remove some usages of reflection binding (#5686)

* Replace image barriers inside render pass with more generic memory barrier

* Remove forceStorage since it was creating images with storage bit for formats that are not StorageImage compatible

* Add missing flags on subpass dependency

* Don't call vkCmdSetScissor with a scissor count of 0

* One semaphore per swapchain image

* Remove compute stage from read to write barriers

* Try to improve Pipeline.Barrier nonsense

* Set PipelineStateFlags based on supported stages

src/Ryujinx.Ava/UI/Applet/ErrorAppletWindow.axaml

@@ -6,9 +6,11 @@
     xmlns:locale="clr-namespace:Ryujinx.Ava.Common.Locale"
     xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
     Title="{locale:Locale ErrorWindowTitle}"
+    xmlns:views="using:Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Applet"
     Width="450"
     Height="340"
     CanResize="False"
+    x:DataType="views:ErrorAppletWindow"
     SizeToContent="Height"
     mc:Ignorable="d"
     Focusable="True">
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@
             Grid.Column="1"
             Margin="10"
             VerticalAlignment="Stretch"
-            Text="{ReflectionBinding Message}"
+            Text="{Binding Message}"
             TextWrapping="Wrap" />
         <StackPanel
             Name="ButtonStack"

src/Ryujinx.Ava/UI/Applet/SwkbdAppletDialog.axaml

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
     xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
     xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
     xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
+    xmlns:views="using:Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Controls"
     Width="400"
+    x:DataType="views:SwkbdAppletDialog"
     mc:Ignorable="d"
     Focusable="True">
     <Grid
@@ -34,13 +36,13 @@
             Grid.Row="1"
             Grid.Column="1"
             Margin="5"
-            Text="{ReflectionBinding MainText}"
+            Text="{Binding MainText}"
             TextWrapping="Wrap" />
         <TextBlock
             Grid.Row="2"
             Grid.Column="1"
             Margin="5"
-            Text="{ReflectionBinding SecondaryText}"
+            Text="{Binding SecondaryText}"
             TextWrapping="Wrap" />
         <TextBox
             Name="Input"
@@ -50,7 +52,7 @@
             VerticalAlignment="Center"
             Focusable="True"
             KeyUp="Message_KeyUp"
-            Text="{ReflectionBinding Message}"
+            Text="{Binding Message}"
             TextInput="Message_TextInput"
             TextWrapping="Wrap"
             UseFloatingWatermark="True" />

src/Ryujinx.Ava/UI/Controls/ApplicationGridView.axaml

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
                     <Setter Property="CornerRadius" Value="4" />
                 </Style>
                 <Style Selector="ListBoxItem:selected /template/ Rectangle#SelectionIndicator">
-                    <Setter Property="MinHeight" Value="{ReflectionBinding $parent[UserControl].DataContext.GridItemSelectorSize}" />
+                    <Setter Property="MinHeight" Value="{Binding $parent[UserControl].((viewModels:MainWindowViewModel)DataContext).GridItemSelectorSize}" />
                 </Style>
             </ListBox.Styles>
             <ListBox.ItemTemplate>
@@ -56,10 +56,10 @@
                             Margin="10"
                             HorizontalAlignment="Stretch"
                             VerticalAlignment="Stretch"
-                            Classes.huge="{ReflectionBinding $parent[UserControl].DataContext.IsGridHuge}"
+                            Classes.huge="{Binding $parent[UserControl].((viewModels:MainWindowViewModel)DataContext).IsGridHuge}"
-                            Classes.large="{ReflectionBinding $parent[UserControl].DataContext.IsGridLarge}"
+                            Classes.large="{Binding $parent[UserControl].((viewModels:MainWindowViewModel)DataContext).IsGridLarge}"
-                            Classes.normal="{ReflectionBinding $parent[UserControl].DataContext.IsGridMedium}"
+                            Classes.normal="{Binding $parent[UserControl].((viewModels:MainWindowViewModel)DataContext).IsGridMedium}"
-                            Classes.small="{ReflectionBinding $parent[UserControl].DataContext.IsGridSmall}"
+                            Classes.small="{Binding $parent[UserControl].((viewModels:MainWindowViewModel)DataContext).IsGridSmall}"
                             ClipToBounds="True"
                             CornerRadius="4">
                             <Grid>
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
                                     Margin="0,10,0,0"
                                     HorizontalAlignment="Stretch"
                                     VerticalAlignment="Stretch"
-                                    IsVisible="{ReflectionBinding $parent[UserControl].DataContext.ShowNames}">
+                                    IsVisible="{Binding $parent[UserControl].((viewModels:MainWindowViewModel)DataContext).ShowNames}">
                                     <TextBlock
                                         HorizontalAlignment="Center"
                                         VerticalAlignment="Center"

src/Ryujinx.Ava/UI/Controls/ApplicationListView.axaml

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
             </ListBox.ItemsPanel>
             <ListBox.Styles>
                 <Style Selector="ListBoxItem:selected /template/ Rectangle#SelectionIndicator">
-                    <Setter Property="MinHeight" Value="{ReflectionBinding $parent[UserControl].DataContext.ListItemSelectorSize}" />
+                    <Setter Property="MinHeight" Value="{Binding $parent[UserControl].((viewModels:MainWindowViewModel)DataContext).ListItemSelectorSize}" />
                 </Style>
             </ListBox.Styles>
             <ListBox.ItemTemplate>
@@ -67,10 +67,10 @@
                                     Grid.RowSpan="3"
                                     Grid.Column="0"
                                     Margin="0"
-                                    Classes.huge="{ReflectionBinding $parent[UserControl].DataContext.IsGridHuge}"
+                                    Classes.huge="{Binding $parent[UserControl].((viewModels:MainWindowViewModel)DataContext).IsGridHuge}"
-                                    Classes.large="{ReflectionBinding $parent[UserControl].DataContext.IsGridLarge}"
+                                    Classes.large="{Binding $parent[UserControl].((viewModels:MainWindowViewModel)DataContext).IsGridLarge}"
-                                    Classes.normal="{ReflectionBinding $parent[UserControl].DataContext.IsGridMedium}"
+                                    Classes.normal="{Binding $parent[UserControl].((viewModels:MainWindowViewModel)DataContext).IsGridMedium}"
-                                    Classes.small="{ReflectionBinding $parent[UserControl].DataContext.IsGridSmall}"
+                                    Classes.small="{Binding $parent[UserControl].((viewModels:MainWindowViewModel)DataContext).IsGridSmall}"
                                     Source="{Binding Icon, Converter={StaticResource ByteImage}}" />
                                 <Border
                                     Grid.Column="2"

src/Ryujinx.Ava/UI/Windows/CheatWindow.axaml

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
     Height="500"
     MinWidth="500"
     MinHeight="500"
+    x:DataType="window:CheatWindow"
     WindowStartupLocation="CenterOwner"
     mc:Ignorable="d"
     Focusable="True">
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@
             HorizontalAlignment="Center"
             VerticalAlignment="Center"
             LineHeight="18"
-            Text="{ReflectionBinding Heading}"
+            Text="{Binding Heading}"
             TextAlignment="Center"
             TextWrapping="Wrap" />
         <TextBlock
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@
             MinWidth="160"
             HorizontalAlignment="Center"
             VerticalAlignment="Center"
-            Text="{ReflectionBinding BuildId}"
+            Text="{Binding BuildId}"
             IsReadOnly="True" />
         <Border
             Grid.Row="3"
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@
                 MinHeight="300"
                 HorizontalAlignment="Stretch"
                 VerticalAlignment="Stretch"
-                ItemsSource="{ReflectionBinding LoadedCheats}">
+                ItemsSource="{Binding LoadedCheats}">
                 <TreeView.Styles>
                     <Styles>
                         <Style Selector="TreeViewItem:empty /template/ ItemsPresenter">
@@ -120,15 +121,15 @@
                     Name="SaveButton"
                     MinWidth="90"
                     Margin="5"
-                    Command="{ReflectionBinding Save}"
+                    Command="{Binding Save}"
-                    IsVisible="{ReflectionBinding !NoCheatsFound}">
+                    IsVisible="{Binding !NoCheatsFound}">
                     <TextBlock Text="{locale:Locale SettingsButtonSave}" />
                 </Button>
                 <Button
                     Name="CancelButton"
                     MinWidth="90"
                     Margin="5"
-                    Command="{ReflectionBinding Close}">
+                    Command="{Binding Close}">
                     <TextBlock Text="{locale:Locale InputDialogCancel}" />
                 </Button>
             </DockPanel>

src/Ryujinx.Ava/UI/Windows/DownloadableContentManagerWindow.axaml

@@ -39,14 +39,14 @@
                         Name="EnableAllButton"
                         MinWidth="90"
                         Margin="5"
-                        Command="{ReflectionBinding EnableAll}">
+                        Command="{Binding EnableAll}">
                         <TextBlock Text="{locale:Locale DlcManagerEnableAllButton}" />
                     </Button>
                     <Button
                         Name="DisableAllButton"
                         MinWidth="90"
                         Margin="5"
-                        Command="{ReflectionBinding DisableAll}">
+                        Command="{Binding DisableAll}">
                         <TextBlock Text="{locale:Locale DlcManagerDisableAllButton}" />
                     </Button>
                 </StackPanel>
@@ -157,14 +157,14 @@
                     Name="AddButton"
                     MinWidth="90"
                     Margin="5"
-                    Command="{ReflectionBinding Add}">
+                    Command="{Binding Add}">
                     <TextBlock Text="{locale:Locale SettingsTabGeneralAdd}" />
                 </Button>
                 <Button
                     Name="RemoveAllButton"
                     MinWidth="90"
                     Margin="5"
-                    Command="{ReflectionBinding RemoveAll}">
+                    Command="{Binding RemoveAll}">
                     <TextBlock Text="{locale:Locale DlcManagerRemoveAllButton}" />
                 </Button>
             </StackPanel>

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/CodeGen/Spirv/SpirvGenerator.cs

@@ -89,6 +89,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.CodeGen.Spirv
                 context.AddCapability(Capability.DrawParameters);
             }
 
+            if (context.Definitions.Stage != ShaderStage.Fragment &&
+                context.Definitions.Stage != ShaderStage.Geometry &&
+                context.Definitions.Stage != ShaderStage.Compute &&
+                (context.Info.IoDefinitions.Contains(new IoDefinition(StorageKind.Output, IoVariable.Layer)) ||
+                context.Info.IoDefinitions.Contains(new IoDefinition(StorageKind.Output, IoVariable.ViewportIndex))))
+            {
+                context.AddExtension("SPV_EXT_shader_viewport_index_layer");
+                context.AddCapability(Capability.ShaderViewportIndexLayerEXT);
+            }
+
             if (context.Info.IoDefinitions.Contains(new IoDefinition(StorageKind.Output, IoVariable.ViewportMask)))
             {
                 context.AddExtension("SPV_NV_viewport_array2");
@@ -277,14 +287,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.CodeGen.Spirv
                         localSizeZ);
                 }
 
-                if (context.Definitions.Stage != ShaderStage.Fragment &&
-                    context.Definitions.Stage != ShaderStage.Geometry &&
-                    context.Definitions.Stage != ShaderStage.Compute &&
-                    context.Info.IoDefinitions.Contains(new IoDefinition(StorageKind.Output, IoVariable.Layer)))
-                {
-                    context.AddCapability(Capability.ShaderLayer);
-                }
-
                 if (context.Definitions.TransformFeedbackEnabled && context.Definitions.LastInVertexPipeline)
                 {
                     context.AddExecutionMode(spvFunc, ExecutionMode.Xfb);

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/FramebufferParams.cs

@@ -257,14 +257,22 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
                 if (realIndex != -1)
                 {
-                    _colors[realIndex].Storage?.InsertReadToWriteBarrier(cbs, AccessFlags.ColorAttachmentWriteBit, PipelineStageFlags.ColorAttachmentOutputBit);
+                    _colors[realIndex].Storage?.InsertReadToWriteBarrier(
+                        cbs,
+                        AccessFlags.ColorAttachmentWriteBit,
+                        PipelineStageFlags.ColorAttachmentOutputBit,
+                        insideRenderPass: true);
                 }
             }
         }
 
         public void InsertClearBarrierDS(CommandBufferScoped cbs)
         {
-            _depthStencil?.Storage?.InsertReadToWriteBarrier(cbs, AccessFlags.DepthStencilAttachmentWriteBit, PipelineStageFlags.LateFragmentTestsBit);
+            _depthStencil?.Storage?.InsertReadToWriteBarrier(
+                cbs,
+                AccessFlags.DepthStencilAttachmentWriteBit,
+                PipelineStageFlags.LateFragmentTestsBit,
+                insideRenderPass: true);
         }
     }
 }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/HardwareCapabilities.cs

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         public readonly bool SupportsPreciseOcclusionQueries;
         public readonly bool SupportsPipelineStatisticsQuery;
         public readonly bool SupportsGeometryShader;
+        public readonly bool SupportsTessellationShader;
         public readonly bool SupportsViewportArray2;
         public readonly bool SupportsHostImportedMemory;
         public readonly bool SupportsDepthClipControl;
@@ -77,6 +78,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             bool supportsPreciseOcclusionQueries,
             bool supportsPipelineStatisticsQuery,
             bool supportsGeometryShader,
+            bool supportsTessellationShader,
             bool supportsViewportArray2,
             bool supportsHostImportedMemory,
             bool supportsDepthClipControl,
@@ -112,6 +114,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             SupportsPreciseOcclusionQueries = supportsPreciseOcclusionQueries;
             SupportsPipelineStatisticsQuery = supportsPipelineStatisticsQuery;
             SupportsGeometryShader = supportsGeometryShader;
+            SupportsTessellationShader = supportsTessellationShader;
             SupportsViewportArray2 = supportsViewportArray2;
             SupportsHostImportedMemory = supportsHostImportedMemory;
             SupportsDepthClipControl = supportsDepthClipControl;

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/PipelineBase.cs

@@ -149,10 +149,22 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 DstAccessMask = AccessFlags.MemoryReadBit | AccessFlags.MemoryWriteBit,
             };
 
+            PipelineStageFlags pipelineStageFlags = PipelineStageFlags.VertexShaderBit | PipelineStageFlags.FragmentShaderBit;
+
+            if (Gd.Capabilities.SupportsGeometryShader)
+            {
+                pipelineStageFlags |= PipelineStageFlags.GeometryShaderBit;
+            }
+
+            if (Gd.Capabilities.SupportsTessellationShader)
+            {
+                pipelineStageFlags |= PipelineStageFlags.TessellationControlShaderBit | PipelineStageFlags.TessellationEvaluationShaderBit;
+            }
+
             Gd.Api.CmdPipelineBarrier(
                 CommandBuffer,
-                PipelineStageFlags.FragmentShaderBit,
+                pipelineStageFlags,
-                PipelineStageFlags.FragmentShaderBit,
+                pipelineStageFlags,
                 0,
                 1,
                 memoryBarrier,

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/PipelineConverter.cs

@@ -9,8 +9,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 {
     static class PipelineConverter
     {
-        private const AccessFlags SubpassSrcAccessMask = AccessFlags.MemoryReadBit | AccessFlags.MemoryWriteBit | AccessFlags.ColorAttachmentWriteBit;
+        private const AccessFlags SubpassAccessMask =
-        private const AccessFlags SubpassDstAccessMask = AccessFlags.MemoryReadBit | AccessFlags.MemoryWriteBit | AccessFlags.ShaderReadBit;
+            AccessFlags.MemoryReadBit |
+            AccessFlags.MemoryWriteBit |
+            AccessFlags.ShaderReadBit |
+            AccessFlags.ColorAttachmentWriteBit |
+            AccessFlags.DepthStencilAttachmentWriteBit;
 
         public static unsafe DisposableRenderPass ToRenderPass(this ProgramPipelineState state, VulkanRenderer gd, Device device)
         {
@@ -132,8 +136,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 0,
                 PipelineStageFlags.AllGraphicsBit,
                 PipelineStageFlags.AllGraphicsBit,
-                SubpassSrcAccessMask,
+                SubpassAccessMask,
-                SubpassDstAccessMask,
+                SubpassAccessMask,
                 0);
         }
 
@@ -146,8 +150,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 0,
                 PipelineStageFlags.AllGraphicsBit,
                 PipelineStageFlags.AllGraphicsBit,
-                SubpassSrcAccessMask,
+                SubpassAccessMask,
-                SubpassDstAccessMask,
+                SubpassAccessMask,
                 0);
         }
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/PipelineDynamicState.cs

@@ -145,9 +145,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         }
 
         private void RecordScissor(Vk api, CommandBuffer commandBuffer)
+        {
+            if (ScissorsCount != 0)
             {
                 api.CmdSetScissor(commandBuffer, 0, (uint)ScissorsCount, _scissors.AsSpan());
             }
+        }
 
         private readonly void RecordStencilMasks(Vk api, CommandBuffer commandBuffer)
         {

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/TextureStorage.cs

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             var sampleCountFlags = ConvertToSampleCountFlags(gd.Capabilities.SupportedSampleCounts, (uint)info.Samples);
 
-            var usage = GetImageUsage(info.Format, info.Target, gd.Capabilities.SupportsShaderStorageImageMultisample, forceStorage: true);
+            var usage = GetImageUsage(info.Format, info.Target, gd.Capabilities.SupportsShaderStorageImageMultisample);
 
             var flags = ImageCreateFlags.CreateMutableFormatBit;
 
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             }
         }
 
-        public static ImageUsageFlags GetImageUsage(Format format, Target target, bool supportsMsStorage, bool forceStorage = false)
+        public static ImageUsageFlags GetImageUsage(Format format, Target target, bool supportsMsStorage)
         {
             var usage = DefaultUsageFlags;
 
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 usage |= ImageUsageFlags.ColorAttachmentBit;
             }
 
-            if (((forceStorage && !format.IsDepthOrStencil()) || format.IsImageCompatible()) && (supportsMsStorage || !target.IsMultisample()))
+            if (format.IsImageCompatible() && (supportsMsStorage || !target.IsMultisample()))
             {
                 usage |= ImageUsageFlags.StorageBit;
             }
@@ -440,25 +440,27 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             _lastModificationStage = stage;
         }
 
-        public void InsertReadToWriteBarrier(CommandBufferScoped cbs, AccessFlags dstAccessFlags, PipelineStageFlags dstStageFlags)
+        public void InsertReadToWriteBarrier(CommandBufferScoped cbs, AccessFlags dstAccessFlags, PipelineStageFlags dstStageFlags, bool insideRenderPass)
         {
-            if (_lastReadAccess != AccessFlags.None)
+            var lastReadStage = _lastReadStage;
-            {
-                ImageAspectFlags aspectFlags = Info.Format.ConvertAspectFlags();
 
-                TextureView.InsertImageBarrier(
+            if (insideRenderPass)
+            {
+                // We can't have barrier from compute inside a render pass,
+                // as it is invalid to specify compute in the subpass dependency stage mask.
+
+                lastReadStage &= ~PipelineStageFlags.ComputeShaderBit;
+            }
+
+            if (lastReadStage != PipelineStageFlags.None)
+            {
+                TextureView.InsertMemoryBarrier(
                     _gd.Api,
                     cbs.CommandBuffer,
-                    _imageAuto.Get(cbs).Value,
                     _lastReadAccess,
                     dstAccessFlags,
-                    _lastReadStage,
+                    lastReadStage,
-                    dstStageFlags,
+                    dstStageFlags);
-                    aspectFlags,
-                    0,
-                    0,
-                    _info.GetLayers(),
-                    _info.Levels);
 
                 _lastReadAccess = AccessFlags.None;
                 _lastReadStage = PipelineStageFlags.None;
@@ -472,21 +474,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             if (_lastModificationAccess != AccessFlags.None)
             {
-                ImageAspectFlags aspectFlags = Info.Format.ConvertAspectFlags();
+                TextureView.InsertMemoryBarrier(
-
-                TextureView.InsertImageBarrier(
                     _gd.Api,
                     cbs.CommandBuffer,
-                    _imageAuto.Get(cbs).Value,
                     _lastModificationAccess,
                     dstAccessFlags,
                     _lastModificationStage,
-                    dstStageFlags,
+                    dstStageFlags);
-                    aspectFlags,
-                    0,
-                    0,
-                    _info.GetLayers(),
-                    _info.Levels);
 
                 _lastModificationAccess = AccessFlags.None;
             }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/TextureView.cs

@@ -435,6 +435,34 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 ImageAspectFlags.ColorBit);
         }
 
+        public static unsafe void InsertMemoryBarrier(
+            Vk api,
+            CommandBuffer commandBuffer,
+            AccessFlags srcAccessMask,
+            AccessFlags dstAccessMask,
+            PipelineStageFlags srcStageMask,
+            PipelineStageFlags dstStageMask)
+        {
+            MemoryBarrier memoryBarrier = new()
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.MemoryBarrier,
+                SrcAccessMask = srcAccessMask,
+                DstAccessMask = dstAccessMask,
+            };
+
+            api.CmdPipelineBarrier(
+                commandBuffer,
+                srcStageMask,
+                dstStageMask,
+                DependencyFlags.None,
+                1,
+                memoryBarrier,
+                0,
+                null,
+                0,
+                null);
+        }
+
         public static unsafe void InsertImageBarrier(
             Vk api,
             CommandBuffer commandBuffer,

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/VulkanRenderer.cs

@@ -327,6 +327,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 features2.Features.OcclusionQueryPrecise,
                 _physicalDevice.PhysicalDeviceFeatures.PipelineStatisticsQuery,
                 _physicalDevice.PhysicalDeviceFeatures.GeometryShader,
+                _physicalDevice.PhysicalDeviceFeatures.TessellationShader,
                 _physicalDevice.IsDeviceExtensionPresent("VK_NV_viewport_array2"),
                 _physicalDevice.IsDeviceExtensionPresent(ExtExternalMemoryHost.ExtensionName),
                 supportsDepthClipControl && featuresDepthClipControl.DepthClipControl,

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/Window.cs

@@ -22,8 +22,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         private Image[] _swapchainImages;
         private Auto<DisposableImageView>[] _swapchainImageViews;
 
-        private Semaphore _imageAvailableSemaphore;
+        private Semaphore[] _imageAvailableSemaphores;
-        private Semaphore _renderFinishedSemaphore;
+        private Semaphore[] _renderFinishedSemaphores;
+
+        private int _frameIndex;
 
         private int _width;
         private int _height;
@@ -48,14 +50,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             _surface = surface;
 
             CreateSwapchain();
-
-            var semaphoreCreateInfo = new SemaphoreCreateInfo
-            {
-                SType = StructureType.SemaphoreCreateInfo,
-            };
-
-            gd.Api.CreateSemaphore(device, semaphoreCreateInfo, null, out _imageAvailableSemaphore).ThrowOnError();
-            gd.Api.CreateSemaphore(device, semaphoreCreateInfo, null, out _renderFinishedSemaphore).ThrowOnError();
         }
 
         private void RecreateSwapchain()
@@ -69,7 +63,22 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             }
 
             // Destroy old Swapchain.
+
             _gd.Api.DeviceWaitIdle(_device);
+
+            unsafe
+            {
+                for (int i = 0; i < _imageAvailableSemaphores.Length; i++)
+                {
+                    _gd.Api.DestroySemaphore(_device, _imageAvailableSemaphores[i], null);
+                }
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < _renderFinishedSemaphores.Length; i++)
+                {
+                    _gd.Api.DestroySemaphore(_device, _renderFinishedSemaphores[i], null);
+                }
+            }
+
             _gd.SwapchainApi.DestroySwapchain(_device, oldSwapchain, Span<AllocationCallbacks>.Empty);
 
             CreateSwapchain();
@@ -151,6 +160,25 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             {
                 _swapchainImageViews[i] = CreateSwapchainImageView(_swapchainImages[i], surfaceFormat.Format);
             }
+
+            var semaphoreCreateInfo = new SemaphoreCreateInfo
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.SemaphoreCreateInfo,
+            };
+
+            _imageAvailableSemaphores = new Semaphore[imageCount];
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < _imageAvailableSemaphores.Length; i++)
+            {
+                _gd.Api.CreateSemaphore(_device, semaphoreCreateInfo, null, out _imageAvailableSemaphores[i]).ThrowOnError();
+            }
+
+            _renderFinishedSemaphores = new Semaphore[imageCount];
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < _renderFinishedSemaphores.Length; i++)
+            {
+                _gd.Api.CreateSemaphore(_device, semaphoreCreateInfo, null, out _renderFinishedSemaphores[i]).ThrowOnError();
+            }
         }
 
         private unsafe Auto<DisposableImageView> CreateSwapchainImageView(Image swapchainImage, VkFormat format)
@@ -185,6 +213,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             {
                 return new SurfaceFormatKHR(VkFormat.B8G8R8A8Unorm, ColorSpaceKHR.PaceSrgbNonlinearKhr);
             }
+
             var formatToReturn = availableFormats[0];
             if (colorSpacePassthroughEnabled)
             {
@@ -212,6 +241,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                     }
                 }
             }
+
             return formatToReturn;
         }
 
@@ -265,6 +295,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             _gd.PipelineInternal.AutoFlush.Present();
 
             uint nextImage = 0;
+            int semaphoreIndex = _frameIndex++ % _imageAvailableSemaphores.Length;
 
             while (true)
             {
@@ -272,7 +303,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                     _device,
                     _swapchain,
                     ulong.MaxValue,
-                    _imageAvailableSemaphore,
+                    _imageAvailableSemaphores[semaphoreIndex],
                     new Fence(),
                     ref nextImage);
 
@@ -411,12 +442,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             _gd.CommandBufferPool.Return(
                 cbs,
-                stackalloc[] { _imageAvailableSemaphore },
+                stackalloc[] { _imageAvailableSemaphores[semaphoreIndex] },
                 stackalloc[] { PipelineStageFlags.ColorAttachmentOutputBit },
-                stackalloc[] { _renderFinishedSemaphore });
+                stackalloc[] { _renderFinishedSemaphores[semaphoreIndex] });
 
             // TODO: Present queue.
-            var semaphore = _renderFinishedSemaphore;
+            var semaphore = _renderFinishedSemaphores[semaphoreIndex];
             var swapchain = _swapchain;
 
             Result result;
@@ -593,14 +624,21 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             {
                 unsafe
                 {
-                    _gd.Api.DestroySemaphore(_device, _renderFinishedSemaphore, null);
-                    _gd.Api.DestroySemaphore(_device, _imageAvailableSemaphore, null);
-
                     for (int i = 0; i < _swapchainImageViews.Length; i++)
                     {
                         _swapchainImageViews[i].Dispose();
                     }
 
+                    for (int i = 0; i < _imageAvailableSemaphores.Length; i++)
+                    {
+                        _gd.Api.DestroySemaphore(_device, _imageAvailableSemaphores[i], null);
+                    }
+
+                    for (int i = 0; i < _renderFinishedSemaphores.Length; i++)
+                    {
+                        _gd.Api.DestroySemaphore(_device, _renderFinishedSemaphores[i], null);
+                    }
+
                     _gd.SwapchainApi.DestroySwapchain(_device, _swapchain, null);
                 }