G10B10A2Uint     },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.B10G11R11Float,      Format.R11G11B10Float      },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R8Uscaled,           Format.R8Uscaled           },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R8Sscaled,           Format.R8Sscaled           },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R16Uscaled,          Format.R16Uscaled          },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R16Sscaled,          Format.R16Sscaled          },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R32Uscaled,          Format.R32Uscaled          },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R32Sscaled,          Format.R32Sscaled          },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R8G8Uscaled,         Format.R8G8Uscaled         },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R8G8Sscaled,         Format.R8G8Sscaled         },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R16G16Uscaled,       Format.R16G16Uscaled       },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R16G16Sscaled,       Format.R16G16Sscaled       },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R32G32Uscaled,       Format.R32G32Uscaled       },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R32G32Sscaled,       Format.R32G32Sscaled       },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R8G8B8Uscaled,       Format.R8G8B8Uscaled       },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R8G8B8Sscaled,       Format.R8G8B8Sscaled       },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R16G16B16Uscaled,    Format.R16G16B16Uscaled    },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R16G16B16Sscaled,    Format.R16G16B16Sscaled    },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R32G32B32Uscaled,    Format.R32G32B32Uscaled    },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R32G32B32Sscaled,    Format.R32G32B32Sscaled    },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R8G8B8A8Uscaled,     Format.R8G8B8A8Uscaled     },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R8G8B8A8Sscaled,     Format.R8G8B8A8Sscaled     },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R16G16B16A16Uscaled, Format.R16G16B16A16Uscaled },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R16G16B16A16Sscaled, Format.R16G16B16A16Sscaled },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R32G32B32A32Uscaled, Format.R32G32B32A32Uscaled },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.R32G32B32A32Sscaled, Format.R32G32B32A32Sscaled },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.A2B10G10R10Snorm,    Format.R10G10B10A2Snorm    },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.A2B10G10R10Sint,     Format.R10G10B10A2Sint     },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.A2B10G10R10Uscaled,  Format.R10G10B10A2Uscaled  },
+            { VertexAttributeFormat.A2B10G10R10Sscaled,  Format.R10G10B10A2Sscaled  }
         };
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -210,7 +557,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         {
             encoded |= (isSrgb ? 1u << 19 : 0u);
 
-            return _textureFormats.TryGetValue(encoded, out format);
+            return _textureFormats.TryGetValue((TextureFormat)encoded, out format);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -221,7 +568,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <returns>True if the format is valid, false otherwise</returns>
         public static bool TryGetAttribFormat(uint encoded, out Format format)
         {
-            return _attribFormats.TryGetValue(encoded, out format);
+            return _attribFormats.TryGetValue((VertexAttributeFormat)encoded, out format);
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/DiskCache/DiskCacheHostStorage.cs

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
         private const ushort FileFormatVersionMajor = 1;
         private const ushort FileFormatVersionMinor = 2;
         private const uint FileFormatVersionPacked = ((uint)FileFormatVersionMajor << 16) | FileFormatVersionMinor;
-        private const uint CodeGenVersion = 3525;
+        private const uint CodeGenVersion = 3672;
 
         private const string SharedTocFileName = "shared.toc";
         private const string SharedDataFileName = "shared.data";

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Translation/Optimizations/ConstantFolding.cs

@@ -153,6 +153,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Optimizations
                     EvaluateFPUnary(operation, (x) => float.IsNaN(x));
                     break;
 
+                case Instruction.LoadConstant:
+                    operation.TurnIntoCopy(Cbuf(operation.GetSource(0).Value, operation.GetSource(1).Value));
+                    break;
+
                 case Instruction.Maximum:
                     EvaluateBinary(operation, (x, y) => Math.Max(x, y));
                     break;

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/BufferHolder.cs

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         private readonly Auto<MemoryAllocation> _allocationAuto;
         private readonly ulong _bufferHandle;
 
-        private CacheByRange<BufferHolder> _cachedConvertedIndexBuffers;
+        private CacheByRange<BufferHolder> _cachedConvertedBuffers;
 
         public int Size { get; }
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         {
             if (isWrite)
             {
-                _cachedConvertedIndexBuffers.Clear();
+                _cachedConvertedBuffers.Clear();
             }
 
             return _buffer;
@@ -364,13 +364,35 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
         public Auto<DisposableBuffer> GetBufferI8ToI16(CommandBufferScoped cbs, int offset, int size)
         {
-            if (!_cachedConvertedIndexBuffers.TryGetValue(offset, size, out var holder))
+            var key = new I8ToI16CacheKey();
+
+            if (!_cachedConvertedBuffers.TryGetValue(offset, size, key, out var holder))
             {
                 holder = _gd.BufferManager.Create(_gd, (size * 2 + 3) & ~3);
 
                 _gd.HelperShader.ConvertI8ToI16(_gd, cbs, this, holder, offset, size);
 
-                _cachedConvertedIndexBuffers.Add(offset, size, holder);
+                _cachedConvertedBuffers.Add(offset, size, key, holder);
+            }
+
+            return holder.GetBuffer();
+        }
+
+        public Auto<DisposableBuffer> GetAlignedVertexBuffer(CommandBufferScoped cbs, int offset, int size, int stride, int alignment)
+        {
+            var key = new AlignedVertexBufferCacheKey(_gd, stride, alignment);
+
+            if (!_cachedConvertedBuffers.TryGetValue(offset, size, key, out var holder))
+            {
+                int alignedStride = (stride + (alignment - 1)) & -alignment;
+
+                holder = _gd.BufferManager.Create(_gd, (size / stride) * alignedStride);
+
+                _gd.HelperShader.ChangeStride(_gd, cbs, this, holder, offset, size, stride, alignedStride);
+
+                key.SetBuffer(holder.GetBuffer());
+
+                _cachedConvertedBuffers.Add(offset, size, key, holder);
             }
 
             return holder.GetBuffer();
@@ -382,7 +404,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             _buffer.Dispose();
             _allocationAuto.Dispose();
-            _cachedConvertedIndexBuffers.Dispose();
+            _cachedConvertedBuffers.Dispose();
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/BufferManager.cs

@@ -130,6 +130,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             return null;
         }
 
+        public Auto<DisposableBuffer> GetAlignedVertexBuffer(CommandBufferScoped cbs, BufferHandle handle, int offset, int size, int stride, int alignment)
+        {
+            if (TryGetBuffer(handle, out var holder))
+            {
+                return holder.GetAlignedVertexBuffer(cbs, offset, size, stride, alignment);
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
         public Auto<DisposableBuffer> GetBuffer(CommandBuffer commandBuffer, BufferHandle handle, bool isWrite, out int size)
         {
             if (TryGetBuffer(handle, out var holder))

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/BufferState.cs

@@ -7,28 +7,28 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
     {
         public static BufferState Null => new BufferState(null, 0, 0);
 
-        private readonly Auto<DisposableBuffer> _buffer;
         private readonly int _offset;
         private readonly int _size;
-        private readonly ulong _stride;
         private readonly IndexType _type;
 
+        private readonly Auto<DisposableBuffer> _buffer;
+
         public BufferState(Auto<DisposableBuffer> buffer, int offset, int size, IndexType type)
         {
             _buffer = buffer;
+
             _offset = offset;
             _size = size;
-            _stride = 0;
             _type = type;
             buffer?.IncrementReferenceCount();
         }
 
-        public BufferState(Auto<DisposableBuffer> buffer, int offset, int size, ulong stride = 0UL)
+        public BufferState(Auto<DisposableBuffer> buffer, int offset, int size)
         {
             _buffer = buffer;
+
             _offset = offset;
             _size = size;
-            _stride = stride;
             _type = IndexType.Uint16;
             buffer?.IncrementReferenceCount();
         }
@@ -51,30 +51,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             }
         }
 
-        public void BindVertexBuffer(VulkanRenderer gd, CommandBufferScoped cbs, uint binding)
-        {
-            if (_buffer != null)
-            {
-                var buffer = _buffer.Get(cbs, _offset, _size).Value;
-
-                if (gd.Capabilities.SupportsExtendedDynamicState)
-                {
-                    gd.ExtendedDynamicStateApi.CmdBindVertexBuffers2(
-                        cbs.CommandBuffer,
-                        binding,
-                        1,
-                        buffer,
-                        (ulong)_offset,
-                        (ulong)_size,
-                        _stride);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    gd.Api.CmdBindVertexBuffers(cbs.CommandBuffer, binding, 1, buffer, (ulong)_offset);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
         public void Dispose()
         {
             _buffer?.DecrementReferenceCount();

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/CacheByRange.cs

@@ -3,29 +3,110 @@ using System.Collections.Generic;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 {
-    struct CacheByRange<T> where T : IDisposable
+    interface ICacheKey : IDisposable
     {
-        private Dictionary<ulong, T> _ranges;
+        bool KeyEqual(ICacheKey other);
+    }
 
-        public void Add(int offset, int size, T value)
+    struct I8ToI16CacheKey : ICacheKey
+    {
+        public I8ToI16CacheKey() { }
+
+        public bool KeyEqual(ICacheKey other)
         {
-            EnsureInitialized();
-            _ranges.Add(PackRange(offset, size),  value);
+            return other is I8ToI16CacheKey;
         }
 
-        public bool TryGetValue(int offset, int size, out T value)
+        public void Dispose() { }
+    }
+
+    struct AlignedVertexBufferCacheKey : ICacheKey
+    {
+        private readonly int _stride;
+        private readonly int _alignment;
+
+        // Used to notify the pipeline that bindings have invalidated on dispose.
+        private readonly VulkanRenderer _gd;
+        private Auto<DisposableBuffer> _buffer;
+
+        public AlignedVertexBufferCacheKey(VulkanRenderer gd, int stride, int alignment)
         {
-            EnsureInitialized();
-            return _ranges.TryGetValue(PackRange(offset, size), out value);
+            _gd = gd;
+            _stride = stride;
+            _alignment = alignment;
+            _buffer = null;
+        }
+
+        public bool KeyEqual(ICacheKey other)
+        {
+            return other is AlignedVertexBufferCacheKey entry &&
+                entry._stride == _stride &&
+                entry._alignment == _alignment;
+        }
+
+        public void SetBuffer(Auto<DisposableBuffer> buffer)
+        {
+            _buffer = buffer;
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            _gd.PipelineInternal.DirtyVertexBuffer(_buffer);
+        }
+    }
+
+    struct CacheByRange<T> where T : IDisposable
+    {
+        private struct Entry
+        {
+            public ICacheKey Key;
+            public T Value;
+
+            public Entry(ICacheKey key, T value)
+            {
+                Key = key;
+                Value = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private Dictionary<ulong, List<Entry>> _ranges;
+
+        public void Add(int offset, int size, ICacheKey key, T value)
+        {
+            List<Entry> entries = GetEntries(offset, size);
+
+            entries.Add(new Entry(key, value));
+        }
+
+        public bool TryGetValue(int offset, int size, ICacheKey key, out T value)
+        {
+            List<Entry> entries = GetEntries(offset, size);
+
+            foreach (Entry entry in entries)
+            {
+                if (entry.Key.KeyEqual(key))
+                {
+                    value = entry.Value;
+
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            value = default;
+            return false;
         }
 
         public void Clear()
         {
             if (_ranges != null)
             {
-                foreach (T value in _ranges.Values)
+                foreach (List<Entry> entries in _ranges.Values)
                 {
-                    value.Dispose();
+                    foreach (Entry entry in entries)
+                    {
+                        entry.Key.Dispose();
+                        entry.Value.Dispose();
+                    }
                 }
 
                 _ranges.Clear();
@@ -33,12 +114,23 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             }
         }
 
-        private void EnsureInitialized()
+        private List<Entry> GetEntries(int offset, int size)
         {
             if (_ranges == null)
             {
-                _ranges = new Dictionary<ulong, T>();
+                _ranges = new Dictionary<ulong, List<Entry>>();
             }
+
+            ulong key = PackRange(offset, size);
+
+            List<Entry> value;
+            if (!_ranges.TryGetValue(key, out value))
+            {
+                value = new List<Entry>();
+                _ranges.Add(key, value);
+            }
+
+            return value;
         }
 
         private static ulong PackRange(int offset, int size)

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/DescriptorSetUpdater.cs

@@ -185,6 +185,34 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             SignalDirty(DirtyFlags.Storage);
         }
 
+        public void SetStorageBuffers(CommandBuffer commandBuffer, int first, ReadOnlySpan<Auto<DisposableBuffer>> buffers)
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < buffers.Length; i++)
+            {
+                var vkBuffer = buffers[i];
+                int index = first + i;
+
+                ref Auto<DisposableBuffer> currentVkBuffer = ref _storageBufferRefs[index];
+
+                DescriptorBufferInfo info = new DescriptorBufferInfo()
+                {
+                    Offset = 0,
+                    Range = Vk.WholeSize
+                };
+                ref DescriptorBufferInfo currentInfo = ref _storageBuffers[index];
+
+                if (vkBuffer != currentVkBuffer || currentInfo.Offset != info.Offset || currentInfo.Range != info.Range)
+                {
+                    _storageSet[index] = false;
+
+                    currentInfo = info;
+                    currentVkBuffer = vkBuffer;
+                }
+            }
+
+            SignalDirty(DirtyFlags.Storage);
+        }
+
         public void SetTextureAndSampler(CommandBufferScoped cbs, ShaderStage stage, int binding, ITexture texture, ISampler sampler)
         {
             if (texture == null)
@@ -388,7 +416,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                         }
 
                         ReadOnlySpan<DescriptorBufferInfo> storageBuffers = _storageBuffers;
-                        dsc.UpdateStorageBuffers(0, binding, storageBuffers.Slice(binding, count));
+                        if (program.HasMinimalLayout)
+                        {
+                            dsc.UpdateBuffers(0, binding, storageBuffers.Slice(binding, count), DescriptorType.StorageBuffer);
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            dsc.UpdateStorageBuffers(0, binding, storageBuffers.Slice(binding, count));
+                        }
                     }
                     else if (setIndex == PipelineBase.TextureSetIndex)
                     {

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/HardwareCapabilities.cs

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         public readonly bool SupportsFragmentShaderInterlock;
         public readonly bool SupportsGeometryShaderPassthrough;
         public readonly bool SupportsSubgroupSizeControl;
+        public readonly bool SupportsShaderInt8;
         public readonly bool SupportsConditionalRendering;
         public readonly bool SupportsExtendedDynamicState;
         public readonly bool SupportsMultiView;
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             bool supportsFragmentShaderInterlock,
             bool supportsGeometryShaderPassthrough,
             bool supportsSubgroupSizeControl,
+            bool supportsShaderInt8,
             bool supportsConditionalRendering,
             bool supportsExtendedDynamicState,
             bool supportsMultiView,
@@ -47,6 +49,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             SupportsFragmentShaderInterlock = supportsFragmentShaderInterlock;
             SupportsGeometryShaderPassthrough = supportsGeometryShaderPassthrough;
             SupportsSubgroupSizeControl = supportsSubgroupSizeControl;
+            SupportsShaderInt8 = supportsShaderInt8;
             SupportsConditionalRendering = supportsConditionalRendering;
             SupportsExtendedDynamicState = supportsExtendedDynamicState;
             SupportsMultiView = supportsMultiView;

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/HelperShader.cs

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         private readonly IProgram _programColorBlit;
         private readonly IProgram _programColorBlitClearAlpha;
         private readonly IProgram _programColorClear;
+        private readonly IProgram _programStrideChange;
 
         public HelperShader(VulkanRenderer gd, Device device)
         {
@@ -39,14 +40,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             _programColorBlit = gd.CreateProgramWithMinimalLayout(new[]
             {
-                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorBlitVertexShaderSource, vertexBindings, ShaderStage.Vertex, TargetLanguage.Glsl),
-                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorBlitFragmentShaderSource, fragmentBindings, ShaderStage.Fragment, TargetLanguage.Glsl),
+                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorBlitVertexShaderSource, vertexBindings, ShaderStage.Vertex, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
+                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorBlitFragmentShaderSource, fragmentBindings, ShaderStage.Fragment, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
             });
 
             _programColorBlitClearAlpha = gd.CreateProgramWithMinimalLayout(new[]
             {
-                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorBlitVertexShaderSource, vertexBindings, ShaderStage.Vertex, TargetLanguage.Glsl),
-                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorBlitClearAlphaFragmentShaderSource, fragmentBindings, ShaderStage.Fragment, TargetLanguage.Glsl),
+                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorBlitVertexShaderSource, vertexBindings, ShaderStage.Vertex, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
+                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorBlitClearAlphaFragmentShaderSource, fragmentBindings, ShaderStage.Fragment, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
             });
 
             var fragmentBindings2 = new ShaderBindings(
@@ -57,8 +58,19 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             _programColorClear = gd.CreateProgramWithMinimalLayout(new[]
             {
-                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorClearVertexShaderSource, vertexBindings, ShaderStage.Vertex, TargetLanguage.Glsl),
-                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorClearFragmentShaderSource, fragmentBindings2, ShaderStage.Fragment, TargetLanguage.Glsl),
+                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorClearVertexShaderSource, vertexBindings, ShaderStage.Vertex, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
+                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ColorClearFragmentShaderSource, fragmentBindings2, ShaderStage.Fragment, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
+            });
+
+            var strideChangeBindings = new ShaderBindings(
+                new[] { 0 },
+                new[] { 1, 2 },
+                Array.Empty<int>(),
+                Array.Empty<int>());
+
+            _programStrideChange = gd.CreateProgramWithMinimalLayout(new[]
+            {
+                new ShaderSource(ShaderBinaries.ChangeBufferStrideShaderSource, strideChangeBindings, ShaderStage.Compute, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
             });
         }
 
@@ -163,7 +175,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             _pipeline.SetViewports(viewports, false);
             _pipeline.SetPrimitiveTopology(GAL.PrimitiveTopology.TriangleStrip);
             _pipeline.Draw(4, 1, 0, 0);
-            _pipeline.Finish();
+            _pipeline.Finish(gd, cbs);
 
             gd.BufferManager.Delete(bufferHandle);
         }
@@ -291,45 +303,100 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
         public unsafe void ConvertI8ToI16(VulkanRenderer gd, CommandBufferScoped cbs, BufferHolder src, BufferHolder dst, int srcOffset, int size)
         {
-            // TODO: Do this with a compute shader?
-            var srcBuffer = src.GetBuffer().Get(cbs, srcOffset, size).Value;
-            var dstBuffer = dst.GetBuffer().Get(cbs, 0, size * 2).Value;
+            ChangeStride(gd, cbs, src, dst, srcOffset, size, 1, 2);
+        }
 
-            gd.Api.CmdFillBuffer(cbs.CommandBuffer, dstBuffer, 0, Vk.WholeSize, 0);
+        public unsafe void ChangeStride(VulkanRenderer gd, CommandBufferScoped cbs, BufferHolder src, BufferHolder dst, int srcOffset, int size, int stride, int newStride)
+        {
+            bool supportsUint8 = gd.Capabilities.SupportsShaderInt8;
 
-            var bufferCopy = new BufferCopy[size];
+            int elems = size / stride;
+            int newSize = elems * newStride;
 
-            for (ulong i = 0; i < (ulong)size; i++)
-            {
-                bufferCopy[i] = new BufferCopy((ulong)srcOffset + i, i * 2, 1);
-            }
+            var srcBufferAuto = src.GetBuffer();
+            var dstBufferAuto = dst.GetBuffer();
+
+            var srcBuffer = srcBufferAuto.Get(cbs, srcOffset, size).Value;
+            var dstBuffer = dstBufferAuto.Get(cbs, 0, newSize).Value;
+
+            var access = supportsUint8 ? AccessFlags.AccessShaderWriteBit : AccessFlags.AccessTransferWriteBit;
+            var stage = supportsUint8 ? PipelineStageFlags.PipelineStageComputeShaderBit : PipelineStageFlags.PipelineStageTransferBit;
 
             BufferHolder.InsertBufferBarrier(
                 gd,
                 cbs.CommandBuffer,
                 dstBuffer,
                 BufferHolder.DefaultAccessFlags,
-                AccessFlags.AccessTransferWriteBit,
+                access,
                 PipelineStageFlags.PipelineStageAllCommandsBit,
-                PipelineStageFlags.PipelineStageTransferBit,
+                stage,
                 0,
-                size * 2);
+                newSize);
 
-            fixed (BufferCopy* pBufferCopy = bufferCopy)
+            if (supportsUint8)
             {
-                gd.Api.CmdCopyBuffer(cbs.CommandBuffer, srcBuffer, dstBuffer, (uint)size, pBufferCopy);
+                const int ParamsBufferSize = 16;
+
+                Span<int> shaderParams = stackalloc int[ParamsBufferSize / sizeof(int)];
+
+                shaderParams[0] = stride;
+                shaderParams[1] = newStride;
+                shaderParams[2] = size;
+                shaderParams[3] = srcOffset;
+
+                var bufferHandle = gd.BufferManager.CreateWithHandle(gd, ParamsBufferSize, false);
+
+                gd.BufferManager.SetData<int>(bufferHandle, 0, shaderParams);
+
+                _pipeline.SetCommandBuffer(cbs);
+
+                Span<BufferRange> cbRanges = stackalloc BufferRange[1];
+
+                cbRanges[0] = new BufferRange(bufferHandle, 0, ParamsBufferSize);
+
+                _pipeline.SetUniformBuffers(0, cbRanges);
+
+                Span<Auto<DisposableBuffer>> sbRanges = new Auto<DisposableBuffer>[2];
+
+                sbRanges[0] = srcBufferAuto;
+                sbRanges[1] = dstBufferAuto;
+
+                _pipeline.SetStorageBuffers(1, sbRanges);
+
+                _pipeline.SetProgram(_programStrideChange);
+                _pipeline.DispatchCompute(1, 1, 1);
+
+                gd.BufferManager.Delete(bufferHandle);
+
+                _pipeline.Finish(gd, cbs);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                gd.Api.CmdFillBuffer(cbs.CommandBuffer, dstBuffer, 0, Vk.WholeSize, 0);
+
+                var bufferCopy = new BufferCopy[elems];
+
+                for (ulong i = 0; i < (ulong)elems; i++)
+                {
+                    bufferCopy[i] = new BufferCopy((ulong)srcOffset + i * (ulong)stride, i * (ulong)newStride, (ulong)stride);
+                }
+
+                fixed (BufferCopy* pBufferCopy = bufferCopy)
+                {
+                    gd.Api.CmdCopyBuffer(cbs.CommandBuffer, srcBuffer, dstBuffer, (uint)elems, pBufferCopy);
+                }
             }
 
             BufferHolder.InsertBufferBarrier(
                 gd,
                 cbs.CommandBuffer,
                 dstBuffer,
-                AccessFlags.AccessTransferWriteBit,
+                access,
                 BufferHolder.DefaultAccessFlags,
-                PipelineStageFlags.PipelineStageTransferBit,
+                stage,
                 PipelineStageFlags.PipelineStageAllCommandsBit,
                 0,
-                size * 2);
+                newSize);
         }
 
         protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/PipelineBase.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
 using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
 using System;
+using System.Numerics;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 {
@@ -50,14 +51,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
         private BufferState _indexBuffer;
         private readonly BufferState[] _transformFeedbackBuffers;
-        private readonly BufferState[] _vertexBuffers;
+        private readonly VertexBufferState[] _vertexBuffers;
+        private ulong _vertexBuffersDirty;
         protected Rectangle<int> ClearScissor;
 
         public SupportBufferUpdater SupportBufferUpdater;
 
         private bool _needsIndexBufferRebind;
         private bool _needsTransformFeedbackBuffersRebind;
-        private bool _needsVertexBuffersRebind;
 
         private bool _tfEnabled;
         private bool _tfActive;
@@ -79,14 +80,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             _descriptorSetUpdater = new DescriptorSetUpdater(gd, this);
 
             _transformFeedbackBuffers = new BufferState[Constants.MaxTransformFeedbackBuffers];
-            _vertexBuffers = new BufferState[Constants.MaxVertexBuffers + 1];
+            _vertexBuffers = new VertexBufferState[Constants.MaxVertexBuffers + 1];
 
             const int EmptyVbSize = 16;
 
             using var emptyVb = gd.BufferManager.Create(gd, EmptyVbSize);
             emptyVb.SetData(0, new byte[EmptyVbSize]);
-            _vertexBuffers[0] = new BufferState(emptyVb.GetBuffer(), 0, EmptyVbSize, 0UL);
-            _needsVertexBuffersRebind = true;
+            _vertexBuffers[0] = new VertexBufferState(emptyVb.GetBuffer(), 0, EmptyVbSize, 0);
+            _vertexBuffersDirty = ulong.MaxValue >> (64 - _vertexBuffers.Length);
 
             ClearScissor = new Rectangle<int>(0, 0, 0xffff, 0xffff);
 
@@ -229,6 +230,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             BufferHolder.Copy(Gd, Cbs, src, dst, srcOffset, dstOffset, size);
         }
 
+        public void DirtyVertexBuffer(Auto<DisposableBuffer> buffer)
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < _vertexBuffers.Length; i++)
+            {
+                if (_vertexBuffers[i].BoundEquals(buffer))
+                {
+                    _vertexBuffersDirty |= 1UL << i;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         public void DispatchCompute(int groupsX, int groupsY, int groupsZ)
         {
             if (!_program.IsLinked)
@@ -345,6 +357,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             _tfEnabled = false;
         }
 
+        public bool IsCommandBufferActive(CommandBuffer cb)
+        {
+            return CommandBuffer.Handle == cb.Handle;
+        }
+
         public void MultiDrawIndirectCount(BufferRange indirectBuffer, BufferRange parameterBuffer, int maxDrawCount, int stride)
         {
             if (!Gd.Capabilities.SupportsIndirectParameters)
@@ -689,6 +706,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             _descriptorSetUpdater.SetStorageBuffers(CommandBuffer, first, buffers);
         }
 
+        public void SetStorageBuffers(int first, ReadOnlySpan<Auto<DisposableBuffer>> buffers)
+        {
+            _descriptorSetUpdater.SetStorageBuffers(CommandBuffer, first, buffers);
+        }
+
         public void SetTextureAndSampler(ShaderStage stage, int binding, ITexture texture, ISampler sampler)
         {
             _descriptorSetUpdater.SetTextureAndSampler(Cbs, stage, binding, texture, sampler);
@@ -732,12 +754,22 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         {
             var formatCapabilities = Gd.FormatCapabilities;
 
+            Span<int> newVbScalarSizes = stackalloc int[Constants.MaxVertexBuffers];
+
             int count = Math.Min(Constants.MaxVertexAttributes, vertexAttribs.Length);
+            uint dirtyVbSizes = 0;
 
             for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
             {
                 var attribute = vertexAttribs[i];
-                var bufferIndex = attribute.IsZero ? 0 : attribute.BufferIndex + 1;
+                var rawIndex = attribute.BufferIndex;
+                var bufferIndex = attribute.IsZero ? 0 : rawIndex + 1;
+
+                if (!attribute.IsZero)
+                {
+                    newVbScalarSizes[rawIndex] = Math.Max(newVbScalarSizes[rawIndex], attribute.Format.GetScalarSize());
+                    dirtyVbSizes |= 1u << rawIndex;
+                }
 
                 _newState.Internal.VertexAttributeDescriptions[i] = new VertexInputAttributeDescription(
                     (uint)i,
@@ -746,6 +778,21 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                     (uint)attribute.Offset);
             }
 
+            while (dirtyVbSizes != 0)
+            {
+                int dirtyBit = BitOperations.TrailingZeroCount(dirtyVbSizes);
+
+                ref var buffer = ref _vertexBuffers[dirtyBit + 1];
+
+                if (buffer.AttributeScalarAlignment != newVbScalarSizes[dirtyBit])
+                {
+                    _vertexBuffersDirty |= 1UL << (dirtyBit + 1);
+                    buffer.AttributeScalarAlignment = newVbScalarSizes[dirtyBit];
+                }
+
+                dirtyVbSizes &= ~(1u << dirtyBit);
+            }
+
             _newState.VertexAttributeDescriptionsCount = (uint)count;
             SignalStateChange();
         }
@@ -792,14 +839,37 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                             }
                         }
 
-                        _vertexBuffers[binding].Dispose();
-                        _vertexBuffers[binding] = new BufferState(
-                            vb,
-                            vertexBuffer.Buffer.Offset,
-                            vbSize,
-                            (ulong)vertexBuffer.Stride);
+                        ref var buffer = ref _vertexBuffers[binding];
+                        int oldScalarAlign = buffer.AttributeScalarAlignment;
 
-                        _vertexBuffers[binding].BindVertexBuffer(Gd, Cbs, (uint)binding);
+                        buffer.Dispose();
+
+                        if ((vertexBuffer.Stride % FormatExtensions.MaxBufferFormatScalarSize) == 0)
+                        {
+                            buffer = new VertexBufferState(
+                                vb,
+                                descriptorIndex,
+                                vertexBuffer.Buffer.Offset,
+                                vbSize,
+                                vertexBuffer.Stride);
+
+                            buffer.BindVertexBuffer(Gd, Cbs, (uint)binding, ref _newState);
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            // May need to be rewritten. Bind this buffer before draw.
+
+                            buffer = new VertexBufferState(
+                                vertexBuffer.Buffer.Handle,
+                                descriptorIndex,
+                                vertexBuffer.Buffer.Offset,
+                                vbSize,
+                                vertexBuffer.Stride);
+
+                            _vertexBuffersDirty |= 1UL << binding;
+                        }
+
+                        buffer.AttributeScalarAlignment = oldScalarAlign;
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -907,7 +977,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         {
             _needsIndexBufferRebind = true;
             _needsTransformFeedbackBuffersRebind = true;
-            _needsVertexBuffersRebind = true;
+            _vertexBuffersDirty = ulong.MaxValue >> (64 - _vertexBuffers.Length);
 
             _descriptorSetUpdater.SignalCommandBufferChange();
             _dynamicState.ForceAllDirty();
@@ -1053,13 +1123,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             // Commit changes to the support buffer before drawing.
             SupportBufferUpdater.Commit();
 
-            if (_stateDirty || Pbp != pbp)
-            {
-                CreatePipeline(pbp);
-                _stateDirty = false;
-                Pbp = pbp;
-            }
-
             if (_needsIndexBufferRebind)
             {
                 _indexBuffer.BindIndexBuffer(Gd.Api, Cbs);
@@ -1078,14 +1141,23 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 _needsTransformFeedbackBuffersRebind = false;
             }
 
-            if (_needsVertexBuffersRebind)
+            if (_vertexBuffersDirty != 0)
             {
-                for (int i = 0; i < Constants.MaxVertexBuffers + 1; i++)
+                while (_vertexBuffersDirty != 0)
                 {
-                    _vertexBuffers[i].BindVertexBuffer(Gd, Cbs, (uint)i);
-                }
+                    int i = BitOperations.TrailingZeroCount(_vertexBuffersDirty);
 
-                _needsVertexBuffersRebind = false;
+                    _vertexBuffers[i].BindVertexBuffer(Gd, Cbs, (uint)i, ref _newState);
+
+                    _vertexBuffersDirty &= ~(1u << i);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (_stateDirty || Pbp != pbp)
+            {
+                CreatePipeline(pbp);
+                _stateDirty = false;
+                Pbp = pbp;
             }
 
             _descriptorSetUpdater.UpdateAndBindDescriptorSets(Cbs, pbp);

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/PipelineConverter.cs

@@ -202,6 +202,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             pipeline.Topology = state.Topology.Convert();
 
             int vaCount = Math.Min(Constants.MaxVertexAttributes, state.VertexAttribCount);
+            int vbCount = Math.Min(Constants.MaxVertexBuffers, state.VertexBufferCount);
+
+            Span<int> vbScalarSizes = stackalloc int[vbCount];
 
             for (int i = 0; i < vaCount; i++)
             {
@@ -213,13 +216,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                     (uint)bufferIndex,
                     gd.FormatCapabilities.ConvertToVertexVkFormat(attribute.Format),
                     (uint)attribute.Offset);
+
+                if (!attribute.IsZero && bufferIndex < vbCount)
+                {
+                    vbScalarSizes[bufferIndex - 1] = Math.Max(attribute.Format.GetScalarSize(), vbScalarSizes[bufferIndex - 1]);
+                }
             }
 
             int descriptorIndex = 1;
             pipeline.Internal.VertexBindingDescriptions[0] = new VertexInputBindingDescription(0, 0, VertexInputRate.Vertex);
 
-            int vbCount = Math.Min(Constants.MaxVertexBuffers, state.VertexBufferCount);
-
             for (int i = 0; i < vbCount; i++)
             {
                 var vertexBuffer = state.VertexBuffers[i];
@@ -228,10 +234,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 {
                     var inputRate = vertexBuffer.Divisor != 0 ? VertexInputRate.Instance : VertexInputRate.Vertex;
 
+                    int alignedStride = vertexBuffer.Stride;
+
+                    if (gd.NeedsVertexBufferAlignment(vbScalarSizes[i], out int alignment))
+                    {
+                        alignedStride = (vertexBuffer.Stride + (alignment - 1)) & -alignment;
+                    }
+
                     // TODO: Support divisor > 1
                     pipeline.Internal.VertexBindingDescriptions[descriptorIndex++] = new VertexInputBindingDescription(
                         (uint)i + 1,
-                        (uint)vertexBuffer.Stride,
+                        (uint)alignedStride,
                         inputRate);
                 }
             }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/PipelineFull.cs

@@ -199,6 +199,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             }
         }
 
+        public void Restore()
+        {
+            if (Pipeline != null)
+            {
+                Gd.Api.CmdBindPipeline(CommandBuffer, Pbp, Pipeline.Get(Cbs).Value);
+            }
+
+            SignalCommandBufferChange();
+        }
+
         public void FlushCommandsImpl()
         {
             EndRenderPass();
@@ -220,18 +230,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             // Restore per-command buffer state.
 
-            if (Pipeline != null)
-            {
-                Gd.Api.CmdBindPipeline(CommandBuffer, Pbp, Pipeline.Get(Cbs).Value);
-            }
-
             foreach (var queryPool in _activeQueries)
             {
                 Gd.Api.CmdResetQueryPool(CommandBuffer, queryPool, 0, 1);
                 Gd.Api.CmdBeginQuery(CommandBuffer, queryPool, 0, 0);
             }
 
-            SignalCommandBufferChange();
+            Restore();
         }
 
         public void BeginQuery(BufferedQuery query, QueryPool pool, bool needsReset)

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/PipelineHelperShader.cs

@@ -40,5 +40,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         {
             EndRenderPass();
         }
+
+        public void Finish(VulkanRenderer gd, CommandBufferScoped cbs)
+        {
+            Finish();
+
+            if (gd.PipelineInternal.IsCommandBufferActive(cbs.CommandBuffer))
+            {
+                gd.PipelineInternal.Restore();
+            }
+        }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/PipelineLayoutFactory.cs

@@ -142,18 +142,20 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             int stagesCount = shaders.Length;
 
             int uCount = 0;
+            int sCount = 0;
             int tCount = 0;
             int iCount = 0;
 
             foreach (var shader in shaders)
             {
                 uCount += shader.Bindings.UniformBufferBindings.Count;
+                sCount += shader.Bindings.StorageBufferBindings.Count;
                 tCount += shader.Bindings.TextureBindings.Count;
                 iCount += shader.Bindings.ImageBindings.Count;
             }
 
             DescriptorSetLayoutBinding* uLayoutBindings = stackalloc DescriptorSetLayoutBinding[uCount];
-            DescriptorSetLayoutBinding* sLayoutBindings = stackalloc DescriptorSetLayoutBinding[stagesCount];
+            DescriptorSetLayoutBinding* sLayoutBindings = stackalloc DescriptorSetLayoutBinding[sCount];
             DescriptorSetLayoutBinding* tLayoutBindings = stackalloc DescriptorSetLayoutBinding[tCount];
             DescriptorSetLayoutBinding* iLayoutBindings = stackalloc DescriptorSetLayoutBinding[iCount];
 
@@ -180,22 +182,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                     }
                 }
 
-                void SetStorage(DescriptorSetLayoutBinding* bindings, ref int start, int count)
-                {
-                    bindings[start++] = new DescriptorSetLayoutBinding
-                    {
-                        Binding = (uint)start,
-                        DescriptorType = DescriptorType.StorageBuffer,
-                        DescriptorCount = (uint)count,
-                        StageFlags = stageFlags
-                    };
-                }
-
                 // TODO: Support buffer textures and images here.
                 // This is only used for the helper shaders on the backend, and we don't use buffer textures on them
                 // so far, so it's not really necessary right now.
                 Set(uLayoutBindings, DescriptorType.UniformBuffer, ref uIndex, shader.Bindings.UniformBufferBindings);
-                SetStorage(sLayoutBindings, ref sIndex, shader.Bindings.StorageBufferBindings.Count);
+                Set(sLayoutBindings, DescriptorType.StorageBuffer, ref sIndex, shader.Bindings.StorageBufferBindings);
                 Set(tLayoutBindings, DescriptorType.CombinedImageSampler, ref tIndex, shader.Bindings.TextureBindings);
                 Set(iLayoutBindings, DescriptorType.StorageImage, ref iIndex, shader.Bindings.ImageBindings);
             }
@@ -213,7 +204,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             {
                 SType = StructureType.DescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo,
                 PBindings = sLayoutBindings,
-                BindingCount = (uint)stagesCount
+                BindingCount = (uint)sCount
             };
 
             var tDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo = new DescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo()

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/Shaders/ChangeBufferStrideShaderSource.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#version 450 core
+
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage : require
+
+layout (local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (std140, set = 0, binding = 0) uniform stride_arguments
+{
+    ivec4 stride_arguments_data;
+};
+
+layout (std430, set = 1, binding = 1) buffer in_s
+{
+    uint8_t[] in_data;
+};
+
+layout (std430, set = 1, binding = 2) buffer out_s
+{
+    uint8_t[] out_data;
+};
+
+void main()
+{
+    // Determine what slice of the stride copies this invocation will perform.
+
+    int sourceStride = stride_arguments_data.x;
+    int targetStride = stride_arguments_data.y;
+    int bufferSize = stride_arguments_data.z;
+    int sourceOffset = stride_arguments_data.w;
+
+    int strideRemainder = targetStride - sourceStride;
+    int invocations = int(gl_WorkGroupSize.x);
+
+    int copiesRequired = bufferSize / sourceStride;
+
+    // Find the copies that this invocation should perform.
+    
+    // - Copies that all invocations perform.
+    int allInvocationCopies = copiesRequired / invocations;
+
+    // - Extra remainder copy that this invocation performs.
+    int index = int(gl_LocalInvocationID.x);
+    int extra = (index < (copiesRequired % invocations)) ? 1 : 0;
+
+    int copyCount = allInvocationCopies + extra;
+
+    // Finally, get the starting offset. Make sure to count extra copies.
+
+    int startCopy = allInvocationCopies * index + min(copiesRequired % invocations, index);
+
+    int srcOffset = sourceOffset + startCopy * sourceStride;
+    int dstOffset = startCopy * targetStride;
+
+    // Perform the copies for this region
+    for (int i=0; i<copyCount; i++) {
+        for (int j=0; j<sourceStride; j++) {
+            out_data[dstOffset++] = in_data[srcOffset++];
+        }
+
+        for (int j=0; j<strideRemainder; j++) {
+            out_data[dstOffset++] = uint8_t(0);
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/Shaders/ShaderBinaries.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,249 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.Shaders
 {
     static class ShaderBinaries
     {
+        public static readonly byte[] ChangeBufferStrideShaderSource = new byte[]
+        {
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+            0x86, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x41, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x75, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x87, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x84, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x3E, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x87, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x86, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF9, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00,
+            0x7F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x7F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3D, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+            0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00,
+            0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x89, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x3E, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x7B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x89, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF9, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00,
+            0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x7E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF9, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00,
+            0x5A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x5A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3D, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+            0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x8A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x56, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00,
+            0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x8B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x8A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x3E, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x56, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x8B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF9, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00,
+            0x57, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x59, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFD, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00,
+            0x38, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00
+        };
+
         public static readonly byte[] ColorBlitClearAlphaFragmentShaderSource = new byte[]
         {
             0x03, 0x02, 0x23, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x1B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/VertexBufferState.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+using BufferHandle = Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.BufferHandle;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
+{
+    internal struct VertexBufferState
+    {
+        public static VertexBufferState Null => new VertexBufferState(null, 0, 0, 0);
+
+        private readonly int _offset;
+        private readonly int _size;
+        private readonly int _stride;
+
+        private readonly BufferHandle _handle;
+        private Auto<DisposableBuffer> _buffer;
+
+        internal readonly int DescriptorIndex;
+        internal int AttributeScalarAlignment;
+
+        public VertexBufferState(Auto<DisposableBuffer> buffer, int descriptorIndex, int offset, int size, int stride = 0)
+        {
+            _buffer = buffer;
+            _handle = BufferHandle.Null;
+
+            _offset = offset;
+            _size = size;
+            _stride = stride;
+
+            DescriptorIndex = descriptorIndex;
+            AttributeScalarAlignment = 1;
+
+            buffer?.IncrementReferenceCount();
+        }
+
+        public VertexBufferState(BufferHandle handle, int descriptorIndex, int offset, int size, int stride = 0)
+        {
+            // This buffer state may be rewritten at bind time, so it must be retrieved on bind.
+
+            _buffer = null;
+            _handle = handle;
+
+            _offset = offset;
+            _size = size;
+            _stride = stride;
+
+            DescriptorIndex = descriptorIndex;
+            AttributeScalarAlignment = 1;
+        }
+
+        public void BindVertexBuffer(VulkanRenderer gd, CommandBufferScoped cbs, uint binding, ref PipelineState state)
+        {
+            var autoBuffer = _buffer;
+
+            if (_handle != BufferHandle.Null)
+            {
+                // May need to restride the vertex buffer.
+
+                if (gd.NeedsVertexBufferAlignment(AttributeScalarAlignment, out int alignment) && (_stride % alignment) != 0)
+                {
+                    autoBuffer = gd.BufferManager.GetAlignedVertexBuffer(cbs, _handle, _offset, _size, _stride, alignment);
+                    int stride = (_stride + (alignment - 1)) & -alignment;
+
+                    var buffer = autoBuffer.Get(cbs, _offset, _size).Value;
+
+                    if (gd.Capabilities.SupportsExtendedDynamicState)
+                    {
+                        gd.ExtendedDynamicStateApi.CmdBindVertexBuffers2(
+                            cbs.CommandBuffer,
+                            binding,
+                            1,
+                            buffer,
+                            0,
+                            (ulong)(_size / _stride) * (ulong)stride,
+                            (ulong)stride);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        gd.Api.CmdBindVertexBuffers(cbs.CommandBuffer, binding, 1, buffer, 0);
+                    }
+
+                    _buffer = autoBuffer;
+                    state.Internal.VertexBindingDescriptions[DescriptorIndex].Stride = (uint)stride;
+
+                    return;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    autoBuffer = gd.BufferManager.GetBuffer(cbs.CommandBuffer, _handle, false, out int _);
+
+                    // The original stride must be reapplied in case it was rewritten.
+                    state.Internal.VertexBindingDescriptions[DescriptorIndex].Stride = (uint)_stride;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (autoBuffer != null)
+            {
+                var buffer = autoBuffer.Get(cbs, _offset, _size).Value;
+
+                if (gd.Capabilities.SupportsExtendedDynamicState)
+                {
+                    gd.ExtendedDynamicStateApi.CmdBindVertexBuffers2(
+                        cbs.CommandBuffer,
+                        binding,
+                        1,
+                        buffer,
+                        (ulong)_offset,
+                        (ulong)_size,
+                        (ulong)_stride);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    gd.Api.CmdBindVertexBuffers(cbs.CommandBuffer, binding, 1, buffer, (ulong)_offset);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public bool BoundEquals(Auto<DisposableBuffer> buffer)
+        {
+            return _buffer == buffer;
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            // Only dispose if this buffer is not refetched on each bind.
+
+            if (_handle == BufferHandle.Null)
+            {
+                _buffer?.DecrementReferenceCount();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/VulkanInitialization.cs

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             "VK_EXT_fragment_shader_interlock",
             "VK_EXT_index_type_uint8",
             "VK_EXT_robustness2",
+            "VK_KHR_shader_float16_int8",
             "VK_EXT_shader_subgroup_ballot",
             "VK_EXT_subgroup_size_control",
             "VK_NV_geometry_shader_passthrough"

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/VulkanRenderer.cs

@@ -188,11 +188,22 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 SType = StructureType.PhysicalDeviceRobustness2FeaturesExt
             };
 
+            PhysicalDeviceShaderFloat16Int8FeaturesKHR featuresShaderInt8 = new PhysicalDeviceShaderFloat16Int8FeaturesKHR()
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.PhysicalDeviceShaderFloat16Int8Features
+            };
+
             if (supportedExtensions.Contains("VK_EXT_robustness2"))
             {
                 features2.PNext = &featuresRobustness2;
             }
 
+            if (supportedExtensions.Contains("VK_KHR_shader_float16_int8"))
+            {
+                featuresShaderInt8.PNext = features2.PNext;
+                features2.PNext = &featuresShaderInt8;
+            }
+
             Api.GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2(_physicalDevice, &features2);
 
             Capabilities = new HardwareCapabilities(
@@ -202,6 +213,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 supportedExtensions.Contains("VK_EXT_fragment_shader_interlock"),
                 supportedExtensions.Contains("VK_NV_geometry_shader_passthrough"),
                 supportedExtensions.Contains("VK_EXT_subgroup_size_control"),
+                featuresShaderInt8.ShaderInt8,
                 supportedExtensions.Contains(ExtConditionalRendering.ExtensionName),
                 supportedExtensions.Contains(ExtExtendedDynamicState.ExtensionName),
                 features2.Features.MultiViewport,
@@ -506,6 +518,24 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             PrintGpuInformation();
         }
 
+        public bool NeedsVertexBufferAlignment(int attrScalarAlignment, out int alignment)
+        {
+            if (Vendor != Vendor.Nvidia)
+            {
+                // Vulkan requires that vertex attributes are globally aligned by their component size,
+                // so buffer strides that don't divide by the largest scalar element are invalid.
+                // Guest applications do this, NVIDIA GPUs are OK with it, others are not.
+
+                alignment = attrScalarAlignment;
+
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            alignment = 1;
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
         public void PreFrame()
         {
             _syncManager.Cleanup();

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/Memory/KMemoryBlock.cs

@@ -1,42 +1,43 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Collections;
 using System;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
 {
-    class KMemoryBlock
+    class KMemoryBlock : IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode<KMemoryBlock>, IComparable<KMemoryBlock>, IComparable<ulong>
     {
         public ulong BaseAddress { get; private set; }
-        public ulong PagesCount  { get; private set; }
+        public ulong PagesCount { get; private set; }
 
-        public MemoryState      State            { get; private set; }
-        public KMemoryPermission Permission       { get; private set; }
-        public MemoryAttribute  Attribute        { get; private set; }
+        public MemoryState State { get; private set; }
+        public KMemoryPermission Permission { get; private set; }
+        public MemoryAttribute Attribute { get; private set; }
         public KMemoryPermission SourcePermission { get; private set; }
 
-        public int IpcRefCount    { get; private set; }
+        public int IpcRefCount { get; private set; }
         public int DeviceRefCount { get; private set; }
 
         public KMemoryBlock(
-            ulong            baseAddress,
-            ulong            pagesCount,
-            MemoryState      state,
+            ulong baseAddress,
+            ulong pagesCount,
+            MemoryState state,
             KMemoryPermission permission,
-            MemoryAttribute  attribute,
-            int              ipcRefCount    = 0,
-            int              deviceRefCount = 0)
+            MemoryAttribute attribute,
+            int ipcRefCount = 0,
+            int deviceRefCount = 0)
         {
-            BaseAddress    = baseAddress;
-            PagesCount     = pagesCount;
-            State          = state;
-            Attribute      = attribute;
-            Permission     = permission;
-            IpcRefCount    = ipcRefCount;
+            BaseAddress = baseAddress;
+            PagesCount = pagesCount;
+            State = state;
+            Attribute = attribute;
+            Permission = permission;
+            IpcRefCount = ipcRefCount;
             DeviceRefCount = deviceRefCount;
         }
 
         public void SetState(KMemoryPermission permission, MemoryState state, MemoryAttribute attribute)
         {
             Permission = permission;
-            State      = state;
+            State = state;
             Attribute &= MemoryAttribute.IpcAndDeviceMapped;
             Attribute |= attribute;
         }
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
                 SourcePermission = Permission;
 
                 Permission &= ~KMemoryPermission.ReadAndWrite;
-                Permission |=  KMemoryPermission.ReadAndWrite & newPermission;
+                Permission |= KMemoryPermission.ReadAndWrite & newPermission;
             }
 
             Attribute |= MemoryAttribute.IpcMapped;
@@ -119,5 +120,37 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
                 IpcRefCount,
                 DeviceRefCount);
         }
+
+        public int CompareTo(KMemoryBlock other)
+        {
+            if (BaseAddress < other.BaseAddress)
+            {
+                return -1;
+            }
+            else if (BaseAddress <= other.BaseAddress + other.PagesCount * KPageTableBase.PageSize - 1UL)
+            {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public int CompareTo(ulong address)
+        {
+            if (address < BaseAddress)
+            {
+                return 1;
+            }
+            else if (address <= BaseAddress + PagesCount * KPageTableBase.PageSize - 1UL)
+            {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/Memory/KMemoryBlockManager.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Common;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Collections;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Common;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
@@ -8,26 +8,27 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
     {
         private const int PageSize = KPageTableBase.PageSize;
 
-        private readonly LinkedList<KMemoryBlock> _blocks;
+        private readonly IntrusiveRedBlackTree<KMemoryBlock> _blockTree;
 
-        public int BlocksCount => _blocks.Count;
+        public int BlocksCount => _blockTree.Count;
 
         private KMemoryBlockSlabManager _slabManager;
 
+        private ulong _addrSpaceStart;
         private ulong _addrSpaceEnd;
 
         public KMemoryBlockManager()
         {
-            _blocks = new LinkedList<KMemoryBlock>();
+            _blockTree = new IntrusiveRedBlackTree<KMemoryBlock>();
         }
 
         public KernelResult Initialize(ulong addrSpaceStart, ulong addrSpaceEnd, KMemoryBlockSlabManager slabManager)
         {
             _slabManager = slabManager;
+            _addrSpaceStart = addrSpaceStart;
             _addrSpaceEnd = addrSpaceEnd;
 
-            // First insertion will always need only a single block,
-            // because there's nothing else to split.
+            // First insertion will always need only a single block, because there's nothing to split.
             if (!slabManager.CanAllocate(1))
             {
                 return KernelResult.OutOfResource;
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
 
             ulong addrSpacePagesCount = (addrSpaceEnd - addrSpaceStart) / PageSize;
 
-            _blocks.AddFirst(new KMemoryBlock(
+            _blockTree.Add(new KMemoryBlock(
                 addrSpaceStart,
                 addrSpacePagesCount,
                 MemoryState.Unmapped,
@@ -58,20 +59,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
             // Insert new block on the list only on areas where the state
             // of the block matches the state specified on the old* state
             // arguments, otherwise leave it as is.
-            int oldCount = _blocks.Count;
+
+            int oldCount = _blockTree.Count;
 
             oldAttribute |= MemoryAttribute.IpcAndDeviceMapped;
 
             ulong endAddr = baseAddress + pagesCount * PageSize;
 
-            LinkedListNode<KMemoryBlock> node = _blocks.First;
+            KMemoryBlock currBlock = FindBlock(baseAddress);
 
-            while (node != null)
+            while (currBlock != null)
             {
-                LinkedListNode<KMemoryBlock> newNode = node;
-
-                KMemoryBlock currBlock = node.Value;
-
                 ulong currBaseAddr = currBlock.BaseAddress;
                 ulong currEndAddr = currBlock.PagesCount * PageSize + currBaseAddr;
 
@@ -83,24 +81,27 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
                         currBlock.Permission != oldPermission ||
                         currBlockAttr != oldAttribute)
                     {
-                        node = node.Next;
+                        currBlock = currBlock.Successor;
 
                         continue;
                     }
 
                     if (baseAddress > currBaseAddr)
                     {
-                        _blocks.AddBefore(node, currBlock.SplitRightAtAddress(baseAddress));
+                        KMemoryBlock newBlock = currBlock.SplitRightAtAddress(baseAddress);
+                        _blockTree.Add(newBlock);
                     }
 
                     if (endAddr < currEndAddr)
                     {
-                        newNode = _blocks.AddBefore(node, currBlock.SplitRightAtAddress(endAddr));
+                        KMemoryBlock newBlock = currBlock.SplitRightAtAddress(endAddr);
+                        _blockTree.Add(newBlock);
+                        currBlock = newBlock;
                     }
 
-                    newNode.Value.SetState(newPermission, newState, newAttribute);
+                    currBlock.SetState(newPermission, newState, newAttribute);
 
-                    newNode = MergeEqualStateNeighbors(newNode);
+                    currBlock = MergeEqualStateNeighbors(currBlock);
                 }
 
                 if (currEndAddr - 1 >= endAddr - 1)
@@ -108,10 +109,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
                     break;
                 }
 
-                node = newNode.Next;
+                currBlock = currBlock.Successor;
             }
 
-            _slabManager.Count += _blocks.Count - oldCount;
+            _slabManager.Count += _blockTree.Count - oldCount;
 
             ValidateInternalState();
         }
@@ -125,18 +126,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
         {
             // Inserts new block at the list, replacing and splitting
             // existing blocks as needed.
-            int oldCount = _blocks.Count;
+
+            int oldCount = _blockTree.Count;
 
             ulong endAddr = baseAddress + pagesCount * PageSize;
 
-            LinkedListNode<KMemoryBlock> node = _blocks.First;
+            KMemoryBlock currBlock = FindBlock(baseAddress);
 
-            while (node != null)
+            while (currBlock != null)
             {
-                LinkedListNode<KMemoryBlock> newNode = node;
-
-                KMemoryBlock currBlock = node.Value;
-
                 ulong currBaseAddr = currBlock.BaseAddress;
                 ulong currEndAddr = currBlock.PagesCount * PageSize + currBaseAddr;
 
@@ -144,17 +142,20 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
                 {
                     if (baseAddress > currBaseAddr)
                     {
-                        _blocks.AddBefore(node, currBlock.SplitRightAtAddress(baseAddress));
+                        KMemoryBlock newBlock = currBlock.SplitRightAtAddress(baseAddress);
+                        _blockTree.Add(newBlock);
                     }
 
                     if (endAddr < currEndAddr)
                     {
-                        newNode = _blocks.AddBefore(node, currBlock.SplitRightAtAddress(endAddr));
+                        KMemoryBlock newBlock = currBlock.SplitRightAtAddress(endAddr);
+                        _blockTree.Add(newBlock);
+                        currBlock = newBlock;
                     }
 
-                    newNode.Value.SetState(permission, state, attribute);
+                    currBlock.SetState(permission, state, attribute);
 
-                    newNode = MergeEqualStateNeighbors(newNode);
+                    currBlock = MergeEqualStateNeighbors(currBlock);
                 }
 
                 if (currEndAddr - 1 >= endAddr - 1)
@@ -162,10 +163,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
                     break;
                 }
 
-                node = newNode.Next;
+                currBlock = currBlock.Successor;
             }
 
-            _slabManager.Count += _blocks.Count - oldCount;
+            _slabManager.Count += _blockTree.Count - oldCount;
 
             ValidateInternalState();
         }
@@ -181,18 +182,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
             // Inserts new block at the list, replacing and splitting
             // existing blocks as needed, then calling the callback
             // function on the new block.
-            int oldCount = _blocks.Count;
+
+            int oldCount = _blockTree.Count;
 
             ulong endAddr = baseAddress + pagesCount * PageSize;
 
-            LinkedListNode<KMemoryBlock> node = _blocks.First;
+            KMemoryBlock currBlock = FindBlock(baseAddress);
 
-            while (node != null)
+            while (currBlock != null)
             {
-                LinkedListNode<KMemoryBlock> newNode = node;
-
-                KMemoryBlock currBlock = node.Value;
-
                 ulong currBaseAddr = currBlock.BaseAddress;
                 ulong currEndAddr = currBlock.PagesCount * PageSize + currBaseAddr;
 
@@ -200,19 +198,20 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
                 {
                     if (baseAddress > currBaseAddr)
                     {
-                        _blocks.AddBefore(node, currBlock.SplitRightAtAddress(baseAddress));
+                        KMemoryBlock newBlock = currBlock.SplitRightAtAddress(baseAddress);
+                        _blockTree.Add(newBlock);
                     }
 
                     if (endAddr < currEndAddr)
                     {
-                        newNode = _blocks.AddBefore(node, currBlock.SplitRightAtAddress(endAddr));
+                        KMemoryBlock newBlock = currBlock.SplitRightAtAddress(endAddr);
+                        _blockTree.Add(newBlock);
+                        currBlock = newBlock;
                     }
 
-                    KMemoryBlock newBlock = newNode.Value;
+                    blockMutate(currBlock, permission);
 
-                    blockMutate(newBlock, permission);
-
-                    newNode = MergeEqualStateNeighbors(newNode);
+                    currBlock = MergeEqualStateNeighbors(currBlock);
                 }
 
                 if (currEndAddr - 1 >= endAddr - 1)
@@ -220,10 +219,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
                     break;
                 }
 
-                node = newNode.Next;
+                currBlock = currBlock.Successor;
             }
 
-            _slabManager.Count += _blocks.Count - oldCount;
+            _slabManager.Count += _blockTree.Count - oldCount;
 
             ValidateInternalState();
         }
@@ -233,58 +232,42 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
         {
             ulong expectedAddress = 0;
 
-            LinkedListNode<KMemoryBlock> node = _blocks.First;
+            KMemoryBlock currBlock = FindBlock(_addrSpaceStart);
 
-            while (node != null)
+            while (currBlock != null)
             {
-                LinkedListNode<KMemoryBlock> newNode = node;
-
-                KMemoryBlock currBlock = node.Value;
-
                 Debug.Assert(currBlock.BaseAddress == expectedAddress);
 
                 expectedAddress = currBlock.BaseAddress + currBlock.PagesCount * PageSize;
 
-                node = newNode.Next;
+                currBlock = currBlock.Successor;
             }
 
             Debug.Assert(expectedAddress == _addrSpaceEnd);
         }
 
-        private LinkedListNode<KMemoryBlock> MergeEqualStateNeighbors(LinkedListNode<KMemoryBlock> node)
+        private KMemoryBlock MergeEqualStateNeighbors(KMemoryBlock block)
         {
-            KMemoryBlock block = node.Value;
+            KMemoryBlock previousBlock = block.Predecessor;
+            KMemoryBlock nextBlock = block.Successor;
 
-            if (node.Previous != null)
+            if (previousBlock != null && BlockStateEquals(block, previousBlock))
             {
-                KMemoryBlock previousBlock = node.Previous.Value;
+                _blockTree.Remove(block);
 
-                if (BlockStateEquals(block, previousBlock))
-                {
-                    LinkedListNode<KMemoryBlock> previousNode = node.Previous;
+                previousBlock.AddPages(block.PagesCount);
 
-                    _blocks.Remove(node);
-
-                    previousBlock.AddPages(block.PagesCount);
-
-                    node = previousNode;
-                    block = previousBlock;
-                }
+                block = previousBlock;
             }
 
-            if (node.Next != null)
+            if (nextBlock != null && BlockStateEquals(block, nextBlock))
             {
-                KMemoryBlock nextBlock = node.Next.Value;
+                _blockTree.Remove(nextBlock);
 
-                if (BlockStateEquals(block, nextBlock))
-                {
-                    _blocks.Remove(node.Next);
-
-                    block.AddPages(nextBlock.PagesCount);
-                }
+                block.AddPages(nextBlock.PagesCount);
             }
 
-            return node;
+            return block;
         }
 
         private static bool BlockStateEquals(KMemoryBlock lhs, KMemoryBlock rhs)
@@ -299,31 +282,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
 
         public KMemoryBlock FindBlock(ulong address)
         {
-            return FindBlockNode(address)?.Value;
-        }
-
-        public LinkedListNode<KMemoryBlock> FindBlockNode(ulong address)
-        {
-            lock (_blocks)
-            {
-                LinkedListNode<KMemoryBlock> node = _blocks.First;
-
-                while (node != null)
-                {
-                    KMemoryBlock block = node.Value;
-
-                    ulong currEndAddr = block.PagesCount * PageSize + block.BaseAddress;
-
-                    if (block.BaseAddress <= address && currEndAddr - 1 >= address)
-                    {
-                        return node;
-                    }
-
-                    node = node.Next;
-                }
-            }
-
-            return null;
+            return _blockTree.GetNodeByKey(address);
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/Memory/KPageTableBase.cs

@@ -2447,9 +2447,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
         {
             ulong endAddr = address + size;
 
-            LinkedListNode<KMemoryBlock> node = _blockManager.FindBlockNode(address);
+            KMemoryBlock currBlock = _blockManager.FindBlock(address);
 
-            KMemoryInfo info = node.Value.GetInfo();
+            KMemoryInfo info = currBlock.GetInfo();
 
             MemoryState firstState = info.State;
             KMemoryPermission firstPermission = info.Permission;
@@ -2457,7 +2457,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
 
             do
             {
-                info = node.Value.GetInfo();
+                info = currBlock.GetInfo();
 
                 // Check if the block state matches what we expect.
                 if (firstState != info.State ||
@@ -2474,7 +2474,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
                     return false;
                 }
             }
-            while (info.Address + info.Size - 1 < endAddr - 1 && (node = node.Next) != null);
+            while (info.Address + info.Size - 1 < endAddr - 1 && (currBlock = currBlock.Successor) != null);
 
             outState = firstState;
             outPermission = firstPermission;
@@ -2509,17 +2509,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
 
         private IEnumerable<KMemoryInfo> IterateOverRange(ulong start, ulong end)
         {
-            LinkedListNode<KMemoryBlock> node = _blockManager.FindBlockNode(start);
+            KMemoryBlock currBlock = _blockManager.FindBlock(start);
 
             KMemoryInfo info;
 
             do
             {
-                info = node.Value.GetInfo();
+                info = currBlock.GetInfo();
 
                 yield return info;
             }
-            while (info.Address + info.Size - 1 < end - 1 && (node = node.Next) != null);
+            while (info.Address + info.Size - 1 < end - 1 && (currBlock = currBlock.Successor) != null);
         }
 
         private ulong AllocateVa(ulong regionStart, ulong regionPagesCount, ulong neededPagesCount, int alignment)
@@ -2605,9 +2605,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
 
             ulong regionEndAddr = regionStart + regionPagesCount * PageSize;
 
-            LinkedListNode<KMemoryBlock> node = _blockManager.FindBlockNode(regionStart);
+            KMemoryBlock currBlock = _blockManager.FindBlock(regionStart);
 
-            KMemoryInfo info = node.Value.GetInfo();
+            KMemoryInfo info = currBlock.GetInfo();
 
             while (regionEndAddr >= info.Address)
             {
@@ -2636,14 +2636,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
                     }
                 }
 
-                node = node.Next;
+                currBlock = currBlock.Successor;
 
-                if (node == null)
+                if (currBlock == null)
                 {
                     break;
                 }
 
-                info = node.Value.GetInfo();
+                info = currBlock.GetInfo();
             }
 
             return 0;

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Account/Acc/AccountService/IManagerForApplication.cs

@@ -57,5 +57,19 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Account.Acc.AccountService
         {
             return _managerServer.StoreOpenContext(context);
         }
+
+        [CommandHipc(170)] // 6.0.0+
+        // LoadNetworkServiceLicenseKindAsync() -> object<nn::account::detail::IAsyncNetworkServiceLicenseKindContext>
+        public ResultCode LoadNetworkServiceLicenseKindAsync(ServiceCtx context)
+        {
+            ResultCode resultCode = _managerServer.LoadNetworkServiceLicenseKindAsync(context, out IAsyncNetworkServiceLicenseKindContext asyncContext);
+
+            if (resultCode == ResultCode.Success)
+            {
+                MakeObject(context, asyncContext);
+            }
+
+            return resultCode;
+        }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Account/Acc/AccountService/ManagerServer.cs

@@ -166,5 +166,22 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Account.Acc.AccountService
 
             return ResultCode.Success;
         }
+
+        public ResultCode LoadNetworkServiceLicenseKindAsync(ServiceCtx context, out IAsyncNetworkServiceLicenseKindContext asyncContext)
+        {
+            KEvent asyncEvent = new KEvent(context.Device.System.KernelContext);
+            AsyncExecution asyncExecution = new AsyncExecution(asyncEvent);
+
+            Logger.Stub?.PrintStub(LogClass.ServiceAcc);
+
+            // NOTE: This is an extension of the data retrieved from the id token cache.
+            asyncExecution.Initialize(1000, EnsureIdTokenCacheAsyncImpl);
+
+            asyncContext = new IAsyncNetworkServiceLicenseKindContext(asyncExecution, NetworkServiceLicenseKind.Subscribed);
+
+            // return ResultCode.NullObject if the IAsyncNetworkServiceLicenseKindContext pointer is null. Doesn't occur in our case.
+
+            return ResultCode.Success;
+        }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Account/Acc/IAsyncContext.cs

@@ -7,18 +7,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Account.Acc
 {
     class IAsyncContext : IpcService
     {
-        AsyncExecution _asyncExecution;
+        protected AsyncExecution AsyncExecution;
 
         public IAsyncContext(AsyncExecution asyncExecution)
         {
-            _asyncExecution = asyncExecution;
+            AsyncExecution = asyncExecution;
         }
 
         [CommandHipc(0)]
         // GetSystemEvent() -> handle<copy>
         public ResultCode GetSystemEvent(ServiceCtx context)
         {
-            if (context.Process.HandleTable.GenerateHandle(_asyncExecution.SystemEvent.ReadableEvent, out int _systemEventHandle) != KernelResult.Success)
+            if (context.Process.HandleTable.GenerateHandle(AsyncExecution.SystemEvent.ReadableEvent, out int _systemEventHandle) != KernelResult.Success)
             {
                 throw new InvalidOperationException("Out of handles!");
             }
@@ -32,14 +32,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Account.Acc
         // Cancel()
         public ResultCode Cancel(ServiceCtx context)
         {
-            if (!_asyncExecution.IsInitialized)
+            if (!AsyncExecution.IsInitialized)
             {
                 return ResultCode.AsyncExecutionNotInitialized;
             }
 
-            if (_asyncExecution.IsRunning)
+            if (AsyncExecution.IsRunning)
             {
-                _asyncExecution.Cancel();
+                AsyncExecution.Cancel();
             }
 
             return ResultCode.Success;
@@ -49,12 +49,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Account.Acc
         // HasDone() -> b8
         public ResultCode HasDone(ServiceCtx context)
         {
-            if (!_asyncExecution.IsInitialized)
+            if (!AsyncExecution.IsInitialized)
             {
                 return ResultCode.AsyncExecutionNotInitialized;
             }
 
-            context.ResponseData.Write(_asyncExecution.SystemEvent.ReadableEvent.IsSignaled());
+            context.ResponseData.Write(AsyncExecution.SystemEvent.ReadableEvent.IsSignaled());
 
             return ResultCode.Success;
         }
@@ -63,12 +63,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Account.Acc
         // GetResult()
         public ResultCode GetResult(ServiceCtx context)
         {
-            if (!_asyncExecution.IsInitialized)
+            if (!AsyncExecution.IsInitialized)
             {
                 return ResultCode.AsyncExecutionNotInitialized;
             }
 
-            if (!_asyncExecution.SystemEvent.ReadableEvent.IsSignaled())
+            if (!AsyncExecution.SystemEvent.ReadableEvent.IsSignaled())
             {
                 return ResultCode.Unknown41;
             }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Account/Acc/IAsyncNetworkServiceLicenseKindContext.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Account.Acc.AsyncContext;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Account.Acc
+{
+    class IAsyncNetworkServiceLicenseKindContext : IAsyncContext
+    {
+        private NetworkServiceLicenseKind? _serviceLicenseKind;
+
+        public IAsyncNetworkServiceLicenseKindContext(AsyncExecution asyncExecution, NetworkServiceLicenseKind? serviceLicenseKind) : base(asyncExecution)
+        {
+            _serviceLicenseKind = serviceLicenseKind;
+        }
+
+        [CommandHipc(100)]
+        // GetNetworkServiceLicenseKind() -> nn::account::NetworkServiceLicenseKind
+        public ResultCode GetNetworkServiceLicenseKind(ServiceCtx context)
+        {
+            if (!AsyncExecution.IsInitialized)
+            {
+                return ResultCode.AsyncExecutionNotInitialized;
+            }
+
+            if (!AsyncExecution.SystemEvent.ReadableEvent.IsSignaled())
+            {
+                return ResultCode.Unknown41;
+            }
+
+            if (!_serviceLicenseKind.HasValue)
+            {
+                return ResultCode.MissingNetworkServiceLicenseKind;
+            }
+
+            context.ResponseData.Write((uint)_serviceLicenseKind.Value);
+
+            return ResultCode.Success;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Account/Acc/Types/NetworkServiceLicenseKind.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Account.Acc
+{
+    enum NetworkServiceLicenseKind : uint
+    {
+        NoSubscription,
+        Subscribed
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Account/ResultCode.cs

@@ -7,17 +7,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Account
 
         Success = 0,
 
-        NullArgument                  = (20  << ErrorCodeShift) | ModuleId,
-        InvalidArgument               = (22  << ErrorCodeShift) | ModuleId,
-        NullInputBuffer               = (30  << ErrorCodeShift) | ModuleId,
-        InvalidBufferSize             = (31  << ErrorCodeShift) | ModuleId,
-        InvalidBuffer                 = (32  << ErrorCodeShift) | ModuleId,
-        AsyncExecutionNotInitialized  = (40  << ErrorCodeShift) | ModuleId,
-        Unknown41                     = (41  << ErrorCodeShift) | ModuleId,
-        InternetRequestDenied         = (59  << ErrorCodeShift) | ModuleId,
-        UserNotFound                  = (100 << ErrorCodeShift) | ModuleId,
-        NullObject                    = (302 << ErrorCodeShift) | ModuleId,
-        Unknown341                    = (341 << ErrorCodeShift) | ModuleId,
-        InvalidIdTokenCacheBufferSize = (451 << ErrorCodeShift) | ModuleId
+        NullArgument                     = (20  << ErrorCodeShift) | ModuleId,
+        InvalidArgument                  = (22  << ErrorCodeShift) | ModuleId,
+        NullInputBuffer                  = (30  << ErrorCodeShift) | ModuleId,
+        InvalidBufferSize                = (31  << ErrorCodeShift) | ModuleId,
+        InvalidBuffer                    = (32  << ErrorCodeShift) | ModuleId,
+        AsyncExecutionNotInitialized     = (40  << ErrorCodeShift) | ModuleId,
+        Unknown41                        = (41  << ErrorCodeShift) | ModuleId,
+        InternetRequestDenied            = (59  << ErrorCodeShift) | ModuleId,
+        UserNotFound                     = (100 << ErrorCodeShift) | ModuleId,
+        NullObject                       = (302 << ErrorCodeShift) | ModuleId,
+        Unknown341                       = (341 << ErrorCodeShift) | ModuleId,
+        MissingNetworkServiceLicenseKind = (400 << ErrorCodeShift) | ModuleId,
+        InvalidIdTokenCacheBufferSize    = (451 << ErrorCodeShift) | ModuleId
     }
 }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Sockets/Bsd/IClient.cs

@@ -336,6 +336,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Sockets.Bsd
                 context.Memory.Write(outputBufferPosition + (ulong)(i * Unsafe.SizeOf<PollEventData>()), events[i].Data);
             }
 
+            // In case of non blocking call timeout should not be returned.
+            if (timeout == 0 && errno == LinuxError.ETIMEDOUT)
+            {
+                errno = LinuxError.SUCCESS;
+            }
+
             return WriteBsdResult(context, updateCount, errno);
         }
 
@@ -567,14 +573,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Sockets.Bsd
 
             LinuxError errno  = LinuxError.EBADF;
             ISocket    socket = _context.RetrieveSocket(socketFd);
-
             if (socket != null)
             {
-                errno = LinuxError.SUCCESS;
+                errno = LinuxError.ENOTCONN;
 
-                WriteSockAddr(context, bufferPosition, socket, true);
-                WriteBsdResult(context, 0, errno);
-                context.ResponseData.Write(Unsafe.SizeOf<BsdSockAddr>());
+                if (socket.RemoteEndPoint != null)
+                {
+                    errno = LinuxError.SUCCESS;
+
+                    WriteSockAddr(context, bufferPosition, socket, true);
+                    WriteBsdResult(context, 0, errno);
+                    context.ResponseData.Write(Unsafe.SizeOf<BsdSockAddr>());
+                }
             }
 
             return WriteBsdResult(context, 0, errno);
@@ -876,6 +886,91 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Sockets.Bsd
             return WriteBsdResult(context, newSockFd, errno);
         }
 
+
+        [CommandHipc(29)] // 7.0.0+
+        // RecvMMsg(u32 fd, u32 vlen, u32 flags, u32 reserved, nn::socket::TimeVal timeout) -> (i32 ret, u32 bsd_errno, buffer<bytes, 6> message);
+        public ResultCode RecvMMsg(ServiceCtx context)
+        {
+            int            socketFd    = context.RequestData.ReadInt32();
+            int            vlen        = context.RequestData.ReadInt32();
+            BsdSocketFlags socketFlags = (BsdSocketFlags)context.RequestData.ReadInt32();
+            uint           reserved    = context.RequestData.ReadUInt32();
+            TimeVal        timeout     = context.RequestData.ReadStruct<TimeVal>();
+
+            ulong receivePosition = context.Request.ReceiveBuff[0].Position;
+            ulong receiveLength = context.Request.ReceiveBuff[0].Size;
+
+            WritableRegion receiveRegion = context.Memory.GetWritableRegion(receivePosition, (int)receiveLength);
+
+            LinuxError errno  = LinuxError.EBADF;
+            ISocket    socket = _context.RetrieveSocket(socketFd);
+            int        result = -1;
+
+            if (socket != null)
+            {
+                errno = BsdMMsgHdr.Deserialize(out BsdMMsgHdr message, receiveRegion.Memory.Span, vlen);
+
+                if (errno == LinuxError.SUCCESS)
+                {
+                    errno = socket.RecvMMsg(out result, message, socketFlags, timeout);
+
+                    if (errno == LinuxError.SUCCESS)
+                    {
+                        errno = BsdMMsgHdr.Serialize(receiveRegion.Memory.Span, message);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (errno == LinuxError.SUCCESS)
+            {
+                SetResultErrno(socket, result);
+                receiveRegion.Dispose();
+            }
+
+            return WriteBsdResult(context, result, errno);
+        }
+
+        [CommandHipc(30)] // 7.0.0+
+        // SendMMsg(u32 fd, u32 vlen, u32 flags) -> (i32 ret, u32 bsd_errno, buffer<bytes, 6> message);
+        public ResultCode SendMMsg(ServiceCtx context)
+        {
+            int            socketFd    = context.RequestData.ReadInt32();
+            int            vlen        = context.RequestData.ReadInt32();
+            BsdSocketFlags socketFlags = (BsdSocketFlags)context.RequestData.ReadInt32();
+
+            ulong receivePosition = context.Request.ReceiveBuff[0].Position;
+            ulong receiveLength = context.Request.ReceiveBuff[0].Size;
+
+            WritableRegion receiveRegion = context.Memory.GetWritableRegion(receivePosition, (int)receiveLength);
+
+            LinuxError errno  = LinuxError.EBADF;
+            ISocket    socket = _context.RetrieveSocket(socketFd);
+            int        result = -1;
+
+            if (socket != null)
+            {
+                errno = BsdMMsgHdr.Deserialize(out BsdMMsgHdr message, receiveRegion.Memory.Span, vlen);
+
+                if (errno == LinuxError.SUCCESS)
+                {
+                    errno = socket.SendMMsg(out result, message, socketFlags);
+
+                    if (errno == LinuxError.SUCCESS)
+                    {
+                        errno = BsdMMsgHdr.Serialize(receiveRegion.Memory.Span, message);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (errno == LinuxError.SUCCESS)
+            {
+                SetResultErrno(socket, result);
+                receiveRegion.Dispose();
+            }
+
+            return WriteBsdResult(context, result, errno);
+        }
+
         [CommandHipc(31)] // 7.0.0+
         // EventFd(u64 initval, nn::socket::EventFdFlags flags) -> (i32 ret, u32 bsd_errno)
         public ResultCode EventFd(ServiceCtx context)

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Sockets/Bsd/ISocket.cs

@@ -25,7 +25,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Sockets.Bsd
 
         LinuxError SendTo(out int sendSize, ReadOnlySpan<byte> buffer, int size, BsdSocketFlags flags, IPEndPoint remoteEndPoint);
 
+        LinuxError RecvMMsg(out int vlen, BsdMMsgHdr message, BsdSocketFlags flags, TimeVal timeout);
+
+        LinuxError SendMMsg(out int vlen, BsdMMsgHdr message, BsdSocketFlags flags);
+
         LinuxError GetSocketOption(BsdSocketOption option, SocketOptionLevel level, Span<byte> optionValue);
+
         LinuxError SetSocketOption(BsdSocketOption option, SocketOptionLevel level, ReadOnlySpan<byte> optionValue);
 
         bool Poll(int microSeconds, SelectMode mode);

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Sockets/Bsd/Impl/ManagedSocket.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Net;
 using System.Net.Sockets;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
@@ -323,9 +325,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Sockets.Bsd
 
                 int value = optionValue.Length >= 4 ? MemoryMarshal.Read<int>(optionValue) : MemoryMarshal.Read<byte>(optionValue);
 
-                if (option == BsdSocketOption.SoLinger)
+                if (level == SocketOptionLevel.Socket && option == BsdSocketOption.SoLinger)
                 {
-                    int value2 = MemoryMarshal.Read<int>(optionValue[4..]);
+                    int value2 = 0;
+
+                    if (optionValue.Length >= 8)
+                    {
+                        value2 = MemoryMarshal.Read<int>(optionValue[4..]);
+                    }
 
                     Socket.SetSocketOption(level, SocketOptionName.Linger, new LingerOption(value != 0, value2));
                 }
@@ -351,5 +358,165 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Sockets.Bsd
         {
             return Send(out writeSize, buffer, BsdSocketFlags.None);
         }
+
+        private bool CanSupportMMsgHdr(BsdMMsgHdr message)
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < message.Messages.Length; i++)
+            {
+                if (message.Messages[i].Name != null ||
+                    message.Messages[i].Control != null)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private static IList<ArraySegment<byte>> ConvertMessagesToBuffer(BsdMMsgHdr message)
+        {
+            int segmentCount = 0;
+            int index = 0;
+
+            foreach (BsdMsgHdr msgHeader in message.Messages)
+            {
+                segmentCount += msgHeader.Iov.Length;
+            }
+
+            ArraySegment<byte>[] buffers = new ArraySegment<byte>[segmentCount];
+
+            foreach (BsdMsgHdr msgHeader in message.Messages)
+            {
+                foreach (byte[] iov in msgHeader.Iov)
+                {
+                    buffers[index++] = new ArraySegment<byte>(iov);
+                }
+
+                // Clear the length
+                msgHeader.Length = 0;
+            }
+
+            return buffers;
+        }
+
+        private static void UpdateMessages(out int vlen, BsdMMsgHdr message, int transferedSize)
+        {
+            int bytesLeft = transferedSize;
+            int index = 0;
+
+            while (bytesLeft > 0)
+            {
+                // First ensure we haven't finished all buffers
+                if (index >= message.Messages.Length)
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                BsdMsgHdr msgHeader = message.Messages[index];
+
+                int possiblyTransferedBytes = 0;
+
+                foreach (byte[] iov in msgHeader.Iov)
+                {
+                    possiblyTransferedBytes += iov.Length;
+                }
+
+                int storedBytes;
+
+                if (bytesLeft > possiblyTransferedBytes)
+                {
+                    storedBytes = possiblyTransferedBytes;
+                    index++;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    storedBytes = bytesLeft;
+                }
+
+                msgHeader.Length = (uint)storedBytes;
+                bytesLeft -= storedBytes;
+            }
+
+            Debug.Assert(bytesLeft == 0);
+
+            vlen = index + 1;
+        }
+
+        // TODO: Find a way to support passing the timeout somehow without changing the socket ReceiveTimeout.
+        public LinuxError RecvMMsg(out int vlen, BsdMMsgHdr message, BsdSocketFlags flags, TimeVal timeout)
+        {
+            vlen = 0;
+
+            if (message.Messages.Length == 0)
+            {
+                return LinuxError.SUCCESS;
+            }
+
+            if (!CanSupportMMsgHdr(message))
+            {
+                Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.ServiceBsd, $"Unsupported BsdMMsgHdr");
+
+                return LinuxError.EOPNOTSUPP;
+            }
+
+            if (message.Messages.Length == 0)
+            {
+                return LinuxError.SUCCESS;
+            }
+
+            try
+            {
+                int receiveSize = Socket.Receive(ConvertMessagesToBuffer(message), ConvertBsdSocketFlags(flags), out SocketError socketError);
+
+                if (receiveSize > 0)
+                {
+                    UpdateMessages(out vlen, message, receiveSize);
+                }
+
+                return WinSockHelper.ConvertError((WsaError)socketError);
+            }
+            catch (SocketException exception)
+            {
+                return WinSockHelper.ConvertError((WsaError)exception.ErrorCode);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public LinuxError SendMMsg(out int vlen, BsdMMsgHdr message, BsdSocketFlags flags)
+        {
+            vlen = 0;
+
+            if (message.Messages.Length == 0)
+            {
+                return LinuxError.SUCCESS;
+            }
+
+            if (!CanSupportMMsgHdr(message))
+            {
+                Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.ServiceBsd, $"Unsupported BsdMMsgHdr");
+
+                return LinuxError.EOPNOTSUPP;
+            }
+
+            if (message.Messages.Length == 0)
+            {
+                return LinuxError.SUCCESS;
+            }
+
+            try
+            {
+                int sendSize = Socket.Send(ConvertMessagesToBuffer(message), ConvertBsdSocketFlags(flags), out SocketError socketError);
+
+                if (sendSize > 0)
+                {
+                    UpdateMessages(out vlen, message, sendSize);
+                }
+
+                return WinSockHelper.ConvertError((WsaError)socketError);
+            }
+            catch (SocketException exception)
+            {
+                return WinSockHelper.ConvertError((WsaError)exception.ErrorCode);
+            }
+        }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Sockets/Bsd/Impl/ManagedSocketPollManager.cs

@@ -38,12 +38,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Sockets.Bsd
             {
                 ManagedSocket socket = (ManagedSocket)evnt.FileDescriptor;
 
-                bool isValidEvent = false;
+                bool isValidEvent = evnt.Data.InputEvents == 0;
+
+                errorEvents.Add(socket.Socket);
 
                 if ((evnt.Data.InputEvents & PollEventTypeMask.Input) != 0)
                 {
                     readEvents.Add(socket.Socket);
-                    errorEvents.Add(socket.Socket);
 
                     isValidEvent = true;
                 }
@@ -51,7 +52,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Sockets.Bsd
                 if ((evnt.Data.InputEvents & PollEventTypeMask.UrgentInput) != 0)
                 {
                     readEvents.Add(socket.Socket);
-                    errorEvents.Add(socket.Socket);
 
                     isValidEvent = true;
                 }
@@ -59,14 +59,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Sockets.Bsd
                 if ((evnt.Data.InputEvents & PollEventTypeMask.Output) != 0)
                 {
                     writeEvents.Add(socket.Socket);
-                    errorEvents.Add(socket.Socket);
-
-                    isValidEvent = true;
-                }
-
-                if ((evnt.Data.InputEvents & PollEventTypeMask.Error) != 0)
-                {
-                    errorEvents.Add(socket.Socket);
 
                     isValidEvent = true;
                 }
@@ -93,7 +85,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Sockets.Bsd
             {
                 Socket socket = ((ManagedSocket)evnt.FileDescriptor).Socket;
 
-                PollEventTypeMask outputEvents = 0;
+                PollEventTypeMask outputEvents = evnt.Data.OutputEvents & ~evnt.Data.InputEvents;
 
                 if (errorEvents.Contains(socket))
                 {

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Sockets/Bsd/Types/BsdMMsgHdr.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+using System;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Sockets.Bsd
+{
+    class BsdMMsgHdr
+    {
+        public BsdMsgHdr[] Messages { get; }
+
+        private BsdMMsgHdr(BsdMsgHdr[] messages)
+        {
+            Messages = messages;
+        }
+
+        public static LinuxError Serialize(Span<byte> rawData, BsdMMsgHdr message)
+        {
+            rawData[0] = 0x8;
+            rawData = rawData[1..];
+
+            for (int index = 0; index < message.Messages.Length; index++)
+            {
+                LinuxError res = BsdMsgHdr.Serialize(ref rawData, message.Messages[index]);
+
+                if (res != LinuxError.SUCCESS)
+                {
+                    return res;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return LinuxError.SUCCESS;
+        }
+
+        public static LinuxError Deserialize(out BsdMMsgHdr message, ReadOnlySpan<byte> rawData, int vlen)
+        {
+            message = null;
+
+            BsdMsgHdr[] messages = new BsdMsgHdr[vlen];
+
+            // Skip "header" byte (Nintendo also ignore it)
+            rawData = rawData[1..];
+
+            for (int index = 0; index < messages.Length; index++)
+            {
+                LinuxError res = BsdMsgHdr.Deserialize(out messages[index], ref rawData);
+
+                if (res != LinuxError.SUCCESS)
+                {
+                    return res;
+                }
+            }
+
+            message = new BsdMMsgHdr(messages);
+
+            return LinuxError.SUCCESS;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Sockets/Bsd/Types/BsdMsgHdr.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Sockets.Bsd
+{
+    class BsdMsgHdr
+    {
+        public byte[] Name { get; }
+        public byte[][] Iov { get; }
+        public byte[] Control { get; }
+        public BsdSocketFlags Flags { get; }
+        public uint Length;
+
+        private BsdMsgHdr(byte[] name, byte[][] iov, byte[] control, BsdSocketFlags flags, uint length)
+        {
+            Name = name;
+            Iov = iov;
+            Control = control;
+            Flags = flags;
+            Length = length;
+        }
+
+        public static LinuxError Serialize(ref Span<byte> rawData, BsdMsgHdr message)
+        {
+            int msgNameLength = message.Name == null ? 0 : message.Name.Length;
+            int iovCount = message.Iov == null ? 0 : message.Iov.Length;
+            int controlLength = message.Control == null ? 0 : message.Control.Length;
+            BsdSocketFlags flags = message.Flags;
+
+            if (!MemoryMarshal.TryWrite(rawData, ref msgNameLength))
+            {
+                return LinuxError.EFAULT;
+            }
+
+            rawData = rawData[sizeof(uint)..];
+
+            if (msgNameLength > 0)
+            {
+                if (rawData.Length < msgNameLength)
+                {
+                    return LinuxError.EFAULT;
+                }
+
+                message.Name.CopyTo(rawData);
+                rawData = rawData[msgNameLength..];
+            }
+
+            if (!MemoryMarshal.TryWrite(rawData, ref iovCount))
+            {
+                return LinuxError.EFAULT;
+            }
+
+            rawData = rawData[sizeof(uint)..];
+
+            if (iovCount > 0)
+            {
+                for (int index = 0; index < iovCount; index++)
+                {
+                    ulong iovLength = (ulong)message.Iov[index].Length;
+
+                    if (!MemoryMarshal.TryWrite(rawData, ref iovLength))
+                    {
+                        return LinuxError.EFAULT;
+                    }
+
+                    rawData = rawData[sizeof(ulong)..];
+
+                    if (iovLength > 0)
+                    {
+                        if ((ulong)rawData.Length < iovLength)
+                        {
+                            return LinuxError.EFAULT;
+                        }
+
+                        message.Iov[index].CopyTo(rawData);
+                        rawData = rawData[(int)iovLength..];
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!MemoryMarshal.TryWrite(rawData, ref controlLength))
+            {
+                return LinuxError.EFAULT;
+            }
+
+            rawData = rawData[sizeof(uint)..];
+
+            if (controlLength > 0)
+            {
+                if (rawData.Length < controlLength)
+                {
+                    return LinuxError.EFAULT;
+                }
+
+                message.Control.CopyTo(rawData);
+                rawData = rawData[controlLength..];
+            }
+
+            if (!MemoryMarshal.TryWrite(rawData, ref flags))
+            {
+                return LinuxError.EFAULT;
+            }
+
+            rawData = rawData[sizeof(BsdSocketFlags)..];
+
+            if (!MemoryMarshal.TryWrite(rawData, ref message.Length))
+            {
+                return LinuxError.EFAULT;
+            }
+
+            rawData = rawData[sizeof(uint)..];
+
+            return LinuxError.SUCCESS;
+        }
+
+        public static LinuxError Deserialize(out BsdMsgHdr message, ref ReadOnlySpan<byte> rawData)
+        {
+            byte[] name = null;
+            byte[][] iov = null;
+            byte[] control = null;
+
+            message = null;
+
+            if (!MemoryMarshal.TryRead(rawData, out uint msgNameLength))
+            {
+                return LinuxError.EFAULT;
+            }
+
+            rawData = rawData[sizeof(uint)..];
+
+            if (msgNameLength > 0)
+            {
+                if (rawData.Length < msgNameLength)
+                {
+                    return LinuxError.EFAULT;
+                }
+
+                name = rawData[..(int)msgNameLength].ToArray();
+                rawData = rawData[(int)msgNameLength..];
+            }
+
+            if (!MemoryMarshal.TryRead(rawData, out uint iovCount))
+            {
+                return LinuxError.EFAULT;
+            }
+
+            rawData = rawData[sizeof(uint)..];
+
+            if (iovCount > 0)
+            {
+                iov = new byte[iovCount][];
+
+                for (int index = 0; index < iov.Length; index++)
+                {
+                    if (!MemoryMarshal.TryRead(rawData, out ulong iovLength))
+                    {
+                        return LinuxError.EFAULT;
+                    }
+
+                    rawData = rawData[sizeof(ulong)..];
+
+                    if (iovLength > 0)
+                    {
+                        if ((ulong)rawData.Length < iovLength)
+                        {
+                            return LinuxError.EFAULT;
+                        }
+
+                        iov[index] = rawData[..(int)iovLength].ToArray();
+                        rawData = rawData[(int)iovLength..];
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!MemoryMarshal.TryRead(rawData, out uint controlLength))
+            {
+                return LinuxError.EFAULT;
+            }
+
+            rawData = rawData[sizeof(uint)..];
+
+            if (controlLength > 0)
+            {
+                if (rawData.Length < controlLength)
+                {
+                    return LinuxError.EFAULT;
+                }
+
+                control = rawData[..(int)controlLength].ToArray();
+                rawData = rawData[(int)controlLength..];
+            }
+
+            if (!MemoryMarshal.TryRead(rawData, out BsdSocketFlags flags))
+            {
+                return LinuxError.EFAULT;
+            }
+
+            rawData = rawData[sizeof(BsdSocketFlags)..];
+
+            if (!MemoryMarshal.TryRead(rawData, out uint length))
+            {
+                return LinuxError.EFAULT;
+            }
+
+            rawData = rawData[sizeof(uint)..];
+
+            message = new BsdMsgHdr(name, iov, control, flags, length);
+
+            return LinuxError.SUCCESS;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Sockets/Bsd/Types/TimeVal.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Sockets.Bsd
+{
+    public struct TimeVal
+    {
+        public ulong TvSec;
+        public ulong TvUsec;
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/Sockets/Sfdnsres/Types/AddrInfo4.cs

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Sockets.Sfdnsres.Types
         {
             Length  = (byte)Unsafe.SizeOf<Array4<byte>>();
             Family  = (byte)AddressFamily.InterNetwork;
-            Port    = port;
+            Port    = IPAddress.HostToNetworkOrder(port);
             Address = new Array4<byte>();
 
             address.TryWriteBytes(Address.AsSpan(), out _);

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/SurfaceFlinger/SurfaceFlinger.cs

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.SurfaceFlinger
         private long _1msTicks;
 
         private int _swapInterval;
+        private int _swapIntervalDelay;
 
         private readonly object Lock = new object();
 
@@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.SurfaceFlinger
             }
             else
             {
-                _ticksPerFrame = Stopwatch.Frequency / (TargetFps / _swapInterval);
+                _ticksPerFrame = Stopwatch.Frequency / TargetFps;
             }
         }
 
@@ -322,7 +323,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.SurfaceFlinger
 
                     if (_ticks >= _ticksPerFrame)
                     {
-                        Compose();
+                        if (_swapIntervalDelay-- == 0)
+                        {
+                            Compose();
+
+                            // When a frame is presented, delay the next one by its swap interval value.
+                            _swapIntervalDelay = Math.Max(0, _swapInterval - 1);
+                        }
 
                         _device.System?.SignalVsync();
 

Ryujinx.Memory/WindowsShared/IntervalTree.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Collections;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 
@@ -8,19 +9,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
     /// </summary>
     /// <typeparam name="K">Key</typeparam>
     /// <typeparam name="V">Value</typeparam>
-    class IntervalTree<K, V> where K : IComparable<K>
+    class IntervalTree<K, V> : IntrusiveRedBlackTreeImpl<IntervalTreeNode<K, V>> where K : IComparable<K>
     {
         private const int ArrayGrowthSize = 32;
 
-        private const bool Black = true;
-        private const bool Red = false;
-        private IntervalTreeNode<K, V> _root = null;
-        private int _count = 0;
-
-        public int Count => _count;
-
-        public IntervalTree() { }
-
         #region Public Methods
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -53,7 +45,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
         /// <returns>Number of intervals found</returns>
         public int Get(K start, K end, ref IntervalTreeNode<K, V>[] overlaps, int overlapCount = 0)
         {
-            GetNodes(_root, start, end, ref overlaps, ref overlapCount);
+            GetNodes(Root, start, end, ref overlaps, ref overlapCount);
 
             return overlapCount;
         }
@@ -99,7 +91,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
 
             Delete(nodeToDelete);
 
-            _count--;
+            Count--;
 
             return 1;
         }
@@ -112,7 +104,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
         {
             List<V> list = new List<V>();
 
-            AddToList(_root, list);
+            AddToList(Root, list);
 
             return list;
         }
@@ -153,7 +145,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(key));
             }
 
-            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node = _root;
+            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node = Root;
             while (node != null)
             {
                 int cmp = key.CompareTo(node.Start);
@@ -271,7 +263,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
         private bool BSTInsert(K start, K end, V value, Func<K, V, V> updateFactoryCallback, out IntervalTreeNode<K, V> outNode)
         {
             IntervalTreeNode<K, V> parent = null;
-            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node = _root;
+            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node = Root;
 
             while (node != null)
             {
@@ -319,7 +311,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
             IntervalTreeNode<K, V> newNode = new IntervalTreeNode<K, V>(start, end, value, parent);
             if (newNode.Parent == null)
             {
-                _root = newNode;
+                Root = newNode;
             }
             else if (start.CompareTo(parent.Start) < 0)
             {
@@ -331,7 +323,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
             }
 
             PropagateIncrease(newNode);
-            _count++;
+            Count++;
             RestoreBalanceAfterInsertion(newNode);
             outNode = newNode;
             return true;
@@ -351,7 +343,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
             }
             else
             {
-                replacementNode = PredecessorOf(nodeToDelete);
+                replacementNode = nodeToDelete.Predecessor;
             }
 
             IntervalTreeNode<K, V> tmp = LeftOf(replacementNode) ?? RightOf(replacementNode);
@@ -363,7 +355,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
 
             if (ParentOf(replacementNode) == null)
             {
-                _root = tmp;
+                Root = tmp;
             }
             else if (replacementNode == LeftOf(ParentOf(replacementNode)))
             {
@@ -390,232 +382,25 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
             }
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Returns the node with the largest key where <paramref name="node"/> is considered the root node.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="node">Root Node</param>
-        /// <returns>Node with the maximum key in the tree of <paramref name="node"/></returns>
-        private static IntervalTreeNode<K, V> Maximum(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
-        {
-            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> tmp = node;
-            while (tmp.Right != null)
-            {
-                tmp = tmp.Right;
-            }
-
-            return tmp;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Finds the node whose key is immediately less than <paramref name="node"/>.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="node">Node to find the predecessor of</param>
-        /// <returns>Predecessor of <paramref name="node"/></returns>
-        private static IntervalTreeNode<K, V> PredecessorOf(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
-        {
-            if (node.Left != null)
-            {
-                return Maximum(node.Left);
-            }
-            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> parent = node.Parent;
-            while (parent != null && node == parent.Left)
-            {
-                node = parent;
-                parent = parent.Parent;
-            }
-            return parent;
-        }
-
         #endregion
 
         #region Private Methods (RBL)
 
-        private void RestoreBalanceAfterRemoval(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> balanceNode)
-        {
-            IntervalTreeNode<K, V> ptr = balanceNode;
-
-            while (ptr != _root && ColorOf(ptr) == Black)
-            {
-                if (ptr == LeftOf(ParentOf(ptr)))
-                {
-                    IntervalTreeNode<K, V> sibling = RightOf(ParentOf(ptr));
-
-                    if (ColorOf(sibling) == Red)
-                    {
-                        SetColor(sibling, Black);
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(ptr), Red);
-                        RotateLeft(ParentOf(ptr));
-                        sibling = RightOf(ParentOf(ptr));
-                    }
-                    if (ColorOf(LeftOf(sibling)) == Black && ColorOf(RightOf(sibling)) == Black)
-                    {
-                        SetColor(sibling, Red);
-                        ptr = ParentOf(ptr);
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        if (ColorOf(RightOf(sibling)) == Black)
-                        {
-                            SetColor(LeftOf(sibling), Black);
-                            SetColor(sibling, Red);
-                            RotateRight(sibling);
-                            sibling = RightOf(ParentOf(ptr));
-                        }
-                        SetColor(sibling, ColorOf(ParentOf(ptr)));
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(ptr), Black);
-                        SetColor(RightOf(sibling), Black);
-                        RotateLeft(ParentOf(ptr));
-                        ptr = _root;
-                    }
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    IntervalTreeNode<K, V> sibling = LeftOf(ParentOf(ptr));
-
-                    if (ColorOf(sibling) == Red)
-                    {
-                        SetColor(sibling, Black);
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(ptr), Red);
-                        RotateRight(ParentOf(ptr));
-                        sibling = LeftOf(ParentOf(ptr));
-                    }
-                    if (ColorOf(RightOf(sibling)) == Black && ColorOf(LeftOf(sibling)) == Black)
-                    {
-                        SetColor(sibling, Red);
-                        ptr = ParentOf(ptr);
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        if (ColorOf(LeftOf(sibling)) == Black)
-                        {
-                            SetColor(RightOf(sibling), Black);
-                            SetColor(sibling, Red);
-                            RotateLeft(sibling);
-                            sibling = LeftOf(ParentOf(ptr));
-                        }
-                        SetColor(sibling, ColorOf(ParentOf(ptr)));
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(ptr), Black);
-                        SetColor(LeftOf(sibling), Black);
-                        RotateRight(ParentOf(ptr));
-                        ptr = _root;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            SetColor(ptr, Black);
-        }
-
-        private void RestoreBalanceAfterInsertion(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> balanceNode)
-        {
-            SetColor(balanceNode, Red);
-            while (balanceNode != null && balanceNode != _root && ColorOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)) == Red)
-            {
-                if (ParentOf(balanceNode) == LeftOf(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode))))
-                {
-                    IntervalTreeNode<K, V> sibling = RightOf(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)));
-
-                    if (ColorOf(sibling) == Red)
-                    {
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(balanceNode), Black);
-                        SetColor(sibling, Black);
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)), Red);
-                        balanceNode = ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        if (balanceNode == RightOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)))
-                        {
-                            balanceNode = ParentOf(balanceNode);
-                            RotateLeft(balanceNode);
-                        }
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(balanceNode), Black);
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)), Red);
-                        RotateRight(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)));
-                    }
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    IntervalTreeNode<K, V> sibling = LeftOf(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)));
-
-                    if (ColorOf(sibling) == Red)
-                    {
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(balanceNode), Black);
-                        SetColor(sibling, Black);
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)), Red);
-                        balanceNode = ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        if (balanceNode == LeftOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)))
-                        {
-                            balanceNode = ParentOf(balanceNode);
-                            RotateRight(balanceNode);
-                        }
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(balanceNode), Black);
-                        SetColor(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)), Red);
-                        RotateLeft(ParentOf(ParentOf(balanceNode)));
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            SetColor(_root, Black);
-        }
-
-        private void RotateLeft(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
+        protected override void RotateLeft(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
         {
             if (node != null)
             {
-                IntervalTreeNode<K, V> right = RightOf(node);
-                node.Right = LeftOf(right);
-                if (node.Right != null)
-                {
-                    node.Right.Parent = node;
-                }
-                IntervalTreeNode<K, V> nodeParent = ParentOf(node);
-                right.Parent = nodeParent;
-                if (nodeParent == null)
-                {
-                    _root = right;
-                }
-                else if (node == LeftOf(nodeParent))
-                {
-                    nodeParent.Left = right;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    nodeParent.Right = right;
-                }
-                right.Left = node;
-                node.Parent = right;
+                base.RotateLeft(node);
 
                 PropagateFull(node);
             }
         }
 
-        private void RotateRight(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
+        protected override void RotateRight(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
         {
             if (node != null)
             {
-                IntervalTreeNode<K, V> left = LeftOf(node);
-                node.Left = RightOf(left);
-                if (node.Left != null)
-                {
-                    node.Left.Parent = node;
-                }
-                IntervalTreeNode<K, V> nodeParent = ParentOf(node);
-                left.Parent = nodeParent;
-                if (nodeParent == null)
-                {
-                    _root = left;
-                }
-                else if (node == RightOf(nodeParent))
-                {
-                    nodeParent.Right = left;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    nodeParent.Left = left;
-                }
-                left.Right = node;
-                node.Parent = left;
+                base.RotateRight(node);
 
                 PropagateFull(node);
             }
@@ -623,77 +408,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
 
         #endregion
 
-        #region Safety-Methods
-
-        // These methods save memory by allowing us to forego sentinel nil nodes, as well as serve as protection against NullReferenceExceptions.
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Returns the color of <paramref name="node"/>, or Black if it is null.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="node">Node</param>
-        /// <returns>The boolean color of <paramref name="node"/>, or black if null</returns>
-        private static bool ColorOf(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
-        {
-            return node == null || node.Color;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Sets the color of <paramref name="node"/> node to <paramref name="color"/>.
-        /// <br></br>
-        /// This method does nothing if <paramref name="node"/> is null.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="node">Node to set the color of</param>
-        /// <param name="color">Color (Boolean)</param>
-        private static void SetColor(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node, bool color)
-        {
-            if (node != null)
-            {
-                node.Color = color;
-            }
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// This method returns the left node of <paramref name="node"/>, or null if <paramref name="node"/> is null.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="node">Node to retrieve the left child from</param>
-        /// <returns>Left child of <paramref name="node"/></returns>
-        private static IntervalTreeNode<K, V> LeftOf(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
-        {
-            return node?.Left;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// This method returns the right node of <paramref name="node"/>, or null if <paramref name="node"/> is null.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="node">Node to retrieve the right child from</param>
-        /// <returns>Right child of <paramref name="node"/></returns>
-        private static IntervalTreeNode<K, V> RightOf(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
-        {
-            return node?.Right;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Returns the parent node of <paramref name="node"/>, or null if <paramref name="node"/> is null.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="node">Node to retrieve the parent from</param>
-        /// <returns>Parent of <paramref name="node"/></returns>
-        private static IntervalTreeNode<K, V> ParentOf(IntervalTreeNode<K, V> node)
-        {
-            return node?.Parent;
-        }
-
-        #endregion
-
         public bool ContainsKey(K key)
         {
             return GetNode(key) != null;
         }
-
-        public void Clear()
-        {
-            _root = null;
-            _count = 0;
-        }
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -701,13 +419,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory.WindowsShared
     /// </summary>
     /// <typeparam name="K">Key type of the node</typeparam>
     /// <typeparam name="V">Value type of the node</typeparam>
-    class IntervalTreeNode<K, V>
+    class IntervalTreeNode<K, V> : IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode<IntervalTreeNode<K, V>>
     {
-        public bool Color = true;
-        public IntervalTreeNode<K, V> Left = null;
-        public IntervalTreeNode<K, V> Right = null;
-        public IntervalTreeNode<K, V> Parent = null;
-
         /// <summary>
         /// The start of the range.
         /// </summary>